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Paris  Exposition  of  1889.  PLATE  I. 


GARDEN  OF  CHAMP  DE  MARS. 


REPORTS 


OF  THE 


UNITED  STATES  COMMISSIONERS 


TO  THE 

UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889 


AT  PARIS. 


PUBLISHED  UNDER  DIRECTION  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  STATE 
BY  AUTHORITY  OF  CONGRESS. 


Volume  I. 

REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL,  WITH  ACCOMPANYING  DOCUMENTS, 
INCLUDING  REPORTS  OF  OFFICERS  OF  THE  COMMISSION,  <  FFICIAL  REGU¬ 
LATIONS,  CLASSIFICATION,  LISTS  OF  EXHIBITO  f  S,  AWARDS,  ETC. 


WASHINGTON: 
GOVERNMENT  printing  office 
1890. 


CONTENTS  OF  VOLUME  I 


Introduction . . . . . 

Letter  of  Secretary  of  State . 

Joint  resolution  of  Congress . 

Official  instructions  of  Secretary  of  State  to  Commissioner-General . 

Circular  letter  of  Secretary  of  State  to  governors  of  States  and  Territories . 
Letter  of  Commissioner-General  with  Estimate  of  Expenditure  of  Appro¬ 
priation  . . . 

Letter  of  Commissioner-General . 

Report  of  the  United  States  Commissioner-General . 

Table  of  Measures  and  Values .  . 

Report  of  the  Chief  Engineer  of  the  United  States  Commission . 

Report  of  the  Superintendent  of  United  States  section  of  the  Liberal  Arts. . . . 

Staff  of  the  United  States  Commissioner-General . 

Foreign  commissioners-general . 

Honorary  commissioners  appointed  by  governors  of  States . 

List  of  the  superior  jury . 

Report  of  the  superior  jury . 

Regulations  of  the  international  jury . . . 

Distribution  of  international  jurors . 

List  of  United  States  jurors . 

Review  of  social  economy . . . 

History  of  labor . 

Retrospective  exposition  of  labor  and  anthropology . . . 

Account  of  the  Riggs  collection  of  ancient  armor . . . . . 


Page. 

vii 

vii 

ix 

xi 

xvii 

xix 

xxi 

1 

44 

45 
67 
75 

79 

83 

85 

91 

95 

99 

101 

125 

159 

169 


Appendices. 


A.  Decree  of  the  President  of  the  French  Republic .  179 

B.  French  laws  and  regulations .  183 

protection  of  inventions .  189 

system  of  general  classification .  190 

general  management  of  foreign  sections .  210 

C.  The  French  general  commission . 214 

D.  Estimated  and  actual  cost  of  buildings,  etc .  215 

E.  Statistics  of  admission .  216 

F.  Restaurants,  concessions,  regulations,  etc .  217 

G.  Foreign  countries,  appropriations,  space,  etc .  220 

H.  Foreign  commissioners,  expenditures  in  Paris  . . . . .  .  222 


in 


CONTENTS. 


I> 

Page. 

I.  Circulars  and  Forms  of  United  States  Commission . 

anterior  to  the  Exposition .  223 

during  Exposition .  251 

incident  to  close  of  Exposition .  252 

J.  Synopsis  of  classification .  258 

K.  Classified  catalogue  United  States  exhibitors .  261 

L.  Alphabetical  index  United  States  exhibitors .  344 

M.  Collective  exhibition  of  ores  and  mineral  products  of  the  United  States. .  363 

N.  List  of  awards  to  United  States  exhibitors  and  collaborators .  424 

O.  Decorations  conferred  by  the  French  Government  on  account  of  the 

United  States .  447 

P.  International  congresses .  449 

Q.  United  States  delegates  to  international  congresses .  451 

R.  Donations  of  United  States  exhibits .  .  452 

S.  Expenditures  of  the  Commission .  455 

Index  to  Volume  1 .  457 

General  Index  to  all  the  Volumes. .  465 


ILLUSTRATIONS  OF  VOLUME  I. 


I.  View  from  the  Garden  of  the  Champ  de  Mars,  showing  luminous  fountains, 
central  dome,  etc.  (Frontispiece.) 

II.  Plan  of  the  United  States  Section  in  the  Exposition  of  Liberal  Arts. 

III.  Plan  of  the  United  States  Section  in  the  Industrial  Courts. 

IV.  Plan  of  the  United  States  Section  in  the  Machinery  Hall. 

V.  Plan  of  the  United  States  Section  in  the  Machinery  Hall  Gallery,  upper 
floor,  and  Railroad  Department. 

VI.  Plan  of  the  United  States  Section  in  the  Agricultural  Galleries. 

VII.  Medal. 

VIII.  Diploma. 

IX.  Perspective  drawing  of  the  interior  of  the  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts. 

X.  Perspective  drawing  of  the  interior  of  Machinery  Hall. 

XI.  Interior  of  Galerie  Desaix,  showing  part  of  the  United  States  Section  of 
Liberal  Arts. 

XII.  Facade  of  the  United  States  Industrial  Section. 

XIII.  View  from  the  center  of  the  United  States  Industrial  Section. 

XIV.  View  from  the  end  of  the  United  States  Industrial  Section. 

XV.  View  of  the  United  States  Agricultural  Machinery  Section. 

XVI.  View  of  the  French  Industrial  Section. 

XVII.  Interior  view  of  the  Thirty  Metre  Gallery. 

XVIII.  Exterior  view  of  the  Central  Dome. 

XIX.  Exterior  view  of  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts. 

XX.  View  of  veranda  or  open  promenade  adjoining  restaurants. 

XXI.  Illustrations  of  the  Decauville  Railway  System. 

XXII.  General  plan  of  the  Universal  Exposition  of  1889. 

XXIII.  Plan  of  the  Esplanade  des  Invalides. 

XXIV.  Plan  of  the  Quai  d'Orsay. 

XXV.  Plan  of  the  Champ  de  Mars  and  the  Trocadero. 

XXVI.  Panorama  of  the  Champ  de  Mars  as  seen  from  the  first  landing  of  the  Eiffel 
Tower 


v 


INTRODUCTION. 


INTRODUCTORY  LETTER  FROM  THE  SECRETARY  OF  STATE. 

To  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives: 

By  a  note  of  April  6,  1887,  the  Republic  of  France,  through  its 
minister  plenipotentiary  at  this  capital,  invited  the  Government  of 
the  United  States  to  take  part  in  an  exposition  of  works  of  art  and 
the  products  of  manufactures  and  agriculture  of  all  nations,  to  be 
held  at  Paris,  commencing  May  5,  and  closing  October  31,  1889. 

Congress,  by  joint  resolution  approved  May  10,  1888,  authorized 
the  acceptance  by  this  Government  of  the  invitation  so  courteously 
extended.  It  also  appropriated  the  sum  of  $250,000  to  defray  the 
necessary  expenses  of  the  participation  of  this  Government  in  the 
exposition,  including  the  proper  installation  of  the  exhibition,  and 
the  expenditures  of  the  Commissioner-General,  made  under  the  direc¬ 
tion  of  the  Secretary  of  State.  Section  2  of  the  joint  resolution  pro¬ 
vided  for  the  appointment  by  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice 
and  consent  of  the  Senate,  of  a  Commissioner-General  and  subordi¬ 
nate  officers  to  represent  the  United  States  in  the  proposed  exposi¬ 
tion,  and  fixed  the  allowance  accorded  to  each. 

Section  4  made  it  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  State  to  transmit  to 
Congress  a  detailed  statement  of  the  expenditures  which  may  have 
been  incurred  under  the  provisions  of  this  resolution,  together  with 
all  reports  called  for  under  section  2  of  the  same,  which  reports 
shall  be  prepared  and  arranged  with  a  view  to  concise  statement 
and  convenient  reference. 

I  now  transmit  a  copy  of  a  letter  from  the  Commissioner-General, 
dated  Hartford,  Conn.,  the  2d  instant,  forwarding  his  official  re¬ 
port  and  the  data  to  complete  Volume  I.  General  Franklin  also 
incloses  a  memorandum  showing  the  contents  of  four  other  volumes 
which  will  soon  be  ready  for  transmission  to  Congress.  The  de¬ 
tailed  statement  of  expenditures,  called  for  by  Section  4,  will  be 
transmitted  to  Congress  at  the  earliest  practicable  date. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

JAMES  G.  BLAINE. 

Department  of  State, 

Washington ,  June  9,  1890. 


VII 


JOINT  RESOLUTION  OF  CONGRESS. 


[Public  Resolution— No.  11.] 

JOINT  RESOLUTION  accepting  the  invitation  of  the  French  Republic  to  take  part  in  an  Interna¬ 
tional  Exposition  to  be  held  in  Paris  in  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-nine. 

Whereas,  the  United  States  have  been  invited  by  the  Republic  of  France  to  take 
part  in  an  exposition  of  works  of  art  and  the  products  of  manufactures  and  agri¬ 
culture  of  all  nations,  to  be  held  in  Paris,  commencing  the  fifth  day  of  May  and 
closing  the  thirty-first  day  of  October,  eighteen  hundred  and  eighty-nine:  Therefore, 

Resolved  by  the  Senate  and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United  States  of 
America  in  Congress  assembled ,  That  said  invitation  is  accepted,  and  that  the  gov¬ 
ernors  of  the  several  States  and  Territories  be  and  are  hereby  requested  to  invite 
the  people  of  their  respective  States  and  Terricories  to  assist  in  the  proper  represen¬ 
tation  of  the  productions  of  our  industry  and  of  the  natural  resources  of  the  coun¬ 
try,  and  to  take  such  further  measures  as  may  be  necessary  in  order  to  secure  to 
their  respective  States  and  Territories  the  advantages  to  be  derived  from  this  benefi¬ 
cent  undertaking. 

Sec.  2.  That  the  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
shall  appoint  a  Commissioner-General  to  represent  the  United  States  in  the  proposed 
Exposition,  and  under  the  general  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  to  make  all 
needful  rules  and  regulations  in  reference  to  the  contributions  from  this  country, 
and  to  control  the  expenditures  incident  to  the  proper  installation  and  exhibit 
thereof ;  the  pay  of  jurors,  and  the  preparation  of  the  reports  on  the  Exposition 
and  the  general  results  thereof  ;  and  an  Assistant  Commissioner-General  to  act  under 
the  direction  of  the  Commissioner-General,  who  shall  perform  the  duties  of  Com¬ 
missioner-General,  in  case  of  his  death  or  disability  ;  and  that  the  President  may 
also  appoint  as  assistants  to  the  Commissioner-General  nine  scientific  experts,  corre¬ 
sponding  to  and  specifically  assigned  to  the  nine  groups  into  which  the  Exposition 
will,  under  the  official  regulations,  be  divided  ;  that  the  allowance  to  said  Commis¬ 
sioner-General  for  salary  and  personal  expenses  shall  not  exceed  ten  thousand  dol¬ 
lars  for  his  whole  term  of  office  ;  that  the  allowance  of  said  Assistant  Commissioner- 
General  for  salary  and  personal  expenses  shall  not  exceed  five  thousand  dollars  for 
his  term  of  office  ;  and  the  allowance  of  the  nine  scientific  experts  for  salary  and  per¬ 
sonal  expenses  shall  not  exceed  fifteen  hundred  dollars  each,  not  including  such 
clerical  service  as  may  be  allowed  by  the  Commissioner-General,  which  shall  not  ex¬ 
ceed  fifteen  thousand  dollars. 

Sec.  3.  That  in  order  to  defray  the  necessary  expenses  above  authorized,  and  for 
the  proper  installation  of  the  Exhibition,  and  the  expenditures  of  the  Commissioner- 
General  made  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  and  with  his  approval, 
and  not  otherwise,  there  be  and  hereby  is  appropriated,  out  of  any  money  in  the 
Treasury  of  the  United  States  not  otherwise  appropriated,  the  sum  of  two  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  dollars,  or  so  much  thereof  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  purposes 
herein  specified,  which  sum  shall  be  expended  under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary 
of  State.  The  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  is  hereby  authorized  to  collect  and  pre- 

IX 


X 


JOINT  RESOLUTION  OF  CONGRESS. 


pare  suitable  specimens  of  the  agricultural  productions  of  the  several  States  and 
Territories  of  the  Union  for  exhibition  at  the  Paris  Exposition,  and  to  accompany 
the  same  with  a  report  respecting  such  productions,  to  be  printed  in  the  English, 
French,  and  German  languages,  the  expense  of  the  same  to  be  paid  out  of  said 
appropriation. 

Sec.  4.  That  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  Secretary  of  State  to  transmit  to  Congress 
a  detailed  statement  of  the  expenditures  which  may  have  been  incurred  under  the 
provisions  of  this  resolution,  together  with  all  reports  called  for  under  section  of 
this  resolution,  which  reports  shall  be  prepared  and  arranged  with  a  view  to  concise 
statement  and  conveinent  reference. 

Approved  May  10,  1888. 


OFFICIAL  INSTRUCTIONS  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  STATE  TO 
THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


Department  of  State, 
Washington,  July  6, 1888. 

Sir:  By  a  joint  resolution  of  Congress,  approved  May  10,  1888,  the 
United  States  accepted  the  invitation  of  the  Republic  of  France 
to  take  part  in  an  exposition  of  works  of  art  and  the  products  of 
manufactures  and  agriculture  of  all  nations,  to  be  held  in  Paris, 
commencing  the  5th  day  of  May  and  closing  the  31st  day  of  October, 
1889. 

The  resolution  further  provided  that  the  President,  by  and  with  the 
advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  should  appoint  a  Commissioner- 
General  to  represent  the  United  States  at  the  proposed  Exposition; 
and,  under  the  general  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  State,  to  make  all 
needful  rules  and  regulations  in  reference  to  the  contributions  from 
this  country,  and  to  control  the  expenditures  incident  to  the  proper 
installation  and  exhibit  thereof,  the  pay  of  jurors,  and  the  prepara¬ 
tion  of  the  reports  on  the  Exposition  and  the  general  results  thereof. 

Under  the  authority  thus  conferred,  the  President,  by  and  with 
the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate,  has  now  appointed  you  Com¬ 
missioner-General.  Your  commission  as  such,  bearing  date  June  21, 
1888,  has  already  been  delivered  to  you. 

The  resolution  further  provides  that  the  allowance  to  the  Commis¬ 
sioner-General  for  salary  and  personal  expenses  “  shall  not  exceed 
$10,000  for  his  whole  term  of  office.” 

In  view  of  the  fact  that  your  duties  will  commence  forthwith,  and 
will  continue  until  at  least  October  31, 1889,  and  for  some  time  after 
that,  you  will  receive  the  sum  of  $600  in  each  month,  and  at  the  close 
of  your  service  and  settlement  of  your  accounts  any  balance  remain¬ 
ing  of  the  $10,000  so  appropriated  may  be  allowed  you. 

The  joint  resolution  further  provides  for  the  appointment  of  an 
Assistant  Commissioner-General,  whose  duty  it  will  be  to  act  under 
your  direction  and  to  perform  your  duties  in  case  of  death  or  disa¬ 
bility.  The  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the 
Senate,  has  appointed  Mr.  Somerville  Pinkney  Tuck  to  this  office ; 
and  his  commission,  bearing  the  same  date  as  your  own,  has  been  j3er- 

xi 


XII 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OE  1889  AT  PARIS. 


sonally  delivered  to  him.  For  the  reasons  already  set  forth  in  refer¬ 
ence  to  the  allowance  to  be  made  to  yon,  I  have  decided  to  allow 
Mr.  Tnck  the  sum  of  $300  a  month,  and  at  the  close  of  his  service  he 
may  be  paid  any  balance  remaining  of  the  $5,000  appropriated. 

With  regard  to  the  term  “  personal  expenses,”  as  nsed  in  this  reso¬ 
lution,  I  am  of  opinion  that  it  is  intended  to  cover  the  ordinary 
expense  of  a  residence  abroad  during  such  period  as  may  be  neces¬ 
sary  in  the  discharge  of  yonr  duties,  and  also  the  expense  of  journey 
from  the  United  States  to  Paris  and  back  again.  It  may  be,  how¬ 
ever,  in  the  discharge  of  yonr  duties,  that  either  you  or  the  Assist¬ 
ant  Commissioner-General  will  find  it  necessary  to  make  a  special 
visit  to  Paris  in  order  to  prepare  for  the  exhibition,  or  to  receive 
information  to  enable  you  to  make  such  preparation.  The  expense 
of  such  a  journey,  in  my  opinion,  would  not  be  regarded  as  a  “per¬ 
sonal  expense  ”  of  your  own,  or  of  the  Assistant  Commissioner-Gen¬ 
eral,  and  might  properly  be  charged  among  the  other  incidental 
expenses  of  your  service. 

The  joint  resolution  further  provides  that  “the  President  may  also 
appoint  as  assistants  to  the  Commissioner-General  nine  scientific 
experts,  corresponding  to  and  specifically  assigned  to  the  nine  groups 
into  which  the  Exposition  will,  under  the  official  regulations,  be 
divided ;  *  *  *  and  the  allowance  of  the  nine  scientific 

experts  for  salary  and  personal  expenses  shall  not  exceed  $1,500  each.” 

The  duties  of  the  scientific  experts  here  referred  to  will  not  proba¬ 
bly  begin  actually  until  at  or  near  the  time  of  the  opening  of  the 
Exposition,  so  that  the  questions  whether  the  President  should  ap¬ 
point  such  experts,  and  if  so,  who  may  wisely  be  appointed  to  these 
positions,  may,  for  the  present  at  least,  be  deferred.  It  will  be  well 
for  you  to  give  your  attention  to  these  questions,  and  after  you  have 
become  familiar  with  the  demands  of  your  office  and  the  duties 
which  will  devolve  upon  such  scientific  experts,  to  report  whether 
in  your  judgment  such  experts  may  usefully  be  appointed;  and  also 
to  submit,  for  the  consideration  of  the  President,  the  names  of  any 
persons  whom  you  think  qualified  for  the  places.  You  may  also  re¬ 
port  what  allowance  in  your  judgment  should  be  made  to  them  for 
salary  and  personal  expenses,  not  to  exceed  $1,500  each. 

The  joint  resolution  further  provides  that  the  “salary  and  per¬ 
sonal  expenses”  of  the  several  officers  named  therein  shall  not  in¬ 
clude  the  expense  of  clerical  service,  but  it  limits  such  expense  to 
$15,000.  You  are  therefore  authorized  to  employ  a  secretary  or 
chief  clerk  and  such  other  clerical  assistance  as  may  seem  to  you  to 
be  needful;  and  you  may  allow  to  the  Assistant  Commissioner-Gen¬ 
eral  and  the  scientific  experts  the  services  of  such  of  these  clerks  as 
may  be  required  from  time  to  time.  But  the  total  expenditure  of 
the  Commission  for  clerical  service  must  not  in  any  event  exceed 
$15,000. 


INTRODUCTION. 


XIII 


The  appropriation  for  tlie  representation  of  the  United  States  at 
the  Paris  Exposition  is  $250,000.  Oat  of  this  amount  there  is  provi¬ 
sion  made  in  the  joint  resolution  for  certain  specific  expenses  not  to 


exceed  the  following  sums,  viz  : 

Commissioner-General .  $10, 000 

Assistant  Commissioner-General .  5,000 

Nine  scientific  experts  at  $1,500 .  13,500 

Clerical  service . . 15,000 

48, 500 

Leaving .  $206,500 


In  addition  to  these  items  for  which  definite  appropriation  was 
made  in  the  resolution,  the  Commissioner  of  Agriculture  is  author¬ 
ized  “to  collect  and  prepare  suitable  specimens  of  the  agricultural 
productions  of  the  several  States  and  Territories  of  the  Union  for 
exhibition  at  the  Paris  Exposition  and  to  accompany  the  same  with 
a  report  respecting  such  productions  *  *  *  the  expense  of  the 

same  to  be  paid  out  of  said  appropriation.  ” 

The  Department  interprets  this  clause  as  meaning  that  the  expense 
of  the  collection  and  preparation  of  such  an  exhibit  as  the  Commis¬ 
sioner  of  Agriculture  may  see  fit  to  prepare,  together  with  the  ex¬ 
pense  of  making  and  printing  a  report  in  regard  thereto,  is  to  be  paid 
out  of  the  general  appropriation  of  $250,000  ;  and  it  is  further  under¬ 
stood  that  inasmuch  as  the  expenditure  of  the  money  is  to  be  under 
the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  State  and  made  “with  his  approval 
and  not  otherwise,”  the  expenditures  so  to  be  made  by  the  Commis¬ 
sioner  of  Agriculture  shall  be  under  my  direction  and  subject  to  my 
approval.  It  will  therefore  be  proper  to  determine  in  advance  what 
amount  should  be  allotted  to  this  purpose,  with  due  regard  to  the 
interests  of  other  exhibitors,  and  you  will  at  an  early  day  consider 
and  report  the  proper  amount  for  this  purpose,  and  any  other  sug¬ 
gestions  which  you  may  think  proper  to  submit,  touching  the  agri¬ 
cultural  exhibit. 

It  will  be  well  to  specify  distinctly  what  class  of  expenses  should 
be  borne  out  of  the  sum  to  be  so  set  apart  for  the  collection  and 
preparation  of  the  exhibit  in  question  and  whether  such  sum  should 
include  the  cost  of  freight  and  installation  in  the  Exposition,  care 
and  supervision  while  there,  and  the  like. 

The  main  object  of  the  joint  resolution  was  to  authorize  the  par¬ 
ticipation  by  citizens  of  the  United  States  as  exhibitors  and  competi¬ 
tors  for  the  prizes  and  the  ulterior  advantages  of  an  extended  market, 
as  well  as  to  obtain  trustworthy  information  of  the  progress  of  the 
industrial  arts  as  shown  by  the  exhibits,  and  especially  an  intelligent 
survey  of  the  present  commercial  needs  of  European  countries  and 
the  direction  in  which  the  industrial  productions  of  the  United  States 
may  obtain  access  thereto. 


XIV 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


It  will  therefore  he  your  duty,  as  soon  as  possible,  to  take  steps 
for  making  known  the  details  and  plans  of  the  Exposition  and  for 
instructing  intending  exhibitors  with  regard  to  the  opportunities  for 
forwarding  their  goods. 

It  will  also  be  your  duty  to  receive  and  place  the  exhibits  at  Paris 
and  to  supervise  the  compilation  of  the  catalogues  wherein  the 
character  and  merits  of  the  exhibits  should  be  properly  set  forth,  to 
secure  to  the  exhibitors  a  fair  opportunity  for  competition  for  the 
prizes  which  it  is  understood  will  be  awarded;  and  to  enforce  such 
rules,  with  the  consent  of  the  local  authorities  and  general  commission 
of  the  Exposition,  as  will  insure  good  order  in  the  American  depart¬ 
ment.  When  the  Exposition  is  ended,  your  assistance  should  be 
rendered  to  the  American  exhibitors  for  the  removal  and  the  re¬ 
delivery  to  them  of  their  several  exhibits. 

You  will  also,  under  the  terms  of  the  resolution,  prepare  a  report 
upon  the  Exposition  and  the  general  results  thereof;  and  this  should 
be  accompanied  by  special  reports  of  each  of  the  scientific  experts  on 
the  matters  coming  specially  within  their  observation,  as  well  as  by 
such  other  papers  as  you  may  be  able  to  secure  relating  to  all  mat¬ 
ters  of  interest;  of  new  inventions,  of  valuable  productions,  and  the 
means  whereby  commercial  exchanges  between  the  United  States 
and  France  or  neighboring  European  countries  may  be  extended. 
All  such  reports  by  competent  persons  will  be  proper  for  submission. 

The  joint  resolution  provides  that  all  reports  submitted  by  you 
“shall  be  prepared  and  arranged  with  a  view  to  concise  statement 
and  convenient  reference.” 

The  incidental  expenses  of  your  service  may  properly  include 
freight  upon  exhibits  from  the  United  States  to  Paris  and  back  at 
the  close  of  the  Exposition,  cartage  and  porterage  upon  exhibits, 
rent  of  offices,  stationery,  and  all  printing,  postage,  telegrams,  etc.  ; 
the  expense  of  the  installation  and  removal  of  the  exhibits  from  the 
Exposition  building  and  their  proper  arrangement  and  display, 
including  the  services  of  architect,  engineers,  and  such  other  tech¬ 
nical  assistance  as  may  be  needed.  Messengers,  watchmen,  and 
laborers  may  also  be  employed  and  paid. 

These  incidental  expenses  will  be  borne  by  you  so  far  as  reasona¬ 
ble  and  necessary,  having  constant  reference  to  the  amount  appro¬ 
priated  by  Congress. 

For  domestic  letters  posted  by  you  in  the  United  States  you  are 
hereby  authorized  to  make  use  of  penalty  envelopes,  thus  avoiding 
the  expense  of  postage. 

An  itemized  account,  with  vouchers,  must  be  submitted  by  you. 

In  order  to  enable  you  to  make  payments  promptly  for  the  various 
objects  for  which  you  will  have  occasion  to  disburse  money,  it  may 
prove  convenient  for  you  to  receive  from  time  to  time  an  advance  to 
be  subsequently  accounted  for ;  and  for  this  purpose,  if  you  desire 


INTRODUCTION. 


XV 


it,  a  reasonable  sum  will  be  placed  subject  to  your  control  for  the 
purposes  and  objects  indicated  ;  and  upon  your  leaving  the  country 
to  proceed  to  Paris,  a  letter  of  credit  on  a  banking-house  in  London 
will  also  be  handed  to  you. 

In  order,  however,  to  comply  with  the  requirements  of  law,  and 
secure  the  Government  against  loss,  it  will  be  necessary,  in  case  you 
desire  an  advance  of  money,  that  you,  or  one  of  your  assistants  or 
subordinates,  should  be  designated  to  act  as  a  disbursing  officer  of 
the  United  States,  in  whose  hands  funds  may  be  placed,  and  who 
will  be  required  to  give  bond  to  the  United  States  in  double  the 
amount  advanced. 

In  disbursing  these  amounts,  and  such  other  sums  within  the 
appropriation  made  as  may  be  authorized  by  this  Department,  an 
itemized  statement  will  be  duly  prepared  under  your  direction,  and 
submitted  to  this  Department  for  its  approval  and  for  allowance.  It 
must  carefully  be  borne  in  mind  by  all  persons  connected  with  the 
representation  of  the  United  States  in  the  Paris  Exposition,  that  in 
no  event  must  the  expenses  of  the  United  States  in  this  connection 
exceed  the  sum  appropriated  by  Congress.  You  are  especially  noti¬ 
fied  that  no  obligations  are  authorized  which  shall  involve  other  or 
greater  liabilities  than  those  within  the  intent  and  meaning  of  your 
instructions;  and  all  proper  expenses  should  be  met  by  cash  pay¬ 
ments. 

This  Department  will  address  to  the  governor  of  each  State  and 
Territory  an  official  notification  in  the  language  of  the  resolution  of 
Congress  ;  and  the  heads  of  the  several  Departments  will  be  con¬ 
sulted  as  to  the  possibility  of  official  co-operation. 

All  replies  received  to  these  communications  will  be  transmitted 
to  you. 

You  will  make  monthly  reports  to  the  Department  of  your  ex¬ 
penses,  and  from  time  to  time  you  will  report  any  official  acts  in  con¬ 
nection  with  the  Exposition  which  will  serve  to  keep  the  Depart¬ 
ment  advised  of  your  operations. 

Your  communications  should  be  numbered  consecutively  for  con¬ 
venience  of  reference  and  for  the  files. 

In  conclusion  I  have  pleasure  in  expressing  my  confidence  that  you 
will  spare  no  effort  to  make  the  exhibit  of  the  United  States  in  the 
Paris  Exposition  creditable  and  productive  of  useful  results  to  both 
countries. 

I  am,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

T.  F.  BAYARD. 

General  William  B.  Franklin, 

Washington,  D .  C. 


CIRCULAR  LETTER  OF  THE  SECRETARY  OF  STATE  TO  GOV¬ 
ERNORS  OF  STATES  AND  TERRITORIES. 


Department  of  State, 
Washington .  July  3,  1888. 

Sir:  By  a  joint  resolution  of  Congress,  approved  May  10,  1888,  tlie 
Government  of  the  United  States  accepted  the  invitation  of  the  Re¬ 
public  of  France  to  take  part  in  an  exposition  of  works  of  art  and 
the  products  of  the  manufactures  and  agriculture  of  all  nations,  to 
be  held  in  Paris,  commencing  the  5th  day  of  May  and  closing  the  31st 
day  of  October,  1889. 

I  have  the  honor  to  inclose  herewith  copies  of  the  joint  resolution 
referred  to,  and  in  accordance  with  its  terms  I  would  request  you, 
by  such  methods  as  you  may  deem  most  suitable,  to  notify  the  peo¬ 
ple  of  your  State  to  assist  in  the  proper  representation  of  the  produc¬ 
tions  of  our  industry  and  of  the  national  resources  of  our  country. 
I  would  also  suggest  that  you  take  such  further  measures  as  may 
be  necessary  in  order  to  secure  to  your  State  the  advantages  to  be 
derived  from  this  beneficent  undertaking. 

The  President,  by  and  with  the  advice  and  consent  of  the  Senate, 
has  appointed  General  William  B.  Franklin  as  Commissioner-Gen¬ 
eral  to  the  Paris  Exposition,  and  the  office  of  the  commission  is  now 
established  at  No.  35  Wall  street,  New  York  City. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

T.  F.  B  AWARD. 

The  Governor  of - . 

(Inclosure:  Public  Resolution  No.  11,  approved  May  10,  1888.) 

A  copy  of  this  circular,  with  the  necessary  copy  of  inclosure,  was 
sent  to  each  of  the  States  and  Territories. 


XVII 


LETTER  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL  WITH  ESTIMATE  OF 
EXPENDITURE  OF  APPROPRIATION  FOR  EXPOSITION. 


Office  of  the  United  States  Commission 

to  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1889, 

No.  1  Broadivay,  New  York  City,  N.  Y,  December  27,  1888. 

Sir:  I  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of  the  19th  inst.,  re¬ 
lating  to  Mr.  McLane’s  dispatch  of  the  same  date  recommending  a 
largely  increased  appropriation  for  the  French  Exposition  of  1889, 
and  asking  for  a  general  estimate  of  the  amounts  to  he  devoted  to 
the  objects  of  the  Exposition  authorized  by  my  instructions  of  July 
6,  1888. 


I  inclose  the  general  estimate  required.  I  have  felt  from  the 
beginning  that  one  of  the  most  important  of  my  duties,  if  not  the 
most  important,  is  to  keep  the  expenditures  of  the  commission 
within  the  appropriation.  I  have  therefore  taken  little  interest  in 
attempts  to  get  additional  appropriation,  although  I  think  that  had 
authority  been  given  ns  to  spend  the  balance  remaining  over  from 
the  appropriations  for  the  Cincinnati  Exposition,  as  recommended 
by  the  State  Department  upon  my  suggestion,  the  American  depart¬ 
ment  of  the  Exposition  would  have  been  more  interesting  on  account 
of  the  presence  of  the  Government  exhibits.  But  I  have  no  expecta¬ 
tion  that  the  money  will  be  given. 

I  shall  spare  no  efforts  to  keep  the  expenditures  under  the  appro¬ 
priation  for  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1889  within  the  amount  appro¬ 
priated. 

Respectfully  yours, 

W.  B.  FRANKLIN, 

Commissioner-  General. 

Hon.  T.  P.  Bayard, 

Secretary  of  State,  Washington,  D.  C. 


Estimate  of  expenditure  of  the  $250,000  appropriated  for  the  Paris  Exposition 

of  1889. 


Salaries  and  clerk  hire  mentioned  in  the  act .  $43,500 

To  be  expended  in  the  United  States  for  the  agricultural  exhibit .  38, 000 

Expenses  of  New  York  office .  7,  500 

Expenses  of  Paris  office .  5, 500 

Postage,  express,  telegrams,  etc .  1,000 


xix 


XX 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


For  the  preparation  of  space  in  the  various  buildings,  installation  of  ex¬ 
hibits,  and  general  expenses  of  each  group,  as  follows: 

Art  group,  including  boxing  and  partial  insurance .  7,500 

Education,  Group  2 .  7,500 

Industrial,  Groups  3,  4,  and  5 .  9,000 

Machinery,  Group  6 .  8,000 

Agricultural,  horticultural,  and  food  products,  Groups  7,  8,  and  9 .  5,000 

Government  exhibit .  5,000 

Freight .  45,000 

Stationery .  2,500 

Advertising .  2,000 

Watchmen  and  guards  at  the  Exposition .  10,000 

Engineer,  superintendents  of  sections,  skilled  labor,  and  extra  clerk  hire. . .  12, 000 

Jurors .  12,000 

Preparation  of  report  .  10,  000 

Amount  remaining  for  incidental  and  extraordinary  expenses  not  above 

enumerated .  19,000 


250, 000 


LETTER  FROM  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


Office  of  the  United  States  Commissioner-General, 

Paris  Exposition  of  1889, 

Hartford,  Conn.,  June  2,  1890. 

Sir  :  I  forward  herewith  my  official  report  as  United  States  Com¬ 
missioner-General  to  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1889,  which  is  accom¬ 
panied  by  supplementary  reports  and  various  appendices  enumerated 
in  the  inclosed  table  of  contents,  the  whole  forming  Volume  I. 

I  submit  herewith  a  memorandum  statement  as  to  the  four  other 
volumes,  showing  the  number  of  articles,  their  titles  and  authors, 
and  the  estimated  extent  of  each  volume.  Nearly  the  whole  of  the 
experts’  reports  are  in,  and  those  still  in  preparation  will  be  in  my 
possession  by  the  end  of  the  current  month.  While  all  of  these  re¬ 
ports  are  of  interest,  those  still  incomplete  are  of  special  interest,  and 
the  delay  has  been  unavoidable.  The  estimate  of  number  of  pages, 
etc.,  is  as  nearly  correct  as  it  can  be  made. 

I  respectfully  suggest  that  the  information  furnished  in  the  accom¬ 
panying  schedule,  compared  and  considered  with  the  matter  for 
Volume  I  as  to  character,  scope,  etc.,  will  enable  the  Public  Printer 
to  form  an  intelligent  and  early  estimate  as  to  the  cost  of  printing, 
etc.,  to  aid  the  action  of  the  Committee  on  Printing. 

Respectfully  yours, 


W.  B.  Franklin, 

Commissioner-  General. 


Hon.  James  G.  Blaine, 

Secretary  of  State. 


CONTENTS  OF  VOLUME  II. 


Fine  Arts . 

Education  and  Liberal  Arts . 

Technical  Instruction . 

Photographic  Apparatus,  etc . 

Optical  Instruments,  etc . . 

Instruments  of  Precision,  Meteorology 

Furniture  and  Accessories . 

Textile  Fabrics,  etc . 


Gen.  Rush  C.  Hawkins. 
Prof.  A.  J.  Stace. 

Prof.  C.  Wellman  Parks. 
Prof.  S.  B.  Newbury. 
Charles  S.  Hastings. 

A.  L.  Rotch. 

David  Urquhart.  jr. 

Prof.  William  H.  Chandler, 


XXI 


XXII 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


CONTENTS  OF  VOLUME  II — continued. 


Wearing  Apparel  and  Accessories  ...... 

Jewelry,  etc . . 

Products  of  Mining  and  Metallurgy 

Fiber  Culture  and  Machinery . 

Chemical  and  Pharmaceutical  Products 

Chemical  Laboratories . 

Preservation  of  Wood . 

Hygiene,  Public  Charities,  etc. . . 


A.  Van  Bergen. 

George  F.  Kunz. 

Prof.  William  H.  Chandler. 
Charles  R.  Dodge. 

Prof.  S.  B.  Newbury. 

Prof.  William  H.  Chandler  . 
Prof.  William  H.  Chandler. 
Prof.  William  H.  Chandler. 


CONTENTS  OF  VOLUME  III. 


General  Review  of  Group  VI  and  of  the  different 

classes  it  includes  . .  Prof.  Charles  B.  Richards. 

General  Mechanics .  Prof.  Charles  B.  Richards. 

Apparatus  and  Methods  of  Mining  and  Metallurgy .  Henry  M.  Howe. 

Machine  Tools .  Prof.  John  H.  Barr. 

Knitting  and  Embroidering  Machines . J.  M.  Merrow. 

Manufacture  of  Brick  and  Tiles .  H.  D.  Woods. 

Railway  Plant.  .  . . .  Prof.  Lewis  M.  Haupt. 

Civil  Engineering,  Public  Works,  and  Architec¬ 
ture  .  Prof.  William  Watson. 

CONTENTS  OF  VOLUME  IV. 


Electricity .  Carl  Hering. 

Military  and  Life-Saving  Material  .  Capt.  D.  A.  Lyle. 

Alimentary  Products . A.  Howard  Clark. 

Fermented  Drinks . . .  Charles  M.  Leoser. 

Horticulture . . .  David  King. 


CONTENTS  OF  VOLUME  V. 


Agriculture,  Cultivation  of  the  Vine,  etc .  Prof.  Charles  V.  Riley. 

Agricultural  Exhibit  and  Agricultural  Products 

of  the  United  States .  Prof.  Charles  V.  Riley  and  other 

experts  of  the  Department  of 
Agriculture. 


I 


Paris  Exposition  of  1889. 


Plate  VII 


MEDAL. 

(Diameter  of  all  medals  63  millimeters=  2.48  inches.) 


Plate  VIII. 


REPtJBlSQUE  franqaise 

p  MINISTERS  DU  COMMERCE  DE  L'INDUSTRJE  ET  DES  COLONIES 

EXPOSITION  IJNIVERSELLE  DE  1339 

IE  JURY  INTERNATIONAL  OES  RECOMPENSES 

ViCETRJifE  VJ’{  V1VIOME  TOE 


diploma. 

(Original  16.75x  21.50  inches.) 


REPORT 


OF 

THECOMMISSIONER  -  GENERAL. 


Office  of  the  United  States  Commissioner-General, 

Hartford ,  Conn .,  June  2,  1890. 

Sir:  I  respectfully  make  the  following*  report  upon  the  Paris 
Exposition  of  1889,  and  the  results  thereof,  as  required  by  the 
joint  resolution  of  Congress  approved  May  10,  1888,  and 
more  distinctly  specified  in  the  instructions  of  the  Secretary 
of  State,  dated  July  6,  1888. 

The  Paris  Exposition  of  1889  was  instituted  by  the  French 
Republic  on  November  8,  1884.  The  decrees  authorizing  it 
fixed  the  days  of  opening  and  closing  as  May  5  and  October 
31,  1889,  so  that  the  duration  of  the  Exposition  was  to  be  the 
same  as  that  of  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1878.  The  dates  of 
opening  and  closing  were  afterwards  made  May  6  and  Novem¬ 
ber  6,  1889.  Preliminary  work  was  at  once  started,  and  a 
commission  was  organized  under  the  presidency  of  Mr.  A. 
Proust,  Minister  of  Instruction  and  Fine  Arts.  On  March  14, 
1885,  this  commission  reported  that  the  approaching  Exposi¬ 
tion  will  give  a  resume  of  the  progress  of  enfranchised  labor 
from  1789,  an  economic  as  well  as  political  starting-point, 
through  the  century  that  has  elapsed.  All  nations  are  invited 
to  an  examination  of  the  present  economic  situation. 

The  work  of  the  Exposition  really  began,  however,  in  the 
early  months  of  1886.  In  March,  1886,  it  was  determined  that 
the  whole  cost  should  not  exceed  $8,600,000,  and  that  of  this 
sum  the  French  Government  should  contribute  $3,400,000,  the 
city  of  Paris  $1,600,000,  and  the  remainder  should  be  raised 

by  a  guaranty  association  to  which  the  proceeds  of  the  sale  of 

i 


2 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


tickets  at  1  franc  (20  cents)  each  were  hypothecated  for  the 
sum  of  $3,600,000.  In  July,  1886,  the  Minister  of  Commerce 
was  made  Commissioner-General  of  the  Exposition,  Messrs. 
Alpliand,  Berger,  and  Grison  were  made  Directors-General, 
respectively,  of  Works,  Management,  and  Finance,  thus  plac¬ 
ing  it  under  the  fostering  care  of  a  department  of  the  Govern¬ 
ment,  and  securing  the  best  technical,  administrative,  and 
financial  abilities  in  France  for  the  Exposition.  From  this  time 
its  success  was  assured,  and  until  the  opening  of  the  Exposition 
nothing  interrupted  the  distinguished  ability  and  energy  with 
which  every  detail  of  the  work  was  done. 

ORGANIZATION. 

In  August  and  September,  1886,  committees  were  formed  by 
direction  of  the  Commissioner-General  in  all  of  the  departments 
of  France,  assisted  by  sub-committees  in  the  various  cities  and 
towns.  The  prefects  and  sub-prefects  were  the  presiding  offi¬ 
cers  of  the  committees,  and  the  members  were  the  principal 
manufacturers  of  the  districts  and  other  noted  persons,  presi¬ 
dents  of  scientific  and  social  societies,  etc.  These  committees 
were  required  to  do  everything  in  their  power  to  make  the 
Exposition  known  to  persons  likely  to  exhibit,  and  to  induce 
manufacturers,  museums,  art  galleries,  and  scientific  and  social 
societies  to  apply  for  space.  Blanks  for  application  and  all 
printed  instructions  to  facilitate  the  preliminary  work  of  exhib¬ 
itors  were  furnished. 

The  applications  for  space  were  referred  to  committees  ap¬ 
pointed  by  the  Commissioner-General,  whose  duties  were  to 
allot  the  space  for  exhibits  and  prepare  the  plans  for  installa¬ 
tion,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Exposition  administration. 
There  was  one  committee  for  each  class,  and  the  members 
were  selected  from  men  known  to  be  well  versed  in  everything 
connected  with  the  class  to  which  they  were  appointed.  There 
were  also  nine  group  committees  and  a  committee  of  revision. 
These  committees  were  selected  from  men  eminent  in  everv 

J 

department  of  the  fine  arts  and  industrial  arts,  and  the  revision 
committee  retained  its  position  until  the  end  of  the  Exposition, 
its  members  being  ex  officio  members  of  the  superior  jury  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


3 


recompenses.  These  last  two  committees  acted  as  courts  of 
appeal  from  the  decisions  of  the  class  committees.  The  result 
of  all  this  organization  was  that  all  questions  that  could  arise 
among  exhibitors  were  finally  settled  before  the  opening  of  the 
Exposition,  and  the  work  of  installation  was  made  compara¬ 
tively  easy  to  the  administration,  avoiding  all  friction  and 
undue  haste. 

On  April  6,  1887,  Mr.  Th.  Roustan,  minister  to  the  United 
States  from  the  French  Republic,  informed  the  Secretary  of 
State  of  the  United  States  that  the  Exposition  would  be  held, 
and  that  he  was  instructed  by  his  Government  to  invite  the 
co-operation  of  the  United  States.  It  may  be  noticed  that  this 
letter  is  dated  about  one  month  after  the  adjournment  of  Con¬ 
gress,  so  that  nothing  could  be  done  to  accept  the  invitation 
thus  conveyed  until  after  the  meeting  of  the  next  Congress  in 
December,  1887,  and  much  valuable  time  was  thus  lost. 

On  April  13,  1887,  Mr.  Bayard,  Secretary  of  State,  acknowl¬ 
edged  the  receipt  of  Mr.  Roustan’s  letter,  and  informed  him 
that  the  matter  would  be  brought  to  the  attention  of  Congress 
at  its  next  session,  and  on  January  12,  1888,  the  President  of 
the  United  States  referred  the  matter  to  the  attention  of  Con¬ 
gress,  transmitting  Mr.  Bayard’s  report  and  recommendations. 
On  May  12,  1888,  the  act  accepting  the  invitation  of  the  French 
Republic  was  approved,  more  than  one  year  after  it  was  given. 
This  act,  after  accepting  the  invitation,  requested  the  govern¬ 
ors  of  the  States  and  Territories  to  invite  their  people  to  as¬ 
sist  in  the  proper  representation  of  the  products  of  our  indus¬ 
try,  and  other  national  resources,  and  to  take  other  necessary 
measures  to  secure  to  them  the  advantages  to  be  derived  from 
“this  beneficent  undertaking.” 

It  directed  the  President  to  appoint  a  Commissioner-Gen¬ 
eral  and  an  assistant,  and  defined  their  duties.  It  authorized 
him  to  appoint  nine  scientific  experts  as  assistants  to  the  Com¬ 
missioner-General,  who  should  be  assigned  to  the  nine  groups 
into  which  the  Exposition  was  officially  divided,  and  should 
make  reports  thereon,  and  fixed  the  compensation  of  all  these 
officials.  It  appropriated  $250,000  to  defray  all  expenses  con¬ 
nected  with  the  Exposition,  to  be  expended  under  the  Secre- 


4 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


tary  of  State.  It  also  authorized  the  Commissioner  of  Agri¬ 
culture  to  collect  and  prepare  an  exhibit  of  the  agricultural 
products  of  the  United  States  for  the  Exposition,  with  a  report 
to  be  printed  in  English,  French,  and  German,  and  finally  di¬ 
rected  that  all  reports  of  the  Exposition,  and  a  detailed  state¬ 
ment  of  the  expenditures,  should  be  transmitted  to  Congress. 

Under  this  act,  on  June  21,  1888,  the  undersigned  was  ap¬ 
pointed  Conmpssioner- General,  and  Mr.  S.  P.  Tuck,  Assistant 
Commissioner-General.  Detailed  instructions  for  the  guidance 
of  the  Commissioner-General  were  made,  dated  July  6,  1889, 
and  immediately  afterwards  the  duties  of  preparing  the  exhibit 
for  the  Exposition  were  begun. 

A  circular  letter  to  the  governors  of  the  States  and  Terri¬ 
tories,  calling  their  attention  to  the  law  and  to  the  invitation 
extended  to  their  peoples,  was  written  by  the  Secretary  of 
State.  The  result,  however,  was  discouraging.  F ew  responses 
were  made  to  this  letter,  and  with  one  or  two  small  exceptions 
no  State  or  Territory  made  any  exhibits  ;  but  many  of  them 
appointed  commissioners  from  their  States  to  the  Exposition. 
Under  the  authority  for  appointing  such  clerical  assistance  as 
might  be  required,  a  secretary,  Mr.  A.  Bailly-Blanchard,  of 
New  Orleans,  was  appointed  at  once.  He  was  at  this  time 
resident  in  Paris,  and  immediately  placed  himself  in  communi¬ 
cation  there  with  the  Exposition  authorities,  applied  for  and 
obtained  space  for  the  exhibit  of  the  United  States,  and  the 
documents,  such  as  regulations,  drawings,  etc.,  necessary  to 
guide  us  in  making  ready  for  the  Exposition,  by  designating  the 
places  and  the  areas  that  were  to  be  occupied  by  the  United 
States  exhibit,  thus  enabling  us  to  assign  the  proper  spaces  to 
the  various  exhibits.  Mr.  W.  C.  Gunnell,  civil  engineer  of 
New  York,  was  appointed  the  chief  engineer  of  the  United 
States  exhibit,  and  he  had  charge  of  the  distribution  of  the 
spaces  to  be  allotted  to  the  various  exhibitors,  of  the  correspond¬ 
ence  with  them,  of  the  determination  of  the  amount  of  steam- 
power  required  to  work  the  various  machines  in  the  exhibits, 
and,  in  general,  of  all  the  details  connected  with  the  setting 
up  and  care  of  the  exhibits  during  the  Exposition.  He  tilled 
a  similar  position  in  the  French  Exposition  of  1867,  and  his 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


5 


experience  and  industry  were  of  the  greatest  value  to  the  United 
States  exhibit. 

An  office  was  at  once  opened  in  the  city  of  New  York,  and 
the  work  of  advertising,  collecting,  and  distributing  information, 
answering  inquiries,  printing  and  distributing  blanks,  sending 
persons  to  induce  manufacturers  to  make  exhibits,  and"  in  some 
cases,  to  procure  exhibits  by  purchase  when  they  could  be 
obtained  in  no  other  way,  was  commenced,  and  was  kept  up 
without  intermission  in  New  York  until  the  exhibits  were  col¬ 
lected  and  shipped  to  Havre. 

There  was  also  a  brisk  correspondence  held  with  the  secre¬ 
tary  in  Paris,  who  was  our  only  means  of  communication  with 
the  Exposition  authorities.  Through  him,  with  the  powerful 
aid  of  Mr.  McLane,  the  minister  of  the  United  States,  we  ob¬ 
tained  an  important  addition  to  our  space  in  the  Palace  of  Ma¬ 
chines,  and  were  authorized  to  use  engines  made  in  the  United 
States  to  give  the  motive  power  to  our  machines  of  all  kinds 
exhibited  in  the  Palace  of  Machines.  The  French  Exposition 
authorities  had  made  a  contract  with  English  and  French 
houses,  not  only  to  deliver  all  steam  that  would  be  required  for 
engines  to  run  the  various  machines  exhibited  which  required 
power,  but  also  for  the  engines  themselves,  thus  throwing  out 
all  engines  manufactured  in  the  United  States  from  opportunity 
of  working  their  own  exhibit.  This  contract  was  modified  by 
the  French  authorities  after  a  long  correspondence,  so  that  the 
United  States  exhibit  was  worked  entirely  by  engines  built  in 
the  United  States. 

All  regulations  necessary  for  the  full  understanding  of  the 
duties  and  rights  of  the  United  States  as  an  invited  guest  at  the 
Exposition,  the  drawings  and  other  information  to  enable  the 
employes  of  the  United  States  to  place  and  set  up  the  exhibits, 
the  arrangements  made  with  transportation  companies,  in  fact, 
everything  that  was  required  to  make  our  work  easy,  were 
transmitted  as  early  as  was  possible  under  the  circumstances. 

COLLECTION  AND  SHIPMENT  OF  EXHIBITS. 

During  the  summer  of  1888,  a  large  Centennial  Exposition 
was  held  in  Cincinnati.  It  was  well  endowed  by  the  United 


6 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


States,  and  many  persons  and  firms  who  would  have  been 
likely  to  make  exhibits  in  Paris  in  1889  exhibited  there,  and 
considered  it  extravagant  to  make  another  exhibit  less  than  one 
year  thereafter.  An  International  Exposition  was  also  in 
progress  in  Brussels  at  the  same  time.  The  citizens  of  the 
United  States  who  exhibited  there  were,  in  general,  adverse  to 
the  longer  stay  abroad  required  by  the  Exposition  of  1889. 

The  presidential  campaign  went  on  during  the  same  period,, 
and  the  interest  taken  in  it  absorbed  the  attention  of  business 
men  to  the  exclusion  of  nearly  everything  else.  Then,  too, 
there  was  a  suspicion — unfounded,  it  is  true — that  there  was  a 
certain  instability  in  the  existing  state  of  politics  in  the  French 
Republic,  which  might  cause  great  excitement  in  Paris  before 
the  close  of  the  Exposition,  and  embarrass  foreign  exhibitors. 
Midsummer  is  a  bad  time  of  the  year  to  begin  the  collection 
of  an  exhibit  for  an  Exposition.  The  heads  of  firms  and  com¬ 
panies  are,  in  general,  taking  vacations,  and  prefer  to  postpone 
business  questions  until  fall. 

For  these  reasons  the  work  of  collecting-  exhibits  during-  the 
summer  was  slow  and  unsatisfactory,  and  few  applications  were 
made  before  October  and  November.  But  immediately  after 
the  presidential  election,  applications  for  space  came  in  vigor¬ 
ously,  and  by  the  end  of  November  they  covered  more  than 
all  of  the  space  which  the  United  States  could  possibly  obtain 
in  the  Exposition,  and  the  work  of  apportioning  the  space  to 
the  satisfaction  of  exhibitors  and  arranging  for  the  proper  and 
timely  shipment  of  the  exhibits  was  begun,  and  continued  with¬ 
out  hinderance  to  the  end.  The  30th  of  November  was  the 
latest  date  at  which  applications  for  space  could  be  received, 
as  the  interval  between  that  date  and  that  when  the  exhibits 
would  be  received  at  the  Exposition,  was  necessary  for  the 
proper  allotment  of  the  space,  and  the  reception  and  transmit¬ 
tal  of  the  exhibits  to  Paris. 

Arrangements  were  made  with  the  French  General  Trans- 
Atlantic  Company  for  the  shipment  of  the  exhibits  to  Paris  via 
Havre,  this  company  giving  to  them  the  benefit  of  the  special 
rates,  not  only  of  its  own  line,  but  of  the  railroad  lines  from 
Havre  to  the  Exposition  grounds  in  Paris. 


REPOET  OF  THE  COMMiSSIONER-GENERAL. 


7 


The  collection  of  the  Art  Exhibit  from  the  United  States 
(Group  I)  was  under  the  direction  of  General  Rush  C.  Haw¬ 
kins,  of  New  York,  known  as  a  connoisseur  in  art,  the  assist¬ 
ant  commissioner  expert  assigned  to  Group  I.  He,  with  my 
authority  formed  a  committee  of  seventeen  artists  nominated 
by  the  leading  art  societies  of  the  United  States,  and  with 
their  assistance  selected  those  paintings  and  other  works  of 
art  which  complied  with  the  requirements  of  the  French 
authorities  and  were  considered  worthy  of  exhibition  as  speci¬ 
mens  of  the  arts  in  the  United  States.  This  collection  was 
supplemented  by  another  made  from  paintings  and  sculpture 
of  artists,  citizens  of  the  United  States,  residing  abroad,  and 
exercising  their  art  there.  The  leading-  artists  among*  these 
had  formed  a  committee  of  artists  in  Paris,  the  duty  of  which 
was  to  look  after  the  interests  of  the  United  States  art  exhib¬ 
itors  at  the  Exposition,  residing  in  Europe,  and  to  do  what 
w^as  in  its  power  to  make  the  exhibit  creditable  to  the  United 
States.  General  Hawkins  arrived  in  Paris  to  organize  the  ex- 
hibit  in  March,  1889,  and  immediately  obtained  the  assistance 
of  the  committee.  With  its  advice  the  collection  of  the  United 
States  works  of  art  executed  abroad  was  made,  thus  complet¬ 
ing  the  exhibit. 

The  exhibits  in  Groups  II  to  VII,  inclusive,  were  collected 
and  organized  in  the  office  in  New  York  under  Mr.  Tuck, 
assistant  commissioner-general,  and  Mr.  Gunnell,  chief  engi¬ 
neer,  assisted  by  Prof.  W.  C.  Blake,  Prof.  C.  Wellman  Parks, 
Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute  of  Troy,  N.  Y.,  and  Mr.  T. 
R.  Pickering.  The  assistant  commissioner  experts  of  these 
groups  were  all  engaged  in  their  own  private  work  until  just 
before  the  opening  of  the  Exposition.  All  of  them  were  pro¬ 
fessors  in  universities,  except  Mr.  A.  Howard  Clark,  of  Boston, 
who  was  a  technical  assistant  of  the  Smithsonianlnstitution. 
All  were  technically  well  informed  on  the  groups  to  which 
they  were  assigned  by  the  law. 

The  collection  of  the  exhibit  of  Group  VIII  was  by  the  law 
assigned  to  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  Hon.  Norman  J. 
Coleman,  secretary.  He  assigned  one  of  the  experts  of  that 
department,  Prof.  C.  V.  Riley,  to  the  work.  Professor  Riley 


8 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


was  appointed  assistant  commissioner  expert  for  that  group. 
He  conducted  the  collection  and  organization  with  great  skill, 
and  was  ably  assisted  by  other  experts  attached  to  the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture.  The  result  was  an  agricultural  exhibit 
second  to  none  at  the  Exposition  in  variety  and  interest.  Its 
size  was  small  for  obvious  reasons. 

The  reports  required  by  the  law  on  the  agriculture  of  the 
United  States  were  prepared  by  experts  belonging  to  the  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture.  They  were  translated  into  French  at 
Paris,  and  thousands  were  distributed  from  the  exhibit,  and  the 
greatest  interest  was  shown  in  them.  It  was  impossible  to  have 
them  translated  and  printed  in  German  in  Paris,  and  none 
could  have  been  circulated  there  had  they  been  printed  in 
German.  A  number  of  copies  of  the  French  translation  were 
sent  to  the  minister  of  the  United  States  at  Berlin,  and  were 
distributed  by  him  to  the  German  agricultural  officials. 

In  Group  IX  the  United  States  had  a  very  small  exhibit. 
The  principal  work,  therefore,  of  the  expert  assistant  commis¬ 
sioner  of  this  group  was  the  preparation  of  the  report  on  the 
state  of  the  art  of  horticulture,  as  shown  by  the  Exposition. 

EXPOSITION  GROUNDS  AND  BUILDINGS. 

The  grounds  of  the  Exposition  were  the  Champ  de  Mars, 
containing  128  acres ;  the  Trocadero  garden,  on  the  other  side 
of  the  Seine,  containing  42  acres  ;  the  Esplanade  des  Invalides, 
containing  38  acres;  and  the  Quai  d’Orsay,  from  the  Champ  de 
Mars  to  the  Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs,  containing  about  20 
acres — in  all  228  acres.  In  the  Champ  de  Mars,  which  was 
the  controlling  feature  of  the  Exposition,  were  placed  the  ex¬ 
hibits  of  the  fine  arts,  the  liberal  arts,  the  divers  industrial  ex¬ 
hibits,  and  the  machines ;  in  the  Trocadero,  horticulture ;  on 
the  Quai  d’Orsay,  agriculture  and  agricultural  machines  and 
alimentary  products ;  in  the  Esplanade  des  Invalides,  exposi¬ 
tions  of  the  War  Department  and  schools  and  of  the  colonies 
and  countries  under  the  protection  of  France. 

The  plan  of  the  Exposition  buildings  on  the  Champ  de 
Mars  resembles  the  Roman  capital  E.  The  broad  vertical 
member  represents  the  Palace  of  Machines  and  the  building  for 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


9 


French  industrial  products  close  to  it.  The  length  of  these 
buildings  takes  up  the  whole  breadth  of  the  Champ  de  Mars. 
The  upper  horizontal  member  contains  the  foreign  exhibits  and 
the  French  Exhibit  of  the  Liberal  Arts.  The  lowest  horizontal 
member  also  contains  foreign  exhibits,  and  the  exhibit  of  the 
Fine  Arts.  The  short  middle  member  is  the  nave  of  the  in¬ 
dustrial  building,  and  at  its  extremity  is  its  main  dome.  The 
details  can  only  be  properly  shown  in  the  plans  and  in  expert 
reports. 

OPENING  OF  THE  EXPOSITION. 

By  Monday,  May  6,  the  date  of  the  formal  opening  of  the 
Exposition,  the  whole  of  the  United  States  Exhibit,  with  some 
insignificant  exceptions.,  was  in  place.  Much,  however,  re¬ 
mained  to  be  done  in  the  other  sections,  French  as  well  as 
foreign. 

At  the  ceremony  of  the  opening,  the  grand  central  dome  was 
filled  with  seats  occupied  by  the  senators  and  members  of  the 
Chamber  of  Deputies  of  France,  by  its  judges,  high  officers  of 
the  army  and  navy,  the  members  of  the  diplomatic  corps,  and 
the  commissioners-general  of  the  exhibiting  nations,  and  their 
assistants.  In  the  upper  galleries,  the  ladies  who  were  invited 
to  the  ceremony  were  seated. 

The  President  of  the  Republic,  Mr.  Carnot,  arrived  at  the  des¬ 
ignated  hour,  two  o’clock.  He  was  escorted  by  troops,  saluted 
with  twenty-one  guns,  and  on  his  entrance  to  the  tribune  in 
the  dome  was  greeted  with  the  Marseillaise,  sung  by  men’s 
voices  and  accompanied  by  a  military  band.  Mr.  Tirard,  prime 
minister,  and  Commissioner-General  of  the  Exposition,  received 
him,  and  read  an  address.  In  it  he  recited  the  difficulties  that 
had  been  overcome  in  bringing  the  Exposition  to  so  triumphant 
a  beginning.  He  continued: 

Although  this  munificent  result  exceeds  all  hopes,  there  is  nothing 
in  it  that  should  astonish  us;  progress  never  goes  slow  ;  new  gener¬ 
ations  constantly  replace  forces  which  are  exhausted  or  have  disap¬ 
peared  ;  science — sovereign  power  of  our  century — does  not  stop  the 
course  of  its  contests,  every  day  it  penetrates  farther  into  the  secrets 
of  nature  ;  steam  and  electricity  have  already  revolutionized  the  eco¬ 
nomic  order  of  the  universe, — who  can  tell  the  prodigies  and  surprises 


10 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


they  still  hold  for  ns  and  our  descendants  ?  Inventions,  discover¬ 
ies,  improvements  succeed  each  other  with  stunning  rapidity;  nothing 
can  resist  this  enormous  push  forward ;  mills,  work-shops,  factories, 
stimulated  by  competition,  encouraged  by  success,  undergo  constant 
transformations,  upon  which  we  can  congratulate  ourselves,  since 
the  result  is  an  abundance  of  things  necessary  for  life,  the  lessening 
of  their  prices,  and  consequently  the  increase  of  the  general  welfare. 

After  reciting  the  obligations  of  agriculture  to  science,  con¬ 
gratulating  the  French  artists  on  their  progress,  thanking  the 
foreign  commissioners  and  the  representatives  of  the  French 
colonies,  he  ended  by  saying : 

Let  us  receive  and  joyfully  entertain  the  foreigners  who  are  al¬ 
ready  crowding  here;  let  us  prove  to  them  that  Republican  France 
is  hospitable  and  generous;  that  she  loves  and  honors  the  workmen  of 
all  nations,  and  sees  in  them,  not  rivals  of  whom  she  is  jealous,  but 
fellow- workmen  who  labor  with  her  for  the  happiness  of  humanity 
and  the  peace  of  the  world. 

The  answer  of  the  President  of  the  Republic  was  able  and 
dignified.  In  the  course  of  his  speech  he  said  : 

To-day  France  glorifies  the  dawn  of  a  great  century  which  has 
opened  a  new  era  in  the  history  of  mankind.  To-day  we  contem¬ 
plate,  in  its  brilliancy  and  in  its  splendor,  the  work  born  of  this  cen¬ 
tury  of  labor  and  of  progress.  We  salute  the  workmen  of  the  whole 
world,  who  have  brought  here  the  fruits  of  their  labors  and  the  pro¬ 
ductions  of  their  genius.  WTe  tender  a  friendly  hand  to  all  those 
who  are  our  fellow-laborers  in  the  work  of  peace  and  concord,  to 
which  we  have  invited  the  nations.  We  welcome  the  visitors  who, 
from  all  points  of  the  compass,  within  and  outside  of  our  frontiers, 
are  already  flocking,  without  regard  to  distance,  to  take  part  in  our 
fetes.  They  will  find  here  a  hospitable  land,  a  city  happy  to  receive 
them,  and  they  will  learn  the  value  of  calumnies  dictated  by  blind 
passions  upon  which  even  respect  for  the  country  could  not  impose 
silence.  Our  dear  France  is  worthy  of  attracting  to  her  the  chosen 
of  the  peoples.  She  has  the  right  to  be  proud  of  herself  and  to  cele¬ 
brate  with  head  erect  the  economic  centenary,  as  also  the  political 
centenary,  of  1889. 

After  speaking  of  the  enormous  strength  of  France,  her  in¬ 
exhaustible  riches,  the  benefits  of  liberty,  he  said  that  he  wished 
•  in  time  to  see  the  fruit  of  human  labor  devoted  exclusively  to 
the  arts  of  peace,  and  after  congratulating  and  thanking  the 
engineers,  architects,  builders,  and  their  fellow-workmen  for 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


11 


the  faithfulness  and  science  that  they  had  shown  in  their  work, 
he  ended : 

And  now,  gentlemen,  we  are  going  to  visit  together  the  treasures 
which  the  world  has  accumulated  in  these  palaces  and  these  gardens, 
giving  to  our  country  so  splendid  a  testimony  of  confidence  and  sym¬ 
pathy.  After  having  again  wished  a  cordial  welcome  to  the  guests 
of  France,  I  declare  the  Exposition  of  1889  open. 

During  these  ceremonies  an  enormous  and  very  enthusiastic 
crowd  had  gathered,  rendering  progress  slow  and  difficult,  but 
the  President,  accompanied  by  a  brilliant  following,  went  over 
all  important  parts  of  the  Exposition.  When  he  arrived  at  any 
foreign  exhibit  he  was  received  by  its  commissioner-general 
and  his  staff,  and  in  the  case  of  the  United  States  Exhibit — in 
which  he  spent  more  time  than  he  did  in  any  foreign  exhibit — 
he  was  also  received  by  the  detachment  of  Marines,  which 
formed  an  efficient  barrier  to  the  crowd.  In  the  evening  the 
grand  dome  of  the  Exposition,  the  Eiffel  Tower,  and  the  build¬ 
ings  of  the  Trocade'ro  were  illuminated  with  thousands  of  gas- 
lights,  giving  a  magnificent  specimen  of  an  art  in  which  the 
French  are  unequalled.  The  illumination  lasted  until  about 
11  p.  m.,  when  it  was  extinguished,  and  the  crowd  dispersed. 
Thus  ended  a  day  which  by  its  great  success  alone  would  have 
assured  the  future  triumph  of  the  Exposition,  had  such  assur¬ 
ance  been  necessary. 


OFFICIAL  CATALOGUE. 

During  the  month  of  May  the  Exposition  was  finally  com¬ 
pleted.  The  Official  Catalogue  of  the  United  States  was  fin¬ 
ished  and  printed  during  the  month.  This  work  had  been 
commenced  in  New  York  by  Mr.  Tuck,  Assistant  Commissioner- 
Greneral,  assisted  by  Professor  Blake.  It  was  completed  in 
Paris,  with  the  able  assistance  of  Mr.  A.  Howard  Clark,  who 
devoted  much  intelligent  labor  and  time  to  it.  The  u  Informa¬ 
tion  for  the  Jury  ”  was  collected  and  translated  for  the  exhib¬ 
itors  and  made  ready  for  the  juries.  This  work  was  in  no 
respect  one  of  the  duties  of  the  Commission  and  should  have 
been  done  by  the  exhibitors,  but  in  a  great  many  instances  the 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


12 

mere  fact  that  the  article  was  exhibited  and  its  name  placed  in 
the  catalogue  was  considered  sufficient. 

o 

This  was  a  serious  omission,  and  had  it  not  been  made  good 
by  the  Commission  would  have  been  the  cause  of  vital  dam¬ 
age  to  the  United  States  Exhibit  in  the  matter  of  awards. 
Without  this  information  the  juries  would  have  been  unable  to 
make  any  serious  examination  of  the  exhibits,  and  the  articles 
would  have  been  considered  out  of  competition.  With  all 
important  French  and  foreign  exhibits,  except  those  of  the 
United  States,  the  exhibitors  had  at  their  own  cost  prepared 
printed  or  lithographed  accounts  of  their  exhibits  and  of  the 
works  at  which  they  were  made,  translated  into  French  and 
accompanied  by  blue  prints  or  engraved  illustrations,  giving, 
too,  the  names  of  the  principal  workmen  who  had  been  en¬ 
gaged  in  getting  up  the  exhibit.  This  list  of  names  was  im¬ 
portant,  as  the  juries  awarded  medals  in  many  instances  to 
the  persons  named,  showing  their  appreciation  of  the  skill  and 
industry  exercised  by  these  workmen. 

In  any  international  exposition  hereafter,  no  exhibit  should 
be  received,  or  in  any  event  be  considered  complete,  unless 
it  be  accompanied  by  a  detailed  description  of  the  articles 
exhibited,  with  an  account  of  the  works,  their  size,  number 
of  persons  employed,  etc.,  and  a  list  of  persons  who,  in  the 
opinion  of  the  exhibitors,  are  worthy  of  commendation  for 
their  work  in  the  manufacture  or  display  of  the  exhibits. 
Blanks  had  been  prepared  and  furnished  to  the  exhibitors  for 
the  easy  transmission  of  such  information,  but  in  many  cases 
no  notice  was  taken  of  them.  The  whole  force  of  the  office 
was  engaged  for  a  full  month  in  supplying  this  information 
and  translating  it  for  the  use  of  the  juries.  Many  exhibitors, 
after  seeing  their  exhibits  installed,  considered  their  work  over, 
and  left  them  in  the  hands  of  subordinates,  who,  in  general, 
took  little  interest  in  them.  It  was,  therefore,  the  more  neces- 
sary  that  this  “information”  should  be  in  the  possession  of  the 
juries.  The  Official  Catalogue,  which  is  appended  to  this 
report,  gives  an  accurate  list  of  the  persons  and  corporations, 
and  departments  and  bureaus  of  the  United  States  Govern¬ 
ment  that  made  exhibits.  Its  examination  will  demonstrate 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


13 


that  the  exhibit  in  general  was  very  creditable,  and  that  in 
particular  the  machinery  and  agricultural  exhibits  did  honor  to 
the  country.  As  for  the  electrical  exhibits,  including  the  tele¬ 
phone,  phonograph,  and  graphophone,  they  far  excelled  any¬ 
thing  similar  at  the  Exposition;  in  fact,  they  may  be  said  to 
have  been  unique.  The  United  States  Section  received  high 
praise  from  the  President  of  the  French  Republic,  the  minis¬ 
ters  who  visited  the  Exposition  officially,  and  from  the  jurors. 
The  general  appreciation  of  it  is  shown  by  the  long  list  of 
prizes,  a  large  proportion  of  which  were  high  ones,  awarded 
by  the  juries.  This  list  is  appended  to  this  report. 

JURIES. 

The  most  important  duty  of  the  Commissioner-Geneial  in 
Paris  was  that  connected  with  the  selection  of  the  jurors  al¬ 
lotted  to  the  United  States,  and  the  proper  submission  of  the 
objects  exhibited  to  the  juries  for  their  investigation.  The 
total  number  of  the  titular  class  jurors,  French  and  foreign, 
was  fixed  at  one  thousand,  and  that  of  the  supplemental  jurors 
at  three  hundred  and  thirty-three.  These  numbers  were  slight- 
ly  increased  afterwards.  The  titular  jurors  had  votes,  but 
the  supplemental  jurors  were  not  allowed  to  vote  except  where 
the  titular  jurors  were  absent,  when  the  supplemental  jurors 
took  their  places.  The  number  of  titular  jurors  assigned  to 
any  nation,  and  to  each  branch  of  art  or  industry,  was  de¬ 
pendent  upon  the  number  of  exhibitors  and  the  importance  of 
the  exhibits.  The  number  of  supplemental  jurors  allowed 
was  about  one-third  of  the  number  of  titular  jurors. 

T1  le  exhibit  of  the  United  States  was  allowed  sixty  jurors, 
forty-four  of  whom  were  titular  and  sixteen  supplemental. 
The  French  jurors  of  both  kinds  were  nominated  by  presi¬ 
dential  decree  on  the  proposition  of  the  Commissioner-General, 
Mr.  Tirard.  They  were  selected  from  the  citizens  of  France 
.most  distinguished  in  the  specialties  which  they  were  to  ex¬ 
amine,  and  from  those  who  had  obtained  high  recompenses  in 
the  international  expositions  which  had  been  held  previously. 

The  foreign  jurors  were  designated  by  the  commission  of 
the  country  represented.  In  the  case  of  the  United  States,  it 


14 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


was  impossible  to  select  the  jurors  in  the  United  States.  It 
was  not  known  until  after  the  opening'  of  the  Exposition  how 
many  United  States  jurors  would  be  allowed,  and  until  the 
number  was  known  it  was  impossible  to  determine  to  what 
classes  they  should  be  assigned,  the  number  of  titular  jurors 
allowed  being  about  one-half  the  number  of  classes  to  be  in¬ 
vestigated.  It  was  necessary,  therefore,  to  utilize  all  members 
and  employes  of  the  United  States  Commission  who  had  any 
technical  knowledge,  and  who  could  be  spared  from  their 
ordinary  duties.  Some  State  commissioners  served,  also  a 
very  few  persons  of  technical  knowledge  came  from  the 
United  States  to  serve,  and  the  remainder  were  selected  from 
citizens  of  the  United  States  resident  in  Paris,  whose  occupa¬ 
tions  were  likely  to  have  given  them  the  required  technical 
knowledge.  The  Commissioner-General  was  authorized  by  the 
law  to  determine  the  pay  of  the  jurors;  but  to  have  paid  any¬ 
thing  commensurate  with  the  labor  and  time  required  by  a 
juror  who  did  his  duty  would  have  absorbed  at  least  one- 
fourth  of  the  appropriation  for  the  whole  United  States  Sec¬ 
tion.  It  was  impossible,  therefore,  to  hold  out  the  induce¬ 
ments  necessary  to  take  able  men  from  their  work  at  home  to 
come  to  Paris  to  undertake  a  long  and  tedious  work  among 
strangers,  the  deliberations  and  business  being  carried  on  in  a 
language  with  which  people  in  the  United  States  are  not  gen¬ 
erally  conversant. 

Each  jury  was  allowed  to  call  experts  to  its  assistance,  with 
the  consent  of  the  Commissioner-General. 

No  exhibitor  could  serve  on  a  jury  unless  his  exhibit  was 
considered  out  of  competition. 

The  recompenses  to  be  awarded  by  the  juries  were  the  fol¬ 
lowing  : 

Diploma  of  grand  prize. 

Diploma  of  gold  medal. 

Diploma  of  silver  medal. 

Diploma  of  bronze  medal. 

Diploma  of  honorable  mention. 

The  class  juries  were  organized  on  the  12th  of  June  in  a 
meeting  held  at  the  Trocadero  under  the  presidency  of  the 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


15 


Commissioner  General,  and  explanations  were  then  made  and 
instructions  given  by  Mr.  Berger,  the  Director-General  of  Man¬ 
agement.  Each  jury  at  its  first  meeting  chose  a  president, 
vice-president,  a  reporter  and  a  secretary.  The  president  and 
vice-president  were  to  be,  one  French,  the  other  foreign,  and 
eight  vice-presidents  were  chosen  from  the  jurors  of  the  United 
States.  The  office  of  reporter  is  not  used  with  us.  His  duties 
seem  to  be  to  keep  such  a  record  of  what  is  being  done 
that  no  time  shall  be  lost  in  determining  the  next  business, 
and  his  record  will  always  give  to  the  members  of  the  jury  in¬ 
formation  of  the  state  of  the  work.  He  is  the  journalist  of 
the  jury,  and  to  that  degree  performs  the  work  that  is  done  by 

a  secretary  with  us. 

«/ 

The  juries  began  work  at  once.  They  worked  steadily  at 
all  available  hours,  until  everything  exhibited  for  competition 
was  examined.  I  have  never  seen  such  honest,  conscientious, 
hard  work  as  was  done  by  this  larye  number  of  distinguished 

J  o  O 

men,  who  served  without  pay.  Their  reward  was  the  apprecia¬ 
tion  by  their  countrymen  and  foreign  exhibitors  of  their  dis¬ 
interested  labors,  and  the  consciousness — which  they  have  a 
right  to  hold — that  no  body  of  men  ever  performed  a  delicate 
and  laborious  task  with  more  industry,  with  greater  ability, 
and  witli  a  better  sense  of  justice  to  all.  Their  work  was 
finished  by  the  25th  of  July.  At  this  date  the  group  juries 
met.  These  juries  were  composed  of  the  presidents,  vice- 
presidents,  and  reporters  of  the  class  jurors.  Each  group  jury 
had  a  president,  vice-president,  and  reporter,  who  were  named 
by  presidential  decree  on  the  nomination  of  the  Commissioner- 
General,  except  in  Group  I,  whose  officers  were  nominated 
by  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction  and  Fine  Arts.  Three 
vice-presidents  of  group  juries  were  taken  from  citizens  of  the 
United  States.  It  was  the  duty  of  these  juries  to  go  over  the 
awards  made  by  the  class  juries,  and  make  such  changes  in  the 
number  and  grades  of  awards  as  they  thought  proper.  When 
the  result  of  the  work  of  any  class  jury  was  before  the  group 
jury,  the  members  of  the  class  jury  had  a  right  to  be  present 
and  to  be  heard. 

The  deliberations  of  the  group  juries  were  finished  in  the 


16 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


early  part  of  August.  The  superior  jury  met  on  August  26. 
Its  honorary  president  was  the  Commissioner-General,  and  the 
honorary  vice-presidents  were  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction 
and  Fine  Arts  and  the  Minister  of  Agriculture.  It  was  com- 
pjped  of  eighty  members,  forty  French  and  forty  foreign.  The 
French  members  were  the  principal  officers  of  the  Exposition, 
the  members  of  the  superior  committee  of  revision,  the  presi¬ 
dents  and  vice-presidents  of  the  group  juries,  the  president  of 
the  special  jury  on  social  economy,  the  chiefs  of  cabinets  of 
the  Commissioner-General,  and  of  the  Ministers  of  Instruction 
and  Fine  Arts  and  of  Agriculture.  The  foreign  members  were 
the  commissioners-general  of  countries  which  had  more  than 
five  hundred  exhibitors.  The  United  States,  therefore,  had 
four  members  of  this  jury,  but  only  three  were  present,  the 
fourth  having  been  obliged  to  return  to  the  United  States  after 
the  first  meeting  of  the  jury.  It  was  the  duty  of  this  jury  to 
examine  the  findings  of  the  group  juries,  and  finally,  and  as  a 
court  of  last  resort,  to  determine  the  lists  in  each  class  in  the 
order  of  merit  of  the  recompenses  which  should  be  awarded  to 
exhibitors.  The  first  meeting  of  the  jury  was  opened  with  a 
speech  from  the  Commissioner-General,  supplemented  by  a  re¬ 
port  from  Mr.  Berger,  Director-General  of  Management.  The 
jury  was  too  large  to  act  as  a  unit,  and  a  sub-commission  (com¬ 
mittee)  of  twenty-five  members  of  the  jury,  composed  of  the 
best  artistic,  economic,  agricultural,  and  technical  talent  of 
France,  with  some  foreigners,  was  formed,  to  which  the  whole 
subject  was  referred,  and  the  jury  adjourned  to  await  their 
action.  Two  citizens  of  the  United  States  were  members  of 
this  committee.  It  was  understood  that  the  report  of  this  com¬ 
mittee  would  be  acted  upon  by  the  superior  jury  as  a  unit,  and 
such  was  its  action. 

The  foreign  commissioners-general  had  the  right  to  be 
present  at  any  meeting  of  this  committee  when  the  interests  of 
their  exhibitors  were  involved  in  the  discussions.  Each  group 
from  I  to  IX  was  taken  up  in  numerical  order,  and  reports 
were  made  by  the  presidents,  or  other  officers  of  the  group 
juries,  giving  the  lists  of  recompenses  recommended,  and  re¬ 
citing  the  complaints  of  exhibitors  which  had  been  made  in 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


17 


writing.  Then  any  foreign  commissioner-general,  or  some  one 
appointed  by  him,  could  state  complaints  verbally,  and  after 
the  investigation  considered  necessary  by  the  committee,  the 
decision  was  made.  In  cases  in  which  the  group  and  class 
juries  agreed  upon  a  particular  award,  the  question  was  con¬ 
sidered  closed.  These  reports  embodied  the  final  action  of  the 
group  juries  as  to  awards  to  be  made,  and  were  discussed  fully 
by  the  committee.  The  discussions  were  able,  as  may  be  in¬ 
ferred  from  the  composition  of  the  committee.  As  was  stated 
by  Mr.  Berger,  Director-General  of  Management: 

Had  it  been  possible  to  place  in  permanent  form  the  elevated  sen¬ 
timents  that  were  exchanged,  to  describe  the  great  industrial,  eco¬ 
nomic,  and  artistic  questions  that  were  treated  in  the  course  of  the 
discussion,  with  wonderful  breadth,  the  Exposition  would  leave  after 
it  one  document  more  to  attest  the  value  of  the  men  who  have  figured 
in  its  juries. 

The  report  of  this  committee  was  made  to  the  jury  on  Sep¬ 
tember  11.  After  a  short  discussion  it  was  unanimously 
adopted  by  the  superior  jury.  A  report  from  Mr.  Berger  gives 
a  succinct  account  of  the  work  of  the  committee.  A  transla¬ 
tion  of  it  is  appended. 

PUBLICATION  OF  AWARDS. 

The  number  of  recompenses  of  all  degrees  awarded  was 
33,138.  This  enormous  list  was  immediately  classified  and 
printed,  and  was  ready  by  September  29,  the  date  of  the  formal 
publication  of  the  awards.  This  ceremony,  which  was  attended 
with  great  dignity,  took  place  in  the  Palais  de  lTndustrie,  in 
the  large  apartment  that  takes  up  the  whole  ground  floor.  The 
magnificent  room  was  highly  ornamented  with  tapestries  and 
banners  arranged  with  exquisite  skill,  and  was  filled  by  fifteen 
thousand  persons,  men  and  women,  seated,  well  dressed,  and  in 
general  connected  in  some  way  with  the  Exposition.  The 
south  end  of  the  room  was  taken  up  by  an  ascending  stage, 
upon  which  were  displayed  the  standards  of  France  and  her 
colonies,  supported  by  natives  in  their  national  dress,  and  to 
these  were  afterwards  added  the  standards  of  the  foreign 
nations  that  took  part  in  the  Exposition,  supported  by  their 
H.  Ex.  410 - 2 


18 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


guardians.  This  arrangement  formed  a  magnificent  tableau 
vivant,  and  the  best  artistic  and  architectural  skill  at  the  com¬ 
mand  of  the  Exposition  contributed  to  its  success.  On  the 
right  of  the  stage  was  a  large  tribune,  in  which  were  seated 
the  President  and  cabinet,  and  near  them  were  Madame 
Carnot  and  other  ladies.  In  front  of  the  President  were  seats 
for  senators,  deputies,  judges,  members  of  the  Institute,  and 
other  officials,  all  of  which  were  well  filled  by  persons  in 
official  dress.  From  the  end  of  the  room  opposite  the  stage, 
a  grand  stairway  descended  to  the  floor,  and  from  the  top  of 
the  stairway  the  procession  appeared,  moving  towards  the 
President.  This  was  made  up,  first  of  the  commissioners- 
general  and  their  staffs  and  assistants  of  the  foreign  nations, 
in  alphabetical  order,  escorted  by  their  guardians,  all  in  full 
dress.  They  made  a  brilliant  show,  and  the  fine  appearance 
of  the  marine  detachment  caused  the  United  States  procession 
to  be  received  with  a  great  burst  of  enthusiasm.  Second 
were  specimens  of  French  soldiers,  of  marines  and  sailors, 
representing  the  war  and  navy  departments.  Third  came  the 
representatives  of  the  nine  groups  into  which  the  Exposition 
was  divided,  with  characteristic  banners  representing  artistic  and 
industrial  France.  Then  came  the  representatives  of  the  colo¬ 
nies,  and  last  of  all,  the  members  of  the  Institute  of  Fine  Arts. 

As  each  commission  came  in  front  of  the  President,  its 
standards  were  lowered  and  its  members  saluted  him.  The 
guardians  with  the  standards  moved  on  to  the  stage  and  took 
positions  previously  designated  by  the  architect,  thus  helping 
to  make  up  the  brilliant  display  of  all  nations  shown  on  the 
stage.  The  members  of  the  commissions  took  seats  that  had 
been  assigned  to  them.  During  the  passage  of  the  procession, 
brilliant  music  was  played  by  a  band,  and  the  air  seemed  filled 
with  banners  and  standards  and  flags  lighted  up  with  gold  and 
brilliant  colors.  The  procession  was  a  grand  artistic  success. 

As  soon  as  the  procession  had  passed,  the  President  arose 
and  made  a  short  and  excellent  speech.  He  called  attention 
to  the  fact  that,  five  months  before,  he  had  opened  the  Exposi¬ 
tion,  and  had  welcomed  the  guests  of  France,  exhibitors  and 
visitors,  to  her  hospitality.  He  now  thanked  them  for  their 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL.  19 

valuable  help,  which  had  in  so  great  a  degree  contributed  to 
the  success  of  the  Exposition.  He  continued: 

The  splendors  of  modern  art  and  industry  have  not  only  grati¬ 
fied  the  eyes  of  visitors :  they  lead  to  study,  they  solicit  compari¬ 
sons,  they  excite  ideas,  they  disseminate  germs  of  progress  in  the 
world  of  labor,  they  engender  fruitful  efforts  for  improving  the 
means  of  production.  Thus  the  Exposition  of  1889  will  perpetuate 
itself.  It  will  bear  other  fruits  no  less  precious,  by  popularizing  the 
latest  conquests  of  industrial  mechanics,  the  fittest  processes  for 
guaranteeing  the  safety  of  the  workmen  and  the  healthfulness  of 
the  shop,  by  calling  attention  to  the  methods  of  instruction  in  all 
countries,  above  all  to  the  methods  of  technical  instruction,  insepara¬ 
ble  from  the  liberty  of  labor. 

The  Exposition  has  not  been  merely  an  exhibition  of  things :  it 
has  been  an  exhibition  of  ideas.  The  international  congresses,  to 
which  eminent  men  of  all  countries  have  contributed  their  ideas 
upon  science,  art,  letters,  economic  and  social  questions,  will  leave 
the  most  precious  documents.  An  entire  group  of  the  Exposition, 
specially  devoted  to  social  economy,  has  collected  priceless  treas¬ 
ures  of  information  upon  production  and  the  methods  of  making  it 
easier.  Here  has  been  shown  the  glorification  of  the  work  of  1789, 
the  emancipation  of  industry,  and  a  complete  picture  of  one  of  the 
greatest  economic  and  social  revolutions  of  humanity.  Such  rich¬ 
ness,  gentlemen,  will  form  a  mine  precious  to  explore  at  this  time, 
when  more  than  ever  the  study  of  all  questions  relating  to  work,  to 
production,  to  credit,  to  association,  and  to  savings  is  upon  us  ;  now, 
when  the  examination  and  defense  of  our  commercial  interests  re¬ 
quire,  equally,  vigilance  and  coolness,  at  the  very  moment  when 
patriotism,  with  peace  within  and  without,  with  agreement  among 
our  citizens,  demands  a  practical  and  productive  policy.  If  the  Ex¬ 
position  of  1889  opens  to  our  country  this  era  of  pacification  and 
work,  it  will  have  borne  the  fruits  that  patriots  expect  of  it.  Its 
benefits  will  not  stop  at  our  frontiers.  The  guests  whom  France 
has  welcomed  with  joy,  and  from  whom  she  will  not  part  without 
regret,  will  have  learned  to  know  her.  The  enlightened  opinions 
that  they  will  have,  the  feelings  with  which  they  will  return  to  their 
own  countries,  cannot  be  without  effect  upon  the  relations  between 
the  peoples.  The  policy  to  which  France  is  faithful  will  have  found 
new  defenders,  and  the  Exposition  of  1889  will  have  again  served 
the  great  cause  of  peace  and  humanity. 

The  President  was  followed  by  Mr.  Tirard,  president  of  the 
Council,  Minister  of  Commerce  and  of  Industry,  Commissioner- 
General  of  the  Exposition.  He  referred  to  the  pride  which  all 
Frenchmen  justly  felt  on  account  of  the  signal  success  of  the 


20 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Exposition,  to  the  badly  founded  fears  of  failure  to  which 
superficial  political  agitation  had  given  rise,  to  the  appro¬ 
priateness  of  the  date  of  the  opening  of  the  Exposition — 

Placing  in  relief  the  enormous  and  constant  progress  realized  in 
all  branches  of  human  activity  since  that  memorable  epoch  which 
saw  ancient  privileges,  the  oppression  and  abasement  of  the  people, 
disappear,  to  give  place  to  the  emancipation  of  labor,  to  free  prop¬ 
erty  in  the  soil,  to  the  right  of  all  citizens  to  hold  public  office,  to 
civil  equality,  and  to  the  obligations  of  all  to  the  law.  This  coin¬ 
cidence  of  the  celebration  of  the  centennial  of  the  Revolution  of 
1789  with  a  great  international  exposition  is  not  then,  as  seems 
to  have  been  believed,  a  sterile  political  manifestation,  but  is  really 
the  demonstration  of  the  power  and  vitality  of  a  free  nation,  which, 
faithful  to  the  traditions  of  its  race,  is  constantly  laboring  to 
ameliorate  the  lot  of  the  citizens  who  compose  it.  In  fact,  the  ex¬ 
positions  of  the  present  day  are  not  what  they  were  at  their  origin, 
enormous  markets,  having  no  other  object  than  a  trade  in  merchan¬ 
dise  :  these  expositions — and  that  which  now  occupies  us,  abundantly 
proves  it — have  a  more  extended  and  higher  range.  They  show,  not 
only  new  or  improved  products,  new  inventions  or  discoveries,  but 
also  efforts,  attempted  or  successful,  which  have  for  their  object  the 
increase  of  general  well-being. 

He  then  gave  a  general  sketch  of  the  various  exhibits  of  all 
kinds,  laying  particular  stress  upon  the  great  improvement  in 
technical  or  professional  education  of  young  men  and  young 
women  who  wish  to  learn  trades.  “  To  properly  appre¬ 
ciate  the  advantages  of  public  and  private  technical  schools 
(which  are  often  in  truth  but  preparations  for  apprenticeships) 
it  must  be  remembered  what  apprenticeships  really  were  form¬ 
erly,  and  we  must  gratefully  admire  the  founders  and  instruct¬ 
ors  of  these  schools,  who  devote  their  time  and  their  money 
to  works  now  justly  considered  as  indispensable  to  the  pros¬ 
perity  of  industry.”  He  thanked  the  juries  for  their  faithful, 
zealous,  and  able  work.  He  stated  that  the  number  of  exhibi¬ 
tors  exceeded  60,000 ;  that  the  group  juries  granted  32,468 
recompenses,  and  that  the  superior  jury  raised  the  number  to 
32,949,  distributed  thus  : 


Diplomas  of  grand  prizes .  903 

Diplomas  of  gold  medals  .  5, 153 

Diplomas  of  silver  medals .  9,  600 

Diplomas  of  bronze  medals .  9,  323 

Diplomas  of  honorable  mention . .  8, 070 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


21 


Besides,  5,500  medals  of  various  kinds  were  awarded  to 
u  collaborators,”  workmen  who  were  noted  for  skill  and  ability 
and  faithfulness  in  the  work-shops  in  which  the  exhibits  were 
prepared.  He  also  stated  that,  as  every  exhibit  had  merit,  it 
was  proposed  to  present  to  all  exhibitors  not  mentioned  in  the 
above  lists  commemorative  medals.  He  then  cordially  thanked 
all  persons  connected  with  the  Exposition,  whether  as  officers, 
or  exhibitors,  or  foreign  commissioners,  for  their  valuable  as¬ 
sistance  in  making  a  success  of  the  Exposition.  He  ended 
as  follows : 

We  shall  wisely  and  resolutely  continue  the  work  of  1889  without 
permitting  the  constantly  recurring  exactions  of  new  ideals  to  weary 
and  discourage  us.  We  will  remember  that  the  social  reforms  dimly 
seen  by  our  fathers,  and  whose  outcome  we  realize,  are  obtained 
neither  by  surprise  nor  by  violence,  and  that  to  produce  sure  and 
durable  results,  they  must  be  patiently  and  progressively  attained. 
Thus,  gentlemen,  will  France  continue  its  ascending  march  in  the 
direction  of  progress  and  civilization,  with  the  worship  of  liberty, 
with  the  love  of  labor,  which  is  to-day  the  master  of  the  world. 

After  Mr.  Tirard  had  finished,  Mr.  Berger,  the  Director- 
General  of  Management,  read  the  names  of  those  who  had  re¬ 
ceived  grand  prizes,  and  the  printed  copies  of  the  lists  of 
awards  were  presented  to  the  representatives  of  the  nine 
groups.  Then,  after  music,  the  assembly  dispersed. 

It  was  the  design  of  the  Exposition  authorities  to  show  that 
the  republic  of  to-day,  without  aid  from  royalty,  could  make 
as  impressive  a  final  display  as  any  that  had  been  made  pre¬ 
viously  at  any  other  exposition.  Its  success  was  signal,  and 
all  who  were  present  at  the  distribution  of  awards — which 
may  be  considered  the  closing  ceremony  of  the  Exposition — - 
came  away  convinced  that  they  had  never  witnessed  a  more 
dignified,  more  impressive,  or  more  beautiful  spectacle. 

PACKING  OF  EXHIBITS. 

After  the  publication  of  the  awards  the  official  connection 
between  the  French  administration  and  foreign  commissions 
virtually  ceased.  The  Exposition  went  on  as  usual  during 
October  and  up  to  the  6th  of  November,  when  it  was  quietly 
closed  without  any  ceremony.  The  work  of  demolition  and 


22 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


of  taking*  down  and  packing  exhibits  began  on  the  next  day, 
and  in  an  incredibly  short  time  the  beautiful  halls  of  the  Ex¬ 
position  buildings  became  scenes  of,  apparently,  dire  confu¬ 
sion.  But  as  the  goods  were  gradually  packed  and  removed 
order  soon  sprang  up  again,  and  by  November  30  everything 
was  ready  for  shipment.  But  the  shipment  was  a  tedious  and 
difficult  work.  The  French  custom-house  authorities  insisted 
upon  placing  leaden  seals  on  each  package  to  avoid  danger  of 
fraud,  and  exacted  formal  declarations  covering  each  exhibit. 
The  time  required  to  comply  with  these  regulations  caused  our 
shipments  to  extend  over  a  space  of  three  weeks  longer  than 
would  have  been  necessary  had  our  official  labels  been  con¬ 
sidered  sufficient  guaranty  of  good  faith. 

CONGRESSES. 

No  less  than  seventy  international  congresses  sat  at  Paris 
between  the  12th  of  June  and  the  close  of  the  Exposition. 
The  list  which  is  herewith  given  shows  the  great  variety  of 
subjects  which  were  discussed.  Although  the  honorable 
Secretary  of  State  and  myself  were  asked  to  designate  persons 
from  the  United  States  to  sit  in  these  congresses,  we  had  little 
success  in  getting  them.  A  few  came  from  the  United  States 
to  attend  them,  but  they  were  not  detailed  officially,  and  there 
was  no  official  record  of  them  at  the  office  of  the  United  States 
Commission.  Several  persons  connected  with  the  Commission 
were,  however,  designated  and  did  attend.  The  sessions  only 
lasted  for  three  or  four  days,  and  the  proceedings  were  in  gem 
eral  laid  out  beforehand,  and  there  was  not  much  original  dis¬ 
cussion.  But  nearly  all  subjects  interesting  to  scientific  men 
and  students  of  economic,  hygienic,  and  social  science  were 
touched  upon,  and  the  journals  of  the  congresses,  which  will 
be  published  hereafter,  will  doubtless  be  of  great  value  to  all 
interested  in  the  subjects. 

GENERAL  DEPARTMENTS  OF  THE  EXPOSITION. 

An  international  exposition  of  the  present  day  may  be  nat¬ 
urally  separated  into  three  departments: 

(1)  The  industrial  department  which  may  be  considered 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


23 


an  enormous  collection  of  advertisements.  The  goods  are 
there  displayed  to  show  their  merits,  their  advantages  over  the 
same  classes  of  goods  in  their  own  and  foreign  countries,  and 
the  exhibit  is  arranged  to  catch  the  eye  of  the  visitor,  as  the 
show  windows  of  shops  are  ornamented  to  attract  those  pass¬ 
ing  in  the  street. 

There  would  be  little  inducement  for  manufacturers  to  make 
exhibits  unless  they  expected  to  increase  their  sales  by  them. 
The  fact  that  the  exhibits  were  in  general  so  fine  in  the  Expo¬ 
sition  of  1889  is  good  evidence  that  manufacturers  have  reaped 
benefits  from  former  expositions.  Nevertheless,  there  is  a  cer¬ 
tain  sameness,  almost  amounting  to  monotony,  in  industrial 
exhibits  of  ordinary  fabrics  and  machines  in  all  expositions. 

(2)  The  instructive  department.  The  exhibits  in  the  Ex¬ 
position  of  1889  which  were  intended  to  throw  light  upon  sub¬ 
jects  for  study,  like  those  of  the  history  of  work,  the  history  of 
human  habitations,  social  science,  the  exhibits  from  the  various 
official  departments,  that  of  the  city  of  Paris,  and  many  others 
too  numerous  to  mention,  exceeded  in  their  variety,  the  skill 
of  their  arrangement,  the  scientific,  technical,  and  historic 
knowledge  shown  in  the  descriptive  catalogues,  anything  of  a 
similar  kind  that  has  ever  been  shown  in  any  exposition.  A 
visitor  interested  in  any  of  the  subjects  treated,  who  would 
make  a  thorough  examination  of  the  exhibit  of  his  subject, 
would  obtain  a  fund  of  information  that  would  amply  reward 
him  for  the  time  taken,  and  which  he  could  get  nowhere  else 
in  as  compact  a  shape. 

A  short  resume  of  the  history  of  work  has  been  prepared 
by  Col.  Wickham  Hoffman.  It  is  appended  to  this  report. 
The  same  gentleman  has  also  translated  information  on  the 
Social  Science  Exhibit,  which  may  almost  be  considered  a  newly 
discovered  group.  It  was  arranged  in  fifteen  classes,  under 
the  direction  of  Mr.  Leon  Say,  the  president  of  the  jury  of  the 
new  group,  whose  distinguished  reputation  as  a  social  scientist 
is  well  borne  out  by  the  great  success  of  the  exhibit.  This 
translation  is  also  appended  to  this  report. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  exhibits  in  the  history  of  labor 
is  contained  in  the  war  department  building  on  the  Esplanade 


24 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


des  Invalides,  It  is  a  collection  of  armor  and  arms  belonging 
to  Mr.  William  H.  Riggs,  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  resi¬ 
dent  in  Paris,  and  is  one  of  the  most  complete,  if  not  the  most 
complete,  private  collection  of  the  kind  in  existence.  It  brings 
the  history  of  armor  down  from  the  first  use  of  metallic  armor 
until  it  was  discarded,  and  of  arms  from  bows  and  cross-bows 
to  modern  fire-arms.  Mr.  Riggs  has  spent  many  years  and  an 
enormous  amount  of  money  in  bringing  the  collection  to  its 
present  state  of  perfection.  There  are  many  objects  in  it,  too, 
of  great  historic  interest,  all,  however,  belonging  to  the  sub¬ 
ject  of  armor  and  arms.  It  is  very  large,  and  although  the 
room  in  which  it  was  contained  was  at  least  sixty  by  forty  feet, 
and  was  well  filled,  only  about  two-thirds  of  the  collection 
could  be  exhibited  for  want  of  space.  Unfortunately,  Mr. 
Riggs  was  unable  to  catalogue  the  collection  on  account  of 
serious  illness,  so  that  it  is  only  mentioned  in  the  French  offi¬ 
cial  catalogue  without  any  description. 

The  subject  is  mentioned  here  because  it  is  the  intention  of 
Mr.  Riggs  to  present  the  whole  collection,  without  exception, 
to  the  National  Museum  at  Washington,  provided  the  United 
States  will  furnish  a  fireproof  building  for  it,  with  means  for 
its  care  and  preservation,  and  call  it  the  Elisha  W.  Riggs  Col¬ 
lection  ;  this  was  the  name  of  his  father,  who  was  a  citizen 
of  the  District  of  Columbia.  He  was  too  ill  to  attend  to  the 
business  of  making  the  conditional  transfer  to  the  authorities 
of  the  National  Museum,  who  were  in  Paris  during  the  sum¬ 
mer  ready  to  do  all  that  could  legally  be  done  in  the  matter. 
It  lias  been  estimated  by  experts  in  such  matters  that  the  col¬ 
lection  could  not  be  duplicated  at  a  cost  of  less  than  one  mil¬ 
lion  dollars,  and  some  of  the  historical  pieces  could  not  be  re¬ 
placed  at  any  price.  If,  therefore,  Congress  would  authorize 
some  one  connected  with  the  National  Museum  to  negotiate 
with  Mr.  Riggs,  committing  the  United  States  to  comply  with 
his  modest  requests  upon  proper  presentation  to  the  United 
States,  these  extremely  valuable  and  artistic  relics  would  soon 
be  transferred  to  the  city  of  Washington,  and  would,  I  am 
sure,  be  one  of  the  most  attractive  features  in  the  National 
Museum.  I  append  a  letter  from  Mr.  John  Durand,  a  citizen 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


25 


of  the  United  States  resident  in  Paris,  and  a  correspondent  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution  and  the  National  Museum,  which 
gives  a  general  statement  of  the  contents  of  the  collection. 

(3)  The  amusement  department.  No  exposition  has  ever 
contained  within  itself  so  much  to  interest  and  amuse  every 
class  of  visitors  as  that  of  1889. 

During  the  day  the  Eiffel  Tower,  about  one  thousand  feet 
high — which  was  ascended  by  elevators,  a  combination  of 
French  and  United  States  inventions — had  at  its  foot  a  line  of 
thousands  awaiting-  their  turn  at  the  cage  of  the  elevator. 
Those  who  came  as  late  as  ten  o’clock  in  the  morning  were 
obliged  to  wait  for  hours,  but  if  the  day  was  clear  they  were 
amply  repaid  by  the  view  from  the  top  for  the  time  lost.  At 
the  height  of  about  three  hundred  and  twenty  feet  from  the 
ground  there  was  a  platform,  on  which  were  built  restaurants 
which  were  much  frequented,  and  this  platform  was  a  favorite 
stopping  place. 

The  grounds  of  the  Trocade'ro  were  devoted  to  the  display 
of  flowers,  trees,  and  fruits.  They  were  an  endless  source  of 
amusement  to  visitors.  The  grounds,  lawns,  and  flower-beds 
on  the  Champ  de  Mars  were  kept  in  beautiful  order,  constantly 
renewed,  and  with  the  numerous  fountains  on  the  grounds, 
which  were  of  great  beauty  and  were  in  full  view  from  the 
large  restaurants  which  skirted  the  sides  of  the  buildings,  the 
visitor  was  constantly  interested.  During  the  whole  time  of 
the  Exposition  there  was  music  by  excellent  military  bands  in 
the  grounds  of  the  Champ  de  Mars  every  afternoon.  Various 
theaters  on  the  Champ  de  Mars,  where  light  pieces  were  per¬ 
formed  for  a  small  price  of  admission,  were  in  action  day  and 
night,  and  several  eastern  theatrical  dancing  exhibitions  could 
be  seen  at  any  time  in  the  Rue  du  Caire,  on  the  Champ  de 
Mars,  or  on  the  Esplanade  des  Invalides. 

The  grand  dome  of  the  Exposition  and  the  Palace  of  the 
Trocadero,  at  opposite  ends  of  the  great  inclosure,  were  il¬ 
luminated,  and  the  colored  fountains  of  the  Champ  de  Mars 
played  every  evening ;  on  Sunday  evenings  and  on  the  evenings 
of  fete-days,  and  other  grand  occasions,  like  that  of  the  visit 
of  the  Shah  of  Persia,  the  Eiffel  Tower  was  also  illuminated, 


26 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


and  the  illumination  of  the  Trocadero  Palace  was  made  more 
general.  At  least  two  tickets  were  required  for  admission 
after  six  o’clock  of  the  afternoon,  except  on  Sundays,  when  but 
one  ticket  was  required.  On  great  occasions  the  price  was 
raised  to  five  tickets,  and  on  the  occasion  of  the  Shah’s  visit  to 
ten  tickets.  It  is  a  well-known  fact  that  the  French  excel  all 
other  people  in  the  art  of  ornamental  illumination.  Every  de¬ 
tail  connected  with  the  illumination  of  the  Exposition  build¬ 
ings,  fountains,  and  grounds  was  elaborately  worked  out,  so 
that  it  may  easily  be  imagined  what  a  source  of  interest  and 
pleasure  these  nightly  illuminations  were  to  the  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  visitors,  who  waited  long  hours  and  bore  every 
inconvenience  of  crowding  and  of  weather  to  see  them.  On 
many  occasions  the  crowd  was  enormous,  but  it  was  always 
good-natured,  and  the  simultaneous  expressions  of  surprise,, 
admiration,  and  delight  that  came  from  thousands  of  voices- 
when  the  fountains  were  suddenly  lighted  up  was  an  amusing 
and  impressive  feature  of  the  scene. 

GENERAL  REMARKS. 

One  of  the  results  of  the  Exposition  is  that  the  relations  be¬ 
tween  France  and  all  nations  which  exhibited  are  made  closer 
and  more  friendly  through  it. 

The  French  were  wise  enough  to  give  timely  notice  to  all 
distant  nations  in  Asia,  Africa,  and  America  which  were  likely 
to  exhibit,  that  the  Exposition  was  to  be  held,  and  to  induce 
many  to  send  exhibits  who  had  never  before  appeared  in  an 
exposition.  These  nations,  therefore,  not  only  exhibited  their 
productions,  but  in  many  cases  sent  enough  of  their  people, 
some  of  high  positions,  to  show  their  peculiar  customs  and 
manner  of  living,  forming  a  kind  of  colony  which  was 
interesting  and  instructive.  These  jDeople  were  very  kindly 
treated,  and  were  shown  whatever  was  to  be  seen  in  the  Ex¬ 
position  and  in  Paris.  They  were  in  general  intelligent  and 
observing,  and  the  result  is  that  their  nations  will  learn  more 
from  them,  as  to  the  greatness  of  France  as  a  nation,  as  a  pro¬ 
ducer,  and  as  a  generous  host,  than  they  would  have  learned 
in  fifty  years  without  the  Exposition.  They  will  look  upon 


REPORT  Ofr  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL.  2  f 

the  French  as  the  greatest  people  of  modern  times  as  organ¬ 
izers,  producers,  and  artists,  and  the  French  will  reap  enormous 
benefits  as  the  first  civilized  people  who  developed  themselves 
to  these  nations. 

The  perfection  of  the  administration  of  the  Exposition,  the 
magnificent  show  of  industrial  and  agricultural  products,  the 
exhibits  of  the  fine  arts,  which  have  never  been  equaled,  the 
splendid  works  of  engineering  and  agriculture  which  are  shown 
in  all  parts  of  the  grounds,  the  intelligent  exhibits  of  the  his¬ 
tory  of  work,  the  colonial  exhibits,  in  fact,  everything  con¬ 
nected  with  the  Exposition,  convinces  an  intelligent  observer 
that  the  nation  which  could  thoroughly  organize  so  grand  a 
work  must  at  least  be  abreast  of  all  modern  nations  in  works 
of  industry  and  art,  and  in  the  ability  to  organize  and  utilize 
the  brains  and  muscles  of  its  people. 

Whatever  may  have  been  the  reputation  of  France  before 
the  Exposition  in  these  respects,  it  must  be  acknowledged  that 
no  other  nation  in  the  world  could  at  this  time  have  equaled 
France  in  its  exposition  of  modern  fine  arts  or  could  have 
exceeded  it  in  any  other  department  of  the  Exposition ;  and  it 
is  certain  that  no  such  great  result,  due  to  ability  of  adminis¬ 
tration  and  energy  of  purpose  and  to  the  enormous  wealth  of 
objects — -the  results  of  industry  and  art — has  ever  been  at¬ 
tained  by  any  other  nation  or  can  be  surpassed  in  the  near 
future.  The  fact  that  the  Exposition  was  held  in  Paris  was 
one  great  cause  of  its  brilliant  success.  Within  three  miles  of 
the  Champ  de  Mars  three  millions  of  people  lived.  Although 
the  cab  or  fiacre  system  was  imperfect,  it  was  perhaps  as  good 
as  it  would  have  been  anywhere  else,  and  it  was  well  supple¬ 
mented  by  the  steamboats  on  the  Seine,  and  by  street-rail¬ 
ways  and  omnibuses,  regular  and  improvised.  The  most 
painful  spectacle  in  all  Paris,  however,  was  the  unchecked 
brutality  and  recklessness  of  cab  and  fiacre  drivers,  and  the 
sufferings  of  the  fiacre  horses.  Much  of  the  pleasure  of  driv¬ 
ing  in  the  streets  of  Paris  was  destroyed  by  the  constant  sight 
of  this  cruelty  and  by  the  insolence  of  the  drivers. 

The  main  entrance  of  the  Exposition  was  on  the  Quai 
d’Orsay ,  near  the  Ministry  of  F oreign  Affairs,  not  more  than  ten 


•28 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


minutes’  walk  from  the  Place  de  la  Concorde.  The  principal 
feeders  were,  however,  the  entrances  from  the  Place  du  Tro- 
cad^ro  and  on  the  Avenue  Rapp.  There  were,  however, 
wickets  for  entrances  well  distributed,  so  that  in  general  there 
was  not  much  crowding  at  them.  The  places  for  exit  were 
not  so  numerous,  and  late  at  night,  at  the  close,  they  were 
very  crowded,  and  there  was  great  difficulty  tn  getting  away 
on  account  of  the  scarcity  of  cabs. 

Another  result  of  the  Exposition  was  a  great  increase  of 
prosperity  from  the  enormous  amount  of  money  brought  into 
France,  and  more  especially  into  Paris,  by  its  means.  The 
figures  are  given  in  another  part  of  this  report.  Nearly  the 
whole  working  population  of  Paris  reaped  some  moneyed 
benefit  from  the  large  expenditure,  and  thousands  of  the  in¬ 
habitants,  who  would  have  been  in  misery  through  the  whole 
season,  were  in  comparative  comfort  in  consequence  of  it. 

It  is  not  the  province  of  this  report  to  give  an  opinion  as  to 
the  effect  of  this  state  of  things  on  the  election  of  September 
22  for  deputies ;  but  it  cannot  be  improper  to  state  that  in  no 
city  was  there  ever  a  quieter  or  more  orderly  election  than  it 
was,  whether  the  improved  condition  of  the  voters  had  or  had 
not  any  effect  on  their  conduct  at  the  polls. 

One  result  of  this  Exposition,  which,  however,  has  been 
common  to  all  international  expositions,  is  that  the  nations 
which  exhibit  get  closer  to  each  other  in  the  style  of  their 
manufactures,  more  particularly  in  that  of  their  steam  and 
other  machinery.  The  technical  men,  who  make  a  study  of 
the  exhibits,  examine  carefully  everything  in  their  own  lines  of 
work,  and  if  they  see  anything  in  any  exhibit  which  is  supe¬ 
rior  to  their  own  articles  in  that  line,  they  have  it  adopted  in 
their  work.  As  this  is  true  of  the  technical  men  of  all  exhib¬ 
iting  nations  who  are  present  at  an  Exposition,  the  result  has 
been  that  the  machines  to  do  the  same  work  in  different  nations 
of  Europe  and  in  the  United  States  resemble  each  other  more 
closely  in  all  respects  than  they  did  twenty  years  ago.  The 
same  remarks  apply  in  a  less  degree  to  all  fabrics.  They  are 
more  nearly  alike  now  in  taste  and  material  and  work  than 
they  were  when  international  expositions  began.  Should  this 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


29 


approximation  continue  in  international  expositions  that  are  to 
follow,  the  people  of  the  various  exhibiting  nations  must  be 
forced  to  think  more  nearly  alike,  and  will,  therefore,  be 
brought  nearer  each  other.  Such  a  result  must  conduce  to  the 
benefit  of  the  human  race,  and  will  be  one  of  the  most  im¬ 
portant  due  to  such  expositions. 

Another  of  the  results  of  the  Exposition  of  1889  will  be  the 
more  general  use  of  iron  hereafter  in  architecture,  not  only  as 
ornament,  but  as  a  building  material  nearly  as  necessary  and 
important  as  stone  or  brick. 

All  of  the  beautiful  outlines  of  the  buildings  in  the  Champ 
de  Mars  were  due  to  iron  construction.  The  principal  supports 
of  the  buildings  were  iron.  The  frames  of  the  domes  were 
iron.  The  filling  between  the  forms  was,  in  general,  a  cheap 
brick  or  stucco  material,  and  the  covers  of  the  domes  were 
encaustic  tile.  The  roofs  were  generally  of  glass  in  iron 
frames.  For  constructions  for  an  exposition,  this  cheapness  is 
doubtless  necessary,  but  the  glass  roofs  were  always  a  source 
of  trouble  from  leakage. 

Architects  are  agreed  that  iron  is  not  a  proper  material  for 
artistic  constructive  work  in  important  buildings,  but,  in  spite 
of  the  principles  of  art,  it  is  coming  more  generally  into  use, 
and  the  example  of  the  buildings  on  the  Champ  de  Mars  will 
have  influence  in  extending  the  style  of  buildings  there 
employed. 

Terra  cotta  and  plaster  of  Paris  were  used  for  the  carved 
work  and  statuary  of  the  buildings  generally,  and,  as  all  of  it 
was  done  with  great  artistic  skill,  the  effect  was  very  fine. 

The  shortness  of  the  time  for  collecting  the  exhibit  of  the 
United  States  and  delivering  it  in  Paris  was  a  source  of  em- 
barrassment  in  many  ways. 

Our  acceptance  of  the  invitation  to  participate  in  the  Ex¬ 
position  was  only  delivered  in  July,  1888,  less  than  ten  months 
before  the  date  of  the  opening  of  the  Exposition.  We  were 
the  last  large  industrial  nation  which  applied  for  an  assignment 
of  space,  so  that  our  choice  was  necessarily  the  last.  It  is 
probable  that  the  spaces  so  assigned  in  Machinery  Hall  and  in 
the  Industrial  Section  were  larsre  enough  for  our  exhibits,  but 

o  o  7 


30 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


their  location  would  have  been  in  more  prominent  places  had 
we  been  among  the  first  to  apply.  The  location  of  our  exhibit 
in  Group  II  was  very  bad,  being  off  the  ordinary  lines  of  com¬ 
munication,  and  on  an  upper  floor,  so  that  this  very  creditable 
exhibit  was  somewhat  neglected  by  visitors,  although  well  ap¬ 
preciated  by  the  juries.  Other  foreign  exhibits  in  the  same 
group — inferior  to  ours — had  prominent  positions,  and  we  could 
doubtless  have  had  one  of  these,  if  we  had  been  earlier  in  the 
field. 

Our  Agricultural  Exhibit,  which  was  inferior  to  none  in  the 
Exposition,  was  more  than  a  mile  from  the  United  States  ex¬ 
hibits  of  machinery  and  industrial  products,  and  nearly  the 
whole  distance  was  taken  up  with  agricultural  exhibits  of 
France  and  other  nations,  crowded  with  visitors,  rendering  ac¬ 
cess  to  it  a  long  and  tedious  work  to  any  one  whose  object  was 
to  view  all  of  the  United  States  exhibits  in  one  visit  to  the  Ex¬ 
position.  As  all  of  the  agricultural  exhibits  were  thrown  upon 
the  Quai  d’Orsay — outside  of  the  Champ  de  Mars — it  is  doubt¬ 
ful  whether,  on  account  of  the  enormous  size  of  the  exhibits, 
any  better  arrangement  could  have  been  made.  Still,  the  very 
mention  of  the  distance  gives  an  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  the 
Exposition.  But  if  all  the  United  States  exhibits  could  have 
been  placed  together,  the  display  would  have  been  finer,  and 
their  effect,  as  a  whole,  would  have  been  more  striking. 

The  same  remarks  as  to  distance  apply  to  the  Art  Exhibit 
of  the  United  States.  It  was  a  long  distance  from  Machinery 
Hall  and  from  our  Industrial  Exhibit,  and  was  on  a  second 
floor  at  the  extreme  end  of  the  Palais  des  Beaux  Arts.  To 
Teach  it,  the  visitor’s  most  natural  course  was  to  go  through 
the  whole  French  Exhibit  and  several  foreign  art  exhibits. 
These  were  always  crowded,  and  by  the  time  the  United  States 
Exhibit  was  reached,  the  eye  had  been  already  satisfied  and 
the  visitor  fatigued. 

The  republics  of  Mexico  and  those  of  Central  and  South 
America,  whose  exhibits  contained  no  machines,  and  were 
mainly  composed  of  agricultural  products,  obtained  prominent 
places  for  them  by  erecting  special  buildings  on  the  Champ 
de  Mars,  which  were  very  creditable  in  size  and  architecture, 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


31 


and  some  of  them  very  costly.  The  name  of  the  country  to 
which  the  building  belonged  was  displayed  on  the  facade. 
As  many  of  these  republics  were  exhibiting  for  the  first  time 
in  an  international  exposition,  they  thus  had  the  means  of 
making  their  exhibits  known  and  noticeable.  In  the  case  of 
the  United  States,  its  exhibit  was  too  large  and  too  varied  to 
be  placed  in  a  special  building,  and  besides  it  had  been  known 
as  an  exhibitor  in  every  international  exposition,  so  that  no 
advertisement  was  necessary,  and  the  appropriation  would  not 
have  justified  the  necessary  expenditure;  neither  could  a  proper 
site  for  the  erection  of  such  a  building  have  been  obtained  at 
the  late  date  of  the  acceptance  of  the  invitation  to  participate 
in  the  Exposition. 

The  law  authorizing  the  acceptance  of  the  invitation  to  the 
Exposition  was  defective  in  the  omission  to  authorize  or  require 
the  various  departments,  bureaus,  and  museums  of  the  General 
Government  to  send  exhibits,  with  one  exception — the  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture.  When  application  was  made  to  the  offi¬ 
cials  in  charge  for  the  loan  of  exhibits,  the  answer  given  was 
in  nearly  all  cases  that  the  property  of  the  United  States  could 
not  be  allowed  to  go  out  of  their  control  without  the  special  au¬ 
thority  of  law.  To  this  there  was  no  answer.  There  were  a 
few  exceptions,  but  in  general  there  was  no  moneyed  respon¬ 
sibility  involved.  An  attempt  was  made  to  get  a  law  passed 
giving  the  necessary  authority,  but  it  was  not  successful.  The 
general  interest  in  the  United  States  Exhibit  would  have  been 
greater,  and  its  appearance  much  improved,  if  the  departments 
and  museums  had  exhibited.  Although  our  space  was  filled, 
the  governmental  exhibits  would  have  taken  the  place  of  some 
small  and  insignificant  exhibits  which  were  not  creditable  to 
the  United  States.  Besides,  when  the  invitation  was  accepted, 
it  ought  to  have  been  with  the  understanding  that  everything 
that  the  Government  could  do,  in  the  time  and  with  the  means 
available,  should  be  done  to  add  to  the  value  and  interest  of 
the  exhibits. 

Another  defect  was,  the  amount  of  the  pay  of  jurors  was 
left  to  the  discretion  of  the  Commissioner-General.  Jurors 
ought  to  play  a  more  important  part  in  international  exposi- 


32 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


tions  than  they  have  hitherto.  If  they  do  their  duty,  they  get 
perfect  information  on  the  classes  to  which  they  are  assigned, 
and  should  be  able  to  make  valuable  reports.  In  the  Exposi¬ 
tion  of  1889,  sixty  jurors  were  allowed  the  United  States. 
Some  came  from  the  United  States  purposely  to  serve  on 
juries;  others  were  travelers  who  consented  to  stay  awhile  at 
Paris  for  the  same  purpose;  others  were  Frenchmen  or  citizens 
of  the  United  States  resident  in  Paris;  and  the  remainder  were 
the  commissioners  expert,  and  other  officials  of  the  Commis¬ 
sion.  The  pay  of  those  who  came  from  the  United  States  to 
serve  should  be  enough  to  cover  all  expenses  of  travel  and 
living  abroad  for  six  weeks  at  least,  with  a  reasonable  per  diem 
allowance  in  addition.  Those  who  stop  at  the  place  of  the 
Exposition  to  sit  as  jurors  should  have  their  expenses  paid 
while  at  the  place,  as  should  those  who  reside  at  the  place  of 
the  Exposition.  Those  detailed  from  experts  and  other  offi¬ 
cials  should  not  be  paid.  All  should  be  required  to  make 
reports  to  the  commissioners  expert,  and  should  receive  a 
small  compensation  for  them.  But  in  any  event,  the  amounts 
should  be  fixed  by  the  law,  and  should  not  be  contingent  upon 
the  amounts  available  from  the  appropriation  for  the  cost  of 
the  Exposition  after  that  cost  is  paid. 

UNITED  STATES  AWARDS  TO  EXHIBITORS. 

The  United  States  fared  better  than  any  other  foreign  nation 
in  the  number  and  nature  of  the  awards  granted  to  its  exhibit¬ 
ors.  A  list,  giving  the  names  of  those  recompensed  and  the 
kind  of  award  given,  is  appended.  From  this  it  appears  that 
the  whole  number  of  awards  to  the  exhibit  of  the  United 
States  is  1,044,  distributed  as  follows: 


Diplomas  of  grand  prizes .  55 

Diplomas  of  gold  medals .  214 

Diplomas  of  silver  medals .  300 

Diplomas  of  bronze  medals  . 246 

Diplomas  of  honorable  mention .  229 


Total .  1,044 


This  number  is  greater  than  at  any  preceding  interna¬ 
tional  exposition,  and  the  United  States  has  good  grounds 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


33 

for  pride  in  this  result.  It  is  to  be  feared  that  there  will  be  a 
good  deal  of  delay  in  the  distribution  of  the  diplomas,  as  the 
delivery  of  the  plate,  which  was  to  have  been  finished  by  Jan¬ 
uary  1,  was  postponed  until  March  1,  and  an  official  statement 
has  been  made  that  the  diplomas  will  not,  in  consequence,  be 
ready  until  August  31.  The  date  has  been  since  postponed  to 
November  15,  1890. 

FINANCES. 

It  has  already  been  stated  that  the  whole  cost  of  the  Expo¬ 
sition  was  not  to  exceed  $8,600,000,  of  which  amount  the  state 
contributed  $2,400,000,  the  city  of  Paris  $1,600,000,  and  the 
remainder,  $3,600,000,  was  to  be  furnished  by  a  guaranty 
association,  which  was  to  receive  as  payment  whatever  amount 
accrued  from  the  sale  of  tickets  at  1  franc  (20  cents)  each. 
This  arrangement  prohibited  all  gratuitous  admissions,  and 
would  have  embarrassed  the  management.  As  late  as  March 
20,  1889,  a  new  contract  was  made  with  an  association  of  banks 
and  bankers,  which  relieved  the  guaranty  association,  and 
undertook  to  furnish,  besides  the  $3,600,000,  an  additional 
amount  of  $700,000.  To  reimburse  this  association,  it  was 
authorized  to  issue  bonds  to  the  value  of  $6,000,000,  each 
bond  promising  to  pay  $5,  and  having  attached  to  it  twenty- 
five  ticket  coupons,  detachable  at  will,  and  each  good  for  one 
entrance  to  the  Exposition.  Each  bond  was  also  a  lottery 
ticket.  There  are  to  be  eighty-one  drawings  of  the  lottery,, 
six  of  which  took  place  during  the  Exposition.  The  remainder 
are  distributed  over  a  period  of  seventy-five  years,  when  $5 
are  to  be  paid  to  the  holder  of  each  bond  on  presentation, 
without  reference  to  what  may  have  been  drawn  in  the  lot¬ 
tery.  This  arrangement  was  a  success,  and  the  bonds  sold 
easily,  so  that  the  whole  amount  available  for  the  Exposition 
was  increased  to  $9,300,000.  This  increase  was  a  great  boon 
to  the  Exposition  authorities,  as  it  enabled  them,  without  draw¬ 
ing  upon  the  amounts  set  aside  for  the  whole  cost  of  the  Ex¬ 
position,  to  meet  the  payment  of  $360,000  guaranteed  to  the 
Society  of  Electricians  for  lighting  the  Exposition  at  night. 
This  society  consisted  of  French  and  foreign  electrical  light 
companies  which  were  exhibitors.  They  were  to  be  paid  the 
H.  Ex.  410 - 3 


34 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


receipts  of  the  evenings  at  the  entrances,  but  they  were  in  any 
event  guaranteed  the  sum  of  $360,000. 

A  sum  estimated  at  $60,000  or  $80,000  was  also  set  aside 
from  the  increased  amount  available,  for  the  cost  of  the  medals 
and  diplomas  of  awards  to  exhibitors.  The  state  and  the 
city  of  Paris  each  contributed  nearly  $200,000  to  the  various 
fetes,  balls  at  the  Palace  of  Industry,  fetes  of  the  opening  of 
the  Exposition,  the  distribution  of  awards,  etc.  Sums  were 
also  appropriated  for  the  cost  of  the  dinners,  receptions,  and 
fetes  of  all  kinds  given  by  the  President  of  the  Republic  and 
the  ministers,  as  accompaniments  of  the  Exposition.  If  to  the 
appropriations  indicated  above  be  added  the  cost  of  the  exhibi¬ 
tions  of  the  history  of  labor,  which  must  have  been  nearly 
$1,000,000,  and  that  of  the  colonial  exhibits,  all  of  which  it  is 
understood  were  undertaken  by  the  state,  and  that  of  the  ex¬ 
hibition  by  the  city  of  Paris,  it  is  estimated  that  the  whole  cost 
of  the  Exposition  must  have  amounted  to  about  $12,000,000. 

To  offset  this  large  amount,  the  state  and  the  city  of  Paris 
both  received  large  accessions  of  revenue  due  to  the  Exposi¬ 
tion.  Thus  the  increase  in  revenue  receipts  for  the  first  nine 
months  of  1889  over  the  corresponding  period  of  1888  (not 
including  the  duties  or  taxes  on  sugar  and  salt)  was  $5,000,000. 
Of  this  amount  $2,701,000  was  from  customs  (salt  and  sugar 
not  included),  and  $2,202,000  from  the  taxes  on  matches,  to¬ 
bacco,  post,  and  telegraphs.  Some  of  the  details  are  the  fol¬ 
lowing  : 


Excess  of  duties  on  wines  and  liquors  of  all  kinds .  $1, 954, 000 

Excess  of  duties  on  tobacco .  861,400 

Excess  of  tax  on  posts  more  than .  1, 200,  000 

Excess  of  tax  on  telegraphs .  307,  200 

Excess  of  tax  on  express-train  passengers  .  600, 000 


The  city  of  Paris  contributed  $1,600,000  to  the  Exposition. 

The  octroi  (tax  laid  by  the  city  on  provisions,  wines,  etc., 
which  were  brought  into  it  for  consumption)  from  January  1, 
1889,  to  October  28,  1889,  exceeded  that  for  the  corresponding 
period  of  1888  by  about  $1,800,000.  Of  this  amount  $450,720 
was  from  provisions,  and  $1,000,000  from  wines,  etc.  In  ad¬ 
dition  to  the  contributions  by  the  state  and  the  city  above  men¬ 
tioned,  each  appropriated  $200,000  for  public  fetes,  banquets, 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


35 


ceremonies  of  the  opening  of  the  Exposition,  formal  distribu¬ 
tion  of  awaids,  receptions  of  foreign  sovereigns,  etc.  The 
city  also  spent  large  sums  for  street  improvements,  repairs  of 
ways,  etc. 

It  is  estimated  that  the  amount  saved  from  the  computed 
cost  of  the  Exposition,  which  was  considerable,  added  to  the 
amounts  realized  from  the  concessions  to  restaurants,  theaters, 
and  other  places  of  amusement  within  the  Exposition  grounds, 
and  to  the  sum  realized  from  the  sale  of  old  material,  lum¬ 
ber,  etc.,  will  be  about  $1,600,000.  Of  this  amount,  about 
$1,100,000  goes  back  to  the  state,  and  the  remainder,  about 
$500,000,  to  the  city.  To  recapitulate: 


The  state  contributed  in  the  first  instance  . .  .  $3, 400,  000 

Afterwards  it  contributed  for  fetes,  etc .  200, 000 

And  for  personal  fetes,  receptions,  etc.,  say .  200, 000 


Whole  amount  contributed  by  the  state .  3, 800, 000 


The  state  received  from  increase  of  customs,  taxes,  etc.,  due  to  the  Ex¬ 
position  .  5,000,000 

From  amount  realized  from  saving  on  first  cost,  concessions,  etc.,  in 

Exposition,  and  sale  of  old  material . . .  1, 100,  000 


Whole  amount  realized  by  the  state .  6, 100, 000 


The  city  contributed  in  the  first  instance .  1,  600, 000 

For  fetes,  etc.,  for  the  city  generally . . .  200,000 

Improvements  of  streets,  repairs  of  ways,  etc . . . .  100,  000 

For  entertainments  and  fetes  at  Hotel  de  Ville,  say .  .  100, 000 


Whole  amount  contributed  by  the  city .  2,  000, 000 


The  city  received  from  increase  of  octroi . . . .  \  }  800, 000 

Proportion  of  amount  realized  from  saving  on  first  cost,  concessions, 

etc.,  in  Exposition,  and  sale  of  old  materials .  500,000 


Whole  amount  rea  ized  by  the  city  of  Paris .  2,  300,000 


For  the  twenty-six  weeks  from  May  7  to  November  4,  1889, 
the  receipts  of  the  six  great  railroads  which  do  the  main  pas¬ 
senger  traffic  to  and  from  Paris,  viz.,  the  Lyons,  Northern, 
Western,  Orleans,  Eastern,  and  Southern,  exceeded  the  receipts 
for  the  same  period  in  1888  by  $11,941,329,  and  it  must  be 
admitted  that  more  than  $9,000,000  of  that  sum  should  be 
credited  to  the  result  of  the  Exposition. 


36 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


There  were  more  than  60,000  exhibitors;  and  it  is  estimated 
that  each  spent  in  round  numbers  $600  on  his  exhibit.  This 
makes  the  enormous  sum  of  $36,000,000  to  be  added  to  the  cost 
of  the  Exposition,  but  nearly  all  of  this  sum  was  spent  in  France. 

It  is  a  difficult  matter  to  determine  the  number  of  visitors 
who  came  to  Paris  in  the  summer  of  1889  who  were  brought 
there  merely  by  the  Exposition.  Several  estimates  have  been 
made  by  independent  statisticians  which  produce  nearly  the 
same  result.  They  give  as  the  increase  of  the  permanent  popu¬ 
lation  of  Paris,  during  the  whole  one  hundred  and  eighty  days 
of  the  Exposition,  200,000  persons,  and  their  average  daily 
necessary  expenses,  five  or  six  dollars.  Taking  the  latter  fig¬ 
ure,  the  amount  of  money  which  these  persons  spent,  merely 
for  board  and  lodging  and  cab  hire,  was  the  enormous  sum  of 
$216,000,000.  If  to  this  be  added  the  cost  of  amusements, 
operas,  theaters,  etc.,  meals  at  restaurants,  excursions  in  the 
vicinity  of  Paris,  small  and  large  purchases  of  every  kind 
which  were  made  by  every  visitor  who  came  to  Paris  at  this 
time,  the  estimate  increases  the  figures  above  given  one-half, 
making  the  enormous  sum  of  $324,000,000  as  the  amount 
spent  in  Paris  by  visitors  on  account  of  the  Exposition.  The 
figures  given  are  those  of  Mr.  Berger,  the  Director-General  of 
Management,  Mr.  Eiffel,  and  the  London  Engineering. 

Before  the  Exposition  was  decreed,  an  estimate  of  the  prob¬ 
able  increase  of  revenue  due  to  it  was  made  by  M.  de  Foville, 
of  the  Ministry  of  Finance.  This  estimate  nearly  coincided 
with  the  actual  figures,  and  this  fact  is  a  striking  instance  of 
the  painstaking  skill  which  characterizes  all  French  statistical 
work  in  the  official  departments. 

The  figures  given  above  are  in  general  taken  from  an  exhaust¬ 
ive  article  on  the  Exposition  from  the  Figaro  of  November  30, 
1889,  by  Mr.  Charles  Yriarte.  The  expenditures  by  the  various 
foreign  commissions  are  not  included  in  the  above  figures.  The 
appropriations  by  the  foreign  governments  that  exhibited  are 
given  in  Appendix  H,  and  the  list  is  taken  in  part  from  the 
able  pamphlet  of  Mr.  E.  T.  Jeffery,  who  visited  Paris  by  direc¬ 
tion  of  the  Citizens’  Executive  Committee  of  Chicago,  presided 
over  by  Hon.  D.  C.  Cregier,  Mayor. 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


37 


The  balance-sheet  of  the  Exposition,  as  given  in  the  Official 
Bulletin  of  the  Universal  Exposition,  November  23,  1889,  is 
the  following: 


Amount  realized  from  the  association  of  banks  and  bankers .  $4, 300,  000 

Concessions  and  various  receipts,  including  the  amount  received  from 

11,609  tickets  issued  by  the  state .  400,  000 

Sale  of  old  materials  (estimated)  .  200, 000 

Amount  appropriated  by  the  state  and  the  city  of  Paris  .  5, 000, 000 


Total  amount  received  . . .  9,  900, 000 


The  estimated  cost  of  the  Exposition  was .  8,  600, 000 

The  actual  cost  as  nearly  as  could  be  ascertained  at  the  date  given  above 
was . .  8, 300, 000 


Hence  the  excess  of  receipts  ($9,900,000)  over  expenditures  ($8,300,000)  is  $1 ,600,000 

It  is  officially  announced  that  this  result  will  be  increased 


by  the  official  figures. 

In  1878  the  receipts  from  the  Exposition  were .  $4,  737, 040 

The  expenses  of  the  Exposition  were .  11, 078, 000 

Excess  of  expenditures  over  receipts .  6,  340, 960 

In  the  Exposition  of  1867  the  receipts  were .  5, 428,  920 

The  expenses  were .  4, 596,  764 

Excess  of  receipts  over  expenses  was . .  832, 156 


The  French  estimate  of  the  number  of  people  from  the 
United  States  that  visited  Paris  during  the  Exposition  is  90,000. 


DECORATIONS. 

At  the  verbal  request  of  Mr.  Berger,  Director-General  of 
Management,  I  gave  him  a  list  of  exhibitors  and  persons  offi¬ 
cially  connected  with  the  United  States  Commission,  who  were 
in  my  opinion  worthy  to  receive  decorations,  from  the  French 
Government  from  the  excellence  of  their  exhibits,  from  their 
high  positions  in  industrial  and  educational  pursuits  or  in  the 
arts,  and  from  faithful  work  at  the  Exposition.  The  list  was 
in  general  closely  followed,  but  there  were  a  few  additions 
and  omissions. 

T1  le  number  and  kinds  of  the  decorations  are  as  follows, 
and  a  list  of  the  names  is  appended  to  this  report  (Appendix  H). 


38 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


The  grades  of  the  decorations  were  assigned  by  the  French 
authorities  without  any  action  by  me: 


Legion  of  Honor: 

Grand  Officer . 1 

Commander  (promotion) .  1 

Officer . 5 

Chevalier. . . 22 

Merit  in  Agriculture  : 

Officer . 1 

Chevalier .  4 

Officers  of  the  Order  of  Public  Instruction .  12 

Officers  of  the  Academy .  6 


Two  of  the  decorations,  viz.,  that  of  promotion  to  Com¬ 
mander  of  Legion  of  Honor  and  an  appointment  of  Chevalier 
of  the  Legion  of  Honor,  were  delivered  to  the  appointees  be¬ 
fore  the  formal  presentation  of  recompenses,  but  both  were 
counted  as  having  been  conferred  on  account  of  the  Exposi¬ 
tion. 

The  French  authorities  have  been  very  generous  in  this  mat¬ 
ter,  and  the  number  of  decorations  presented  to  the  United 
States  citizens  at  the  Exposition  exceeds  that  presented  to  the 
citizens  of  any  other  foreign  nation.  This  fact  shows  not  only 
kindly  feeling  towards  the  United  States,  but  is  an  evidence  of 
the  high  appreciation  of  the  French  Government  of  the  exhibit 
of  the  United  States  and  of  the  persons  connected  with  it. 

Several  persons  to  whom  these  decorations  have  been  offered 
cannot  accept  them  without  authority  from  Congress,  as  they 
are  in  the  military,  naval,  or  civil  service  of  the  United  States 
As  their  presentation  wTas  a  friendly  act  on  the  part  of  a  si st ex¬ 
republic,  and  was  intended  as  a  compliment  to  the  United 
States  rather  than  to  the  individual,  I  respectfully  recommend 
that  the  necessary  authority  for  their  acceptance  be  asked  for 
from  Congress. 

UNITED  STATES  MARINE  DETACHMENT. 

A  detachment  of  United  States  Marines,  consisting  of  Capt. 
H.  C.  Cochrane  and  First  Lieutenant  P.  St.  C.  Murphy,  United 
States  Marine  Corps,  and  twenty-eight  enlisted  men,  was  de¬ 
tailed  for  service  with  the  United  States  Commission  at  the 
Exposition,  by  Hon.  B.  F.  Tracy,  Secretary  of  the  Navy.  The 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


39 


detachment  arrived  at  Paris  shortly  before  the  opening-  of  the 
Exposition  and  stayed  until  its  close.  I  have  already  reported 
the  efficiency,  good  conduct,  and  soldierly  bearing  of  the  de¬ 
tachment  in  its  duties,  and  my  opinion  of  its  value  as  a  part 
of  the  United  States  Commission  at  the  Exposition. 

I  desire  now  to  thank  the  honorable  Secretary  through  you 
for  the  good  feeling  towards  the  Exposition  which  prompted 
lfis  cordial  consent  to  the  request  for  the  detail.  I  believe  that 
when  the  interests  of  the  service  will  permit,  the  presence  of  a 
detachment  of  as  good  troops  as  are  the  United  States  Marines 
will  always  add  dignity  to  a  United  States  Commission  at  a 
foreign  exposition,  and  will  give  the  exhibit  a  more  distinctive 
national  character  than  it  could  attain  by  any  other  means. 

FRENCH  EXPOSITION  AUTHORITIES. 

The  relations  between  the  French  administration  and  the 
officials  of  the  United  States  Commission  were  most  cordial. 
Overwhelmed  with  business  as  the  French  Exposition  officers 
were,  they  could  always  be  seen  on  official  business,  and  al¬ 
ways  complied  with  reasonable  requests.  There  was  some 
friction  with  the  financial  department  at  first,  due  to  changes 
and  delays  in  the  issues  of  free  tickets  to  exhibitors’  assistants. 
This  was,  however,  soon  settled,  and  is  hardly  worth  mention¬ 
ing  except  for  the  fact  that  the  exhibitors  considered  that  the 
delay  was  always  due  to  the  shortcomings  of  the  United  States 
Commission,  and  no  explanation  was  satisfactory  to  them. 

An  attempt  was  made  by  the  Exposition  authorities  to  require 
the  opening  and  operating  of  the  United  States  Exhibit  on  Sun¬ 
days.  It  was  not  pushed,  however,  after  proper  representations 
from  the  Commission  were  made. 

The  nomination  for  a  vice-president  of  a  group,  made  by 
the  Commissioner- General,  was  withdrawn  on  representation 
made  by  the  proper  authority. 

The  business  of  the  United  States  Commission  was  almost 
exclusively  with  Mr.  Berger,  Deputy  Director-General  of  Man¬ 
agement,  and  Mr.  Marc  Millas,  consul  of  France,  in  charge  of 
the  foreign  sections.  My  feeling  towards  them  and  their  as- 


40 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARES. 


sistants  is  extreme  gratitude  for  their  courtesy  and  kind  atten¬ 
tions  during  the  whole  course  of  the  Exposition. 

The  United  States  Commission  and  the  exhibitors  received 
their  full  share  of  invitations  to  fetes  and  other  official  en¬ 
tertainments  ;  still,  there  were  never  enough  for  all  who 
thought  it  their  right  to  have  them,  and  many  persons  were 
disappointed.  One  of  the  most  unpleasant  duties  of  the  Com¬ 
missioner-General  was  to  listen  to  the  importunities  of  people 
to  get  invitations  when  all  that  were  due  to  the  Commission 
iiad  already  been  distributed. 

ASSISTANTS. 

I  was  well  assisted  by  my  subordinates  in  conducting  the 
business  of  the  Commission.  As  a  rule,  persons  connected  with 
a  United  States  Commission  to  a  foreign  exposition  have  no 
experience  in  international  expositions,  and  the  business  is 
entirely  new  to  them  and  requires  a  certain  apprenticeship. 
By  the  time  the  business  is  learned,  the  exposition  is  over,  and 
the  employes  scatter,  usually  declaring  that  they  will  never 
belong  in  any  capacity  to  another  exposition.  The  United 
States  Commission  was  no  exception  to  this  rule.  The  business 
was  new  to  all  connected  with  it,  except  two  or  three  persons, 
but  it  went  on  as  well  as  that  of  the  other  foreign  commissions, 
and  I  think  creditably  to  the  United  States.  Mr.  S.  P.  Tuck, 
the  Assistant  Commissioner-General,  took  charge  of  the  office  in 
New  York  under  my  direction,  and  attended  faithfully  to  the 
preliminary  business  there.  In  Paris  he  served  as  a  juror  on 
the  social  science  group,  and  as  vice-president  of  the  jury  in 
Group  II,  and  attended  to  such  other  business  as  came  to  him 
.as  Assistant  Commissioner-General.  His  work  was  done  with 
ability  and  efficiency. 

Mr.  William  C.  Gunnell,  the  Chief  Engineer,  had  served  in 
the  same  capacity  in  the  International  Exposition  of  1867. 
This  service  gave  him  an  experience  which  alone  would  have 
Tendered  him  of  the  greatest  value  to  the  Commission  in  his 
work  with  it  during  the  time  of  preparation  in  New  York,  and 
through  the  duration  of  the  Exposition,  and  after  its  close. 
But  in  addition  to  this  recommendation,  his  energy  and  in- 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER  GENERAL. 


41 


dustry  were  untiring  throughout  the  whole  of  his  work.  His 
business  was  to  allot  space  to  the  exhibitors,  to  see  that  they 
complied  with  the  regulations  of  the  French  authorities  and 
those  of  the  Commission,  to  settle  all  engineering  problems  in 
the  distribution  of  power,  and  to  be  the  channel  of  communica¬ 
tion  between  the  French  directors  of  works  and  management 
and  the  United  States  Commission.  The  task  was  a  delicate 
and  difficult  one,  and  could  not  be  performed  without  friction, 
but  he  completed  it  with  much  skill  and  faithfulness.  After 
the  close  of  the  Exposition  he  superintended  the  return  ship¬ 
ments  successfully,  and  the  goods  have  arrived  at  their  desti¬ 
nations.  ' 

Mr.  A.  Bailly- Blanchard,  secretary  of  the  Commission,  served 
in  this  capacity  from  the  early  part  of  July,  1888,  to  the  pres¬ 
ent  time.  He  had  entire  charge  of  the  correspondence  between 
the  French  authorities  and  the  Commission  until  April  15,  1889, 
and  during  that  interval  he  displayed  great  skill  in  his  treat¬ 
ment  of  various  questions  that  came  up  on  the  subjects  of 
space  granted,  steam  power,  use  of  engines  constructed  in  the 
United  States  to  drive  its  own  exhibit  of  machines,  and  a 
multitude  of  other  questions  which  constantly  sprang  up  un¬ 
expectedly  and  required  to  be  treated  with  diplomatic  skill. 
During  the  Exposition,  he  also  served  as  a  member  of  one  of 
the  juries.  In  his  whole  service  with  the  Commission  he  has 
shown  the  greatest  industry,  ability,  and  faithfulness. 

Capt.  D.  A.  Lyle,  Ordnance  Corps,  U.  S.  Army,  was  detailed 
as  a  military  commissioner  to  the  Exposition,  and  my  personal 
aide-de-camp.  He  also  served  as  the  vice-president  of  the  jury 
of  Class  74,  vice-president  of  the  jury  of  Group  VIII,  and 
member  of  the  Superior  Jury  of  Revision.  He  is  also  to  pre¬ 
pare  an  article  on  the  Military  Exhibit  at  the  Exposition.  His 
behavior  on  the  Commission,  in  the  various  duties  to  which  he 
has  been  assigned,  has  been  entirely  satisfactory  to  me  and 
justifies  the  high  reputation  that  he  bears  in  the  army. 

Lieut.  B.  H.  Buckingham,  U.  S.  Navy,  was  also  detailed  as 
military  attach^  to  the  Exposition,  and  was  appointed  my  per¬ 
sonal  aide-de-camp.  He  made  the  contracts  for  ornamenting 
and  fitting  up  the  space  allotted  to  the  United  States,  and  did 


42 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


all  other  financial  business  that  was  required  before  the  open¬ 
ing  of  the  Exposition,  to  my  entire  satisfaction.  He  was,  to 
my  great  regret,  detached  from  this  service  to  act  as  secretary 
of  the  Samoan  Commission  at  Berlin,  and  only  returned 
towards  the  close  of  the  Exposition. 

Dr.  John  A.  Tonner,  of  Paris,  very  kindly  volunteered  his 
services  to  the  Commission  during  the  Exposition,  and  his  at¬ 
tention  and  valuable  professional  skill  were  frequently  given 
to  members  of  the  staff,  the  Marine  Corps,  and  others,  for  which 
my  best  thanks  are  due. 

Mr.  W.  Irving  Adams,  financial  clerk,  performed  his  duties 
with  great  skill  and  industry,  and  acted  as  cashier  of  the 
Commission  from  the  beginning  of  the  business  in  New  York. 
The  daily  disbursements  were  made  in  two  currencies,  and  the 
vouchers  were  presented  in  French  and  English,  making  some 
complication,  but  no  difficulty  has  arisen  in  consequence. 

The  superintendents  of  divisions,  Messrs.  Thieriot,  C.  Well¬ 
man  Parks,  Aytoun,  Pickering,  Bickford,  Hering,  and  Kunzy 
were  efficient  in  the  discharge  of  their  duties,  and  Professor 
Parks  did  excellent  work  in  the  collection  of  the  exhibit  in 
Group  II. 

Prof.  B.  Abdank,  the  assistant  engineer,  had  charge  of  the 
fitting  up  of  the  Electrical  Exhibit,  assisted  by  Mr.  Hering. 
The  success  of  this  exhibit  is  the  best  commentary  on  Mr. 
Abdank’s  efficiency  and  ability. 

Mr.  J.  Frederic  Aytoun,  as  clerk  to  the  chief  engineer  and 
afterwards  superintendent  of  the  Industrial  Group,  did  all  kinds 
of  work  connected  with  the  Exposition,  some  of  it  very  diffi¬ 
cult.  His  services  were  of  great  value. 

The  arrangement  covering  the  transport  abroad  of  the  ex¬ 
hibits  was  confided  to  Mr.  Haughwout  Howe,  United  States 
despatch  agent  at  New  York,  and  the  fact  that  but  one  out  of 
thousands  of  cases  consigned  to  the  Exposition  was  lost,  is 
sufficient  testimony  to  the  manner  in  which  this  duty  was  dis¬ 
charged. 

The  other  employes  of  the  Commission  did  their  duties  well, 
and  they,  as  well  as  those  mentioned  by  name,  have  my  sin¬ 
cere  thanks  for  their  faithfulness  and  industry. 


REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


43 


COURTESIES  RENDERED. 

Mr.  A.  Caubert,  citizen  of  France,  magistrate,  connected 
with  the  Exposition  in  its  preliminary  work,  was  noted  for  his. 
constant  kindness  and  attention  to  the  members  of  the  Com¬ 
mission.  He  was  untiring  in  his  official  and  unofficial  efforts 
to  make  their  residence  in  Paris  pleasant  during  the  whole 
duration  of  the  Exposition. 

I  have  already  mentioned  the  kindness  of  Hon.  R.  M.  Mc- 
Lane,  minister  of  the  United  States  to  France.  He  took  the 
trouble  to  brinof  me  into  friendly  relations  with  the  French 
Government  authorities  as  well  as  those  of  the  Exposition. 
His  successor,  Hon.  Whitelaw  Reid,  was  always  courteous  and 
kind,  and  ready  to  do  anything  in  his  power  to  help  the  busi¬ 
ness  of  the  Commission. 

Mr.  Vignaud,  tirst  secretary  of  legation,  did  the  Commission 
many  favors,  as  did  Col.  Rathbone,  consul-general  of  the 
United  States.  Lieut.  Aaron  Ward,  U.  S.  Navy,  naval  attache 
to  the  United  States  legation,  served  ably  as  a  class  juror. 

My  thanks  are  hereby  extended  to  all  of  these  gentlemen. 


REPORTS. 

There  has  been  some  delay  in  the  receipts  of  the  reports  of 
the  nine  scientific  expert  assistant  commissioners.  They  will 
all,  however,  be  received  soon,  and  the  delay  will  not  affect 
the  date  of  publication  of  the  reports,  if  the  publication  be 
authorized  now. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

W.  B.  FRANKLIN, 

Commissioner-  General. 


Hon.  James  G.  Blaine, 

Secretary  of  State. 


MEASURES  AND  VALUES. 


In  the  present  system  of  French  measures,  the  metre  is  the  unit 
of  length  and  is  equal  to  the  ten-millionth  part  of  a  quadrant  of  a 
meridian  of  the  earth;  its  multiples  and  divisions  are  decimal. 

1  metre— 10  decimetres=100  centimetres^ 1,000  millimetres. 

1  metre=1.094  yard=3.28  feet=39.37  inches. 

1  kilometre =10  hectometres=100  decametres =1,000  metres=0.621  mile. 

1  mile=5,280  feet=l,610  metres— 1.61  kilometre. 

1  square  metre= ±0.764  square  feet=1.196  square  yard. 

1  are =100  square  metres=119.6  square  yards=l, 076.4  square  feet. 

1  hectare=100  ares=10,000  square  metres=2.47  acres. 

1  acre=43,560  square  feet=4,047  square  metres=0.4047  hectare. 

1  cubic  metre=l  stere=35. 32  cubic  feet=1.308  cubic  yard. 

1  litre=l  cubic  decimetre= 1.057  quart=61.027  cubic  inches. 

1  hectolitre=10  decalitres=100  litres=26.42  gallons. 

1  kilogramme=weight  of  one  litre,  or  one  cubic  decimetre,  of  water =1,000 
grammes=2.2046  pounds  avoirdupois. 

1  gramme=10  decigrammes=100  centigrammes=l, 000  milligrammes. 

1  gramme=weight  of  one  cubic  centimetre  of  water=15.433  grains  Troy= 
0.0353  ounce  avoirdupois. 

1  franc=3  grammes  of  silver  at  a  standard  of  nine-tenths  fineness. 

1  franc=100  centimes=$0.193. 

1  pound  sterling=$4.8665. 

1  horse  power=33,000  foot  pounds  per  minute. 

1  cheval  de  vapeur=4,500  kilogramme  metres  per  minute. 

For  general  approximations  it  is  usual  to  consider  the  franc  as 
equal  to  twenty  cents,  the  metre  as  equal  to  three  and  one-fourtli  feet, 
the  kilometre  as  equal  to  five-eighths  of  a  mile,  the  square  metre  as 
equal  to  eleven  square  feet,  and  the  hectare  as  equal  to  two  and  a  half 
acres. 

44 


REPORT  OF  THE  ENGINEER  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES 
COMMISSION. 


New  York,  May  31,  1890. 

Sir  :  I  submit  herewith,  for  the  illustration  and  explanation  of 
your  report  on  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1889,  as  follows : 

First.  List  of  plates  for  Volume  I. 

Second.  List  of  measures  and  values  used  in  the  reports  of  the 
United  States  Commission. 

Third.  Statement  of  the  areas  covered  by  the  principal  buildings 
erected  by  the  French  administration  on  the  Champ  de  Mars  and 
the  Quai  d’Orsay,  as  follows  : 


Building. 

Square  feet. 

Acres. 

Machinery  Hall . 

654,550 

131,412 

1,179,068 

202,826 

202,826 

77,224 

172, 051 
103,086 

15. 00' 

Railroad  Section . 

3.02 

Industrial  Courts . 

27.07 

Palace  of  Liberal  Arts . 

4. 65 

Palace  of  Fine  Arts . 

Galleries  Rapp  and  Desaix  . . 

4. 65 

1.80 

Agricultural  Buildings  on  the  Quai  d’Orsay: 

French  Department . 

3. 95 

Foreign  Departments . 

2.36 

Total . 

2,723,043 

62.  50 

Fourth.  Statement  of  the  spaces  occupied  by  the  United  States  in 
the  different  departments  of  the  Exposition,  as  follows: 


Department. 


Square 

feet. 


A.  Fine  Arts,  upper  floor . 

B.  Liberal  Arts,  upper  floor . 

C.  Industrial  Courts,  ground  floor 

D.  Machinery  Hall: 


Ground  floor . . . * .  34, 900  ) 

Gallery .  5, 325  j 


E.  Railway  Section,  ground  floor . 

F.  Agricultural  Galleries . 

G.  W.  A.  Wood,  Agricultural  Machines 


7,800 

6,600 

37,000 


40, 225 

3,250 

17,350 

1,075 


Total 


113,300. 


The  letters  refer  to  the  points  indicated  on  the  general  plan. 


45 


46 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


While  it  is  not  my  province  to  write  a  description  of  the  grounds, 
buildings,  and  other  features  of  the  Exposition,  it  may  be  useful  to 
furnish  certain  data  as  to  the  extent  and  dimensions  of  the  principal 
buildings  erected  by  the  French  administration,  sufficient  to  afford, 
with  the  aid  of  the  accompanying  drawings,  a  correct  general  idea 
of  the  disposition  of  space  occupied  by  the  exhibits,  especially  those 
of  the  United  States,  within  those  buildings. 

The  principal  structures  located  in  the  Champ  de  Mars  were  all 
connected  in  some  way,  and  together  formed  three  sides  of  a  vast 
rectangle,  almost  touching  the  limits  of  this  grand  Paris  parade 
ground  on  the  three  sides,  and  covering  nearly  one-half  of  its  entire 
area. 

Referring  to  the  general  plan  of  the  Exposition,  it  will  be  seen 
that  near  the  southeast  end  of  the  Champ  de  Mars,  opposite  the 
Ecole  Militaire,  was  located  the  Grand  Machinery  Hall  or  Palace, 
the  greatest  engineering  exhibit  of  the  Exposition,  a  wonderful 
.structure  covering  15  acres  (over  650,000  square  feet)  of  ground,  and 
extending  nearly  the  entire  length  of  that  end  of  the  Champ  de 
Mars  which  borders  on  the  Avenue  de  la  Motte  Piquet.  The  plan  of 
this  building  is  rectangular,  the  length  being  1,378  feet,  the  width 
475  feet.  The  height  to  the  apex  of  the  bold  arched  roof  is  148  feet. 
The  general  form  of  the  building,  with  its  roof  and  galleries,  is 
shown  on  the  transverse  section  and  perspective  herewith.  By  refer¬ 
ring  to  these  it  will  be  seen  that  the  central  portion  forms  one  great 
nave,  377  feet  wide  between  the  bases  of  the  roof  frames,  the  widest 
space  ever  covered  by  a  single  span  of  roof,  and  that  the  width  of 
the  building  is  further  extended  on  either  side  of  the  nave  by  gal¬ 
leries  49  feet  wide,  having  upper  floors  about  26  feet  above  the  level 
of  the  ground.  These  upper  galleries  or  balconies  are  continuous 
all  round  the  sides  and  ends  of  the  grand  hall,  being  about  66  feet 
wide  on  the  ends,  and  were  occupied  by. exhibits  of  light  machinery. 
A  wide  passage  was  left  next  to  the  railing,  from  which  fine  views 
were  obtained  of  the  machinery  in  motion  below.  The  ground  floor 
was  divided  by  one  longitudinal  central  passage  26  feet  wide  and  by 
one  central  transverse  passage  30  feet  wide,  and  by  other  passages 
parallel  with  these,  as  indicated  on  plan,  which  afforded  convenient 
access  to  all  the  exhibits,  and  ample  room  for  the  free  circulation  of 
the  crowds  of  visitors. 

The  interior  effect  of  this  magnificent  hall  was  extremely  impos¬ 
ing.  A  better  idea  of  it  may  be  obtained  from  the  view  accompany¬ 
ing  the  report  of  the  expert  commissioner  on  Group  VI,  to  which 
the  reader  is  also  referred  for  a  full  technical  description  of  the 
construction  of  the  building,  with  many  illustrations. 

The  space  between  the  Machinery  Hall  and  the  French  Industrial 
Courts,  on  the  side  toward  the  Avenue  de  Suffren,  was  roofed  over 
specially  for  the  exhibition  of  railroad  materials  and  rolling  stock. 


REPORT  OF  THE  ENGINEER. 


47 


The  location  of  the  United  States  Exhibit  in  the  Machinery  Hall 
and  Railroad  Section  is  indicated  on  the  general  map,  and  plans  are 
given  showing  the  spaces  allotted  to  the  exhibitors,  the  numbers  in 
the  blocks  referring  to  the  general  catalogue. 

The  Machinery  Hall,  the  adjoining  railroad  extension,  the  thirty- 
meter  passage,  and  the  Galerie  Rapp,  were  kept  open  until  11  p.  m., 
and  were  brilliantly  lighted  in  the  evening  by  electric  lamps. 

A  stairway  surmounted  by  a  dome,  with  vestibule  beneath,  con¬ 
nected  Machinery  Hall  with  the  handsome  passage  called  by  the 
French  the  Thirty-Meter  Gallery.  The  interior  of  this  gallery 
presented  a  remarkable  vista  of  objects  of  rare  merit,  selected  for 
this  position  as  the  finest  exhibits  of  the  most  eminent  French  ex¬ 
hibitors,  this  being  the  place  of  honor  of  the  French  Industrial 
Groups.  This  fine  passage,  an  interior  view  of  which  is  shown,  ex¬ 
tended  to  the  grand  Dome  Central,  the  most  admired  architect¬ 
ural  feature  of  the  Exposition,  which  fronted  on  the  garden  of  the 
Champ  de  Mars.  The  Central  Dome  was  regarded  as  the  entree 
d’honneur,  the  principal  point  of  the  Exposition,  and  it  was  within 
its  artistically  decorated  interior  that  the  President  of  the  French 
Republic  made  his  address  on  the  occasion  of  the  inaugural  cere¬ 
monies,  on  the  6th  day  of  May,  1889.  A  view  of  the  exterior  of 
this  magnificent  structure  is  shown,  and  it  is  also  to  be  seen  above  the 
fountains  in  the  frontispiece  of  this  volume. 

On  the  right  and  left  of  the  thirty-meter  passage  was  located  a 
series  of  galleries  or  courts,  constructed  of  rows  of  wrought-iron 
columns  26  feet  high,  surmounted  by  glazed  iron  roofs  36  feet  high 
at  apex,  the  width  of  the  galleries  between  the  lines  of  columns  be¬ 
ing  82  feet.  These  galleries  contained  principally  the  French  ex¬ 
hibits  in  the  Industrial  Groups  III,  IY,  and  Y.  A  view  is  shown  of 
the  interior  of  one  of  these  galleries  occupied  by  the  French  exhibits 
in  Classes  28  and  29. 

Adjoining  these  galleries  and  extending  near  and  parallel  with 
the  Avenue  de  Suffren  on  one  side  of  the  Champ  de  Mars,  and  the 
Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais  on  the  other,  were  other  series  of  gal¬ 
leries  of  similar  construction,  which  were  occupied  by  the  industrial 
exhibits  of  the  visiting  nations.  *  The  United  States  Industrial  Sec¬ 
tion  was  located  in  the  central  court  of  the  series  near  the  Avenue 
de  Suffren.  It  was  82  feet  wide,  443  feet  long,  and  extended  from 
the  Yestibule  des  Nations  to  the  Galerie  Desaix.  Passages  16  feet 
wide  ran  longitudinally  and  transversely  through  the  center  of  it, 
and  narrower  walks  parallel  with  these  subdivided  the  space  and 
furnished  suitable  approaches  to  all  exhibits. 

A  view  of  the  fagade  of  the  United  States  Industrial  Section  is 
shown.  This  was  considered  the  principal  point  of  the  United  States 
exhibition,  and  it  was  at  this  entrance  that  President  Carnot  was 
received  by  the  Commission,  on  the  occasion  of  his  official  visit  to 


48 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


our  section.  Views  of  the  interior  of  the  United  States  Industrial 
Section  are  also  shown,  and  a  plan  giving  the  location  of  the  spaces 
occupied  by  the  exhibitors. 

Next  to  the  Industrial  Courts  came  the  two-story  galleries,  Desaix 
and  Rapp,  abutting  on  the  Avenue  de  Suffren  and  the  Avenue  de  la 
Bourdonnais  respectively.  These  formed  the  dividing  line  between 
the  Industrial  Groups  and  the  Palaces  of  Liberal  Arts  on  the  one  side 
and  of  Fine  Arts  on  the  other.  The  United  States  Section  in  the 
Exposition  of  Liberal  Arts,  Group  II,  was  located  principally  on  the 
upper  floor  of  the  Galerie  Desaix;  one  of  the  plates  shows  a  sniall 
part  of  the  United  States  Exhibit  and  a  general  view  of  the  Galerie 
Desaix.  Uo  better  or  more  extensive  view  could  be  obtained  of  the 
United  States  Section,  the  light  from  the  windows  rendering  it  im¬ 
possible  to  get  a  proper  photograph.  A  plan  is  given  of  the  United 
States  Section  in  Group  II. 

Adjoining  the  Galeries  Desaix  and  Rapp,  and  near  and  parallel 
with  Avenue  de  Suffren  and  Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais  respectively, 
were  located  the  Palaces  of  Liberal  Arts  and  of  Fine  Arts,  each  of 
which  wxas  754  feet  long  by  269  feet  wide,  and  covered  a  ground  area 
of  over  200,000  square  feet.  The  main  center  parts  of  the  buildings 
were  175  feet  wide  with  extensions  of  49  feet  on  each  side,  these  exten¬ 
sions  having  upper  floors  23  feet  above  the  ground  floor.  In  the  Pal¬ 
ace  of  Liberal  Arts  a  balcony  at  the  height  of  the  upper  floor  pro¬ 
jected  into  the  nave,  and  was  connected  by  bridges  to  the  upper  floor  of 
the  installations  in  the  central  part  of  that  building.  This  project¬ 
ing  balcony  did  not  exist  in  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts. 

Illustrations  of  these  buildings  are  given  as  follows :  A  perspective 
of  the  interior  of  the  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts,  and  an  exterior  view  of 
the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts,  the  exterior  of  the  Palace  of  Liberal  Arts 
being  similar  to  it.  Other  illustrations  of  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts 
and  of  the  United  States  Exhibit  in  that  section  will  be  found  in  the 
report  of  the  expert  commissioner  on  Group  I. 

In  all  these  buildings  except  the  Palace  of  Fine  Arts  the  space 
allotted  by  the  French  administration  was  devoid  of  finish  of  any 
kind.  All  of  the  inside  constructions,  the  flooring,  the  decoration, 
and  the  installations  for  exhibits  had  to  be  provided  by  the  various 
commissions  or  the  exhibitors.  All  of  the  buildings  were  well 
lighted  by  roof  lights,  and  also  by  side  lights  where  practicable. 

Those  parts  of  the  ground  floors  of  the  Industrial  Courts  and  of 
the  Palaces  of  Liberal  Arts  and  of  Fine  Arts  which  bordered  on  the 
garden  of  the  Champ  de  Mars  were  used  as  restaurants,  lunch 
rooms,  beer  halls,  etc.,  and  are  so  indicated  on  the  plan.  One  view 
is  shown  to  give  an  idea  of  the  veranda  or  covered  promenade, 
over  which  the  roofs  of  the  buildings  extended.  Under  that  part  of 
this  covered  way  adjoining  the  restaurants  were  placed  seats  and 


REPORT  OF  THE  ENGINEER. 


49 


tables  for  the  accommodation  of  the  hungry  crowds  in  pleasant 
weather. 

The  principal  fronts  of  all  these  buildings  were  located  on  the  in¬ 
closed  garden  of  the  Champ  de  Mars,  and  the  principal  ornamenta¬ 
tion  and  architectural  effect  were  given  to  the  parts  of  the  buildings 
seen  from  the  garden.  Those  portions  of  the  Champ  de  Mars  and 
Trocaddro  not  covered  by  buildings  and  walks  were  tastefully  orna¬ 
mented  with  trees,  shrubbery,  parterres  of  flowers,  cascades,  and 
beautiful  fountains,  and  the  best  artistic  talent  had  been  employed 
to  make  the  interior  views  of  the  Exposition  attractive  and  fascinat¬ 
ing.  At  night  the  gardens  and  exteriors  of  the  principal  buildings 
were  brilliantly  lighted  by  lines,  festoons,  and  other  ornamental 
forms  composed  of  electric  lamps  and  gas  jets,  and  the  beautiful 
luminous  fountains  with  their  ever-changing  colors  completed  a 
radiant  spectacle  of  marvelous  beauty. 

Throughout  the  grounds  were  numerous  special  buildings,  charac¬ 
teristic  in  design  and  ornamental  in  appearance,  which  were  erected 
by  various  commissions  and  exhibitors. 

It  is  not  possible  to  speak  of  this  great  Exposition  without  men¬ 
tioning  the  colossal  “  tower  of  three  hundred  meters  ”  (984  feet),  as  it 
is  termed  on  the  French  plans,  generally  called  the  Eiffel  Tower, 
from  the  name  of  its  constructor  ;  the  reader  is  therefore  informed 
that  a  full  description,  with  many  illustrations,  of  this  great  engi¬ 
neering  work  is  embodied  in  the  report  of  the  expert  commissioner 
of  Group  VI,  in  one  of  the  subsequent  volumes. 

Two  views  of  the  garden  of  the  Champ  de  Mars  and  the  buildings 
bordering  on  it  are  shown,  one  giving  the  luminous  fountains  and 
the  central  dome  beyond,  the  other  being  a  panorama  from  a  photo¬ 
graph  taken  on  the  first  landing  of  the  Eiffel  Tower. 

In  the  panorama  of  the  garden  of  the  Champ  de  Mars  are  seen  at 
a  glance  all  the  principal  buildings  of  the  Exposition.  On  the  right 
and  left,  in  the  immediate  foreground,  are  the  Palaces  of  Liberal 
Arts  and  Fine  Arts  respectively.  These  are  nearly  identical  in  every 
particular,  and  are  located  symmetrically  with  regard  to  each  other. 
The  centers  of  both  buildings  are  surmounted  with  domes  nearly 
two  hundred  feet  high,  glazed  at  the  top,  and  covered  externally 
lower  down  with  enameled  tiles  in  various  harmonious  colors  and 
designs.  The  ends  of  Galeries  Desaix  and  Rapp  next  appear,  pro¬ 
jecting  beyond  these  palaces,  about  the  center  of  the  garden,  and 
farther  along  come  into  view  the  Industrial  Courts,  stretching  away 
to  the  grand  roof  of  the  Machinery  Hall  in  the  middle  distance.  In 
the  center  of  the  garden  is  the  monumental  fountain,  representing 
France  steering  the  Ship  of  Progress,  and  beyond  this  the  principal 
entrance  of  the  Exposition,  crowned  by  the  magnificent  central  dome, 
supporting  a  colossal  statue  of  France  distributing  laurels.  On  either 
H.  Ex.  410 - 4 


50 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


side  of  the  center  of  the  garden  are  seen  parallel  lines  of  walks,  cov¬ 
ered  by  light  frames  roofed  with  colored  canvas,  to  protect  the  pub¬ 
lic  from  the  weather.  Similar  transverse  covered  walks  connected 
with  these  and  led  to  the  Galeries  Desaix  and  Rapp. 

The  United  States  had  no  exhibit  on  the  Trocad^ro,  which  was  de¬ 
voted  principally  to  the  Horticultural  Exhibition,  and  which  has  not 
been  essentially  changed  since  the  Exposition  of  1878. 

The  Agricultural  Galleries  were  located  on  the  Quai  d’Orsay. 
The  space  allotted  to  the  United  States  in  these  galleries  is  shown  on 
the  plans.  An  interior  view  of  the  U nited  States  Section  gives  also 
an  idea  of  the  construction  of  these  galleries.  They  were  formed  of 
rows  of  wrought-iron  columns  about  forty-eight  feet  apart  covered 
Avith  iron  roof-frames  glazed.  The  sides  of  the  galleries  nearest  the 
street  and  river  were  bricked  up  to  a  height  of  about  ten  or  twelve 
feet  above  the  floor,  and  were  glazed  from  that  level  to  the  eaves  of 
the  roof.  The  opposite  sides  of  the  galleries  were  left  without  solid 
construction  by  the  French  administration,  to  be  closed  only  by 
canvas  curtains.  The  United  States  Commission,  however,  inclosed 
its  section  by  solid  wood  and  glass  partitions  on  the  sides  originally 
left  open. 

Upon  the  Esplanade  des  Invalides  were  located  various  agricult¬ 
ural  exhibits,  including  the  Special  Pavilion  of  Walter  A.  Wood; 
also  the  exhibits  of  the  French  War  Department,  of  the  French  Colo¬ 
nies,  of  Hygiene,  of  Social  Economy,  etc. 

A  branch  of  the  railroad  which  makes  a  circuit  of  Paris  and  con¬ 
nects  with  all  the  railway  lines  entering  the  city  terminated  near  the 
western  corner  of  the  Champ  de  Mars.  From  the  station,  shown  on 
the  plans,  tracks  of  standard  gauge  were  laid  into  the  grounds  and 
buildings,  which  were  used  for  the  delivery  of  freight  before  the 
opening  and  for  its  removal  after  the  close.  During  the  term  of  the 
Exposition  the  tracks  in  the  buildings  were  covered  by  movable 
wooden  platforms,  constructed  so  as  to  form  parts  of  the  flooring. 

A  double-track  narrow-gauge  railway  was  established  and  oper¬ 
ated  by  the  Decauville  Company,  for  the  transportation  of  visitors 
between  distant  points  within  the  Exposition  grounds.  It  was  also 
used  for  the  transfer  of  freight  before  the  date  of  opening.  The 
track  was  about  23i-inch  gauge  and  about  two  miles  long.  It  started 
from  a  station  at  the  principal  entrance  of  the  Esplanade  des  In¬ 
valides,  facing  the  Ministry  of  Foreign  Affairs,  followed  the  Quai 
d’Orsay,  crossing  the  end  of  the  Champ  de  Mars,  to  the  Avenue  de 
Suffren,  and  passed  alongside  that  avenue  to  the  terminal  station 
near  the  southern  corner  of  Machinery  Hall.  There  were  three  or 
four  intermediate  stations.  As  a  means  of  passenger  conveyance 
this  railway  was  of  little  use  to  the  persons  connected  with  the 
United  States  Commission,  the  stations  not  being  convenient  either 
to  the  headquarters  of  the  Commission  or  to  the  localities  occupied 


REPORT  OF  THE  ENGINEER, 


51 


by  the  United  States  exhibits.  The  Decanville  Company  furnished, 
however,  a  portable  railway  of  smaller  gauge,  an  improvement  on 
the  system  introduced  by  Peteler  in  the  United  States  more  than 
twenty  years  ago,  which  was  found  very  useful  and  convenient  in 
transferring  freight  between  the  United  States  departments,  in  con¬ 
nection  with  the  standard  gauge  railroad,  and  for  moving  cases 
within  the  sections.  For  this  reason  and  because  the  Decauville 
railway  system  was  one  of  the  features  of  the  Exposition,  it  may 
not  be  inappropriate  to  give  a  brief  description  of  it  here.  One  of 
the  plates  contains  four  cuts,  illustrating  parts  of  the  system. 

The  Decauville  improvement  in  the  track  consists  in  permanently 
framing  together  light  steel  rails  with  flat  steel  cross-pieces  or 
sleepers,  thus  composing  a  series  of  portable  sections  or  bays  hav¬ 
ing  the  appearance  of  ladders,  and  varying  in  length  from  four  to 
sixteen  feet,  one  length  of  sixteen  feet  weighing  about  one  hundred 
and  twelve  pounds.  With  very  little  labor  the  sections  of  track  are 
put  down  anywhere  on  the  ground  or  floor,  and  they  can  be  taken 
up  and  relaid  in  any  desired  direction.  Each  rail  has  at  one  end  a 
base-plate  and  at  the  other  end  two  fish-plates,  and  the  junction  of 
two  contiguous  sections  is  made  in  a  moment  by  simply  fitting  the 
ends  of  the  rails  of  one  bay  between  the  fish-plates  on  the  ends  of  the 
next  one.  If  the  track  is  only  to  be  used  temporarily,  no  other 
fastening  of  the  bays  is  required,  but  the  fish-plates  at  the  end  of  the 
rails  are  drilled,  and  corresponding  holes  are  made  in  the  rails  at  the 
other  ends,  so  that  the  sections  of  track  can  be  readily  bolted  to¬ 
gether  if  the  track  is  intended  to  remain  in  place  and  to  carry  loco¬ 
motives,  passenger-cars,  or  heavy  freight-trucks.  Curves  framed 
in  the  same  manner  are  supplied  in  lengths  from  four  to  eight  feet 
with  different  radii  from  six  to  ninety-eight  feet.  Turn-tables,  mov¬ 
able  switches,  crossings,  etc. ,  are  also  provided,  all  being  formed  in 
sections  that  can  be  carried  and  put  down  by  one  man.  By  these 
means  either  a  temporary  track  can  be  quickly  made  ready  for  use, 
or  a  complete  railway  line  may  be  established  and  equipped  for  per¬ 
manent  service.  Various  styles  of  trucks  are  provided,  from  the 
little  wagons  of  thin  iron,  which  were  found  so  handy  for  delivering 
small  cases  in  the  sections,  to  strong  heavy  trucks  with  three  or  four 
axles,  constructed  for  special  uses.  By  combining  two  or  more  of 
these  trucks  on  the  same  track  or  on  parallel  tracks  great  weights 
can  be  readily  distributed  and  large  objects  easily  handled.  The  23-}- 
inch  gauge  Decauville  Railway  has  been  adopted  by  the  French 
Government  for  the  transportation  of  ordnance  weighing  16  tons 
upon  two  trucks  with  three  axles,  and  even  48  tons  upon  four  trucks 
with  four  axles.  For  moving  long  objects,  like  timber  or  heavy 
ordnance,  swiveling-forks  are  placed  on  the  trucks,  by  means  of 
which  curves  as  sharp  as  18  feet  radius  can  be  rounded.  The  Decau¬ 
ville  system  has  been  much  used  for  mining  and  agricultural  pur- 


52 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


poses.  A  type  of  locomotive  was  employed  on  the  railway  line  of 
the  Exposition  which  was  specially  designed  by  Mr.  Mallet,  to  be  used 
for  military  transportation  purposes  on  Decauville  railroads. 

The  organization  of  the  United  States  Commission  having  been 
made  in  New  York,  and  the  preliminary  work  performed  there  under 
your  personal  supervision,  it  only  devolves  upon  me  to  give  a  brief 
account  of  the  operations  at  Paris  from  the  commencement  of  the 
preparation  of  our  sections  until  the  end  of  the  Exposition,  and  of 
the  subsequent  return  of  the  exhibits  to  the  United  States,  and  the 
closing  up  of  the  business  of  the  Commission  in  Europe. 

Upon  my  arrival  at  the  Exposition  on  the  11th  day  of  March,  1889, 
I  found  the  flooring  already  laid  in  our  section  in  the  Industrial 
Courts,  and  the  partitions  erected  that  separated  the  United  States, 
from  the  adjoining  countries  in  the  same  groups.  Nearly  all  the  con¬ 
structions  and  decorations  required  to  put  the  Industrial  and  Educa¬ 
tional  Sections  into  a  presentable  condition  for  the  installation  of 
exhibits,  had  already  been  ordered  by  Lieut.  B.  H.  Buckingham, 
U.  S.  Navy,  and  the  contractor  was  progressing  with  the  work,  under 
the  instructions  of  that  accomplished  and  experienced  officer.  These* 
constructions  and  decorations  consisted  chiefly  of  an  ornamental 
fagade  fronting  on  the  Vestibule  des  Nations,  and  designed  to  be 
the  principal  entrance  of  our  department;  the  partitions  separating 
the  United  States  sections  from  the  neighboring  countries ;  the  floor¬ 
ing  in  some  of  the  sections  ;  the  hanging  of  velums  or  tinted  mus¬ 
lin  shades,  and  of  ornamental  cords  and  pendants  under  the  roof 
lights,  and  of  painted  canvas  in  various  places  on  partitions  and 
walls;  the  painting  and  general  embellishment,  including  that  of  the 
constructive  features  of  the  buildings. 

The  decorations  throughout  were  of  a  modest  and  simple  character, 
appropriate  to  our  exposition,  and  consistent  with  the  small  amount 
of  the  appropriation  at  the  disposal  of  the  Commission.  The  names, 
and  coats  of  arms  of  the  different  States  of  the  Union  were  displayed 
in  panels  and  on  shields  in  conspicuous  places  in  the  Industrial  Sec¬ 
tion.  The  United  States  flag  was  lavishly  used  for  beautifying  our 
departments,  and  proved  to  be  an  invaluable  auxiliary  in  giving  a 
respectable  appearance  to  many  of  our  poorly  adorned  sections  and 
exhibits.  The  Commission  was  indebted  to  Messrs.  Cheney  Brothers, 
of  Manchester,  Conn.,  for  furnishing  gratuitously  a  large  number 
of  their  beautiful  silk  flags,  which  were  used  for  decorative  purposes. 
The  French  tricolor  was  also  brpught  into  requisition  and  combined 
in  trophies  with  our  own  stars  and  stripes. 

The  floors  put  down  by  the  Commission  in  the  Industrial,  Educa¬ 
tional,  and  Machinery  Sections  consisted  of  ordinary  flooring  boards 
li  inch  thick.  These  were  laid  on  the  floor  joists  in  the  Liberal  Art 
Gallery,  our  space  there  being  on  the  upper  floor,  and  in  other  places 
on  sleepers  bedded  in  the  earth.  In  the  Machinery  Hall  li  inch  floor- 


REPORT  OF  THE  ENGINEER. 


53 


ing  was  laid  in  the  passages  only  by  the  French  administration;  that 
in  the  space  occupied  by  the  exhibits  being  furnished  by  the  United 
States  Commission,  except  in  cases  of  special  floors  put  in  by  exhib¬ 
itors. 

Asphalt  floors  were  put  down  by  the  Commission  in  the  Agricult¬ 
ural  Galleries. 

Wooden  partitions  were  erected  in  the  Industrial,  the  Educational, 
and  the  Agricultural  Sections  on  the  lines  dividing  our  spaces  from 
those  of  the  adjoining  countries.  These  partitions  were  constructed 
according  to  the  requirements  of  the  French  regulations,  and  the 
expense  was  shared  equally  by  the  commissions  whose  spaces  they 
limited. 

At  the  time  of  my  arrival  the  first  lots  of  goods  shipped  from  the 
United  States  had  reached  the  Exposition,  and  the  following  lots 
continued  to  arrive  promptly.  Some  trouble  and  delay  were  caused 
by  the  delivery  of  cases  where  they  did  not  belong.  The  railroad 
company  loaded  cars  at  Havre  to  suit  their  own  convenience,  with¬ 
out  assorting  the  exhibits  for  the  several  groups,  and  many  cases 
were  on  this  account  sent  to  the  Machinery  Hall  that  should  have 
gone  to  the  Industrial  and  other  sections,  and  vice  versa.  These 
cases  were  transferred  to  their  proper  places  later,  mostly  by  the 
Decauville  Company,  who  furnished  the  Commission  with  the  nec¬ 
essary  labor  and  with  their  portable  railway,  which,  employed  in 
connection  with  the  established  railroad  tracks,  proved  to  be  a  useful 
device  for  this  purpose,  and  also  for  moving  cases  from  place  to  place 
within  the  sections. 

The  space  allotted  to  the  United  States  in  the  Machinery  Hall 
being  inadequate  to  meet  the  demands  of  all  persons  who  had  made 
application  to  exhibit  products  belonging  to  the  sixth  group,  while  the 
•space  granted  in  the  Industrial  Sections  was  greater  than  was 
required,  as  a  measure  of  relief  permission  had  been  obtained  from 
the  French  administration  to  locate  some  of  the  machinery  exhibits 
in  these  last-named  sections.  A  considerable  portion  of  the  electri¬ 
cal  apparatus  was  therefore  assigned  to  the  Industrial  Court,  as 
were  also  apparatus  and  appliances  for  civil  engineering,  including 
building  hardware,  mechanics’  tools,  etc.  ;  also  the  carriage- work 
and  some  other  classes. 

Plans  for  the  allotment  of  space  in  the  different  sections  had  been 
made  in  New  York  previous  to  my  departure,  placing  the  various 
kinds  of  products  together,  in  accordance  with  the  system  of  the 
French  classification.  Great  difficulty  had  been  experienced  in  pro¬ 
viding  places  for  all  applicants.  Formal  permits  for  space  had 
been  given  by  the  Commission,  which  had  been  as  formally  accepted 
by  the  applicants,  and  according  to  the  best  information  then  at 
the  disposal  of  the  Commission,  the  United  States  sections  were 
likely  to  be  filled  to  overflowing.  A  few  days  after  my  arrival  at 


54 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Paris,  however,  notices  of  the  withdrawal  of  applications  com¬ 
menced  to  arrive,  and  they  continued  to  pour  in  from  time  to  time 
by  cable  and  mail  until  the  opening  day.  The  dereliction  of  many 
important  applicants  in  failing  to  occupy  the  spaces  allotted  to  them 
in  New  York  caused  continual  changes  of  the  plans,  and  entirely 
defeated  all  efforts  at  placing  the  products  acccording  to  the  proper 
classification.  Many  of  the  spaces  allotted  were  never  filled  at  all. 
Especially  did  much  of  the  machinery  promised  fail  to  arrive,  and 
great  voids  were  thus  left  in  Machinery  Hall,  giving  our  exhibit  a 
meager  appearance  in  comparison  with  the  crowded  sections  of  all 
other  countries,  and  causing  unfavorable  comments  in  consequence. 
These  vacancies  might  have  been  creditably  filled  if  the  Commission 
had  known  of  it  in  time  to  obtain  the  products  of  other  manufact¬ 
urers.  Many  late  applicants,  to  whom  space  could  not  be  awarded 
originally,  would  have  been  glad  to  send  their  products,  to  the  great 
advantage  of  our  display,  if  they  had  not  been  kept  away  by  those 
who  had  obtained  space  and  then  failed  to  occupy  it. 

As  exhibitors  and  their  agents  arrived  and  took  possession  of  the 
special  places  assigned  them  and  commenced  or  completed  their  in¬ 
stallations,  it  was  often  impossible  to  move  them  to  other  parts  of  the 
sections,  and  the  most  of  those  who  were  present  were  unwilling  to 
change  the  location  of  their  exhibits  in  order  to  accommodate  others, 
or  to  keep  together  the  products  belonging  to  the  same  classes. 
Some  of  the  exhibitors  and  their  goods  arrived  late  in  Paris.  There 
were  instances  in  which  it  was  supposed  that  they  would  not  be 
present  at  all;  and  as  the  time  of  the  opening  approached,  persons 
who  were  present  were  allowed  to  move  their  exhibits  into  positions 
originally  intended  for  others  who  had  not  arrived,  in  order  that  the 
front  spaces  at  least  in  all  sections  might  be  creditably  filled  before  the 
opening  day.  Some  of  these  tardy  persons  who  arrived  later  were 
much  dissatisfied  that  the  spaces  had  not  been  kept  for  them  until  they 
found  it  convenient  to  come,  although  due  notice  had  been  given  that 
the  exhibits  were  required  to  be  in  place  earlier. 

Some  vacancies  left  by  withdrawals  were  filled  by  exhibits  that 
were  offered  later  in  Paris,  but  as  it  was  not  always  possible  to  ob¬ 
tain  products  belonging  to  the  same  class  as  those  for  which  the 
space  had  originally  been  awarded,  articles  belonging  to  other  classes 
had  to  be  substituted,  and  thus  was  prevented  the  systematic  ar¬ 
rangement  in  the  order  of  the  French  classification  originally  in¬ 
tended. 

It  is  by  no  means  easy  to  suggest  the  proper  means  by  which 
this  could  be  prevented,  but  it  may  be  well  to  recommend  that  in 
the  case  of  future  foreign  exhibitions  applicants  for  space  should 
be  obliged  to  deposit  a  suitable  sum  to  be  forfeited  if  they  break 
their  agreements  with  the  Commission,  or  else  that  they  should  bo 
required  to  pay  for  the  spaces  allotted  to  them.  In  this  latter  caso 


REPORT  OF  THE  ENGINEER. 


55 


they  would  not  be  inclined  to  engage  more  space  than  they  actually 
need,  nor  would  they  be  likely  to  pay  for  any  space  unless  they 
really  intended  to  occupy  it.  Money  received  for  space  thus  dis¬ 
posed  of  could  be  properly  and  advantageously  used  for  the  decora¬ 
tion  of  the  sections  or  for  proper  installations  for  the  exhibits 
themselves,  and  by  this  means  also  a  more  suitable  disposition  of 
the  installations  could  be  effected. 

In  comparison  with  the  symmetrical  arrangement  and  elegant 
installations  of  the  French  departments  our  sections  suffered  greatly. 
The  United  States  Commission  had  very  little  money  to  use  even 
for  the  necessary  constructions  and  the  general  decorations  in  its 
sections,  and  no  funds  at  all  to  apply  to  the  installation  and  proper 
adornment  of  the  individual  exhibits.  To  the  decision  of  each  exhib¬ 
itor  therefore  had  to  be  left,  under  certain  restrictions,  the  arrange¬ 
ment,  installation,  and  adornment  of  his  particular  space,  which 
necessarily  affected  the  general  aspect  of  the  section.  The  little 
time  at  our  disposal  rendered  it  impossible  to  obtain  any  concert  of 
action  between  the  exhibitors,  and  we  had  no  power  to  compel  them 
to  construct  their  installations  in  any  particular  style  or  manner. 
Some  exhibitors  seemed  rather  inclined  to  have  their  exhibits  as 
unlike  as  possible  to  those  of  their  neighbors,  in  order  perhaps  to 
make  them  more  conspicuous.  In  this  way  exhibits  widely  dissim¬ 
ilar  in  size  and  appearance  were  located  in  close  proximity  to  each 
other.  Many  of  the  exhibitors,  indeed,  expended  considerable  sums 
on  fine  show-cases  and  other  installations  for  their  products;  but 
even  where  several  of  these  were  located  together,  the  styles  of  their 
cases  and  other  constructions  were  so  dissimilar  that  the  general 
appearance  of  the  section  gained  little  from  the  best  of  them. 

The  resulting  fortuitous  assemblage  of  incongruous  objects,  lo¬ 
cated  in  an  extensive  gallery  devoid  of  interior  architectural  features 
and  of  ornamental  installations  arranged  according  to  a  matured 
plan,  produced  anything  but  an  imposing  general  effect.  It  can  be 
easily  understood  how  those  who  judge  by  the  impressions  received 
from  the  first  view  of  an  exhibition,  without  looking  beneath  the 
surface  for  the  merits  of  the  products,  may  have  formed  an  erro¬ 
neous  estimate  of  the  importance  of  the  United  States  Exhibit.  Let 
me  remark  here,  however,  that  the  juries,  disregarding  the  sur¬ 
roundings  and  devoting  their  attention  solely  to  the  products  exhib¬ 
ited,  did  them  ample  justice,  and  proved  by  the  number  and  impor¬ 
tance  of  the  recompenses  awarded  that  the  United  States  Exhibit 
was  second  to  none  in  this  unequaled  Exposition. 

In  the  French  divisions  much  time  and  money  had  been  spent  and 
great  pains  had  been  taken  to  render  all  their  constructions,  instal¬ 
lations,  and  decorations  appropriate  in  character  and  harmonious 
and  captivating  in  appearance.  Committees  composed  of  officers  of 
the  French  administration  conjointly  with  the  exhibitors  themselves 


56 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


had  been  engaged  for  months,  if  not  for  years,  on  the  preliminary 
work.  Architects  had  been  employed  for  each  class,  and  had  given 
protracted  study  to  the  designing  of  the  interior  constructions  in 
combination  with  the  installations  for  the  exhibits;  and  the  art  of 
the  best  decorators,  cabinet-makers,  and  upholsterers  had  been  called 
into  requisition  to  perfect  the  charming  displays  and  to  produce  the 
admirable  general  effects  found  everywhere  in  these  groups.  All  of 
the  show-cases  and  other  particular  installations  were  required  to  be 
subservient  to  the  general  design,  and  many  of  them  were  as  attract¬ 
ive  as  the  exhibits  they  were  created  to  display.  The  fees  of  the 
architects  and  the  cost  of  the  entire  work  were  paid  by  the  exhibit¬ 
ors  in  proportion  to  the  amount  of  space  occupied.  Views  of  the  in¬ 
terior  of  one  of  the  French  Industrial  Courts  and  of  the  Thirty-Meter 
Gallery  are  given  to  illustrate  the  above  remarks  and  to  show  the 
construction  of  the  buildings.  The  interior  of  the  court  is  from  a 
photograph  taken  after  the  close  of  the  Exposition,  when  the  hang¬ 
ings  and  exhibits  had  been  removed  and  the  railroad  tracks  uncov¬ 
ered;  but  even  in  this  dismantled  condition,  it  retained  its  elegant 
appearance. 

Part  of  the  exhibit  of  the  Yale  and  Towne  Manufacturing  Com¬ 
pany  consisted  of  a  model  post-office,  which  was  erected  in  the  In¬ 
dustrial  Section  and  was  used  by  the  Commission  for  the  posting  and 
distribution  of  mail  matter  for  the  exhibitors  and  persons  connected 
with  the  United  States  department.  This  model  post-office  was  com¬ 
pletely  equipped  with  letter-windows,  letter-drops,  lock-boxes,  etc., 
and  was  of  great  service  and  convenience  to  the  Commission  and 
the  exhibitors.  It  attracted  general  attention  and  was  highly  praised 
by  visitors. 

The  United  States  Exhibit  in  Class  61,  railroad  supplies  and  ap¬ 
pliances,  left  much  to  be  desired.  After  space  in  this  department 
had  first  been  obtained,  the  United  States  Commission  made  earnest 
efforts  with  railroad  people  to  get  a  proper  representation  in  this 
important  class,  but  the  same  answer  came  from  nearly  all  persons 
to  whom  the  subject  was  presented,  viz,  that  it  was  useless  for  them 
to  exhibit  because  our  railroad  system  was  different  from  those  of 
Europe,  and  because  American  railroad  companies  and  manufact¬ 
urers  could  gain  no  business  advantage  from  the  trouble  and 
expense  of  sending  exhibits  to  Paris.  This  seemed  so  certain,  and 
it  appeared  so  unlikely  that  any  individuals  or  companies  would,  from 
motives  of  patriotism  solely,  furnish  exhibits  sufficient  to  illustrate 
our  railroad  system,  that  it  was  determined  to  cable  to  Paris  that 
the  space  allowed  in  this  class  would  be  relinquished.  This  was  ac¬ 
cordingly  done,  but  through  some  misconception  of  the  order  cabled, 
the  French  authorities  were  not  informed  that  the  space  was  not  re¬ 
quired.  When  this  fact  became  known  at  the  New  York  office  of 
the  Commission  some  time  later,  a  fresh  effort  was  made  to  get  a 


REPORT  OF  THE  ENGINEER. 


57 


proper  exhibit  for  the  class;  but  the  time  was  then  very  short,  and 
manufacturers  of  such  materials  were  generally  unwilling  to  send 
over  goods.  Some  few  things  were  obtained,  and  an  earnest  appeal 
was  made  to  certain  companies  to  send  exhibits.  We  were  obliged 
to  fill  up  the  space  with  various  material  and  appliances,  made  for 
the  use  of  railroads,  which  actually  belonged  to  other  classes ;  such 
as  railroad  paints,  which  belonged  as  paints  in  Class  45 ;  electric 
motors  used  on  railroads,  which  belonged  as  electrical  apparatus  in 
Class  62 ;  and  some  road-making  and  repairing  machines,  which, 
although  used  on  railroads,  belonged  properly  in  Class  63. 

The  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  alone  responded  to  the  call 
of  the  Commission,  and  sent  a  collection  of  its  materials  and  con¬ 
structions,  which,  with  the  Porter  locomotive  and  the  Wickes  refrig¬ 
erator  car,  saved  the  railroad  department  from  actual  ridicule.  Part 
of  the  exhibit  of  the  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  consisted  of 
sections  of  cars,  which  showed  the  constructions  better  than  the 
entire  cars,  took  up  much  less  space,  and  cost  less  to  make  and  send. 
This  entire  exhibit  was  presented  at  the  close  of  the  Exposition  to 
the  French  School  of  Arts  and  Manufactures  and  a  French  railway 
company  ;  none  of  it  came  back  to  the  United  States.  The  appear¬ 
ance  of  the  railroad  section  was  the  occasion  of  much  comment 
among  the  American  visitors  and  others,  believing,  as  they  did,  that 
the  United  States  is  pre-eminent  in  this  class,  and  gave  rise,  among 
other  witticisms  to  the  remark  that  the  section  looked  like  the 
scene  of  a  “railroad  accident.”  This  referred  probably  to  the  parts 
of  cars,  trucks,  etc.,  shown,  but  never  was  anything  less  of  an  acci¬ 
dent.  On  the  contrary,  the  fine  exhibit  of  the  Pennsylvania  Com¬ 
pany  was  prepared  by  them,  at  the  request  of  the  Commission,  with 
the  patriotic  design  of  making  a  display  of  parts  of  their  apparatus, 
and  the  jury  in  this  class,  composed  of  the  most  eminent  railroad 
engineers  in  Europe,  were  able  to  recognize  its  merit,  which  they  ac¬ 
knowledged  by  awarding  it  a  grand  prize,  the  highest  recompense 
in  their  gift.  In  spite  of  all  efforts,  however,  the  space  in  this  class 
was  not  filled  until  the  month  of  September,  near  the  close  of  the 
Exposition,  when  a  late  comer  appeared  with  the  tubular  iron  car 
and  closed  up  the  void.  If  any  discredit  existed  for  the  incomplete¬ 
ness  of  the  railroad  exhibit,  it  should  rest,  not  upon  those  who  par¬ 
ticipated  in  it,  but  upon  the  wealthy  railroad  corporations  and  the 
manufacturers,  who  refused  to  come  to  the  aid  of  the  Commission 
in  its  efforts  to  make  a  proper  showing  of  our  progress  in  this  de¬ 
partment,  and  who  declined  to  send  their  improved  apparatus  and 
appliances,  because  there  was  “no  business  in  it.” 

As  may  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  general  plan,  the  United  States 
sections  were  widely  separated.  A  table  is  given  below,  showing 
the  distance  between  the  various  points  occupied. 


58 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Approximate  distances  in  feet  between  different  points  occupied  by 
the  United  States,  following  the  roads. 


A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

E. 

F. 

G. 

H. 

A. 

B. 

C. 

D. 

E. 

F. 

a. 

H. 

0 

1,600 
1,550 
2, 100 
2,300 
3,470 
4,770 
670 

0 

50 

2,050 
1,300 
4,200 
5, 500 
1,860 

0 

1,250 

750 

4,150 

5,450 

1,620 

0 

350 

4,700 

6,0C0 

1,900 

0 

4,900 
6, 200 
2, 400 

0 

1,150 

2,800 

0 

4,100 

0 

Between  the  United  States  sections  in  Machinery  Hall  and  the 
Agricultural  Galleries,  by  way  of  Decauville  Railroad,  about  two 
and  one-third  miles. 

The  great  distances  between  the  sections  made  necessary  an  in¬ 
crease  of  force  to  superintend  and  guard  them.  The  average  force 
employed  during  the  continuance  of  the  Exposition  was  about  as 
follows: 

Five  superintendents  of  sections,  one  each  to  the  Palace  of  Liberal 
Arts,  Industrial  Courts,  Machinery  Hall,  and  Agricultural  Galleries. 

Assistant  superintendents  were  also  necessary  in  the  Palaces  of 
Liberal  Arts  and  of  Machines,  and  in  the  Agricultural  departments. 

Other  assistants  were  necessary  to  go  between  these  sections  for 
various  duties. 

The  force  of  guardians,  who  were  also  employed  during  the  early 
hours  to  clean  the  sections,  averaged  about  as  follows: 


Department. 

Guard¬ 

ians. 

Educational . 

2 

Industrial . 

7 

Electrical . 

2 

Machinery . 

6 

Railroad . 

1 

Agricultural . 

4 

Much  time  of  employes  was  lost  in  sending  men  between  the  sec¬ 
tions.  Sometimes,  in  going  between  the  Machinery  Hall  and  Agri¬ 
cultural  Gallery,  the  Decauville  Railway  was  used,  but  even  then  a 
considerable  distance  had  to  be  walked  to  reach  the  station,  and  no 
time  was  gained;  the  total  distance  between  these  two  points  by  this 
route  being  over  two  miles,  and  the  time  required  being  about  half 
an  hour  by  either  route. 

The  United  States  Marines,  whose  fine  appearance  contributed 
much  to  the  good  effect  of  our  departments,  were  of  great  use  to 
the  Commission  in  preserving  order  and  discipline  in  the  sections, 


REPORT  OF  THE  ENGINEER. 


59 


and  their  services  were  especially  valuable  during  the  closing  days 
in  guarding  property  when  most  exposed  while  being  packed  up  for 
removal.  The  presence  of  the  Marines  enabled  the  Commission  to 
save  the  employment  of  one  guardian  in  the  railroad  section  and 
one  in  the  Machinery  Hall  Gallery.  Elsewhere  the  number  of 
guardians  could  not  be  reduced,  as  all  those  employed  were  necessary 
to  clean  the  sections  in  the  morning  and  to  keep  them  in  order  during 
the  day.  I  do  not  consider  it  proper  for  me  to  do  more  than  mention 
the  marines  in  this  way  here.  You  will  doubtless  give  them  full 
credit  in  your  report  for  the  advantage  that  the  Commission  derived 
from  their  presence  at  Paris. 

The  exhibitors  and  their  representatives  commenced  to  arrive  in 
the  early  part  of  April,  and  to  unpack  their  goods  and  get  them  into 
position,  and  from  this  time  until  late  into  the  month  of  May  our 
sections  were  alive  with  busy  workmen  arranging  exhibits  in  their 
installations.  In  many  cases  where  exhibitors  neither  came  to  Paris 
nor  employed  agents,  the  packages  were  opened  and  the  goods  were 
put  into  place  by  the  employes  of  the  Commission.  Except  in  the 
section  of  Liberal  Arts,  where  the  building  itself  was  not  completed, 
the  most  of  the  exhibitors  to  whom  space  had  been  allotted  in  Yew 
York  had  their  exhibits  in  place  by  the  opening  day.  Later  comers 
who  got  space  (some  indeed  came  over  with  their  goods  without 
having  secured  space)  were  not  ready  until  some  time  after. 

Our  steam-engines  arrived  and  were  on  their  foundations  in  ample 
time,  but  they  were  not  used  until  the  latter  part  of  May,  as  the 
French  administration  had  not  run  the  steam-pipes  into  our  section, 
and  the  steam  supply  could  not  be  obtained.  The  Brown  engine 
commenced  running  on  the  23d  of  May,  and  the  Straight  Line  engines 
two  or  three  days  later. 

The  boilers  which  supplied  the  steam  used  in  the  Machinery  Hal] 
were  located  around  the  edifice  in  separate  buildings,  erected  by 
exhibitors  and  contractors  for  that  purpose,  as  may  be  seen  by  ref¬ 
erence  to  the  plans. 

Steam,  water,  and  gas  were  gratuitously  furnished  by  the  French 
administration.  The  French  authorities  contracted  with  an  English 
firm  for  the  steam  supply  in  our  section  in  the  Machinery  Hall.  The 
supply  was  uncertain,  and  the  service  of  the  steam  was  unsatisfac¬ 
tory.  For  a  considerable  time  after  the  opening  of  the  Exposition 
it  was  hardly  to  be  depended  on  at  all,  and  during  the  continuation 
of  the  Exposition  the  quantity  of  steam  required  was  often  not 
available,  and  dissatisfaction  was  expressed  by  some  of  our  exhibit¬ 
ors  on  this  account. 

The  main  piping  for  the  steam,  cold  water,  and  gas  supply,  and 
for  the  removal  of  the  hot  water  from  condensation,  was  laid  by  the 
French  administration,  in  tunnels  of  masonry  located  under  the 
passages. 


60 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


All  branch  piping  in  our  section  was  provided  by  the  Commission 
or  by  the  exhibitors.  The  Commission  was  also  required  to  put  in 
an  exhaust-pipe  for  its  engines,  which  had  to  be  carried  under  the 
floor  to  the  outside  of  Machinery  Hall,  and  then  above  the  roof  of 
that  building.  This  pipe  was  connected  outside  of  the  building  with 
an  iron  tank  for  collecting  the  water  of  condensation,  from  which 
ran  another  pipe  for  carrying  the  water  to  the  main  hot-water  pipe 
ab  >ve  referred  to. 

Four  main  lines  of  shafting,  two  on  each  side  of  the  central  passage, 
extended  longitudinally  throughout  the  entire  length  of  the  grand 
nave  of  Machinery  Hall,  and  were  supported  by  double  iron  columns 
secured  upon  solid  masonry  foundations.  They  were  furnished  and 
put  up  by  the  French  authorities,  and  received  their  movement  from 
the  engines  of  exhibitors  of  various  nationalities.  Two  of  these  shafts 
passed  through  the  United  States  section. 

Motive  power  was  supplied  to  our  section  in  the  Machinery  Hall 
by  the  following  named  American  steam-engines  exhibited: 

One  hundred  horse-power  engine  of  C.  H.  Brown  &  Co. 

One  hundred  horse-power  high-speed  engine  of  the  Straight  Line 
Engine  Company. 

Thirty-five  horse-power  high-speed  engine  of  the  Straight  Line 
Engine  Company. 

Seventy-five  horse-power  high-speed  engine  of  Armington  &  Sims. 

Six  horse-power  Baxter  engine  of  the  Colt  Manufacturing  Company. 

The  two  main  lines  of  shafting  passing  through  the  first  and  second 
bands  of  our  space  were  each  driven  at  a  speed  of  one  hundred  and 
fifty  revolutions  per  minute  by  the  larger  straight-line  engine  and 
the  Brown  engine,  respectively.  The  small  straight-line  engine 
furnished  motive  power  to  the  special  exhibit  of  wood-working 
machinery  of  J.  A.  Fay  &  Co.,  by  means  of  a  line  of  shafting 
placed  under  the  floor  of  that  exhibit  in  the  third  band  of  our 
section.  The  Colt  Company  Baxter  engine  was  utilized  for  furnish¬ 
ing  the  power  for  printing  machines  and  other  light  machinery,  in 
the  fourth  band  of  our  space  under  the  balcony.  The  Armington  & 
Sims  engine  was  employed  for  driving  dynamos  in  the  electrical 
exhibit  of  the  Thomson-Houston  Company.  These  steam-engines 
were  all  operated  by  American  mechanics,  and  the  service  was  per¬ 
formed  in  the  most  satisfactory  manner. 

Electric  motors  obtaining  their  power  from  dynamos  driven  from 
the  shafting,  run  by  the  steam-engines  above  mentioned,  were  also 
used  for  transmitting  small  amounts  of  power  to  various  light 
machinery,  as  will  be  mentioned  later  on. 

The  great  progress  in  the  practical  application  of  electricity  in  the 
United  States  made  it  advisable  that  a  considerable  portion  of  our 
space  should  be  devoted  to  the  exhibition  of  the  products  of 


REPORT  OF  THE  ENGINEER. 


61 


American  inventors  in  this  class,  and  as  the  space  allotted  in  the 
Machinery  Hall  was  not  adequate,  a  large  part  of  the  electrical  ap¬ 
paratus  was  exhibited  in  the  Industrial  and  Railroad  sections.  The 
dynamo  machines  were  placed  in  the  Machinery  Hall,  where  motive 
power  could  be  obtained.  The  electrical  apparatus,  properly  so 
called,  were  placed  in  the  Industrial  Court.  The  electrical  tram- ways 
were  placed  in  the  Railroad  Section;  motive  power  was  carried  to  the 
Agricultural  Section  for  the  purpose  of  operating  the  machines  of 
certain  exhibitors.  The  Thomson-Houston  Company  established 
the  transmission  of  the  electric  current  from  Machinery  Hall  to  the 
Agricultural  Galleries,  a  distance  of  about  three-  quarters  of  a  mile. 
This  current  transmitted  fifty  horse-power  in  a  satisfactory  manner. 
Its  operation,  however,  was  delayed  by  difficulties  in  passing 
the  overhead  wires  across  the  streets  of  Paris,  but  permission 
was  finally  obtained  from  the  Ministry  of  Commerce  and  the 
Prefecture  of  the  Seine,  and  the  machines  in  the  Agricultural 
Galleries  were  put  into  operation  on  the  loth  day  of  July. 
Besides  this  electrical  transmission,  two  others  were  established 
between  the  Machinery  Hall  and  the  Railroad  Section;  one  of 
them  operated  the  Sprague  system  of  electric  railway,  the  other  that 
of  Thomson-Houston.  For  this  purpose  cables  of  the  Cobb  Com¬ 
pany  were  used.  The  Edison  Company  supplied  the  current  for  the 
Sprague  motor.  Within  the  Machinery  Hall  the  Commission  es¬ 
tablished,  for  the  accommodation  of  exhibitors  far  removed  from 
the  main  lines  of  shafting,  a  transmission  of  electric  force  from  a 
generator  of  fifteen  horse-power  and  six  small  motors,  which  operated 
three  exhibits  of  sewing-machines  and  some  other  light  machinery. 

The  Bell  Telephone  Company  established  a  system  of  telephones 
from  the  central  office  in  their  space  in  the  Industrial  Court  to  the 
headquarters  of  the  United  States  Commission,  the  post-office  in  the 
Industrial  Section,  and  the  office  of  the  superintendents  in  the  Pal¬ 
ace  of  Liberal  Arts  and  Machinery  Hall.  The  apparatus  for  this 
system  of  telephones  was  furnished  andjmt  up  by  the  Bell  Telephone 
Company  and  by  the  Western  Electric  Company  of  Chicago.  Some 
two  and  one-half  miles  of  wire  for  the  overhead  lines  was  furnished 
by  the  Okonite  Company.  This  telephone  system  was  of  great  serv¬ 
ice  to  the  Commission,  and  it  was  kept  in  operation  during  the 
hours  when  the  Exposition  was  open  by  the  assistants  of  the  Bell 
Telephone  Company  without  any  expense  to  the  Commission. 

I  am  happy  to  be  able  to  state  that  no  very  serious  accidents  oc¬ 
curred  in  any  of  the  United  States  departments  during  the  Exposi¬ 
tion,  the  most  important  being  the  breaking  of  the  fly-wheel  of  the 
straight-line  engine,  by  which,  fortunately,  no  one  was  hurt.  As 
this  caused  considerable  comment  at  the  time  and  deprived  us  of  the 
use  of  one  of  our  motive  machines  during  the  last  few  weeks  of  the 


62 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Exposition,  it  may  be  proper  to  give  a  short  account  of  it  here.  On 
the  9th  of  October,  about  half-past  5  p.  m. ,  while  the  large  straight- 
line  engine  was  driving  one  of  the  main  shafts  in  our  machinery 
section,  its  fly-wheel  suddenly  broke,  and  the  fragments  were  thrown 
violently  against  one  of  the  large  cast-iron  columns  that  supported 
the  shafting.  The  column  was  broken  by  the  force  of  the  blow,  but 
remained  in  place,  and  the  damage  to  it  was  easily  repaired  by 
wrought-iron  bands.  This  accident  prevented  the  running  of  the 
machinery  in  the  front  band  of  the  section  and  of  the  overhead 
electric  traveling  bridge  for  one  or  two  days,  but  did  no  other 
damage.  An  investigation  showed  that  the  breakage  of  the  fly¬ 
wheel  was  due  to  defects  in  the  casting.  It  was  not  possible  to  re¬ 
pair  the  damage  to  the  engine  in  time  for  it  to  resume  work  before 
the  close  of  the  Exposition,  and  the  shafting  in  that  part  of  the  sec¬ 
tion  subsequently  received  its  movement  from  the  motive  machine 
in  the  adjoining  English  section.  Professor  Sweet,  the  inventor  of 
this  admirable  high-speed  engine,  has  taken  means  to  prevent  the 
recurrence  of  such  breaks  in  fly-wheels  in  future  by  providing  them 
with  strong  wrought-iron  rims  or  tires.  The  machine  was  one  of 
the  finest  of  our  exhibits  and  was  awarded  a  gold  medal. 

Before  quitting  the  machinery  department  I  desire  to  make  one 
suggestion  for  the  consideration  of  commissions  to  future  exposi¬ 
tions.  You  will  remember  that  in  the  very  outset  of  our  work  upon 
this  Exposition  I  informed  you  of  the  dissatisfaction  of  American 
exhibitors  and  visitors  at  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1867,  arising  from 
the  presence  of  the  clumsy  French  motor,  placed  in  the  most  con¬ 
spicuous  position,  and  used  for  supplying  the  power  in  the  United 
States  Section,  while  the  fine  engine  exhibited  by  Mr.  George  H.  Cor¬ 
liss,  of  Providence,  was  standing  idle  beside  it,  and  that  I  urged 
you  to  insist  upon  having  the  motive  power  in  our  section  supplied 
by  American  engines  operated  by  American  mechanics.  I  shall  now 
go  a  step  further  and  strongly  advise  the  commissioners-general  of 
foreign  expositions  not  only  to  have  the  motive  power  furnished  by 
American  machines,  but  also  to  provide  for  having  the  steam  sup¬ 
plied  by  American  boilers  operated  by  American  mechanics.  In 
the  case  of  the  Exposition  of  1889,  there  were  no  applicants  who  de¬ 
sired  to  exhibit  boilers;  but  even  if  this  should  be  so  in  the  future,  I 
consider  it  necessary  for  the  successful  and  satisfactory  operation  of 
the  machinery  section  to  make  contracts  with  some  responsible 
American  engineering  firm  or  firms  to  supply  the  requisite  boilers, 
engines,  and  mechanics,  and  to  furnish  the  steam  and  motive  power 
for  the  department.  With  American  boilers,  steam-engines,  and 
electrical  motors,  the  commission  would  have  everthing  completely 
under  control,  and  in  this  way  only  can  the  work  be  performed  to 
the  satisfaction  of  the  commission,  the  exhibitors,  and  all  others 
concerned.  It  is  difficult  to  obtain  trustworthy  mechanics  for  tern- 


REPORT  OF  THE  ENGINEER. 


63 


porary  work  of  this  kind,  which  is  another  good  reason  for  contract¬ 
ing  with  companies  giving  permanent  employment  to  such  men  as 
are  needed. 

One  view  is  shown  of  the  interior  of  our  section  in  the  Agricult¬ 
ural  Machinery  Gallery.  With  the  exception  of  the  remarks  above 
made  concerning  the  force  employed  and  the  electrical  transmission 
in  this  department,  I  do  not  consider  it  necessary  for  me  to  say  any¬ 
thing,  as  the  entire  agricultural  section  and  exhibit  will  be  fully  re¬ 
ported  upon  by  the  expert  commissioner  on  Group  VIII. 

The  principal  troubles  in  our  sections  arose  from  the  dissatisfac¬ 
tion  of  some  exhibitors’  agents  and  a  few  unimportant  exhibitors  of 
cheap  jewelry  and  gimcracks,  who  should  never  have  been  allowed 
space,  and  whom  it  seemed  impossible  to  get  rid  of  without  causing 
scandal.  These  men  were  a  chronic  nuisance;  they  were  clamorous 
for  the  best  places  in  the  section,  and  even  endeavored  in  some  cases 
to  obstruct  the  main  passages  and  vestibules  in  order  to  dispose  of 
their  wares.  Sales  of  articles  of  any  kind  for  delivery  before  the 
end  of  the  Exposition  were  prohibited  by  the  French  regulations. 
All  applicants  were  informed  of  this  before  space  was  allotted  to 
them.  In  spite  of  this,  however,  some  persons,  mostly  agents,  en¬ 
deavored  to  make  sales  and  immediate  deliveries  of  their  goods,  and 
brought  down  upon  the  Commission  by  such  means  the  complaints 
of  the  French  administration.  These  refractory  parties  were  greatly 
dissatisfied  at  not  being  allowed  to  sell  their  goods  in  the  sections, 
and  continued  to  do  so  clandestinely  when  they  were  not  observed 
by  the  guardians,  and  were  loud  in  abuse  of  the  Commission  for 
interfering  with  their  business.  I  cannot  now  remember  that  any 
exhibitor  of  importance  expressed  dissatisfaction  at  the  treatment 
which  he  received  from  the  Commission  or  its  officers. 

It  may  be  advisable  for  future  commissions  to  exact  guaranties 
for  the  respectability  and  good  conduct  of  all  persons  allowed  to  act 
as  representatives  of  exhibitors,  and  also  to  require  indorsements  of 
some  official  sort  of  all  applicants  from  distant  points  about  whose 
reputation  the  commission  is  not  informed. 

I  will  make  a  final  suggestion  which  may  be  of  benefit  to  those 
charged  with  the  preparation  of  future  international  expositions, 
viz: 

In  making  agreements  for  labor,  materials,  etc.,  with  contractors, 
clauses  should  invariably  be  inserted  stating  the  time  when  the  work 
is  to  be  delivered  and  completed,  and  naming  a  penalty  to  be  im¬ 
posed  in  case  of  failure  to  comply  with  the  terms  of  the  contract 
within  the  time  specified.  Contractors  are  apt  on  such  occasions  to 
undertake  more  work  than  they  can  perform,  and  there  is  nothing 
like  a  penalty  clause  for  keeping  them  up  to  time.  Delays  in  the 
completion  of  one  part  of  the  preparations  will  often  seriously  re¬ 
tard  other  operations. 


64  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 

Very  few  of  the  packages  sent  from  the  United  States  to  the  Ex¬ 
position  were  lost;  of  these  I  will  mention  one  case  containing  a 
wheel-testing  machine,  which  is  supposed  to  have  been  removed  by 
mistake  by  the  French  authorities  the  night  before  the  opening  of 
the  Exposition,  according  to  an  official  regulation  which  had  been 
fully  announced  beforehand,  that  they  should  remove  all  unpacked 
cases  at  that  time;  and  one  other  case,  a  very  small  one,  containing 
some  light  articles  of  wood  carving,  which  is  supposed  to  have  been 
stolen  from  the  section  at  the  time  the  goods  were  being  opened.  I 
cannot  recall  at  present  any  other  cases  that  were  lost. 

It  was  originally  intended  to  close  the  Exposition  on  the  31st  of 
October,  but  the  French  administration  decided  later  to  continue  it 
a  few  days  longer,  and  it  was  finally  closed  on  the  6th  of  November. 
On  the  morning  of  the  7th  of  November  every  one  started  to  work 
with  a  will  to  remove  property,  and  the  Exposition  was  a  scene  of 
busy  movement  from  that  time  until  near  the  end  of  the  year.  Our 
exhibitors,  or  their  agents,  who  were  present,  had  little  trouble  in 
performing  their  part  of  the  labor,  which  consisted  in  the  repacking 
of  their  goods  and  the  marking  of  their  cases.  Special  labels  were 
furnished  by  the  Commission.  In  cases  where  exhibitors  were  not 
present  or  represented,  their  goods  were  repacked  by  the  Commission 
for  return  to  them.  All  the  formalities  concerning  the  return  of 
freight  and  all  the  shipping  business  were  attended  to  by  the  Com¬ 
mission. 

The  first  goods  for  the  Exposition  were  shipped  from  New  York 
to  Paris  February  1,  1889,  by  the  French  Transatlantic  Company. 
The  last  packages  of  goods  left  our  section  of  the  Exposition  on 
the  24th  day  of  December,  1889.  Some  small  exhibits  and  parts  of 
exhibits  had  been  before  that  time  removed  to  the  headquarters  of 
the  Commission,  and  were  distributed  from  there  later. 

Four  thousand  five  hundred  and  thirty-three  packages  in  all  were 
shipped  by  the  Commission  from  the  United  States  to  the  Exposition, 
at  the  cost  of  $26,026.38.  The  number  of  packages  returned  by  the 
Commission  from  the  Exposition  to  the  United  States  was  2,072,  at  a 
cost  of  less  than  $11,000,  the  exact  figures  not  being  yet  ascertained. 
The  difference  is  accounted  for  by  sales  and  donations  of  exhibits  at 
Paris.  Of  the  2, 072  packages  returned  to  the  United  States,  185  cases, 
containing  pictures,  jewelry,  silverware,  and  other  valuable  goods, 
were  shipped  by  the  French  Transatlantic  Company  via  Havre  to 
New  York,  and  arrived  promptly.  Eighteen  hundred  and  eighty- 
seven  cases,  containing  ordinary  freight,  such  as  machinery,  indus¬ 
trial  and  agricultural  products,  etc. ,  were  shipped  by  the  Inman  In¬ 
ternal  ional  Steamship  Company  by  way  of  Liverpool  to  New  York, 
this  company  having  offered  the  lowest  rates  for  the  return  of  the 
ordinary  freight.  The  goods  shipped  by  the  Inman  Company  were 


REPORT  OF  THE  ENGINEER. 


65 


carted  from  the  sections  to  the  river.  They  were  taken  by  boats 
down  the  river  Seine  to  Havre.  From  Havre  they  were  transferred 
to  Liverpool  by  steamers  of  the  Cnnard  Company.  They  were 
shipped  from  Liverpool  to  New  York  by  the  steamers  of  the  Inman 
line.  The  last  package  of  goods  returned  by  this  company  reached 
New  York  City  on  the  20th  day  of  April,  1890.  The  delay  in  the 
arrival  of  this  freight  in  the  United  States  seems  to  have  been  due 
to  two  causes.  First,  the  Cunard  Company  did  not  hurry  forward 
the  freight  immediately  on  its  arrival  from  Havre  to  Liverpool, 
probably  giving  preference  to  other  freight  of  their  own  when  their 
boats  were  crowded.  Second,  the  dock  strikes  at  Liverpool  pre¬ 
vented  the  Inman  Company  from  obtaining  men  for  loading  vessels, 
and  created,  as  is  well  known,  great  delay  and  trouble  in  all  shipping 
business  at  that  place  in  the  early  part  of  this  year. 

Some  additional  expense  was  caused  by  the  shipment  of  the  goods 
that  were  returned  by  way  of  Liverpool.  As  these  goods  were  re¬ 
moved  from  the  Exposition  on  wagons,  the  French  custom-house 
authorities  required  that  each  case  containing  dutiable  articles  should 
be  bound  by  cords  fastened  with  lead  seals  before  leaving  the  grounds, 
and  that  the  seals  should  be  removed  by  their  officers  at  Havre  before 
the  departure  of  the  goods  from  France.  This  necessitated  the  em¬ 
ployment  of  additional  clerical  and  laboring  force,  and  was  the  cause, 
at  times,  of  some  delay. 

The  customs  officials  were  always  obliging  and  ready  to  aid  us, 
and  we  were  especially  indebted  to  Mr.  Charles  Mulot,  Comptroller  of 
that  service,  for  much  friendly  advice  and  kind  assistance. 

The  French  police  and  detective  forces  assigned  to  the  care  of  our 
sections  were  composed  of  intelligent  and  reliable  men,  selected  for 
this  special  service.  They  performed  their  duties  in  the  most  care¬ 
ful,  efficient,  and  polite  manner,  and  our  relations  with  the  officers 
and  “agents”  were  always  cordial  and  harmonious. 

The  house  occupied  as  headquarters  of  the  United  States  Commis¬ 
sion,  at  27  Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais,  Paris,  from  the  month  of 
October,  1888,  was  vacated  on  the  31st  day  of  January,  1890,  after 
most  of  the  books,  papers,  records,  etc.,  had  been  shipped  to  the 
United  States. 

My  duties,  especially  before  the  opening  of  the  Exposition,  threw 
me  into  contact  with  many  of  the  officers  of  the  French  administra¬ 
tion,  principally  with  the  Director-General,  Mr.  Georges  Berger; 
the  Chief  of  the  Foreign  Sections,  Mr.  Marc  Millas;  the  Engineers 
of  the  Mechanical  and  Electrical  Service,  Messrs.  Vigreux  and  Bour¬ 
don  ;  the  Architects  of  Installation,  Messrs.  Sedille  and  Hermant, 
and  others.  From  all  these  gentlemen  I  received  prompt  and  cordial 
assistance  in  the  settlement  of  all  matters  referred  to  them,  and  the 
most  polite  and  courteous  attention.  All  of  their  business  was  per- 
H.  Ex.  410 - 5 


60  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 

formed  in  a  precise  and  thorough  manner,  but  I  have  never  seen 
less  desire  manifested  to  annoy  people  with  unnecessary  formalities 
or  ceremonious  behavior. 

After  your  departure  at  the  close  of  the  Exposition,  my  duties 
brought  me  more  frequently  into  relation,  with  the  United  States 
Minister,  Hon.  Whitelaw  Reid,  and  the  officers  of  the  United  States 
Legation.  I  am  indebted  to  all  of  these  gentlemen  for  many  civili¬ 
ties,  and  for  hearty  co-operation  in  all  matters  referred  to  them. 
Thanks  are  due,  also,  to  United  States  Consul-General  Rathbone, 
for  prompt  and  polite  aid  in  the  formalities  attending  the  return  of 
the  goods  to  the  United  States. 

As  you  are  personally  familiar  with  the  operations  of  the  Exposi¬ 
tion  from  its  commencement  to  its  close,  and  are  well  acquainted 
with  all  persons  employed  under  you  in  the  performance  of  the 
work,  it  is  not  incumbent  upon  me  to  name  here  any  of  those  who 
have  assisted  me  in  carrying  on  my  part  of  the  management.  It 
only  remains,  therefore,  for  me  to  thank  you  for  the  uniform  kind¬ 
ness  and  consideration  with  which  you  have  treated  my  efforts  to 
make  a  success  of  the  American  Department  of  the  Paris  Exposition 
of  1889. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

WM.  C.  GUNNELL, 

Chief  Engineer  U.  S.  Commission ,  Paris  Exposition  of  1889. 

General  W.  B.  Franklin, 

United  States  Commissioner- General. 


Paris  Exposition  of  1889. 


Plate  II. 


LIBERAL  ARTS  GALLERY, 

[UPPER  FLOOR.] 

UNITED  STATES  SECTION. 


FRANCE. 


■i-j  £9J 

S  g 

an 

2  S3 

J  “G 

y”  H 

sn 

1 54 

4-07 

2i°J  □ 

1 - [iSTU; 

4$0 

SOI 

SO 

9 

1  fe 

ty?il 

132 


nun 

n  ^  Office 
®  I  305 

rr~i 


JV.3.  The  rutrrdy&'s  on  this  plan 

refhr  to  the,  TLxhLbitorj 

7Ti£fdu>rLedi  ia,  tkn>,  Ch^aZcy^ux-. 


PORTUGAL. 


j3cal&.  1 
too 


2  3  4  S  6  7  8  0 


Li U jc 


in 


Paris  Exposition  of  1889. 


u.  s. 


Plate  III. 


INDUSTRIAL  SECTION. 


JxaZe7, 


rf.JB.  Tfu  ruunbw  on.  ^  h  ^  ExhiiUaKi  menUoncdL  iji  tkc  C<z£a2x>JU.-e- 


Paris  Exposition  of  1889. 


Plate  IV. 


MACHINERY  HALL. 

UNITED  STATES  SECTION— GROUND  FLOOR. 

- 1  |  L 


CENTRAL  AVENUE. 


The  numiers  on.  this  plan,  refer  to  the  Eahibito/ss  mentioned,  ui  the  CfaJxiloejioe. 


BELGIUM. 


Paris  Exposition  of  1889.  PLATE  V. 


Paris  Exposition  of  1889.  PLATE  VI. 

AGRICULTURAL  GALLERIES. 

UNITED  STATES  SECTION. 


jS ta -le.  ^L-  . 

r  \fo 


KB.  'TKc  numbers  on  this -plan,  refer  Co  the  T&ch  ib  ikms  mentioned,  in  the.  OtztcHc^uee 


/ 


■ 


Plate  IX. 


\ 


Paris  Exposition  of  1889. 


Plate  XII 


FACADE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  INDUSTRIAL  SECTION. 


ie 


Paris  Exposition 


Plate  XIII. 


UNIT®!  STATES 


VIEW  FROM  CENTER  OF 


INDUSTRIAL  SECTION. 


Paris  Exposition  of  1889. 


VIEW  FROM  END  OF  UNITED  STATES  INDUSTRIAL  SECTION. 


.4* 


Paris  Exposition  of  1889. 


UNITED  STATES  AGRlC^1-1 


Machinery  section. 


i  StfaiHen  Unttwrffc  , 

(srambPrix  £ 

l&i.-PAWS  >888- 


IB 


# 


81 


17 


THIRTY  METER  gallery. 


IS 


Paris  Exposition  of  1889. 


Plate  XVIII. 


CENTRAL  DOME. 


19 


* 


20 


Paris  Exposition  of  1889.  '  PLATE  XXI. 


DECAUVILLE  RAILWAY  SYSTEM, 


REPORT  OF  THE  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  LIBERAL  ARTS. 


Troy,  N.  Y.,  March  29,  1890. 

Sir  :  In  reporting  to  yon  upon  the  work  done  by  me  at  the  Paris 
Exposition  of  1889,  I  will  confine  myself  to  a  description  of  that 
which  occupied  my  attention  as  Superintendent  of  Group  2.  I  will 
say,  however,  that  from  the  time  of  my  appointment  as  class  juror 
until  the  time  of  meeting  of  the  group  jury,  I  devoted  such  time 
as  my  other  duties  would  permit  to  committee  work.  Thus  most  of 
my  mornings  were  devoted  to  a  very  interesting  and  instructive  work, 
that  opened  up  before  me  many  surprises,  and  induced  me  to  believe 
that  we,  as  a  nation,  should  now  copy  from  Europe  in  elementary 
educational  matters,  just  as  France  copied  from  us  after  studying 
the  report  made  by  its  very  able  Commissioner  Buisson,  who  made 
a  very  careful  study  of  the  American  exhibits  that  were  shown  at  the 
Philadelphia  Exhibition  of  1876. 

The  principal  advance  made  by  European  countries  seems  to  be  in 
the  matter  of  providing  new  and  impro  ved  tools  in  educational  insti¬ 
tutions,  just  as  we  have  done  in  our  factories  and  mercantile  estab¬ 
lishments.  There  may  be  a  demand  for  cheap  material,  but  we  also 
notice  a  demand  for  an  economical  form  of  everything  that  can  aid 
or  in  any  way  benefit  either  teacher  or  pupils,  and  not  only  the 
demand  exists,  but  also  the  authority  and  funds  with  which  to  pur¬ 
chase. 

Great  attention  is  being  paid  to  the  sanitary  condition  of  the  rooms 
and  buildings,  and  to  the  form  of  furniture  best  suited  to  the  needs 
of  growing  children.  The  schools  are  becoming  supplied  with 
museums  and  models  at  a  rate  that  surprises  us  who  live  in  a  land  of 
local  governments.  These  museums  and  models  are  prepared  at 
small  cost  per  school,  but  they  are  so  well  arranged  that  they  rep¬ 
resent  an  incalculable  value  to  teachers  and  pupils  alike. 

For  the  amount  of  money  that  three  vessels  like  the  Texas  would 
cost,  every  school  in  the  United  States  could  be  supplied  with  such 
museums,  and  it  appears  to  me  that  no  better  use  could  be  made  of 
such  a  sum  than  this,  which  would  place  it  in  the  way  of  serving 
millions  of  people. 

In  the  jury  there  were  many  able  educators  who  were  well  ac¬ 
quainted  with  our  systems,  and  inclined  to  treat  us  in  a  friendly 
manner. 


67 


68 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


During  the  fall  of  1888  I  had  become  interested  in  the  Exposition 
to  be  held  in  Paris  the  next  summer,  and  gladly  accepted  the  position 
of  Superintendent  of  Group  2,  which  you  kindly  offered  me  Decem¬ 
ber  27,  1888. 

A  circular  letter,  dated  October  28,  1888,  had  already  been  sent  by 
this  Commission  to  the  educational  institutions,  soliciting  exhibits, 
and,  unfortunately  for  the  success  of  our  work,  the  impression 
seemed  to  exist  in  the  office  of  the  Commission  that  the  Commissioner 
of  Education  would  assist  us  by  issuing  the  next  circular.  January 
15  I  became  aware  of  the  impossibility  of  receiving  such  assistance 
on  account  of  press  of  work  in  the  bureau,  and  prepared  two  circular 
letters,  which  I  submitted  for  approval  January  17.  After  approval, 
these  circular  letters  were  numbered  8  and  9  and  put  in  the  printer’s 
hands,  but  some  unknown  cause  delayed  their  issuance  until  the 
25th  of  January.  Within  the  next  few  days  No.  9  had  been  mailed 
to  most  of  the  important  libraries,  and  No.  8  to  most  of  the  other 
educational  institutions. 

As  I  had  been  informed  at  the  office  that  the  last  shipment  must  be 
ready  for  the  steamer  that  sailed  March  16,  it  will  be  seen  that  there 
was  a  very  short  time  after  receiving  our  circular  before  the  exhibit 
must  have  been  sent,  and  consequently  many  did  nothing  who  would 
have  been  able  and  willing  to  send  attractive  exhibits  if  they  could 
have  had  more  time.  Early  in  March  I  was  informed  that  shipments 
would  be  made  later  than  the  18th,  but  I  considered  the  information 
too  late  to  be  of  much  value  in  soliciting  exhibits,  and  made  no  ma¬ 
terial  change  in  my  plans.  If  this  extra  time  could  have  been  counted 
upon  when  circular  letters  Nos.  8  and  9  were  issued,  it  would  have 
been  of  very  great  value  to  us. 

It  is  no  doubt  evident  that  I  do  not w  attribute  the  success  of  my 
group  to  the  circular  letters,  but  rather  to  the  personal  visits  made 
and  the  personal  letters  written,  with  the  aid  of  Mr.  E.  P.  Chillman, 
of  Troy,  N.  Y. ,  who  gave  me  valuable  assistance  in  America  both 
before  and  after  my  departure  for  Paris. 

I  divided  the  educational  institutions  into  forty  classes  and  made 
sure  of  a  good  representative  exhibit  for  each  class,  and  then  tried 
to  get  as  many  more  good  ones  as  possible.  The  list  of  exhibitors 
transmitted  through  the  Chief  Engineer,  and  the  list  of  awards,  will 
show  that  the  effort  was  not  wholly  without  effect. 

Many  letters  were  sent  to  dealers  in  supplies,  but  our  limited  space 
furnished  most  of  them  with  an  excuse  for  not  contributing.  I  was 
both  sorry  and  glad  that  we  had  no  exhibit  of  school  furniture, — 
sorry,  because  we  make  the  best  school  furniture  in  the  world,  and 
glad  because  I  do  not  know  what  we  could  have  done  with  such  a 
bulky  exhibit.  I  visited  twenty-five  cities  and  talked  with  the  people 
who  controlled  the  important  educational  institutions,  both  public 
and  private,  and  succeeded  in  securing  an  exhibit  in  nearly  every 


REPORT  OF  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  LIBERAL  ARTS. 


69 


case.  These  exhibits  were  nearly  all  sent  to  me  in  Troy  by  mail,  in 
franked  packages,  and  were  there  prepared  for  shipment  to  Paris. 

March  16,  1889,  having  prepared  and  shipped  all  exhibits  received 
up  to  that  time,  I  sailed  from  New  York  on  Let  Gascogne ,  and  landed 
in  Havre  on  the  morning  of  the  25tli  of  that  month.  By  the  middle 
of  that  afternoon  I  had  reported  for  duty  at  27  Avenue  de  la  Bour- 
donnais. 

The  design  according  to  which  the  buildings  allotted  to  my  group 
had  been  constructed  was  probably  at  fault;  for  the  finished  build¬ 
ings,  not  being  satisfactory  to  the  administration,  had  just  been  torn 
down,  and  were  about  to  be  replaced  by  more  artistic  work.  I 
watched  the  work,  and  with  ever-increasing  anxiety,  as  it  became 
more  and  more  evident  that  the  buildings  would  not  be  completed 
by  the  time  of  the  opening  of  the  Exposition,  several  times  causing 
the  French  administration  to  be  informed  that  we  were  ready  to 
enter  upon  the  work  of  installation,  and  advising  that  anything 
that  might  be  done  to  hurry  the  work  would  be  much  appreciated. 

The  building  was  of  rough  stone  masonry,  plastered  on  the  inside, 
and  as  the  month  of  April  was  very  wet,  the  walls  could  not  progress 
very  satisfactorily.  They  were  plastered  the  last  of  April,  and  the 
4th  of  May  found  the  floor  laid  and  roof  boarded,  but  it  was  the  mid¬ 
dle  of  May  before  the  roof  was  made  fairly  tight,  and  the  last  of  May 
before  the  walls  were  thought  dry  enough  to  paint. 

In  future  exhibitions  I  advise  the  use  of  double  flooring  wherever 
it  becomes  necessary  for  the  United  States  to  use  gallery  space  over 
that  occupied  by  another  nation,  as  it  may  prevent  unpleasantness 
due  to  the  carelessness  of  exhibitors  and  attendants. 

As  our  space  was  in  a  narrow  gallery  and  up  one  flight,  it  did  not 
receive  the  attention  which  was  given  to  the  ground  floor  galleries, 
and  was  left  until  the  last  to  be  finished. 

As  soon  as  the  walls  were  painted,  I  proceeded  to  cover  them  with 
exhibits  up  to  the  four-meter  limit,  and  when  the  jury  met  on  the 
12th  of  June,  we  were  ready  for  them.  Long  before  the  main  part 
of  the  space  had  been  prepared  for  installation,  a  corner  had  been 
inclosed,  and  all  the  small  exhibits  unpacked  and  stored  in  the  place, 
so  that  we  had  very  little  trouble,  after  the  walls  and  benches  were 
prepared,  in  putting  up  exhibits. 

As  may  be  seen  by  reference  to  the  Engineer’s  plan,  there  were 
some  five  thousand  square  feet  of  floor  space  devoted  to  Group  II 
and  Class  19  of  Group  III.  The  way  in  which  the  space  was  allotted 
to  the  various  classes  is  also  shown. 

In  1878,  as  I  understand,  about  two  thousand  square  feet  of  the 
very  best  ground  floor  space  were  devoted  to  the  educational  classes, 
while  we  were  obliged  to  be  as  contented  as  possible  with  one  thou¬ 
sand  square  feet  of  very  poor  space.  But  we  were  informed  that  the 
Exposition  was  primarily  commercial,  and  that  the  earlier  comnier- 


70 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


cial  applicants  for  space  would  be  considered  before  the  school  ex¬ 
hibits.  It  became  necessary  therefore  to  condense  the  educational 
work.  The  exhibits  were  piled  up  on  shelves  and  in  closets,  so  that 
only  a  small  part  could  be  seen  at  any  one  time. 

We  decided  on  the  arrangement  of  partitions  and  shelves  giving 
a  maximum  amount  of  wall  and  shelf  space,  and  at  the  same  time 
straight  aisles,  which  I  consider  of  much  importance  where  many 
people  are  passing.  The  alcove  plan  is  objectionable  on  that  account, 
even  when  it  is  not  essential  that  a  maximum  of  exhibition  space  be 
secured. 

By  the  plan  adopted  I  obtained,  for  Classes  6,  7,  and  8,  1800  square 
feet  of  wall  space,  500  of  bench  room,  and  500  of  aisles,  on  the  thou¬ 
sand  square  feet  of  floor  devoted  to  them.  We  were  crowded  in  every 
class  of  the  group,  with  the  possible  exception  of  Class  10  (inks,  pens, 
etc.),  and  could  easily  have  used  five  times  as  much  space. 

We  had  no  more  room  for  a  wall  display  of  drawings  than  was 
absolutely  necessary  to  show  that  in  America  there  are  detached 
movements  in  the  same  direction  as  those  which  are  most  promi¬ 
nent  in  Europe  to-day.  These  are  the  introduction  of  drawing  and 
tool  work  into  the  curricula  as  intellectual  aids,  and  not  for  the 
purpose  of  teaching  trades. 

The  work  shown  by  schools  of  this  kind,  both  superior  and  sec¬ 
ondary,  compared  most  favorably  with  that  shown  by  similar  schools 
in  France,  Switzerland,  and  other  European  countries.  In  the  supe¬ 
rior  class  were  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  the  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Illinois,  the  Alabama  Polytechnic  and  the  Rensselaer 
Polytechnic  Institute;  and  in  the  secondary  class  were  the  Manual 
Training  School  of  St.  Louis,  and  the  Philadelphia  Manual  Training 
School.  Boston,  on  account  of  its  very  large  and  excellent  exhibit, 
was  given  a  room  by  itself.  The  other  exhibits  were  arranged,  as 
nearly  as  possible,  in  the  order  of  the  age  of  pupils,  beginning  with 
the  kindergartens,  and  closing  with  the  universities  and  professional 
schools. 

For  school  exhibits  there  were  four  class  juries,  and  we  did  our 
best  to  have  the  jury  of  only  one  class  in  our  section  at  any  one 
time,  removing  for  the  time  everything  not  belonging  to  that  class, 
and  filling  the  shelves  with  the  exhibits  of  that  class,  arranged  as  nearly 
as  possible  in  the  order  of  the  catalogue.  In  this  way,  but  at  some 
trouble  to  ourselves  and  perhaps  to  some  of  the  jurors,  we  caused 
every  exhibit  to  be  placed  before  the  proper  jury  in  a  way  that  re¬ 
quired  a  minimum  of  time  for  proper  inspection. 

Classes  6  and  7  were  especially  complete  in  the  matter  of  reports 
and  monographs,  and  I  think  it  will  be  granted  that  this  kind  of 
matter  is  of  more  importance  than  scholars’  work.  This  should  not 
be  taken  to  mean  that  there  was  no  such  work,  for  there  was  a  large 
amount  of  it  piled  upon  our  benches.  Class  8  was  quite  good,  on 
account  of  the  reports  from  the  Government  scientific  bureaus  and 


REPORT  OF  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  LIBERAL  ARTS.  71 

scientific  associations.  It  also  contained  a  considerable  number  of 
reports  and  circulars  from  universities  and  colleges. 

The  work  shown  by  Johns  Hopkins  University  was  considered  of 
first  merit,  as  any  one  must  consider  it,  if  it  is  recalled  that  it  con¬ 
sisted  of  optical  gratings  and  spectrum  photographs  by  Prof.  Henry 
A.  Rowland,  and  the  publications  of  the  university. 

The  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute  made  a  rather  large  and  very 
interesting  exhibit  of  works  written  by  members  of  the  faculty  and 
alumni,  and  of  photographs  of  works  erected  by  alumni.  This  insti¬ 
tution  also  claims  some  share  in  Professor  Rowland’s  work,  as  he  is 
an  alumnus,  and  taught  physics  in  the  institute  before  he  became  a 
member  of  the  faculty  of  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

The  exhibit  made  by  the  Massachusetts  Inst:tute  of  Technology 
was  very  complete  and  compact,  as  an  exhibit  from  an  engineering 
school  should  be. 

Just  at  this  point  I  would  like  to  make  a  comparison  of  the  num¬ 
ber  of  awards  given  to  the  Educational  Group  in  1878,  with  the  num¬ 
ber  given  to  these  classes  in  1889: 


If  we  evaluate  the  awards  according  to  the  following  scale— 

Grand  prix  =  5 
Gold  medal  =  4 
Silver  medal  =  3 
Bronze  medal  =  2 
Honorable  mention  =  1 

we  find  2.63  for  tlie  average  value  of  award  in  1878,  and  2.88  as  the 
average  value  in  1889.  This  is  the  highest  average  value  for  any 
nation,  Prance  included. 

Besides  the  educational  exhibits,  we  had  two  other  collections,  one 
of  books  arranged  by  Mr.  E.  Turquem,  and  another  of  periodicals 
arranged  principally  by  Mr.  Albert  F.  Parks.  These,  together  with  a 
few  individual  exhibits,  constituted  Class  9.  Mr.  Turquem  arranged 
the  book  collection  in  a  very  prominent  place,  just  opposite  the 
entrance  from  the  main  stairway,  and  made  a  very  fine  display  of  the 


72 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


work  of  our  principal  publishing  houses.  The  collection  of  trade, 
educational,  and  literary  journals  occupied  an  alcove  between  the 
Turquem  collection  and  the  space  occupied  by  Portugal,  and  in  front 
of  the  office  of  the  superintendent  of  the  section. 

The  larger  individual  exhibits  of  Classes  10  to  15  inclusive  were 
arranged  as  shown  on  the  plan.  There  were  very  few  exhibitors  in 
these  classes,  on  account  of  our  inability  to  give  them  as  large  spaces 
as  they  asked  for. 

In  making  application  for  space,  nearly  everybody  asked  for 
enough  for  desk-room  and  a  broad  aisle  around  the  show-cases,  dis¬ 
regarding  the  fact  that  the  Commission  had  made  proper  arrange¬ 
ment  for  aisles,  and  expected  the  exhibitors  to  use  the  whole  space 
granted  for  exhibition  of  objects.  Another  difficulty  in  arranging 
the  plan  of  installation  was  the  lack  of  information  regarding  the 
styles  and  sizes  of  exhibitors’  show-cases.  The  heterogeneous  col¬ 
lection  of  show-cases  in  the  American  section  should  be  considered 
as  the  thing  most  responsible  for  any  little  dissatisfaction  that  may 
have  been  felt  on  account  of  the  appearance  of  the  section. 

Class  16  occupied  a  small  amount  of  floor  space,  and  would  have 
required  about  ten  thousand  square  feet  of  wall  space  for  as  com¬ 
plete  a  display  as  was  made  by  France  in  the  same  class.  With  us 
the  exhibits  were  piled  one  above  another,  until  everything  had 
been  placed  upon  the  tables,  where  they  could  be  examined  by  such 
interested  people  as  were  willing  to  handle  hundreds  of  large  maps 
and  charts.  Our  window  space  was  used  for  Class  1 9  of  Group  III, 
and  contained  an  exceptionally  fine  window  by  John  Lafarge,  and 
similar  work  by  other  American  artists  and  glass  manufacturers. 

So  far  as  I  know,  every  exhibit,  at  one  time  or  another,  was  brought 
before  the  jury,  and  that  there  were  some  good  things  in  the  group 
is  shown  by  the  following  list  of  awards  : 


Group  n. 

| 

Grand 

pi’izes. 

Gold 

medals. 

Silver 

medals. 

Bronze 

medals. 

Honora¬ 
ble  men¬ 
tion. 

Class  6 . 

1 

25 

31 

16 

9 

Class  7 . 

1 

8 

6 

3 

3 

Class  8 . 

9 

5 

11 

3 

17 

Class  6,7  8  .  . 

4 

4 

2 

Class  9 . 

1 

5 

12 

8 

12 

Class  10 . . . 

1 

2 

O 

3 

6 

Class  11 . . .  . 

2 

3 

1 

Class  12 . 

1 

4 

5 

7 

Class  13  .  . 

2 

Oil  ass  14  . 

2 

1 

Class  15  . .  . 

3 

2 

i 

Class  16  . 

4 

1 

3 

Total . 

21 

58 

1  88 

41 

58 

Grand  total .  266 

Average  value .  2. 78 


REPORT  OF  SUPERINTENDENT  OF  LIBERAL  ARTS. 


73 


So  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  find  out,  no  nation  lias  a  higher  aver¬ 
age  for  its  Group  II,  and  we  may  say  that  we  received  more  awards 
in  Group  II  than  any  other  foreign  nation,  and  that  our  average 
award  was  higher  than  that  of  any  nation,  France  included.  I 
think,  moreover,  that  the  awards  were  secured  at  less  cost  to  our 
Government  than  those  in  most  other  groups,  and  less  even  than 
the  awards  in  the  same  group  in  1878.  At  that  time  the  separate 
expense  account  for  the  Educational  Group  covered  Classes  6,  7,  and  8, 
which  occupied  about  two  thousand  square  feet,  while  the  group 
expenses  in  1889  covered  Classes  6  to  16  inclusive,  and  Class  19,  which 
occupied  five  thousand  square  feet  of  floor  space. 

During  the  time  of  unpacking  and  placing  exhibits  I  was  aided 
by  James  B.  Collins,  who  served  as  my  assistant  during  the  greater 
part  of  the  Exposition  period,  and  by  Carl  Olilsen,  who  acted  as 
chief  guardian  of  the  group.  He  was  assisted  by  from  one  to 
three  other  guardians,  as  the  circumstances  seemed  to  require, 
and  that  they  did  their  duty  is  shown  by  the  facts  that  the  section 
was  well  cleaned,  and  that  the  only  things  stolen  during  the  day¬ 
time  were  eight  small  photographs.  During  the  earlier  months 
of  the  Exposition  a  private  of  the  Marine  Corps  was  stationed  in  the 
group  to  act  as  a  guardian.  During  the  night  we  left  the  section  in 
the  hands  of  the  French  guardians,  and  I  believe  that  they  did  their 
duty,  as  only  one  claim  of  loss  was  made  by  an  exhibitor.  As  this 
exhibitor  had  left  his  drawer  unlocked,  and  as  he  had  filed  no  in¬ 
voice  with  the  commission  showing  the  goods  claimed  to  have  been 
stolen,  I  choose  to  believe  that  he  made  a  mistake  in  counting,  and 
that  the  property  of  American  exhibitors  was  efficiently  guarded 
both  day  and  night. 

During  the  summer  more  people  passed  through  our  group  than 
I  had  expected,  although  there  were  few  Americans  among  the  vis¬ 
itors.  The  crowds  very  rarely  began  to  come  before  noon,  and  not 
often  before  2  o’clock,  but  the  section  was  generally  well  filled  from 
that  time  to  the  closing  hour.  The  visitors  were  quiet  and  orderly, 
and  many  of  them  were  quite  appreciative,  although  the  interested 
ones  rarely  came  in  the  afternoon.  I  estimated  the  largest  number 
that  passed  through  in  any  one  day  at  12,000,  while  the  smallest  num¬ 
ber  in  any  one  day  was  perhaps  200. 

As  the  day  for  closing  the  Exposition  approached,  I  began  to 
arrange  exhibits  so  that  they  could  be  easily  and  quickly  packed, 
and  had  new  boxes  made  to  replace  special  ones  that  could  not  be 
found  in  the  storage  yards.  Early  on  the  morning  of  November  7 
the  cases  for  Group  II  were  delivered  at  the  most  convenient  door, 
and  before  noon  all  had  been  taken  into  the  gallery  and  were  being 
filled.  November  7  and  8  I  gave  my  personal  attention  to  the  distri¬ 
bution  of  exhibits  that  had  been  donated  to  various  institutions,  and 
also  to  the  packing  of  cases.  At  sunset  of  the  8th,  there  were  only 


74 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


three  cases  of  the  collective  exhibit  to  be  packed,  and  agents  had 
packed  many  of  the  individual  exhibits.  That  evening  I  went  to 
Havre,  and  sailed  the  next  morning  for  New  York  on  the  steamer 
La  Gascogne. 

After  having  been  in  America  for  some  time,  I  received  the  col¬ 
lective  educational  exhibit,  which  had  been  forwarded  from  Paris  by 
way  of  Liverpool,  and  proceeded  to  distribute  the  parts  to  their  re¬ 
spective  owners,  or  to  such  places  as  had  been  designated.  These 
packages  were  mostly  sent  by  mail,  but  a  few  large  ones  were  for¬ 
warded  by  the  National  Express  Company. 

After  the  close  of  the  Exposition,  I  arranged  a  collection  of  reports, 
etc.,  to  be  used  by  the  reporter  of  the  jury  for  Class  6  in  making  his 
report,  and  gave  explicit  directions  for  forwarding  the  collection  to 
him.  By  a  letter  recently  received,  it  appears  that  the  documents 
never  reached  him,  so  I  collected  another  but  smaller  set,  and  sent 
them  by  registered  mail  the  first  of  this  month. 

I  believe  I  can  now  report  that  all  of  the  exhibits  of  the  educational 
collection  are  returned  or  accounted  for. 

Personally,  I  would  thank  you  for  your  continual  kindness,  which 
made  the  past  summer  one  of  the  pleasantest  of  my  life. 

Respectfully  submitted. 

C.  WELLMAN  PARKS, 

Superintendent  of  Liberal  Arts . 

General  W.  B.  Franklin, 

Commissioner-  General. 


STAFF  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


UNITED  STATES  COMMISSION. 

Commissioner-General ,* 

WILLIAM  B.  FRANKLIN,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Assistant  Commissioner-General ,* 

SOMERVILLE  PINKNEY  TUCK,  New  York  City. 


Lieut.  Benjamin  H.  Buckingham,  U.  S.  Navy,  aide-de-camp,  Naval  Commissioner. 
Capt.  David  A.  Lyle,  Ordnance  Department,  U.  S.  Army,  aide-de-camp,  Military 

Commissioner. 

Capt.  Henry  Clay  Cochrane,  U.  S.  Marine  Corps,  Commanding  Detachment  of 

Marines. 

Lieut.  Paul  St.  Clair  Murphy,  U.  S.  Marine  Corps. 


Scientific  Experts  appointed  by  the  President  as  assistants  to  the  Commissioner- 
General,  corresponding  to  and  assigned  to  the  Nine  Groups  into  which  the  Expo¬ 
sition  is  divided. 


Group 

I . 

Group 

II . 

. Arthur  J.  Stace . 

.  Notre  Dame,  Ind. 

Group 

Ill . 

. David  Urquhart,  Jr  ....... . 

Group 

IV . 

. William  H.  Chandler . 

Group 

V . 

. Spencer  B.  Newbury . 

.  Ithaca,  N.Y. 

Group 

VI . 

. Charles  B.  Richards . 

.  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Group 

VII . 

.  Boston,  Mass. 

Group  VIII . 

.  Charles  V.  Riley . 

Group 

IX . 

.  David  King . 

.  Newport,  R.  I. 

Chief  Engineer . . .  William  C.  Gunnell. 

Secretary .  A.  Bailly- Blanchard. 

Medical  Officer . .  John  A.  Tonner,  M.  D. 

Assistant  Engineer .  B.  Abdank. 


*  Appointed  by  the  President  and  confirmed  by  the  Senate. 


76 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Fine  Arts 
Liberal  Arts 
Industrial . . 
Machinery 
Agriculture 
Electricity  . 
Minerals  . . . 


SUPERINTENDENTS  OF  DIVISIONS. 

J.  H.  Thieriot .  Group  I. 

C.  Wellman  Parks .  Group  II. 

J.  Frederic  Aytoun .  Groups  III,  IV,  and  V. 

T.  R.  Pickering .  Group  VI. 

F.  T.  Bickford .  Groups  VII,  VIII,  and  IX. 

Carl  Hering. 

George  F.  Kunz. 


FOREIGN  COMMISSIONERS-GENERAL. 


List  of  the  Commissioners-General  of  the  several  countries  participating  in  the 

Paris  Exposition  of  1889. 


Country. 

Name. 

Title. 

Argentine  Republic . 

E.  Olivera . 

President. 

Austria-Hungary . 

do. 

do. 

Bolivia . 

do. 

Commissioner-General. 

# 

do. 

Chili 

President. 

China . 

Teng-Ting-Keng . 

Commissioner-General. 

Colombo  . 

General  Posada 

President. 

Denmark . 

Carl  Jacobsen 

do. 

Dominica . 

Baron  de  Almeda . 

do. 

Ecquaclor . 

Clemente  Ballen 

Commissioner-General . 

Egypt . 

Aly  Pacha  Cherif . 

President. 

Finland . 

Hjalmar  Londen . 

do. 

Great  Britain . 

Right  Hon.  James  Whitehead . 

do. 

Greece . 

Ernest  Vlasto . 

Commissioner-General. 

Guatemala . 

Crisanto  Medina . 

do. 

Hayti . 

Emil  Simmonds . 

President. 

Hawaii . 

Col.  Z.  S.  Spaulding . . 

Commissioner-General . 

Honduras . 

Louis  Gaubert . 

do. 

Italy . 

M.  T.  Villa . 

President. 

Japan  . 

Kentaro  Yanagiya . 

Commissioner-General. 

Luxembourg . 

Tony  Dutreux . 

Commissioner-Delegate. 

Mexico . 

Manuel  Diaz  Mimiaga . 

Commissioner-General. 

Monaco . 

Marquis  of  Maussabre-Beufvier . 

|  Executive  Commissioner. 

Morocco . 

Abdel- Kerime  Bricha 

Commissioner. 

Netherlands . 

W.  van  der  Vliet . 

i  Commissioner- General . 

New  Zealand . 

Sir  Francis  Dillon  Bell . 

do. 

Nicaragua . 

J.  Francisco  Medina . 

do. 

Norway  . 

Frederic  Baetzmann  . . 

do. 

Paraguay . 

Winsweiler 

do. 

Persia . 

General  Nazar e  Aga. . . 

President. 

Peru . 

Alejandro  de  Ydiaquez . 

Commissioner-Genei’al. 

Portugal . 

Councillor  Marianno  Cyrillo  de 

President. 

Carvalho. 

Roumania . 

Prince  Georges  Bibesco 

Commissioner-General , 

Russia . 

E  d’Andreeff 

President. 

San  Marino . 

Pietro  Tonnini 

do. 

San  Salvador . 

Dr.  Antonio  Quiroz . 

do. 

Servia . 

Jefr  P  Goudovitch 

do. 

Spain . 

Matias  Lopez  y  Lopez . 

do. 

78 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


List  of  the  Commissioner s-General  of  the  several  countries  participating  in  the 
Paris  Exposition  of  1889 — Continued. 


Country. 

Name. 

Title. 

Siam  . 

Krom  Mun  Nares  Vorariddhi 

President. 

Commissioner-General. 

President. 

General  Agent. 
Commissioner-General. 

President. 

Commissioner-General. 

President. 

do. 

South  Africa . 

T.  N.  de  Villiers . . . 

Switzerland  . 

Dr.  Numa  Droz . 

Tasmania . . . 

Mr.  Braddon . 

United  States  of  America  . . . 
Uruguay . 

General  W.  B.  Franklin . 

Domingo  Ordonana . 

Val  d’Andorre . 

Ronhoure . 

Victoria  . 

Hon.  W.  F.  Walker . 

Venezuela .  . 

General  Guzman  Blanco . 

HONORARY  COMMISSIONERS  APPOINTED  BY  GOVERNORS  OF 

STATES. 


Paris  Exposition,  1889.  Honorary  Commissioners  appointed  by  Governors  of 

States. 


States. 

Name. 

Post-office  address. 

Alabama . 

W.  S.  Reese 

Montgomery. 

Daniel  Coleman . 

Huntsville. 

James  S.  O’Shaughnessy . 

do. 

Thomas  M.  Scruggs . 

Decatur. 

D .  J.  G.  Thomas . 

Mobile. 

J.  M.  Cary . 

Union  Springs. 

California . 

Sidney  M  Smith 

San  Francisco. 

David  Cohn . 

do. 

W.  H.  De  Young . 

do 

Joseph  D.  Redding . 

do. 

Max  Wasserman . 

do. 

Max  Heilman . 

do. 

J.  E.  Goux . 

Santa  Barbara . 

Charles  M.  Campbell . 

Sacramento. 

Eugene  Germain . 

Los  Angeles. 

Delaware . 

S.C.Bird . 

Wilmington. 

Florida . 

W .  G.  Chipley . 

Pensacola. 

A.  B.  Mason . 

Jacksonville. 

A.  R.  Duval . 

do. 

H.B.  Plant . 

do. 

Illinois 
Iowa  . . 


W.  S.  Webb . 

Mrs.  M.  S.  Young . 

J.  E.  Ingraham . . 

A.  N.  Haldeman . 

Mrs.  Ellen  C.  Long . 

George  W.  Wilson . 

J.  L.  Gaskins . 

Abram  E.  Smith . 

Henry  H.  Spaulding  . . . 

A.  Power . 

W.  W.  Power . 

J.  H.  Boeyer . 

Floyd  Davis . 

Sylvain  Block . 

S.  W.  Hurst . 

Thomas  Griffith . 

Dr.  McKenzie  N.  Graves 

T.  G.  Steinke . 

James  Crosby . 

Frank  Brignon . 


do. 

do. 

Sanford. 

Tallahassee. 

do. 

Osceola. 

Starke. 

Rockford. 

Chicago. 

Davis  County, 
do. 

Cerro  Gordo  County. 
Polk  County. 

Hardin  County. 
Decatur  County. 
Montgomery  County. 
Cass  County, 
do. 

Clayton  County. 
Powesheik  County. 


79 


80 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Paris  Exposition,  1889.  Honorary  Commissioners  appointed  by  Governors  of 

St  a  tes — Continued . 


States. 

Name. 

Post  office  address. 

Florence. 

Louisiana . 

Dr.  E.  de  Nux . 

Philippe  Marchet  . 

James  A.  Vignaud . 

Jean  Gentil . 

D.  A.  Chuff  raise . 

Charles  T.  Soniat . 

Maine  . . : . 

William  Seligman . 

Paris. 

Edmund  B.  Mallett . 

Freeport. 

Gen.  Neal  Dow . 

Portland. 

John  E.  DeWitt . 

do. 

G.  0.  Lapointe.  M.  D . 

,  Biddeford. 

Rev.  James  Gorman . 

Brunswick. 

Emile  Barbier . 

Augusta. 

Maryland . 

Hyllyard  C.  Lee . 

Michigan . 

Edward  J.  Smith . 

Detroit. 

Mississippi . 

Alfonso  Stadaker . 

j  Canton. 

Prof.  S.  Waterhouse . 

St.  Louis. 

Jerome  Hill . 

do. 

Lewis  C.  Nelson . 

do. 

John  Bofffnger . 

do. 

Andrew  Warren . 

do. 

Dr.  Augustus  Gallagher  . 

Kansas  City. 

Col.  Winslow  Judson . 

i  St.  Joseph. 

Victor  Barth .  . 

Columbia. 

Ilf  AutfinQi 

D.  W.  Seligman . 

Helena. 

. .  .........  ..... 

J.  N.  H.  Patrick . 

Omaha. 

eUl  aoAci . . . 

R.  W.  Patrick . 

do. 

i 

W.  F.  Cody . 

North  Platte. 

Nevada  . 

F.M.Biber . 

Carson  City. 

R.  K.Colcord . 

New  Hampshire . 

Prof.  Charles  C.  Rounds,  Ph.  D . 

Plymouth. 

Hon.  Charles  H.  Sawyer . 

Dover. 

North  Carolina . 

1  Hon.  E.  Chambers  Smith . 

j  Raleigh. 

Eugene  G .  Harrell . 

do. 

E.  McK.  Goodwin . 

do. 

Rev.  M.  M.  Marshall,  D.D . 

do. 

John  S.  Cunningham . 

Cunningham. 

W.  A.  Blair . 

Winston. 

J.  M.  Gove . 

Chapel  Hill. 

T.  P.  Venable . 

do. 

Percy  Gray . 

Greensboro. 

W.  M.  Michall . 

Wake  Forest. 

| 

Sol.  Weil . 

Goldsboro. 

Edwin  C.  Holt . 

Burlington. 

John  M.  Morehead . 

Charlotte. 

Oregon . . . 

John  Kelly . 

Portland. 

Pennsylvania . 

William  H.  Hastings . 

Philadelphia. 

James  H.  A.  Roberts . 

do. 

John  0.  Hughes . 

do. 

R.  F.  Cullinan . 

do. 

Dr.  T.  Krawsckopf  .  ....... 

do. 

William  E.  Little . 

do. 

Francis  Rawle . 

do. 

HONORARY  COMMISSIONERS. 


81 


Paris  Exposition ,  1889.  Honorary  Commissioners  appointed  by  Governors  of 

Sta  tes — Continued. 


States. 


Name. 


Post-office  address. 


Pennsylvania 


Rhode  Island  . 
South  Carolina 
Tennessee . 


Texas 


James  N.  Jeitles _ 

John  L.  Lawson  — 
Charles  H.  Brinley . 

Dr.  M.  J.  Grier . 

Andrew  Carnegie . 
John  Henry  Harjes 

John  P.Zaner . 

Aram  J.  Pothier _ 

T.  E.  Horton . 

J.W.  Billings . 

J.  D.  Goodpasture  . . 

J.  T.  Shipp . 

T.  O.  Morris . 

Dr.  George  H.  Price. 

G.  H.  Stocked . 

Robert  Scales . 

S.  D.  Clay  brook . 

M.  J.  Obrien . 

W.  K.  Phillips . 

M.  M.  Bright . 

B.F.  Cook . 

Joseph  Jacobs . 

A.  Blum . 

B.  C.  Wells  . 

Eugene  Phillippi 

L.B.  Chilton . 

F.  B.  Chilton . 

T.  H.  Conklin . 

Isaac  Stein . 

Ivy  H.  Burney . 

William  S.  Red . 

Rufus  C.  Burleson  . . 
Herman  Knitted  . . . 


Philadelphia. 

do. 


Pittsburg. 
Paris,  France. 
Bradford. 
Woonsocket. 

Nashville. 

do. 

do. 

do. 

do. 


Franklin. 

Nashville. 

Fayettevdle. 

Chattanooga. 


Virginia 


S.  B.  Aden . 

G.  H.  Forcke . 

A.  C.  Hamilton . 

A.  E.  Valois . 

W.  L.  Bringhurst . 

J.  G.  Tucker . 

Alexander  McFarlane . 

Thomas  Nelson  Page .  Richmond. 

John  Pope .  do. 

Lewis  Ginter .  do. 

Henry  Preston .  Danville. 

Thomas  J.  Pinn . .  do. 


H.  Ex.  410 - 6 


LIST  OF  THE  SUPERIOR  JURY. 


Superior  Jury — Paris  Exposition ,  1889. 


Messrs. 

P.  Tirard . 

President  of  the  Council . 

.  France. 

A.  Fallieres . 

Minister  of  Public  Instruction 
and  Fine  Arts. 

France. 

M.  Tisseraud . 

Minister  of  Agriculture . 

.  France. 

Teisserenc  de  Bort 

Senator . 

.  France. 

Dietz-Monnin .  . .  . 

Senator . 

.  France. 

Poirrier . 

Senator . 

.  France. 

Berthelot . 

Senator . . 

.  France. 

Christophle . 

Deputy . . 

.  France. 

Dautresme . 

Deputy . . 

.  France. 

Louis  Pasteur  . . . 

M.D . 

.  France. 

Leon  Say . 

Senator . 

.  France. 

Jules  Simon . 

Senator . 

.  France. 

Meissonier  . 

President  Group  I . 

.  France. 

Kohmann . 

Vice-President  Group  I . 

.  Russia. 

Melida . 

Vice-President  Group  I . 

.  Spain. 

Poubelle . 

President  Group  II . 

.  France. 

Somerville  P.Tuck 

Vice-President  Group  II . 

.  United  States. 

Gobat . 

Vice-President  Group  II . 

.  Switzerland. 

David  Perret. . . . 

President  Group  III . 

.  Switzerland. 

Darcel . 

Vice-President  GroupIII . 

.  France. 

Cattaui . 

Vice-President  Group  III . 

.  Austria-Hungary. 

Deputy 

Meline . 

President  Group  IV . 

.  France. 

Mr. 

Joseph  Leigh. . . . 

Vice-President  Group  IV . 

.  Great  Britain. 

Count 

Zamoiski  . 

Vice-President  Group  IV . 

.  Russia. 

Deputy 

Sabatier . 

President  Group  V . 

.  Belgium. 

Senator 

Scheurer-Kestner 

Vice-President  Group  V . 

.  France. 

Mr. 

Ygarzabal . 

Vice-President  Group  V . 

.  ArgentineRepublic. 

Messrs. 

Picard . 

President  Group  VI . 

.  France. 

Frescot  . 

Vice-President  Group  VI . 

.  Italy. 

Belpaire . 

Vice-President  Group  VI . 

.  Belgium. 

Thurston . 

Vice-President  Group  VI . 

.  United  States. 

Deputy 

Prevet . 

President  Group  VII . 

.  France. 

Navarro-Re  verter 

Vice-President  Group  VII . 

.  Spain. 

Marianno  C.  de 
Carvalho 

Vice-President  Group  VII . 

.  Portugal. 

Vercruysse-Bracq  Vice-President  Group  VII . 

.  Belgium. 

Count 

Foucher  de  Careil 

President  Group  VIII  ........... 

.  France. 

Captain 

D.  A.  Lyle . 

Vice-President  Group  VIII . 

.  United  States. 

Messrs. 

Blaremberg . 

Vice-President  Group  VIII  ....... 

.  Roumania. 

Ladislas  Netto. . . 

Vice-President  Group  VIII . 

.  Brazil. 

88 


84 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS, 


Sir 

Messrs. 


Senator 

Messrs. 


Prince 

Count 

Deputy 

Viscount 

Colonel 

Mr. 

General 

Messrs. 


Viscount 

Messrs. 


Colonel 

Mr. 

Deputy 

Messrs. 


Deputy 

Mr. 


Colville-Barclay . 

Freiwald . 

Hardy . 

Greard  . 

Lemoine . 

Dauphinot . 

Fremy . 

Alcorta . 

Antunez . 

Georges  Bibesco  . 
A.  de  Camondo. . 

Jules  Carlier . 

de  Cavalcanti .... 

Juan  Diaz . 

Mimiaga  Diaz . . . 
W.  B.  Franklin  . . 

Gibert . 

Kentaro  Yanagiya 
Matias  Lopez .... 
Crisanto  Medina. 
Francisco  Medina 

de  Melicio . , 

Pandia  Ralli . 

Pector  . 

Posnansky . 

Van  der  Vliet. .  . . 
Voegeli-Bodmer  . 

Wood . 

Etienne . 

Henrique. ... 

Muller . 

Sanson . . . 

Alphand  . 

Berger . 

Grison . 

Vigreux . 

Monthiers . 

Dautresme . 

Larroumet . 

Proust . 

Tisserand . 


President  Group  IX . 

Vice-President  Group  IX 
Vice-President  Group  IX 


Commissioner-Delegate . 

President  Chilian  Commission . 

Commissioner-General . 

Executive-Commissioner . 

Commissioner-General . 

Commissioner-General . 

Commissioner-General . 

Commissioner-General . 

Commissioner-General . 

Commissioner-Delegate . 

Commissioner-General . 

President  Spanish  Commission . 

Commissioner-General . 

Commissioner-General . 

President  Lisbon  Commission ...... 

Commissioner . 

Commissioner-General . 

Commissioner-General . 

Commissioner-General . 

Commissioner-General . 

Commissioner-Delegate . 

Commissioner . 

Commissioner . 

Commissioner . 

Commissioner .  . 

Director  General  of  Works . 

Director  General  of  Management. . 

Director  General  of  Finance . 

Chief  of  the  Electrical  Service . 

Chief  of  French  Sections . 

Director  of  Fine  Arts . 

Special  Commissioner  of  Fine  Arts 
Director  of  Agriculture . 


Great  Britain,. 

Netherlands. 

France. 

France. 

France. 

France. 

France. 

Argentine  Republic- 
Chili. 

Roumania. 

Italy. 

Belgium. 

Brazil. 

Uruguay. 

Mexico. 

United  States. 
Servia. 

Japan. 

Spain. 

Guatemala. 

Nicaragua. 

Portugal. 

Greece. 

Salvador. 

Russia. 

Netherlands. 

Switzerland. 

Great  Britain. 
French  Colonies,. 
French  Colonies.- 
Algeria. 

Tunis. 

France. 

France. 

France. 

France. 

France. 

France. 

France. 

France. 

France. 


Secretaries  to  the  Superior  Jury. 


Messrs.  Trelat, 
Hetzel, 

Malle  voue, 
Thurneyssen, 
Savoye, 
Hemon. 


Messrs.  Riviere, 
Rouche, 
Baumgart, 
Delorme, 
Meynard, 
Talamon. 


Messrs.  Chevrier,. 
Glasser, 
Varey, 
Hardon, 
Sohier. 


INTERNATIONAL  JURY  OF  PRIZES— SUPERIOR  JURY. 


REPORT  TO  THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  COUNCIL,  MINISTER  OF  COM¬ 
MERCE,  OF  INDUSTRY  AND  OF  THE  COLONIES,  COMMISSIONER- 

GENERAL. 

Mr.  President  :  In  its  first  general  session,  held  August  26,  the 
Superior  Jury  on  Prizes  decided  to  confide  to  a  sub-committee  of 
twenty-five  members,  consisting  principally  of  the  presidents  of  the 
committees  and  groujT  juries,  the  duty  of  examining  certain  disputed 
questions  brought  forward  at  that  session,  of  making  out  the  list  of 
persons  proposed  for  prizes  which  in  its  opinion  should  be  ratified, 
and  of  examining  the  reclamations  received.  This  sub-committee 
was  composed  as  follows : 

Mr.  Teisserenc  de  Bort,  President ;  Messrs.  Dietz-Monnin  and 
Poirrier,  Vice  Presidents.  Members  :  Messrs.  Alphand,  Dauphinot, 
Foucher  de  Careil,  Fremy,  Greard,  Hardy  Larroumet,  Leigh,  Lyle, 
Lemoine,  Meissonier,  Havarro-Reverter,  Picard,  Poubelle,  Prevet, 
Leon  Say,  Sabatier,  Sir  Colville  Barclay,  Commander  Frescot,  and 
Colonel  Perret.  Secretaries  :  Messrs.  Hetzel  and  Trelat. 

Mr.  Greard  substituted  Mr.  Somerville  Pinkney  Tuck  in  his  place, 
and  Mr.  Foucher  de  Careil,  Mr.  Grandeau. 

The  Director-General  of  Management,  assisted  by  Mr.  Monthiers, 
Chief  of  Service  of  the  French  Sections,  was  present  at  all  the  sessions. 

The  sub-committee  met  fifteen  times,  and  generally  held  two  ses¬ 
sions  a  day.  The  importance  and  multiplicity  of  the  work 'which  it 
had  to  accomplish  are  shown  by  the  fact  that  it.  required  a  bureau 
of  numerous  clerks,  under  the  direction  of  Messrs.  Monthiers  and 
Hetzel,  more  than  two  days  to  open  the  proceedings  and  classify 
the  decisions. 

Exhibitors  are  inevitably  led  to  believe  that  a  Superior  Jury  pos¬ 
sesses  all  the  powers  necessary  to  set  itself  up  as  a  redresser  of  wrongs, 
and  that  it  is  therefore  its  mission  to  revise  and  verify,  name  by 
name,  all  the  decisions  of  the  class  and  group  juries.  The  sub-com¬ 
mittee  did  not-  so  understand  its  mission.  It  adopted  first,  as  a  gen¬ 
eral  principle,  that  it  would  modify  only  in  very  exceptional  cases 
the  decisions  of  the  class  juries  ratified  by  the  group  juries.  It  de¬ 
cided,  however,  to  take  into  consideration  all  the  reclamations  pre¬ 
sented  by  the  exhibitors,  or  in  their  names,  though  it  well  knew  that 

85 


86 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


most  of  them  would  be  only  the  cries  and  complaints  of  wounded 
vanity.  In  order  to  assure  promptitude  and  regularity  in  its  work, 
it  sent  to  the  representative  of  each  group  jury  the  reclamations 
affecting  the  exhibitors  in  the  different  classes  of  that  group. 

The  next  proceedings  were  the  reading  by  the  representatives  of 
each  group  of  the  names  proposed  for  the  first-class  prizes,  such  as 
diplomas  of  grand  prizes  and  diplomas  of  gold  medals,  and  after 
this  the  presentation  of  written  reclamations.  Once  the  discussion 
ended  and  the  decisions  taken,  the  commissioners-general  of  the 
different  foreign  countries  were  permitted  to  present  all  the  obser¬ 
vations  which  they  wished  to  present  on  the  part  of  their  countrymen, 
and  which  it  had  been  impossible  to  ti-ansmit  in  writing.  This 
method  was  the  only  one  under  which  the  sub-committee  could  es¬ 
cape  the  reproach  of  partiality  and  neglect  of  the  interests  of  some 
one  or  other. 

A  great  number  of  the  reclamations  referred  to  the  omission 
to  examine  certain  articles,  or  to  their  examination  by  juries  of  a 
class  in  which  they  should  not  have  been  included.  The  sub-com¬ 
mittee,  whenever  it  found  that  these  reclamations  were  well  founded, 
delegated  those  of  its  members  whom  their  special  competency 
pointed  out,  to  examine  and  pass  upon  such  articles,  assisted  by 
certain  members  of  the  class  and  group  juries,  or  foreign  commis¬ 
sioners-general.  The  reports  of  these  delegates  led  to  the  award  of 
the  supplementary  prizes,  which  are  mentioned  on  the  memoranda 
annexed  to  this  report,  alongside  of  those  definitely  awarded,  after 
certain  changes  decided  on  in  consequence  of  reclamations  recog¬ 
nized  as  well  founded.  It  is  proper  to  add  that  these  changes,  con¬ 
sisting  in  elevating  or  reducing  the  grade  of  the  diplomas  proposed 
by  the  class  and  group  juries,  were,  as  a  rule,  decided  on  after  the 
sub-committee,  in  order  to  get  all  the  light  possible,  had  heard  the 
presidents,  secretaries,  or  reporters  of  these  juries,  convoked  for  this 
purpose. 

The  reports  were  presented  for  Group  I  (Fine  Arts)  by  Mr.  Meis- 
sonier;  for  Group  II  (Education  and  Instruction,  Material  and  Pro¬ 
cesses  of  the  Liberal  Arts)  by  Mr.  Poubelle;  for  Group  III  (Fur¬ 
niture  and  Accessories)  by  Colonel  David  Perret;  for  Group  IV  (Fab¬ 
rics,  Clothing,  and  Accessories)  by  Mr.  Leigh,  assisted  by  Mr.  Roy, 
Secretary  of  the  group;  for  Group  V  (Mining  Arts,  Raw  and  Manu¬ 
factured  Products)  by  Mr.  Sabatier;  for  Group  VI  (Tools  and  Pro¬ 
cesses  of  the  Mechanical  Arts,  Electricity)  by  Mr.  Picard;  for  Group 
VII  (Alimentary  Products)  by  Mr.  Prevet;  for  Group  VIII  (Agri¬ 
culture,  Viticulture,  and  Pisciculture)  by  Mr.  Grandeau;  for  Group 
IX  (Horticulture)  by  Sir  Colville  Barclay;  and  for  the  Section  of 
Social  Economy,  by  Mr.  Leon  Say. 

The  masterly  manner  in  which  these  reports  were  developed,  and 
the  discussions  to  which  their  conclusions  gave  rise,  were  greatly  to 


INTERN  ATI  ON  AL  JURY  OF  PRIZES. 


87 


the  honor  of  the  eminent  men  who  composed  the  sub-committee.  If  it 
had  been  possible  to  record  the  elevated  ideas  which  were  exchanged, 
to  picture  the  important  industrial,  economical,  and  artistic  ques¬ 
tions,  which  were  treated  in  the  course  of  the  discussion  with  most 
attractive  fullness,  the  Exposition  would  have  left  behind*  it  one  doc¬ 
ument  more  to  attest  the  value  of  the  men  who  figured  on  its  juries. 

It  would  take  long  to  extract  from  the  record  of  the  proceedings, 
drawn  up  with  remarkable  exactness,  and  a  faithfulness  that  the 
complication  of  the  discussions  might  have  made  impossible,  even  a 
rdsumd  of  the  arguments  and  considerations  on  which  were  based 
the  decisions  in  the  matters  submitted  to  the  jury,  and  presented  to 
it  under  aspects  as  different  as  unexpected,  although  belonging  to 
similar  questions. 

It  must  suffice  me  to  say  that  the  sub-committee  never  intended  to 
appear  to  substitute  its  opinion  for  that, of  the  class  and  group  juries, 
whose  investigations  it  was  bound  to  respect,  made,  as  they  were, 
with  a  competency  which  the  sub-committee  could  not  pretend  wholly 
to  possess.  It  enunciated  no  decisions:  it  simply  passed  upon  the 
form  and  spirit  in  which  the  decisions  had  been  made,  whenever 
it  was  necessary.  The  testimony  which  it  has  had  to  record  amply 
proves,  besides,  the  care  and  equity  which  presided  over  the  deliber¬ 
ations  of  the  juries. 

The  sub-committee,  taking  as  its  text  the  words  pronounced  by  you, 
Mr.  President,  in  the  opening  session  of  the  International  Jury  on 
Prizes,  has  desired  to  furnish  to  our  foreign  guests  proof  of  the 
cordial  hospitality  of  Prance,  and  of  her  gratitude  to  the  nations 
who  responded  to  her  call.  It  was  not  sufficient  for  the  sub-committee 
that  these  foreign  nations  were  represented  in  its  body  by  seven 
members;  it  gave  free  access  to  its  deliberations  to  the  representa¬ 
tives  of  the  different  national  sections,  whether  they  were  members 
of  the  Superior  Jury  or  not.  All  could  be  heard  at  its  bar. 

The  Exposition  of  1889  will  make  its  mark  in  the  history  of  the 
American  nations.  By  their  admirable  aid  in  certain  classes  of 
Group  II,  especially,  and  by  their  incomparable  exhibitions  of  raw 
material  and  natural  products  in  Groups  V  and  VII,  the  nations 
have  affirmed,  and  the  Superior  Jury  has  confirmed,  their  irrefu¬ 
table  right  to  enter  into  the  concert  of  the  most  powerful  nations. 
The  Old  World  must  decidedly  account  with  the  progress  of  the 
New. 

One  of  the  novelties  of  the  Exposition  was  the  Section  of  Social 
Economy.  Mr.  L6on  Say,  amid  the  applause  of  the  sub-committee, 
developed  an  interesting  and  moving  report  on  this  section,  in  which 
it  has  been  found  necessary  to  inform  economists  and  heads  of  prov¬ 
ident  institutions  over  and  over  again  how  they  could  become  exhib¬ 
itors.  It  is  now  settled  that  there  exists  in  the  questions  of  social 
economy  a  new  element  of  classification  for  future  exposition. 


88 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


In  the  course  of  their  fifteen  sessions  the  sub-committee  examined 
about  seven  hundred  and  four  questions,  as  follows: 

First .  Thirty-five  questions  submitted  to  its  judgment  relating, 
under  different  aspects,  to  the  principle  of  non-competition;  to  the 
distinctions  to  be  drawn  between  diplomas  of  prizes  and  commemora¬ 
tive  diplomas  referred  to  in  Article  23  of  the  Regulations  of  the  Jury; 
and  to  the  classification  to  be  made  of  the  collaborators  recommended 
for  prizes. 

Second.  Six  hundred  and  sixty-nine  questions  relating  to  exhibi¬ 
tors  properly  so  called,  and  having  for  their  object  the  elevation  or 
the  reduction  of  certain  prizes;  the  award  of  diplomas  to  products 
overlooked  or  insufficiently  examined;  the  confirmation  of  decisions 
made  by  class  juries  and  amended  by  group  juries,  etc. 

A  certain  number  of  these  last  questions  were  decided  after  the 
reports  drawn  up  by  the  representatives  of  the  groups,  or  furnished 
by  the  delegates  nominated  by  the  sub-commission,  had  been  heard. 
These  six  hundred  and  sixty-nine  reclamations  are  divided  by  group 
as  follows: 


Group  I . 

.  9 

Group  VII . 

.  18 

Group  II . 

.  158 

Group  VIII . 

.  33 

Group  III . 

.  74 

Group  IX . 

.  1 

Group  IV . 

.  90 

Social  Economy . 

.  7 

Group  V  . 

.  125 

Group  VI  . 

.  159 

Total . 

.  669 

Finally  the  presidents  of  the  groups  were  authorized  by  the  sub¬ 
committee,  after  having  come  to  an  understanding  with  the  presi¬ 
dents  and  reporters  of  the  class  juries,  or  with  the  secretaries  of  the 
group  juries,  to  decide  directly  upon  ninety-one  simple  questions, 
the  list  of  which  has  been  annexed  to  the  proceedings ;  which  brings 
to  seven  hundred  and  ninety-five  the  total  number  of  questions  or 
reclamations  which  it  has  settled. 

I  join  to  the  present  report  a  numerical  table,  giving  the  number 
of  the  prizes  of  each  class,  amended  in  each  group  by  the  group 
juries  on  the  one  side,  and  by  the  sub-committee  on  the  other.  The 
increase  of  the  number  of  prizes  which  results  is  as  follows: 


Diplomas  of  grand  prizes . .  28 

Diplomas  of  gold  medals .  108 

Diplomas  of  silver  medals . .  190 

Diplomas  of  bronze  medals .  177 

Diplomas  of  honorable  mention .  . . .  172 


Total . . .  670 


There  is  nothing  excessive  in  these  figures  if  we  consider  the  large 
number  of  articles  and  products  overlooked  by  the  juries,  which  the 
sub-committee  was  obliged  to  have  examined  and  judged  by  its  dele¬ 
gates. 


INTERNATIONAL  JURY  OF  PRIZES. 


89 


I  have  the  honor  to  ask  you  to  propose  to  the  Superior  Jury  to 
accept  this  number.  If  it  needs  to  be  enlightened  on  the  details  of 
the  operations  of  the  sub-committee,  the  tables,  drawn  up  class  by 
class,  and  the  reports  of  the  proceedings  are  at  its  disposition.  The 
members  of  the  sub-committee  are  also  ready  to  give  all  necessary  ex¬ 
planations,  each  in  what  concerns  him. 

I  need  not  add  that  the  Commission  decided,  conformably  to  the 
sentiments  which  appeared  to  prevail  in  the  first  session  of  the  Su¬ 
perior  Jury,  certain  questions  of  principle  submitted  to  it.  Thus  it 
maintained  firmly  the  rules  adopted  on  the  subject  of  non-competi¬ 
tive  exhibits,  ratifying  the  decision  of  the  juries  to  consider  that  when 
directors  general,  delegate  managers,  and  presidents  of  the  councils 
of  administration  of  manufacturing  associations  or  companies,  act 
as  members  of  the  jury,  they  thereby  put  out  of  competition  the 
exhibits  of  such  associations  and  companies.  It  has  admitted  no 
exception  to  this  rule,  and  has  even  declared  out  of  competition  an 
exhibit  in  Group  III  exhibited  in  the  name  of  a  firm  which  con¬ 
tained  the  name  of  an  exhibitor  in  Group  I.  It  refused,  on  the  other 
hand,  to  admit  that  the  directors  of  special  departments  of  such 
associations  and  companies  could,  by  their  presence  on  the  jury,  in¬ 
volve  the  non-competition  of  these  associations,  companies,  etc. 

Thus,  too,  it  concluded,  conformably  to  the  terms  of  my  last  report, 
that  a  producer  exhibiting  dissimilar  articles  in  different  classes 
might  receive  as  many  distinct  prizes  as  there  were  dissimilar  ex¬ 
hibits;  but  the  same  person  could  not  claim  two  or  more  prizes  for 
the  same  article  examined  by  juries  of  different  classes,  even  if 
these  classes  had  nothing  to  do  with  each  other. 

The  Commission  also  thought,  contrary  to  the  conclusions  of  the 
same  report,  that  certain  exhibitors  of  Group  IX,  having  taken  part 
in  the  temporary  competitions  in  horticulture,  might  be  considered 
as  permanent  exhibitors,  and  competent  therefore  to  receive  prizes 
of  the  character  of  those  referred  to  in  Article  7  of  the  Regulations 
of  the  Jury  for  the  exhibitors  in  the  groups  of  Fine  Arts,  of  Indus¬ 
try,  and  of  Agriculture.  A  special  delegation  will  be  added  to  the 
Jury  of  Group  IX  to  decide  upon  such  propositions  as  it  may  make 
for  this  purpose. 

The  last  question  brought  before  the  sub-committee  was  that  of 
the  prizes  of  the  collaborators.  A  very  thorough  discussion  took 
place  on  this  subject.  Every  one  recognized,  as  I  had  said  in  my 
report,  that  the  spirit  of  Article  16  of  the  Regulations  had  been 
badly  or  too  liberally  interpreted.  Recognizing  that  it  was  impossi¬ 
ble  to  make  in  season  a  complete  and  equitable  revision  of  the  work 
of  the  class  juries,  the  sub-committee  discussed  the  question  whether 
it  was  necessary,  in  order  to  diminish  the  number  of  recommenda¬ 
tions  to  the  extent  required  by  the  administration,  to  proceed  to  the 
suppression  of  all  the  high  prizes  of  the  collaborators,  as  far  as  the 


90 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


silver  medal,  for  example.  This  plan  might  be  defended  npon  the 
ground  that  the  directors,  chief  engineers,  and  superior  functionaries 
of  the  establishments  awarded  prizes  had  morally,  from  the  nature 
of  their  positions,  their  share  in  the  prize  awarded.  But  this  view 
was  considered  too  subtile. 

On  the  other  hand,  it  would  have  been  deplorable  to  attain  the 
desired  end  by  striking  out  a  comparatively  large  number  of  prizes 
of  the  lower  grades.  Such  a  proceeding  would  have  been  anti¬ 
democratic,  and  would  have  deprived  of  their  prizes  those  workmen 
and  overseers  whom  the  regulations  had  especially  in  view  in  speak¬ 
ing  of  collaborators. 

The  sub-committee  decided,  therefore,  to  propose  that  the  number 
of  collaborators  prizes  should  be  limited  to  5,500,  and  that,  no  mat¬ 
ter  to  whom  they  were  awarded,  they  should  consist  in  each  case  of 
a  diploma  only. 

The  sub-committee  suggests  to  the  Superior  Jury  to  have  the  kind¬ 
ness  to  adopt  this  solution. 


GEORGES  BERGER. 


REGULATIONS  OF  THE  INTERNATIONAL  JURY- 


INTERNATIONAL  JURY  ON  PRIZES.— REGULATIONS. 

Title  I. — General  Dispositions. 

Article  1.  The  appreciation  of  and  the  verdict  on  works  of  art,  as  well  as  on 
the  industrial  and  agricultural  products  exhibited,  are  intrusted  to  an  international 
jury  comprised  of  titular  and  supplemental  members,  divided  into  the  eighty-five 
classes  of  the  general  classification,  as  settled  by  the  ministerial  decrees  of  August 
26,  1886,  March  11  and  May  1,  1887. 

Art.  2.  In  each  of  the  Class  Juries  the  number  of  titular  members  for  each 
nationality  and  for  each  branch  of  art  or  industry  represented  shall  be,  as  far  as 
possible,  proportioned  to  the  number  of  exhibitors  and  the  importance  of  the  exhibits.. 

The  total  number  of  titular  members,  however,  French  and  foreign,  of  the  Inter¬ 
national  Jury  on  Prizes,  shall  not  exceed  nine  hundred. 

Art.  3.  The  total  number  of  supplemental  jurors,  French  and  foreign,  of  the 
International  Jury  on  Prizes,  shall  not  exceed  one-third  of  the  titular  members. 

Art.  4.  The  French  titular  and  supplemental  members  of  the  International 
Jury  on  Prizes  shall  be  chosen  from  the  great  departments  of  the  Government,  the 
academies,  the  principal  boards  and  incorporated  bodies,  and  for  the  most  part 
among  persons  who,  as  exhibitors  or  as  jurors  appointed  by  the  French  Government, 
have  received  important  prizes  at  the  Universal  International  Expositions  of  Paris, 
London, Vienna,  Philadelphia,  Sidney,  Melbourne,  Amsterdam,  Antwerp,  Barcelona, 
or  Brussels. 

Art.  5.  Supplemental  jurors  shall  have  votes  only  when  they  occupy  the  places 
of  absent  titular  jurors. 

Art.  6.  The  French  titular  and  supplemental  members  of  the  International 
Jury  on  Prizes  shall  be  named  by  presidential  decree,  on  the  nomination  of  the 
President  of  the  Council,  etc.  Commissioner-General  for  the  Class  Juries  of  Group 
II  to  IX,  and  of  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction,  etc.,  for  the  Class  Juries  of 
Group  I. 

The  foreign  titular  and  supplemental  members  of  the  International  Jury  on 
Prizes  shall  be  selected  for  each  nationality  by  the  foreign  national  committees. 

All  nominations  must  be  made  before  May  5,  1889. 

Art.  7.  Each  Class  Jury  of  Groups  II  to  IX  can  add  to  its  members  as  associates 
one  or  more  persons  of  competency  on  the  subjects  submitted  to  its  examination. 
These  associates  or  experts  may  be  selected  from  among  the  titular  or  supplemental 
members  of  any  class,  or  among  specialists  in  the  subject  under  consideration,  out¬ 
side  of  the  members  of  the  jury.  The  persons  thus  added  shall  not  take  part  in 
the  labors  of  the  Class  Jury  to  which  they  have  been  attached,  except  for  the  spe¬ 
cial  object  for  which  they  were  added,  and  they  shall  have  only  a  consultation 
voice. 

The  choice  of  these  associates  or  experts  must  be  approved  by  the  President  of 
the  Council,  etc.,  Commissioner-General. 


91 


92 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Art.  8.  Exhibitors  who  have  accepted  the  office  of  jurymen,  whether  as  titular 
or  supplemental  members,  shall,  ipso  facto,  be  disqualified  to  receive  a  prize. 

Exhibitors  attached  as  associates  or  experts  shall  also  be  disqualified,  but  only  in 
the  class  in  which  they  may  take  part. 

Art.  9.  The  prizes  to  be  awarded  under  the  form  of  diplomas  placed  at  the  dispo¬ 
sition  of  the  International  Jury,  are  divided  as  follows: 

Grand  Prizes,  Diplomas  of  Silver  Medals, 

Diplomas  of  Gold  Medals,  Diplomas  of  Bronze  Medals, 

Diplomas  of  Honorable  Mention. 

Art.  10.  The  International  Jury  on  Prizes  must  finish  its  labors  between  June 
1  and  September  1. 1889.  But  as  regards  the  classes  of  Groups  VII,  VIII,  and  IX, 
intended  for  temporary  competitive  exhibition,  the  labors  of  the  jury  may  be  con¬ 
tinued  during  the  whole  of  the  Exposition,  as  is  laid  down  in  Title  III  of  the  Reg¬ 
ulations  in  force. 

Art.  11.  The  formal  distribution  of  prizes  shall  take  place  in  the  course  of  the 
month  of  September. 

Art.  12.  A  general  report  of  the  labors  of  the  International  Jury  on  Prizes  and 
an  official  list  of  the  names  of  the  successful  exhibitors  shall  be  published. 

Art.  13.  In  accordance  with  Article  3  of  the  Decree  of  July  28,  1886,  it  shall  be 
the  duty  of  the  Director  General  of  Management,  aided  by  his  principal  assistants, 
to  prepare  and  direct  the  labors  of  the  International  Jury  on  Prizes,  to  receive  and 
forward  the  results  of  the  labors  of  the  said  Jury,  to  assure  himself  that  the  exhibit 
of  no  exhibitor  has  escaped  examination,  to  listen  to  the  observations  and  recla¬ 
mations  of  exhibitors,  and  to  see  that  the  rules  are  observed. 

The  Director-General  of  Management  shall  have  the  right  to  be  present  at  any 
meeting  of  the  International  Jury  on  Prizes,  or  to  be  represented,  but  he  cannot  in¬ 
tervene  in  the  deliberations,  except  to  state  facts,  recall  the  regulations,  and  submit 
the  reclamations  of  the  exhibitors. 


Title  II. 

Award  of  prizes.— Dispositions  applicable  only  to  the  permanent  exhibitions  in 

Groups  I  to  IX. 

Art.  14.  The  award  of  prizes  instituted  by  Article  9  shall  be  decided  by  the  suc¬ 
cessive  labors  of  Class  Juries,  of  which  mention  has  been  made  in  Title  I,  Group 
Juries,  and  the  Superior  Jury,  of  which  we  shall  speak  below. 

Art.  Id.  The  Class  Juries  shall  meet  June  1,  1889.  At  their  first  meeting  they 
shall  elect  their  bureaus,  consisting  of  a  president,  a  vice-president,  a  reporter,  and 
a  secretary. 

The  president  and  the  vice-president  should  be  of  different  nationalities,  one 
French  and  the  other  foreign. 

Art.  16.  Each  Class  Jury  shall  proceed  to  the  examination  of  the  articles  exhib¬ 
ited,  and  shall  decide  without  distinction  of  nationality,  and  according  to  merit, 
upon  the  classification  of  the  contributors  who  shall  appear  to  be  deserving  of  prizes. 

It  shall  make  a  separate  list  of  those  exhibitors  who,  under  Article  8,  cannot 
compete. 

It  shall  classify,  without  distinction  of  nationality,  the  assistants,  master- workmen, 
and  workmen  whom  it  thinks  should  be  mentioned  for  their  participation  in  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  remarkable  articles  figuring  in  the  exhibition. 

These  lists,  signed  by  the  members  of  the  Class  Jury  who  took  part  in  the  work, 
shall  be  transmitted  to  the  Director-General  of  Management  by  July  15  at  the  latest. 

If  a  Class  Jury  shall  not  have  prepared  its  lists  at  the  date  above  mentioned,  they 
shall  be  supplied,  ex-officio,  by  the  Group  Jury. 


REGULATIONS. 


93 


Art.  17.  The  presidents,  vice-presidents,  and  reporters  of  the  Class  Juries  shall 
compose  the  Group  Juries,  which  shall  meet  July  20,  1889. 

Each  Group  Jury  shall  name  a  president,  two  vice-presidents,  and  a  secretary, 
who  may  be  chosen  outside  of  the  members. 

A  decree  will  determine  the  number  of  Frenchmen  and  foreigners  who  may  be 
called  to  these  functions. 

The  nominations  shall  be  made  by  decree  on  the  suggestion  of  the  President  of  the 
Council,  etc.,  Commissioner-General,  for  Groups  II  to  IX,  and  on  that  of  the  Minis¬ 
ter  of  Public  Instruction,  etc.,  for  Group  I. 

Art.  18.  Each  group  shall  revise  and  decide  upon  the  classified  lists  submitted  by 
the  Class  Juries. 

It  shall  consult  successively  each  Class  Jury  on  the  decisions  which  concern  it, 
and  agree  upon  the  suggestions  to  be  made  to  the  Superior  Jury  as  regards  the 
number  and  division  of  prizes  of  each  kind  to  be  assigned  to  each  class. 

The  results  of  the  labors  of  the  Group  J uries  must  be  transmitted  to  the  Director- 
General  of  Management  August  15,  1889  ;  if  the  report  of  any  group  should  not  be 
ready  on  this  date  the  Superior  Jury  shall  supply  it  ex  officio. 

Art.  19.  The  Superior  Jury  shall  have  for  honorary  president  the  President  of 
the  Council,  etc. ;  it  shall  have  for  honorary  vice-presidents,  the  Minister  of  Public 
Instruction,  etc. ,  and  the  Minister  of  Agriculture. 

It  shall  have  for  president  and  vice-presidents  the  president  and  vice-presidents 
of  the  Superior  Commission  of  Revision,  as  constituted  by  the  ministerial  decrees 
of  March  11  and  May  4,  1887. 

It  shall  be  composed  of — 

The  vice-presidents  of  the  Commission  of  Control  and  of  the  Finances ;  the  pres¬ 
idents  and  vice-presidents  of  the  Group  Juries  ;  the  members  of  the  Superior  Com¬ 
mission  of  Revision ;  the  commissioners-general  or  the  presidents  of  the  National 
Commissions,  whose  country  numbers  more  than  five  hundred  exhibitors  inscribed 
on  the  catalogue. 

The  president  of  the  special  jury  of  the  Exhibition  of  Social  Economy,  instituted 
by  Article  21;  the  Direc :or-General  of  the  Works  ;  the  Director-General  of  Manage¬ 
ment  ;  the  Director-General  of  Finances  ;  the  Chief  of  the  Mechanical  and  Elec¬ 
trical  Services ;  the  Chief  of  Service  of  the  French  Section  ;  the  Chief  of  Cabinet 
of  the  Ministry  of  Commerce  and  of  the  General  Administrator  of  the  Exposition ; 
the  Director  of  Fine  Arts  ;  the  Special  Commissioner  of  Fine  Arts,  and  the  Director 
of  Agriculture. 

Art.  20.  The  following  are  named  secretaries  of  the  Superior  Jury: 

The  secretaries  of  the  directors-general  of  the  Exposition  ;  the  chief  of  cabinet  of 
the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction,  etc. ;  the  chief  of  cabinet  of  th6  Minister  of  Agri¬ 
culture  ;  the  sub-chief  of  the  General  Administrator  of  the  Exposition,  and  the  sec¬ 
retaries  of  the  group  committees. 

Art.  21.  The  Superior  Jury  shall  meet  August  20,  1889.  It  shall  examine  the 
recommendations  of  the  Group  Juries,  and  shall  decide,  without  recourse  aud  ac¬ 
cording  to  merit,  on  the  lists  of  exhibitors  in  each  class  entitled  to  prizes  and  on 
the  number  and  distribution  of  the  prizes  of  the  different  kinds  to  be  conferred  on 
the  successful  exhibitors. 

Art.  22.  A  special  jury  of  thirty -two  members  shall  be  created  for  the  Exhibition 
of  Social  Economy.  The  nominations  shall  be  made  by  decree  on  the  proposition 
of  the  President  of  the  Council,  etc.,  Commissioner-General. 

One-half  the  members  shall  be  chosen  among  the  members  of  the  sectional  commit¬ 
tees  of  the  Exhibition  of  Social  Economy;  the  other  half  shall  be  taken  from  outside. 

The  special  jury  of  the  Exhibition  of  Social  Economy  shall  meet  June  1 ,  1889. 
At  its  first  meeting  it  shall  elect  its  bureau,  composed  of  a  president,  a  vice-presi¬ 
dent,  a  reporter,  and  a  secretary. 


94 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


The  special  jury  of  the  Exhibition  of  Social  Economy  shall  prepare,  in  order  of 
merit,  the  list  of  exhibitors  who  can  receive  prizes,  and  shall  make  its  recommen¬ 
dations  relative  to  the  number  and  distribution  of  the  prizes  of  the  different  kinds. 

The  results  of  the  labors  of  the  special  jury  on  the  Exhibition  of  Social  Economy 
must  be  submitted  to  the  Director-General  of  Management  August  15,  1889,  to  be 
transmitted  directly  to  the  Superior  Jury. 

Art.  23.  Special  diplomas  may  be  awarded  to  persons  who  have  taken  part  in  the 
Retrospective  Exposition  of  Labor  and  of  the  Anthropological  Sciences,  and  in  the 
Retrospective  Exposition  of  the  Fine  Arts,  by  loaning  articles  to  members  of  the 
different  committees,  commissions,  and  juries,  as  well  as  to  functionaries  of  the  ad¬ 
ministrative  services. 


Title  III. 

Award  of  prizes — Special  dispositions  as  regards  the  temporary  competitive 
exhibitions  of  Groups  VII,  VIII,  and  IX. 

Art.  24.  During  the  whole  duration  of  the  Exposition  the  Class  Juries  inter¬ 
ested  shall  submit  to  the  President  of  the  Council,  etc.,  Commissioner-General,  the 
names  of  the  associates  they  may  desire  to  add  to  their  number  for  the  examination 
of  the  products  comprised  in  the  temporary  competitive  exhibitions  which  may  take 
place  in  certain  classes  of  Groups  VII,  VIII,  and  IX. 

The  presentation  of  the  names  of  these  temporary  associates  shall  be  made  eight 
days  at  least  before  the  day  fixed  for  the  opening  of  each  of  such  temporary  com¬ 
petitive  exhibitions. 

As  soon  as  these  temporary  competitive  exhibitions  shall  be  ended,  each  tem¬ 
porary  committee,  composed  of  members  of  the  jury  of  the  corresponding  class  and 
of  their  temporary  associates,  shall  prepare,  in  order  of  merit,  a  list  of  the  exhibitors, 
collaborators,  and  workmen  whom  it  shall  judge  worthy  of  prizes,  and  shall  arrange 
them  in  four  lists  under  the  titles  of  “  first  prizes,”  “second  prizes,”  “  third  prizes,” 
and  “  honorable  mentions.” 

This  classification  may  be  published  immediately. 

Art.  26.  As  soon  as  the  temporary  competitive  exhibitions  shall  have  ended,  the 
Group  Juries  of  Groups  VII,  VIII,  and  IX  shall  prepare  a  list,  by  name,  of  the  ex¬ 
hibitors,  collaborators,  and  workmen  to  whom  the  temporary  committee  may  have 
awarded  prizes  in  conformity  to  the  preceding  article;  they  shall  then  award  to 
each  prize-winner  a  diploma  which  shall  mention  the  prizes  and  honorable  men¬ 
tions  obtained  by  him  in  the  temporary  competitive  exhibitions  during  the  whole 
Exposition. 

Art.  27.  Rules  for  the  prizes  to  be  awarded  to  the  prize-winners  of  the  competi¬ 
tive  exhibition  of  reproductive  animals  shall  be  made  separately  and  according  to 
special  regulations. 

Examined  and  submitted. 

GEORGES  BERGER, 
Director-General  of  Management. 

Examined  and  approved. 

Tirard, 

President  of  the  Council,  etc. ,  Commissioner-General. 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  INTERNATIONAL  JURORS. 


Distribution  by  country  and  by  classes  of  the  foreign  members  of  the  international 

jury  of  awards. 


Countries. 

Group  I 

Works  of  Art. 

Group  H. 

Education  and  Instruction:  Apparatus  and 
Processes  used  in  the  Liberal  Arts. 

1  and 

o 

3. 

4. 

5. 

5  bis. 

6. 

7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

16. 

France  and  Colonies . 

26 

14 

10 

5 

19 

12 

10 

9 

14 

10 

6 

8 

9 

8 

y 

6 

Netherlands . 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

United  States  of  America. . . . 
Austria-Hungary . 

4 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

Sweden  and  Norway . 

4 

1 

1 

Belgium . 

Denmark  . 

4 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Spain . 

2 

1 

1 

Gr<-at  Britain  and  Colonies  . . 

4 

i 

o 

1 

1 

2 

Greece  . 

1 

1 

Italy . 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Finland . 

1 

Russia . 

1 

i 

1 

1 

1 

Switzerland . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

2 

1 

Egypt . 

1 

Japan  . 

1 

1 

1 

Brazil . 

1 

1 

Luxembourg . 

1 

Persia . 

1 

International  Section . 

3 

Mexico . 

1 

1 

Total . 

59 

22 

13 

7 

x3 

18 

12 

13 

23 

16 

10 

12 

15 

10 

14 

10 

Group  III. 

Furniture  and  Accesrories. 


Countries. 


17. 

1 

18. 

19. 

20. 

21. 

22. 

23. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

France  and  Colonies . 

9 

8 

_ 

9  1 

H 

4 

4 

5 

8 

8 

10 

10 

Netherlands . 

1 

United  States  of  America. . . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

i 

1 

1 

Austria-Hungary . 

1 

1 

1 

2 

Belgium  . 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

1 

Denmark . 

1 

1 

1 

Spain . 

1 

. 

1 

Great  Britain  and  Colonies. . . 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

Greece  . 

1 

Italy . 

1 

1 

1 

i 

i  1 

Russia . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Switzerland . 

1 

1 

4 

1 

Egypt . 

1. 

.... 

Japan . 

1 

i 

. 

1 

1 

Brazil . 

1 

Roumania . 

i 

Servia . 

.  i 

Portugal . 

i 

China . 

i 

Persia . . 

i 

Mexico . 

1 

Siam . 

1 

Total . 

20 

13 

14 

24 

pT 

6 

10 

12 

k 

11 

17 

1  ^ 

I  9 

95 


96 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS, 


Distribution  by  country  and  by  classes  of  the  foreign  members  of  the  international 
jury  of  awards — Continued. 


Countries. 


Group  IV 

Textile  Fabrics,  Wearing  Apparel  and  Ac¬ 
cessories. 


Group  V. 

Extractive  Arts,  Raw  and 
Manufactured  Products. 


30. 

31. 

32. 

33. 

34. 

35. 

36. 

37. 

38. 

39. 

40. 

41. 

42. 

43. 

44. 

45. 

46. 

47. 

12 

8 

17 

13 

9 

9 

15 

9 

6 

3 

6 

22 

8 

11 

9 

22 

4 

10 

1 

1 

1 

1 

United  States  of  America. . . . 
Austria-Hungary  . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

Sweden  and  Norway . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

Belgium . 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

1 

.... 

”i 

1 

1 

1 

Denmark  . 

Spain  . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Great  Britain  and  Colonies . . . 
Greece 

2 

”2’ 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

3 

2 

2 

1 

1 

Italy  . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Finland  . 

1 

1 

Russia.  . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Switzerland 

2 

” 2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Ep-vnit 

1 

1 

. 

japan 

1 

1 

1 

Brazil  . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

] 

1 

Central  and  South  America 

2 

1 

2  ! 

8 

9 

4 

10 

3 

3 

Luxembourg 1 

1 

. .. 

2 

Roumania . 

2  ' 

1 

1 

1 

Servia 

1 

Portugal 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

China  . 

1 

Persia  . 

1 

Mexico  . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Total . 

19 

11 

27 

26 

15 

14 

29 

15 

9 

4 

7 

53 

26 

20 

30 

38 

6 

20 

Group  VI. 

Apparatus  and  Processes  of  Mechanical  Industries.  Electricity. 


Countries. 


48. 

49.* 

50. 

51. 

52. 

53. 54. 55. 

1 

56. 

57. 

58. 

59. 

60. 

61. 

1 

62. 

63. 

64. 

65. 

66. 

France  and  Colonies . 

9 

10 

6 

13 

4 

5  4 

5 

3 

6 

4 

11 

1 

15 

13 

22 

11 

13 

8 

N  etherlands . 

3 

United  States  of  America  . . . 
Sweden  and  Norway . 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

Belgium.  .  . 

2 

1 

1 

2 

1 

1  ... 

1 

1 

2 

2 

2 

1 

i 

Spain  . 

1 

Great  Britain  and  Colonies. . . 
Italy  .  .  . . . 

2 

2 

2 

...  1 

1 

2 

1 

2 

1 

1 

1 

1 

Switzerland  . .  . 

1 

r.j'i' 

2 

1 

Brazil  . 

1 

Central  and  South  America . . 
Roumania  . 

1 

“i 

. 

1 

Mexico  . 

1.  .  .  . 

...  I . 

1 

Total . 

15 

'-I12 

8 

20 

8 

6  |  6 

6 

4 

9 

6 

16 

22 

20 

31 

15 

15 

9 

*See  Group  VIII. 


DISTRIBUTION  OF  INTERNATIONAL  JURORS.  97 

Distribution  by  country  and  by  classes  of  the  foreign  members  of  the  international 
jury  of  awards — Continued. 


Countries. 

Group  VII. 

P  ood  Products. 

Group  Till. 

Agriculture:  Cultivation  of  the  Vine. 
Fish  Culture. 

67. 

68. 

69. 

70. 

71. 

1  72. 

73. 

7Sbis. 

73 ter. 

49. 

74. 

75. 

76. 

77. 

10 

5 

8 

5 

13 

2 

46 

5 

6 

11 

18 

8 

6 

6 

1 

3 

1 

United  States  of  America. . . . 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

1 

i 

Austria-Hungary . 

3 

o 

Sweden  and  Norway 

2 

1 

Belgium  . . . 

1 

"i* 

3 

1 

Denmark  . 

1 

1 

Spain  . 

1 

1 

i 

4 

Great  Britain  and  Colonies . 

1 

4 

2 

Greece . 

1 

1 

1 

Jta.ly 

2 

Finland 

1 

i 

1 

Russia 

2 

i 

2 

Switzerland 

2 

1 

i 

2 

Eervnt . 

i 

Japan 

i 

1 

1 

Brazil 

i 

i 

Central  South  America . 

4 

1 

3 

4 

Roumania . 

1 

2 

Servia  . 

1 

i 

1 

3 

Portugal . 

1 

1 

1 

Mexico  . 

1 

1 

Hayti . 

1 

Total . 

30 

5 

14 

13 

35 

84 

10 

6 

14 

20 

9  i 

1 

6 

6 

Countries. 

Group  IX. 

Horticulture. 

Social  ^otal 

zz  ir 

78. 

6 

79. 

80. 

81. 

82. 

83. 

France  and  Colonies  . 

7 

4 

6 

4 

4 

24 

830 

21 

59 

20 

17 

69 

9 

23 

58 

8 

23 

6 

20 

38 

5 

12 

13 

63 

5 

10 

5 

13 
2 
3 
3 

14 
1 

1 

1 

1,358 

Netherlands . 

United  States  of  .America . 

1 

Austria-Hungary . 

Sweden  and  Norway  . . .  * . 

Belgium . 

1 

2 

Denmark . 

Spain  . 

Great  Britain  and  Colonies . 

2 

Greece . 

Italy . 

2 

Finland . 

Russia . 

. 

i 

Switzerland . 

:::::: 

. 

Egypt . 

Japan  . 

Brazil  . 

Central  South  America . 

Luxembourg . 

1 

Roumania . 

Servia . . . 

Portugal . 

China . 

Persia . 

International  Section . 

Mexico . . . . . 

1 

Siam . 

Hayti . 

Monaco . 

1 

Total . 

7 

10 

4 

6 

4 

4 

32 

H.  Ex.  410 - 7 


LIST  OF  UNITED  STATES  JURORS. 


UNITED  STATES  GROUP  JURORS,  PARIS  EXPOSITION,  1889. 

Vice-President  Group  II.  Somerville  Pinkney  Tuck. 

Vice-President  Group  VI.  R.  H.  Thurston. 

Vice-President  Group  VIII.  Capt.D.  A.  Lyle,  Ordnance  Department, IT.  S.  Army. 


UNITED  STATES  CLASS  JURORS,  NOMINATED  BY  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 


Rush  C.  Hawkins,  W.  T.  Dannat,  Charles  S.  Pearce,  and  Paul  W. 

Bartlett. . 

Henry  S.  Bisbing . 

Julius  L.  Stewart . 

C.  Wellman  Parks . 

Walter  A.  Donaldson . . 

Theodore  Stanton . 

H.  G.  Rogers . 

Charles  S.  Hastings . . . 

A.  G.  Dickinson . 

A.  L.  Rotch . 

George  W.  Hayes . 

Hilly ard  Lee  (State  Commissioner  from  Maryland) . 

W.  E.  Ingersoll . 

Charles  Colne  . 

Anthony  Pollok . . . . 

Henry  B.Sliope . 

Jacques  Schieb . . 

Lazard  Kahn . 

W.  Herrick . 

Max  Heilman  (State  Commissioner  from  California). . . 

Max  Wasserman  (State  Commissioner  from  California) . 

A.  Van  Bergen . 

James  Rumrill . 

Emile  Levy . 

Aaron  Ward . 

D.  W.  Seligman  (State  Commissioner  from  Montana) . 

W.  H.  Chandler . 

David  Cahn  (State  Commissioner  from  California) . 

C.  N.  Haldeman  (State  Commissioner  from  Florida) . 

S.  B.  Newberry . . . 

J.  M.  Crafts .  . 

A.  H.  Reitlinger . 

Henry  M.  Howe . . . 

W.  S.  Ward . . . . 


Class. 

1,2 

3 

5 

6 
7 
9 

10 

12 

13 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 
22 
24 

27 

28 

29 

30 

35 

36 

37 

38 

39 

41 

42 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

49 


99 


100 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Class. 

A.  H.  Clark . . . . .  50 

W.  W.  Evans . .  51 

R.  H.  Thurston  and  Prof.  C.  B.  Richards .  52 

Charles  R.  Goodwin .  53 

S.  N.  Gotendorf .  56 

E.  W.  Serrel,  jr .  57 

Thomas  J.  Sloane .  58 

C.  S.  Ward .  ...  59 

Dr.  Thomas  W.  Evans .  60 

H.  B.  Plant  (State  Commissioner  from  Florida) .  61 

Carl  Hering  and  B.  Abdank .  62 

A.  G.  Wilkinson .  63 

James  Cheesman . . .  69 

Alfred  Schweizer .  70,71 

A.  Bailly-Blanchard .  72 

C.  McK.  Loeser .  73 

C.  Richards  Dodge . .  73  bis. 

D.  A.  Lyle . . .  74 

John  F.  Darr . .  . .  . . - .  75 

Somerville  P.  Tuck — Social  Economy  Section. 


i 


REVIEW  OF  SOCIAL  ECONOMY 


SOCIAL  ECONOMY. 

Social  economy  is  the  question  of  the  day.  The  energetic  and 
fearless  young  Emperor  of  Germany  has  summoned  a.  congress  to 
consider  this  grave  and  important  question.  France  and  England 
have  agreed  to  take  part  in  it,  and  there  can  he  no  doubt  that  Ger¬ 
many’s  allies,  Austria,  Hungary,  and  Italy,  will  also  be  represented. 
When  an  imperial  government  acts  on  the  great  question  of  the  re¬ 
lations  between  capital  and  labor,  it  is  time  that  the  republican  gov¬ 
ernment  of  a  manufacturing  country  should  act  too.  The  United 
States  would  therefore  do  well  to  take  advantage  of  the  Exposition 
of  1892  to  hold  a  practical  congress  on  this  subject.  A  Government 
exhibit  at  Chicago  of  facts  and  figures,  illustrated  with  drawings 
and  models,  like  that  at  the  Exposition  of  the  Champ  de  Mars,  could 
not  fail  to  be  of  public  utility.  Our  Government  has  great  facilities 
for  this  work  through  its  army  of  postmasters,  but  especially  at  this 
time  when  its  census-takers  are  busy  collecting  statistics.  A  report 
on  the  results  of  such  an  exhibit,  published  in  due  time,  and  distrib¬ 
uted  by  members  of  Congress  among  their  constituents,  would  give 
masters  and  workmen  valuable  information,  and  probably  benefit 
both. 

With  this  view  it  is  proposed  to  give  in  this  report  a  condensed 
account  of  the  constitution  of  the  Exhibition  of  Social  Economy  in 
the  great  Exposition  of  1889.  We  are  compelled  to  condense,  and 
therefore  omit  whatever  appears  to  be  applicable  to  France  alone,  or 
at  least  not  applicable  to  the  United  States.  We  trust  that  the  in¬ 
formation  thus  given  may  serve  at  least  as  a  basis  of  action,  either 
on  the  part  of  the  Government,  or  of  the  organizers  of  the  Exposi¬ 
tion  of  1892. 

We  begin  with  the  orders  of  the  Minister  of  Commerce  and  Indus¬ 
try,  who  was  the  Commissioner-General  of  the  Exposition. 

The  Minister  of  Commerce,  etc.,  Commissioner-General,  orders: 

*  *  .  *  *  *  *  * 

Article  1.  An  Exhibition  of  Social  Economy  is  organized  at  the  Universal  Expo¬ 
sition  of  1889.  This  Exhibition  applies  to  manufactures  and  to  agriculture.  It  is 
divided  into  fifteen  sections,  comprising  the  objects  enumerated  in  the  annexed 
memorandum.  (A  sixteenth  section  was  added  later. ) 

******* 

101 


102 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


1.  The  Exhibition  of  Social  Economy  comprises  first,  institutions  of  private  initia¬ 
tive,  created  by  the  employers,  or  by  the  employed,  or  by  a  union  between  the  two, 
to  alleviate  the  moral  and  material  condition  of  the  latter.  Second,  institutions 
and  establishments  created  and  kept  up  with  the  same  object,  by  the  state,  cities, 
arrondissements,  or  other  competent  authority,  as  well  as  by  associations  or  indi¬ 
viduals. 

2.  A  methodical  series  of  questions  shall  be  prepared  by  the  commissioners  on 
organization,  in  such  a  form  as  to  guide  the  witnesses  and  the  examiners,  and  to 
facilitate  the  examination  and  the  classification  of  the  answers. 

******* 

3.  Exhibitors  are  particularly  requested  to  join  to  the  documents,  statutes,  re¬ 
ports,  books,  and  memoirs  which  they  may  exhibit,  articles  calculated  to  attract 
attention,  such  as  models,  drawings,  plans  in  relief,  photographs  under  glass,  in 
albums,  or  on  pasteboard,  pictures,  etc. 

4.  A  library  shall  be  collected  for  each  category  of  subjects  comprised  in  this  ex¬ 
hibition,  containing  the  most  important  books  and  documents  relating  to  the  cate¬ 
gory  ;  laws,  regulations,  official  reports,  reports  of  scientific  congresses,  newspapers, 
and  special  publications  on  social  questions  and  provident  institutions . 

*  *  *  *  *  *  * 

8.  The  administration  may  place  in  one  or  several  of  the  workmen’s  dwellings 
exhibited  in  Section  II,  collections  or  specimens  of  furniture,  costume,  clothing,  and 
articles  of  household  use. 

9.  The  administration  may  set  up  before  the  eyes  of  the  visitors  small  workshops 
of  the  domestic  industries,  indicated  in  the  programme  of  Section  XV. 

10.  Conferences  on  social  economy  will  form  part  of  this  exhibition. 

That  eminent  author  and  statesman,  M.  Leon  Say,  was  then  ap¬ 
pointed  president  of  the  Exhibition  of  Social  Economy,  and  was 
assisted  by  a  large  number  of  senators,  deputies,  professors,  and  ex¬ 
perts.  The  exhibition  was  thereupon  divided  into  fifteen  sections, 
each  section  having  its  committee,  consisting  of  a  president,  vice- 
president,  and  secretary,  and  four  members.  These  gentlemen  pre¬ 
pared  ‘4  series  of  questions,  each  committee  in  its  own  section,  and 
the  orders  of  the  minister  and  the  questions  were  distributed  freely 
throughout  France,  to  the  prefects,  to  the  proprietors  of  mills,  to  the 
officers  of  mutual-aid  societies,  and  to  experts  generally.  Accom¬ 
panying  these  questions  was  an  “Expose  des  Motifs”  (Objects  of 
the  Exposition),  from  which  we  extract  liberally : 

Interest  in  the  lot  of  the  people  is  certainly  one  of  the  traits  which  characterize 
and  honor  the  nineteenth  century,  and  particularly  these  later  years.  It  should 
therefore  be  reflected  in  the  Exposition  of  1889.  By  the  side  of  the  product  it  is 
important  to  show  the  present  condition  of  the  producer;  what  has  been  done  to 
better  his  lot,  and  wliat  remains  to  be  done. 

It  is  not  sufficient,  on  the  occasion  of  the  centenary  of  1789,  to  adopt  the  ordinary 
programme  of  universal  expositions. 

To  collect  under  the  eyes  of  the  public  the  marvels  of  human  labor,  the  discoveries 
of  science,  the  chefs-d’oeuvre  of  art,  and  the  instruction  which  transmits  to  future 
generations  the  lessons  of  the  past,  is  to  accomplish  only  a  part  of  the  task  imposed 
upon  our  country  by  such  a  national  solemnity. 

The  secular  anniversary  of  1789  being  at  the  same  time  political  and  social,  it  is 
proper  to  celebrate  it  in  this  double  point  of  view,  by  bringing  together  all  the  happy 


REVIEW  OF  SOCIAL  ECONOMY. 


105 


changes,  all  the  memorable  examples,  all  the  successful  benevolent  institutions, 
which,  thanks  to  the  judicious  observance  of  the  laws  of  social  and  industrial  econ¬ 
omy,  have  provided  for  the  people  new  elements  of  moral  and  material  prosperity 
in  the  present,  and  security  for  the  future.  It  would  be  well,  too,  to  show  by  facts 
and  in  a  striking  manner  that,  under  the  empire  of  modern  laws  and  of  the  liberty 
of  industry,  immense  progress — too  often  overlooked — has  been  made  during  three- 
quarters  of  a  century,  and  continues  to  be  made  to-day,  without  violence  and  even 
without  noise,  by  the  natural  improvement  of  ways  of  life,  the  irresistible  pressure 
of  public  opinion,  and  the  peaceful  triumph  of  just  ideas.  We  should  recall,  too,  the 
condition  of  tne  workman  when  delivered  to  the  abuses  of  the  tax-gatherers;  his  labor 
was  oftener  abused  than  protected  by  the  rule  of  corporations. 

We  cannot  to-day  better  glorify  the  work  of  1789,  and  the  liberation  of  industry  by 
the  French  Revolution,  than  by  showing  the  admirable  results  produced  in  the  en¬ 
tire  world  by  the  impulse  of  individual  independence,  combined  with  the  principle 
of  association.  This  should  be  a  complete  picture  of  one  of  the  greatest  economical 
and  social  evolutions  of  humanity. 

We  shall  attain  this  end  by  creating  in  the  Exposition  a  new  group,  exclusively 
consecrated  to  social  economy,  which  shall  comprise  in  a  sufficient  number  of 
classes  the  ensemble  of  the  sources  of  prosperity,  and  a  complete  tableau  of  provi¬ 
dent  institutions,  of  dwellings,  and  of  co-operation  under  all  its  forms. 

We  shall  thus  place  in  relief  all  the  institutions  created  by  employers  in  favor  of 
their  workmen,  by  the  workmen  themselves,  or  by  the  state  or  cities,  to  ameliorate 
the  physical  and  moral  condition  of  workmen,  accustom  them  to  economy,  teach 
them  the  advantage  of  co-operation,  stimulate  their  initiative,  and,  while  providing 
them  healthy  habitations,  facilitate  their  becoming  owners  of  them.  We  shall  call 
public  attention  to  useful  examples,  and  by  an  effective  propaganda,  based  on  expe¬ 
rience  and  well-ascertained  facts,  contribute  to  develop  harmony  among  all  those 
engaged  in  the  same  work. 

To  prepare  this  Exhibition  of  Social  Economy,  we  must  first  have  recourse  to 
preliminary  inquiries. 

In  connection  with  the  above  “Expose  des  Motifs”  Mr.  Georges 
Berger,  the  intelligent  Director-General  of  the  Management  of  the 
Exposition,  issued  a  circular,  part  of  which  we  translate  : 

We  must  repeat  that  in  preparing  this  new  exhibition,  it  is  important  to  speak  to 
the  eye  as'well  as  to  the  mind,  and  that  subjects  which  are  treated  in  documents 
and  statistics  should  be  illustrated  by  maps  and  plans  in  relief,  and  by  illustrations, 
so  as  to  put  under  the  eyes  of  visitors  facts  which  might  otherwise  remain  buried 
under  a  mass  of  figures. 

In  this  point  of  view  collective  exhibits  should  be  encouraged. 

We  must  give  this  exhibition  an  agreeable  and  lively  aspect,  and  make  palpable 
and  impressive,  by  all  the  material  means  we  can  command  the  economic  facts 
which  are  to  be  shown.  The  administration  will,  no  doubt,  do  all  in  its  power  to 
give  this  enterprise  the  decorative  and  picturesque  character  which  ought  specially 
to  stamp  it,  but  the  committees  and  exhibitors  must  be  moved  by  the  same  motives 
in  order  to  give  it  body  and  life. 


MANAGEMENT — GENERAL  PLAN. 

Mural  maps  and  illustrated  tables  should  play  an  important  part  in  making  fig¬ 
ures  and  essential  facts  appreciable  by  all  visitors.  We  might  place  in  the  sections 
of  trade  corporations  and  mutual  aid  societies,  ancient  and  modern  banners,  insig¬ 
nia,  and  medals  symbolic  of  the  history  of  these  corporations;  and  alongside  of  doc- 


104 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


uments  relating  to  apprenticeship,  the  work  of  the  apprentices  themselves, — flowers, 
feathers,  painting,  jewelry,  drawing,  etc. 

The  section  of  workmen’s  dwellings  ought  to  contribute  their  special  physiogomy 
to  this  exhibition.  It  would  be  well  to  construct  specimens  of  natural  size,  which 
the  exhibitors  will  no  doubt  construct  themselves,  and  in  which  might  be  placed 
furniture  best  adapted,  as  regards  both  health  and  economy,  to  the  wants  of  a 
workman’s  family. 

If  it  were  possible  to  construct  in  the  center  of  this  Exposition  a  workmen’s  club, 
with  all  its  dependencies,  including  a  lecture-room,  we  might  place  in  it,  in  a  pleas¬ 
ing  form,  many  articles  having  reference  to  social  economy,  busts  and  portraits  of 
deceased  persons  distinguished  for  their  devotion  to  the  working  classes  and  for 
their  self-sacrifice;  and  specimens,  models,  and  drawings  of  the  tools,  clothing, 
and  dwellings  of  workmen  and  peasants  at  different  periods,  so  that  the  visitor 
could  see  at  a  glance  the  changes  made  in  a  century  in  their  manner  of  living  and  of 
work. 

Around  this  club  might  be  grouped  popular  establishments,  such  as  cheap  restau¬ 
rants  or  refectories,  dispensaries,  temperance  coffee-houses,  models  of  bath-houses 
and  laundries,  etc.,  the  whole  arranged  with  taste.  We  might  erect,  too,  work¬ 
men’s  dwellings  on  the  lawns  and  in  the  shrubberies,  which  will  ornament  the 
many  thousand  square  meters  assigned  to  the  Exhibition  of  Social  Economies. 

Besides  these  separate  buildings,  there  should  be  a  main  building  in  the  rear  of 
the  grounds,  to  accommodate  the  fifteen  sections  with  their  documents,  their  tables, 
their  designs,  etc. 

*  *  *  *  -x-  *  -x- 

Finally,  the  object  is  to  show  by  preliminary  inquiry  and  by  exhibition  a  com¬ 
plete  and  impartial  inventory  of  the  economic  and  social  question  at  the  end  of  the 
nineteenth  contury — its  successive  changes,  its  actual  condition,  and  what  is  to  be 
desired  for  it. 

We  should  all,  from  love  of  country,  and  with  a  noble  aim  in  view,  study  closely 
and  with  ever-increasing  zeal  the  questions  relating  to  manufacturing  and  agricult¬ 
ural  labor,  encourage  legitimate  hopes,  bring  prominently  forward  institutions 
which  have  succeeded,  solutions  reached  by  the  free  action  of  individuals  or  of 
associations;  place  in  full  view  efforts  heretofore  unrecognized,  assist  badly  in- 
formedi  good  intentions^ — in  a  word,  point  out  to  employers  and  employes,  who  so 
far  have  done  nothing,  the  instructive  examples  of  those  who  have  known  how  to 
act,  and  to  act  successfully. 

The  fifteen  sections  were  divided  as  follows : 


1.  Remuneration  of  Labor. 

2.  Participation  in  profits — Co-operative 

Societies. 

3.  Trades  Unions. 

4.  Apprenticeship. 

5.  Mutual  Aid  Societies. 

6.  Superannuation  Fund — Annuities. 

7.  Insurance  against  Accident.  Life  In¬ 

surance. 

8.  Savings. 

9.  Food  Co-operative  Associations. 


10.  Credit  Co-operative  Associations. 

11.  Workmen’s  Dwellings. 

12.  Workmen’s  Club  —  Recreations  and 

Sports. 

13.  Social  Hygiene. 

14.  Diverse  Institutions  established  bv 

employers  for  the  benefit  of  their 
employes. 

15.  Factory  and  Workshop  Labor — Large 

and  Small  Farms. 


Questions  having  been  prepared  in  each  of  the  above  sections,  and 
addressed  as  we  have  said  to  parties  competent  to  give  information, 
blanks  for  the  answers  were  also  prepared  and  sent  out  in  duplicate; 
for  the  Commission  very  wisely  resolved  to  facilitate  the  answers  in 


REVIEW  OF  SOCIAL  ECONOMY, 


105 


■every  way.  The  different  paragraphs  were  numbered  in  order,  and 
without  regard  to  the  section  to  which  they  belonged,  so  that  in 
.answering  the  writer  had  simply  to  place  a  number  without  further 
heading  on  his  sheet,  and  proceed  with  his  answer. 

It  may  be  well  to  give  these  questions  in  one  of  the  sections  in 
order  to  illustrate  the  method  of  proceeding.  In  the  other  sections 
we  shall  give  the  heads  alone.  We  select  the  first  section,  as  perhaps 
the  most  important. 


Section  I.— Remuneration  of  Labor. 

I.  Miscellaneous,  concerning  the  factory  and  its  management. 

1.  Describe  the  establishment. — State  what  is  manufactured  (arrangement  and 
division  of  the  workshops — amount  of  business  done — hands,  how  many — distin¬ 
guish  between  the  sexes,  and  give  the  ages  of  children).  Recruitment  (local  or 
foreign,  details  by  nationalities)— stability  or  instability  (meaning  are  the  workmen 
often  changed). 

Conduct  of  the  work.  Periods  of  activity  and  of  stoppage.  Are  they  regular  or 
intermittent  ? 

Yearly  amount  of  wages.  Its  relation  to  the  amount  of  business. 

If  the  question  has  reference  to  agriculture,  name  the  total  area  and  the  division 
of  the  land  for  different  crops  ;  rotation  of  crops  ;  mode  of  working  ;  laborers  ; 
annual  crops. 

Other  details  characterizing  the  workshop  or  its  management. 

II.  Factory  wages. 

2.  Method  of  fixing  icages. — Are  wages  paid  by  the  day,  the  hour,  the  job,  or  by 
a  percentage?  Are  they  fixed  by  a  combination  of  these  methods  ?  Are  there  dif¬ 
ferent  methods  applied  according  to  the  character  of  the  work  ?  What  are  these 
kinds  of  work  ?  Do  the  wages  depend  upon  the  price  of  the  goods  ? 

3.  Supply  and  demand  for  labor. — Mode  of  recruitment ;  hiring ;  guaranties 
required  (inferences,  diplomas,  inquiries);  intelligence  offices  ;  labor  exchanges  (ori¬ 
gin,  organization,  results). 

4.  Rates  of  wages. — Rate  by  classes  in  the  mill :  men,  women,  children.  (Give 
the  highest,  the  lowest,  and  the  mean  rate). 

Compare  the  rates  of  wages  according  to  the  different  methods  of  fixing  them 
{day,  percentage,  etc.);  state  if  several  of  these  methods  are  adopted  at  the  same 
time. 

Fluctuation  of  wages  for  a  quarter  of  a  century  (go  further  back  if  it  can  be 
done  with  accuracy),  both  in  the  mill  itself  and  in  the  neighborhood. 

Give  annual  remuneration  of  a  good,  ordinary  workman  (taking  into  considera¬ 
tion  stoppages  in  the  dead  season  and  at  other  times). 

Compare  earnings  of  families  who  work  also  outside  of  the  workshop  ;  in  the 
fields,  for  instance. 

5.  Bounties,  or  additional  wages.—  Are  there  in  the  factory,  besides  wages,  boun¬ 
ties  calculated  on  one  or  several  of  the  following  principles: 

(a)  Quantity  of  work  done  in  a  day,  fortnight,  or  month,  beyond  a  fixed  mean. 

( b )  Quality  of  the  work. 

(c)  Economy  realized  in  the  use  of  raw  material  or  fuel. 

(d)  Longevity. 


106 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Indicate  the  plan  of  these  different  combinations,  and  the  basis  of  application. 
At  the  end  of  what  period  are  the  results  known  ?  Are  these  bounties  offset  by  a. 
reduction  of  wages  if  the  quantity  and  quality  of  the  work  fall  below  a  certain 
standard,  or  if  the  consumption  of  raw  material  is  excessive  ?  Does  the  calculation 
of  these  bounties  give  rise  to  disputes  ? 

In  the  absence  of  or  in  addition  to  these  bounties  mathematically  fixed,  are 
there  others  given  by  the  employers  at  their  discretion  ?  Total  amount  of  such 
bounties  for  all  the  employes,  and  for  each  of  them. 

6.  Allowances  in  kind. — In  addition  to  wages  and  bounties  do  the  workmen  re¬ 
ceive  subventions  proportioned  less  to  the  work  than  to  the  needs  of  the  family  ? 
In  what  do  they  consist  ? 

(a)  Dwellings  at  lower  rents,  or  free  ;  gardens,  fields. 

(5)  Warming. 

(c)  Medicines  and  medical  attendance. 

(d)  Schools. 

(e)  Provisions  and  service,  gratuitous  or  cheaper.  (Transportation  and  clothing 
of  railroad  employes.) 

(/)  Prescriptive  rights  of  custom  on  the  property  of  the  proprietor. 

The  annual  amount  of  these  allowances,  total,  average  per  head.  Their  relation 
to  the  amount  of  work  done  in  the  factory,  and  to  the  amount  of  the  dividends. 

7.  Rules  of  labor. — The  mean  length  of  work  (by  day,  by  week,  by  month,  by 
year,  Sundays,  fete  days);  stoppages. 

Does  the  workman  add  field  labor  to  factory  labor  to  fill  up  the  time  of  stop¬ 
pages  ? 

Number  of  years  of  labor  before  superannuation;  incapacity  arising  from  the* 
character  of  the  work:  mortality;  condition  of  the  workman  in  old  age. 

8.  Encouragements  to  labor  and  to  longevity. — Special  advantages  accorded  to 
workmen  to  favor  permanence  of  engagement  (longevity  bounties;  sick  bounties; 
light  labor  reserved  for  infirm  or  old  men;  preferences  enjoyed  in  the  selection  of 
vacant  houses;  pensions).  Money  value  of  those  advantages. 

Medals  and  prizes  to  reward  the  quality  and  faithfulness  of  the  work,  and  reciting 
the  condition  of  old  and  meritorious  workmen. 

9.  Payment  of  wages. — Division  of  pay-days  (by  month,  fortnight,  or  week);  in¬ 
fluence  of  this  division  on  savings,  and  on  the  condition  of  the  workman’s  family; 
measures  taken  to  avoid  the  temptations  of  pay-day.  (Payment  on  one^  day  in  the 
week;  by  alphabetical  order;  by  a  pay-ticket  given  to  the  housekeeper.) 

When  are  the  payments  made?  Is  part  of  the  payment  made  in  kind  (clothing 
or  goods  furnished  by  stores  or  a  canteen)  ?  Proportion  of  wages  paid  in  kind  and 
in  money. 

Wages  withheld  (for  the  sick  fund,  superannuation,  insurance,  and  for  differ¬ 
ent  supplies);  monthly  amounts,  etc.,  withheld,  and  their  proportion  to  the  wages 
paid  in  money.  In  these  amounts  is  there  one  relating  to  supplies  furnished  by 
food  co-operative  stores  not  connected  with  the  factory  ? 

Reclamations  and  incidents  arising  from  payments  in  kind  and  retention  of 
wages. 

Are  wages  attached  by  local  shopkeepers?  Number  and  amount  of  such  claims; 
expulsion  of  workmen,  or  distraining  for  non-payment  of  rent,  etc. 

10.  Disputes  about  the  amount  or  the  modes  of  payment  of  wages.— Strikes  (his¬ 
tory,  causes,  results). 

Do  the  workmen  have  recourse  to  the  courts  to  settle  their  differences  with  their 
employers?  On  what  occasions?  Results. 

Does  there  exist  an  institution  of  conciliation  or  arbitration  to  settle  conflicts  ami¬ 
cably,  and  avoid  strikes  ?  Organization  of  this  tribunal;  circumstances  under  which 
it  has  worked;  results. 


REVIEW  OF  SOCIAL  ECONOMY. 


107 


11.  Relations  between  wages  and  the  expenses  of  living. — Comparative  condition 
of  the  workman  as  regards  resources  and  expenses  to-day  and  at  different  periods, 
going  back  as  far  as  possible,  in  the  same  neighborhood. 

Has  the  increase  of  wages  advanced  more  or  less  rapidly  than  the  expenses  ot 
living  ?  Has  this  increase  been  partly  set  aside  as  savings  ? 

General  condition  of  the  workmen  employed  in  the  factory  and  in  the  neighbor¬ 
hood. 

III.  Agricultural  wages. 

******* 
Sufficient  has  been  given  to  show  the  form  and  character  of  the 
questions.  We  proceed  now  to  give  the  heads  under  which  questions 
were  prepared  in  the  other  sections. 


Section  III. — Participation  in  Profits — Co-operative  Societies. 

I.  Share  of  profits. 

22.  Nature  of  the  industry  and  general  information. 

23.  Percentage  which  the  wages  bear  in  the  manufactured  article  to  the  other  ex¬ 

penses  of  production. 

24.  Proportion  and  bases  of  the  payment  to  employes  and  workmen  of  a  share  of 

the  amount  of  net  profits. 

25.  Powers  of  the  employer. 

26.  Mode  of  employment  of  the  workman’s  share  of  the  profits. 

27.  Material  and  moral  results  of  the  share  system,  for  the  workman  and  for  the 

masters. 

II.  Industrial  co-operative  societies. 

28.  Nature  of  the  industry  and  general  information. 

29.  Modes  of  raising  the  capital. 

30.  Formation  of  the  management. 

31.  Number  and  condition  of  the  associates. 

32.  Method  of  dividing  the  net  profits. 

33.  Rights  of  apprentice  candidates  for  admission. 

34.  Fruit  growers’  associations  ;  cheese  factories. 

III.  Farming  on  shares. 

35.  Nature  of  the  work  and  general  information. 

36.  Proportion  and  conditions  of  the  division  between  the  proprietor  and  the  farmer 

37.  Special  clauses. 

38.  Material  and  moral  results  of  farming  on  shares. 

Section  III.— Trades  Unions. 

I.  Trade  associations. 

39.  Miscellaneous,  applicable  to  all  syndicates. 

40.  Syndical  association  of  employers. 

41.  Syndical  association  of  employes  (Trades  Unions,  Knights  of  Labor,  etc.). 

42.  Mixed  syndicates  of  masters  and  workmen,  or  of  employers  and  employes.. 

43.  Relations  between  syndicates  of  employers  and  of  workmen. 

44.  Agricultural  syndicates. 

45.  Trade  associations  abroad,  corporations,  open  or  close. 


108 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


II.  Councils  of  conciliation — tribunals  of  arbitration — councils  of  arbitrators. 

46.  Councils  of  conciliation  ;  tribunals  of  arbitration. 

47.  Council  of  arbitrators  ;  trade  tribunals. 

III.  Learned  and  business  societies  for  the  study  of  social  questions. 

48.  Societies  of  social  economy  ;  industrial  societies  and  others. 


Section  IV.— Apprenticeship. 

I.  Apprenticeship  in  the  workshop. 

49.  Miscellaneous,  in  regard  to  the  workshop. 

50.  Relations  between  the  employer  and  the  apprentice. 

51.  Methods  of  apprenticeship. 

52.  Results  of  the  apprenticeship. 

II.  Technical  instruction. 

53.  Schools  of  apprenticeship  peculiar  to  the  workshop. 

54.  Study  outside  of  the  workshop. 

55.  Technical  schools. 

56.  Housekeeping  schools,  to  teach  young  girls  housekeeping. 

57.  Orphan  asylums  ;  manufacturing  or  agricultural  workshops. 

III.  Employers'  associations. 

58.  Nature,  object,  and  advantages  of  employers’  associations. 

Section  V.— Mutual  Aid  Societies. 

I.  Miscellaneous. 

59.  Description  of  the  society. 

60.  Elements  wThich  compose  it. 

61.  History  of  the  society. 

62.  Members. 

63.  Organization ;  administration. 

64.  Relations  with  other  societies. 

65.  Sundry  particulars. 

II.  Objects  of  the  society. 

66.  Aid  in  case  of  sickness. 

67.  Aid  in  case  of  stoppages. 

68.  Aid  in  case  of  old  age. 

69.  Aid  in  case  of  death. 

70.  Different  kinds  of  insurance. 

III.  Financial  organization. 

71.  Receipts  of  the  society  in  1887. 

72.  Expenses  of  the  society  in  1887. 

73.  Financial  situation  at  the  end  of  1887. 


REVIEW  OF  SOCIAL  ECONOMY. 


Section  VI.— Superannuation  Societies  and  Annuities. 

I.  Official  institutions. 

74.  Description  of  the  institution. 

75.  Management  and  administration  of  the  funds. 

76.  Rules  relating  to  the  pensions  paid  by  the  State. 

77.  Members  and  pensioners. 

78.  Financial  results. 

79.  Pensions  on  the  retirement  of  State  functionaries. 

II.  Institutions  founded  on  the  initiative  of  the  parties  interested . 
(See  Sections  III,  V,  IX,  and  X.) 

III.  Institutions  founded  on  the  initiative  of  the  employer. 

80.  Organization  and  working  of  these  institutions. 

81.  Funds  of  provident  societies. 

82.  Financial  results. 

Section  VII.— Insurance  against  Accident.— Life  Insurance. 

I.  Insurance  against  accident. 

83.  Basis  of  insurance,  and  general  information. 

84.  Methods  of  insurance. 

85.  Civil  responsibility  of  the  employer. 

86.  Working  of  the  insurance. 

87.  Premiums  or  assessments. 

88.  Rules  in  case  of  accident. 

89.  Funds  in  case  of  accident. 

90.  Results  of  the  insurance. 

91.  Diverse  peculiarities. 

II.  Life  insurance. 

92.  Employes  insured. 

93.  Conditions  of  the  insurance. 

III.  Diverse  kinds  of  insurance. 

94.  General  information. 

IV.  Insurance  companies. 

95.  Documents  to  be  collected. 


Section  VIII. — Savings. 
I.  Official  institutions . 

96.  Description  of  the  institutions. 

97.  Legal  organization. 

98.  Conditions  of  deposit. 

99.  Depositors. 

100.  Financial  results. 

101.  Peculiarities. 


110 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


II.  Institutions  of  a  purely  private  character. 

102.  Miscellaneous,  about  the  institution. 

•103.  Working  of  the  association. 

104.  Depositors. 

105.  Employment  of  funds. 

106.  Financial  results. 

107.  Peculiarities  in  diverse  special  types  of  savings  societies. 

III.  Institutions  founded  by  employers. 

108.  Different  systems  of  incentive  to  economy. 

Section  IX. — Food  Co-operative  Societies. 

I.  General  remarks  applicable  to  all  food  co-operative  societies. 

109.  Origin  and  formation  of  the  society. 

110.  Object  and  form  of  the  society. 

111.  Capital. 

112.  Number  and  condition  of  shareholders. 

113.  Management  of  the  society. 

114.  Operations  of  the  society — purchases. 

115.  Sales. 

116.  Domicile  of  the  society. 

117.  Service  of  the  stores. 

118.  Books — balance  sheets. 

119.  Division  of  net  profits — financial  situation. 

120.  Noteworthy  facts  connected  with  the  history  of  the  society. 

121.  Material  and  moral  results  of  the  institution. 

II.  Prepared  food  co-operative  societies. — Co-operative  restaurants. 

122.  Management  of  the  society. 

123.  Co-operative  restaurants. 

124.  Material  and  moral  results  of  the  institution. 

III.  Co-operative  bakeries. 

125.  Bread  making. 

126.  Sale. 

127.  Results. 

IV.  Stores. 

128.  Organization. 

129.  Magazines  and  management. 

130.  Moral  and  financial  results. 


Section  X.— Co-operative  Associations  of  Credit. 

I.  General  remarks  applicable  to  all  co-operative  associations  of  credit. 

131.  Origin,  formation,  and  history  of  the  society. 

132.  Object  and  attributes  of  the  society  (loan  society,  etc./ 

133.  Capital. 

134.  Number  and  condition  of  the  shareholders. 

135.  Management  of  the  society. 

136.  Operations  of  the  society, 


REVIEW  OF  SOCIAL  ECONOMY, 


111 


137.  Offices  of  the  society. 

138.  Books,  balance  sheets. 

139.  Division  of  net  profits. 

140.  Financial  situation. 

141.  Relations  of  the  society  to  other  institutions. 

142.  Material  and  moral  results 

Peculiarities  relating  to  certain  institutions  of  co-operative  credit. 

143.  Central  banks. 

144.  Societies  of  a  special  type. 

145.  Loans  on  unindorsed  paper. 

146.  Intervention  of  the  State. 

Section  XI. — Workmen’s  Dwellings. 

I.  Character  and  origin  of  efforts  to  improve  workmen' s  dwellings. 

147.  Societies  formed  by  workmen  exclusively. 

148.  Employers  erecting  dwellings  near  the  center  of  labor. 

149.  Societies  for  the  erection  of  healthy  and  economical  lodgings. 

150.  Private  enterprise. 

151.  Public  administration. 

II.  Types  of  construction  and  rent. 

152.  Detached  dwellings. 

153.  Apartment  houses. 

154.  Rates  of  lodgings  (rent,  other  charges). 

155.  Modes  of  payment. 

III.  Results. 

156.  Material  results  of  the  improvement  of  dwellings. 

157.  Moral  results. 

Section  XII.— Workmen's  Clubs,  Recreations,  and  Sports. 

158.  Description  of  the  club  or  society. 

159.  Members. 

160.  Organization  and  management. 

161.  Financial  organization. 

162.  Refreshments  and  games. 

163.  Occasional  admission  of  the  families  of  members  and  strangers. 

164.  Diverse  clubs  and  associations  for  study  and  mutual  instruction. 

165.  Musical  societies,  sport,  or  others,  established  either  by  workmen’s  clubs,  by 

workmen,  or  by  employers. 

166.  Local  museums. 

167.  Diverse  peculiarities. 


Section  XIII.— Social  Hygiene. 

A — Questions  relating  to  the  neighborhood. 
I.  General  hygiene. 

168.  Hygiene  and  protection  of  infants. 

169.  Hygiene  of  food. 

170.  Alcoholism. 

171.  Hygiene  of  the  dwelling 


112 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


II.  Hygiene  of  the  employment. 

172.  Protection  of  children. 

178.  Protection  of  workwomen. 

174.  Protection  of  workmen. 

175.  Hygiene  of  the  workshop  and  of  the  trade. 

B.— Questions  relating  to  individuals  ;  measures  taken  on  private  initiative  for  the  hygiene: 

AND  PROTECTION  OF  THE  WORKMAN. 

176.  Hygiene  and  protection  of  children. 

177.  Hygiene  and  protection  of  workwomen. 

178.  Hygiene  and  protection  of  workmen. 

179.  Alcoholism. 


Section  XIV.— Divers  Institutions  Created  by  Owners  for  the  Benefit  of 

their  Workmen. 

I.  Miscellaneous  about  the  business. 

180.  Nature  of  the  business. 

181.  Extent  of  the  business. 

II.  Employers’  institutions. 

182.  Institutions  to  increase  remuneration. 

183.  Institutions  of  common  schools  and  of  trade  schools. 

184.  Institutions  to  aid  the  family  in  its  normal  condition  of  labor  and  health. 

185.  Institutions  to  aid  the  family  in  crises. 

1 86.  Institutions  for  the  benefit  of  women  and  children. 

187.  Institutions  of  recreation  for  the  workman. 

188.  Special  institutions. 

III.  Results  of  employers'  institutions. 

189.  Amount  of  working  expenses  and  of  employers’  institutions. 

190.  Character  and  habits  of  the  population. 

191.  Relations  between  capital  and  labor. 


Section  XV.— Factory  and  Workshop  Trades.— Large  and  Small  Farms. 

A.— Questions  relating  to  the  neighborhood. 

I.  Miscellaneous  about  factory  and  workshop  labor. 

192.  Concentration  of  labor. 

193.  Workshop  labor. 

II.  Large  and  small  farms. 

194.  General  condition  of  property  and  of  agriculture  in  the  neighborhood. 

195.  Division  of  the  land. 

196.  Transfer  of  title. 

197.  Intervention  of  the  law  in  the  distribution,  the  disposition,  and  the  transfer  of 

land. 

198.  Peculiarities  incident  to  the  tenure  of  the  property  or  its  cultivation. 

199.  Agricultural  history  of  the  neighborhood. 

200.  Condition  of  the  laborers  on  a  large  farm. 


REVIEW  OF  SOCIAL  ECONOMY. 


113 


201.  Condit  on  of  the  laborers  on  a  medium  farm. 

202.  Condition  of  the  laborers  on  a  small  farm. 

203.  Condition  of  the  laborers  on  a  farm  worked  on  shares 

204.  Condition  of  the  agricultural  laborer. 

205.  Union  of  mechanical  and  agricultural  labor. 

III.  Emigration  and  immigration. 

206.  Emigration  from  the  country  to  the  city  and  abroad. 

207.  Immigration  to  cities  and  factories. 


B. — Questions  relating  to  the  workshop. 

I.  Large  factories. 

208.  Miscellaneous  about  the  factory. 

209.  Hands. 

II.  Small  workshops. 

210.  Miscellaneous  about  the  workshop. 

211.  Hands. 

212.  Organization. 

213.  Dead  seasons,  stoppages. 

214.  Agricultural  and  domestic  labor. 

0.—  Domestic  questions. 

I.  Miscellaneous  about  workmen’s  families. 

215.  Description  of  the  family. 

216.  Its  means  of  support. 

217.  Its  manner  of  living. 


II.  Expenses  of  the  family. 

218.  Receipts  in  money. 

219.  Receipts  in  kind. 

220.  Expenses  in  money. 

221.  Savings  and  liabilities. 

222.  Condition  of  the  family. 

We  continue  this  article  with  extracts  from  an  able  and  interest¬ 
ing  speech  of  Mr.  Leon  Say  upon  Social  Economy,  delivered  at  a 
dinner  of  the  presidents  of  the  many  mutual  aid  societies  in  Paris. 

If  I  am  glad  to  find  myself  among  you  to-day,  I  must  not  forget  what  has  pro¬ 
cured  me  this  honor.  I  am  here,  as  you  have  said,  sir,  in  my  quality  as  President 
of  the  Committee  on  Organization  and  of  the  Jury  of  the  Exhibition  of  Social 
Economy.  I  am  proud  to  have  had  a  share  in  the  great  work  of  the  Exposition  of 
1889,  and  I  am  grateful  to  the  Head  of  the  State,  and  to  the  President  of  the 
Council,  Mr.  Tirard,  for  having  done  me  this  honor. 

We  have  all  visited  the  galleries  of  the  Esplanade  des  Invalides,  and  I  can  say, 
without  deceiving  myself,  that  we,  who  for  many  years  have  perseveringly  studied 
the  questions  of  social  economy,  have  learned  there  many  things  we  did  not  know, 
or  knew  imperfectly.  We  can  now  understand  much  better  than  we  did  before,  the 
importance  of  the  questions  which  press  upon  the  attention  of  the  nation.  We  know 
H.  Ex.  410 - 8 


114 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


better  the  methods  to  be  employed,  I  will  not  say  to  solve  the  social  question,  for 
this  will  last  as  long  as  the  world,  but  to  clear  up  a  number  of  difficult  problems, 
the  solution  of  which  ought  to  bring  us  near  to  a  state,  not  of  perfect  happiness — 
humanity  will  never  know  this — but  which  will  enable  us  to  ameliorate  from  day  to 
day  the  condition  of  the  poor. 

In  passing  through  the  galleries  of  the  Exhibition  of  Social  Economy,  in  seeking 
to  digest  as  well  as  po  sible  the  many  ideas  born  of  a  close  examination  of  the  differ¬ 
ent  objects  exhibited,  I  understand  better  than  ever  the  role  which  the  nineteenth 
century  will  play  in  the  history  of  the  human  race,  and  I  have  found  myself  better 
able  to  characterize  it  as  it  probably  will  be  characterized  by  future  generations. 

The  nineteenth  century  will  have  been  the  century  of  great  industries,  the  century 
in  which  man  will  have  learned  to  avail  himself  more  and  more  of  the  forces  of 
nature,  to  make  use  of  them,  and  to  create  instruments  destined  to  augment  the 
mass  of  social  riches. 

We  have  learned  in  this  century,  thanks  to  the  men  of  genius  who  have  made  it 
famous,  that  we  can  imprison  the  forces  of  nature,  shut  them  up  in  machines  and 
in  tools,  and  give  to  these  machines  and  tools  movement  and,  so  to  speak,  life. 
These  forces,  whose  nature  we  do  not  know,  we  know  in  their  effects.  -It  is  weight 
latent  in  the  wind,  in  the  water-fall ;  it  is  the  expansion  of  gas  and  steam;  it  is  heat; 
it  is  electricity.  We  have  learned  that  these  natural  forces  can  act  on  instruments, 
and  we  have  discovered  the  possibility  of  forcing  these  instruments  to  work  to  their 
own  exhaustion,  even  to  their  own  destruction,  that  they  may  serve  us  more  com¬ 
pletely.  Connected  with  this,  philosophers  have  asked  themselves  if  among  these 
agents  should  be  counted  a  force,  equally  a  force  of  nature,  which  is  also  incor¬ 
porated  in  organs.  I  mean  man’s  own  force,  his  vital  principle,  his  intelligence  ;  in 
a  word,  his  soul.  The  pessimists  are  alarmed  at  the  thought  that  this  force,  im¬ 
prisoned  like  the  others  in  organs,  not  of  steel,  but  of  flesh  and  muscle,  may  be  ex¬ 
hausted  to  its  own  destruction  in  order  to  give  to  the  human  race  greater  riches; 
to  create  more  occupations.  When  we  see  that  the  progress  of  industry  consists  in 
destroying  the  machine,  we  ask  what  will  become  of  the  human  machine,  what  we 
will  do  with  it  if  we  do  not  destroy  it,  too,  in  the  fly-wheel  of  modern  labor.  Do  we 
not  hear  great  engineers  say  every  day  that  we  do  not  use  our  machines  enough  ? 
In  the  railroad  congres  es  held  during  the  last  few  years  in  Europe,  have  we  not 
heard  the  Americans  tell  us  that  we  do  not  exact  service  enough  from  our  loco- 
motiyes,  that  we  should  force  them  to  run  hundreds  and  thousands  of  miles  further, 
make  them  run  without  intermission,  change  only  the  engineer  and  the  fireman  at 
each  stopping  place,  as  if  it  were  a  horse  going  on  a  gallop  round  the  world,  mounted 
every  league  by  fresh  jockeys  ?  Machines,  they  tell  us,  must  be  forced  to  yield  their 
maximum  of  service  ;  use  them  up,  because  by  using  them  up  quickly  and  letting 
nothing  escape  of  the  value  they  contain,  we  can  replace  them  by  perfected  ma¬ 
chines  with  all  the  latest  improvements. 

Is  the  human  machine  like  this?  And  the  noble  force  of  which  I  spoke  a  moment 
ago,  the  intelligence,  the  soul  of  man,  is  it  a  natural  force  like  the  others?  Should 
we  not  tremble  to  see  this  century  engage  heart  and  soul  in  creating  industries  by 
the  destruction  of  all  which  serves  to  engender  them  ? 

We  must  establish  before  the  eyes  of  the  whole  world,  the  practical  man  as  well 
as  the  philosopher,  the  difference  between  man  and  machines,  so  clearly  that  none 
can  deny  it.  The  natu  al  forces  employed  in  our  machines,  what  purpose  do  they 
serve  unless  to  drive  tools?  And  these  tools,  what  are  they  except  means  for  the 
creation  of  new  industries  and  wealth?  But  the  force  which  is  in  man,  and  the 
tools  which  this  force  sets  in  motion,  are  not  means.  Man  is  the  object.  His  intel¬ 
ligence,  his  soul,  act  on  himself,  and  his  intellectual  force  must  develop  in  itself 
and  by  itself.  His  object  is  to  grow,  to  reach  the  height  of  his  power;  that  is  to 
say,  to  realize  in  himself  the  highest  idea  of  dignity,  of  morality,  and  of  knowledge. 


REVIEW  OF  SOCIAL  ECONOMY. 


115 


We  have  been  able  to  observe  practically  the  difference  which  thinkers  had  pointed 
out,  by  means  of  the  different  institutions  of  which  we  have  seen  models  in  our 
galleries  of  the  Esplanade  des  Invalides.  These  institutions  may  be  divided  into 
three  grand  classes.  The  largest,  which  I  shall  call  the  Central  Class,”  is  that  of 
provident  institutions,  with  their  different  branches,  in  which  the  mutual  principle 
is  the  most  conspicuous.  This  forethought  is  the  human  soul  itself  ;  it  is  individual 
initiative  ;  it  is  man  thinking  of  his  family  and  of  his  own  future,  seeking  to  issue 
from  the  embarrassments  amid  which  he  was  born,  and  to  issue  from  them  worthily 
by  a  moral  effort. 

This  is  the  point  of  departure  of  all  the  progress  to  be  made.  In  the  first  rank  of 
our  social  studies  we  must  place  that  which  pays  homage  to  forethought,  to  econ¬ 
omy,  to  the  moral  effort  which  produces  dignity,  and  which  with  this  dignity  gen¬ 
erally  brings  the  commencement  of  prosperity. 

Around  these  provident  institutions,  and  supporting  them,  or  making  use  of 
them,  you  see  on  one  side  employers’  institutions,  and  on  the  other  the  institutions 
of  the  great,  the  too  great  employer — the  state. 

Employers’  institutions  were  conceived  a  long  time  ago  in  a  very  different  spirit 
from  that  of  to-day.  Formerly  help  was  extended  to  the  workman  from  without ; 
it  was  a  kind  of  charity.  It  was  the  same  with  the  state  institutions.  The  state 
took  the  money  of  the  tax-payers  to  employ  it  in  giving  help  to  the  poor.  This  was 
the  “Assistance  Publique,”  a  necessary  assistance  which  cannot  be  too  highly 
praised,  or  organized  with  too  much  care.  To-day  the  state  tries  another  method. 
It  seeks  not  only  to  help  the  individual  from  without  by  assistance  :  it  seeks  to  put 
him  in  a  position  to  help  himself. 

What  have  we  seen  in  the  exhibition?  We  have  noticed  a  happy  transformation, 
singular  at  first  sight,  but  very  real  and  very  salutary.  The  employers’  institutions 
have  developed  and  produced  their  best  effects  when  they  have  aroused  the  initia¬ 
tive  of  the  workman.  They  have  best  succeeded  precisely  where,  so  to  speak,  they 
kept  themselves  most  out  of  sight,  the  employers  allowing  their  employes  simply  to 
use  their  strong  organization,  and  so  enabling  them  to  improve  the  institutions 
themselves.  We  have  examined  a  number  of  examples,  and  if  this  fine  exhibition 
is  to  be  preserved,  as  we  hope,  and  as  we  have  requested,  the  public,  which  knows 
little  of  them  yet,  can  study  them  closely,  and  understand  how  employers’  institu¬ 
tions  do  not  suffocate  individual  initiative,  but,  on  the  contrary,  develop  it  more  and 
more.  Those  institutions,  which  unfortunately  still  run  on  in  the  old  ruts,  are  en¬ 
titled  to  our  consideration.  They  were  philanthropic  works,  which  we  should 
admire  in  admiring  the  devotion  and  charity  of  those  who  established  them.  But 
we  may  be  sure  that  they  will  do  much  less  good  than  the  others,  and  a  good  much 
less  durable. 

There  are  many  proofs  of  what  I  now  advance  in  the  Exhibition  of  Social  Econ¬ 
omy.  Mr.  Charles  Robert,  who  is  seated  by  my  side,  understands  these  questions 
thoroughly;  he  can  give  you  the  history  of  some  of  these  employers’  institutions. 
Our  absent  colleague,  Mr.  Cheysson,  can  do  so  also,  and  I  am  sure  that  he  will;  and 
you  will  see,  when  your  attention  has  been  called  to  the  subject,  what  I  have  seen 
myself,  the  considerable  progress  obtained  by  the  new  methods. 

I  hope  that  the  history  of  employers’  institutions  will  be  illustrated  in  the  Museum 
of  Social  Economy,  whenever  we  can  bring  together  the  documents  which  the  ex¬ 
hibitors  will  leave  us.  The  President  of  the  Council  is  trying  to  create  this  Museum. 
He  has  told  me  that  he  shares  our  views,  and  is  waiting  to  carry  the  project  out 
only  until  he  can  be  sure  that  he  can  place  at  our  disposal  sufficient  space  in  the 
Exposition  buildings  which  are  to  be  preserved. 

We  see  the  state  also  sometimes  takes  the  initiative,  which  in  some  countries  I 
find  to  be  deplorable.  We  have  seen  in  these  late  years  the  state  try  to  play  the 
role  of  the  benevolent  master  of  old  times,  an  honorable  role  in  the  eyes  of  those 


116 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


who  wish  the  state  to  play  it,  but  which,  in  curing  individual  ills,  does  not  permit 
the  ills  of  humanity  to  be  cured. 

There  are  states  which  desire  to  become  the  Providence  of  the  poor.  A  greaq. 
empire  adjoining  us  has  developed  this  idea,  and  has  realized  it  by  state  socialism. 
For  my  part,  I  do  not  envy  their  state  socialism,  and  I  earnestly  hope  that  we  shall 
not  be  seduced  by  the  example.  It  would  be  fatal  to  our  country.  I  know,  how¬ 
ever,  from  having  studied  the  question  in  detail  with  my  colleagues,  that  there  are 
excellent  things  in  the  efforts  made  in  Germany.  We  ought  to  profit  by  the  meth¬ 
ods  they  have  devised  for  ascertaining  facts,  and  by  the  important  researches  they 
have  maae,  thanks  to  their  well-organized  and  active  statistical  bureau. 

But  once  more,  leaving  aside  the  great  economical  and  statistical  works  to  which 
I  have  alluded,  I  should  not  consider  it  a  happy  result  to  transform  men  into  sol¬ 
diers,  to  enlist  them,  in  order  to  force  them  to  apply  themselves  to  all  the  needs  of 
industry.  This  pantheism  of  the  State  is  not  what  I  dream  of  for  my  country. 

We  have  also  noted  the  efforts  made  in  other  countries  which  have  sought  to  make 
reforms  analogous  to  the  German  reforms,  without  leaving  all  to  the  state.  Thus 
in  Italy,  efforts  have  been  made  to  employ  the  influence  of  the  state  in  arousing- 
individual  initiative.  If  we  must  imitate  the  foreigner,  we  would  do  better  to  turn 
our  eyes  to  this  side. 

We  have  in  our  own  country  a  state  institution  which  has  aided  and  will  con¬ 
tinue  to  aid  provident  institutions  to  make  great  advances.  It  is  the  National  Bank 
of  Superannuation.  The  directors  of  this  bank  have  accomplished  a  work  which 
none  of  us  could  have  undertaken  with  success,  which  all  your  societies  together, 
numerous  and  devoted  as  they  are.  could  never  have  realized.  I  speak  of  the  re¬ 
markable  tables  of  mortality  which  have  lately  been  published. 

Here  is  an  example  of  the  service  which  the  state  can  render,  doing  what  indi¬ 
viduals  or  associations  cannot  attempt,  and  so  giving  them  an  instrument  of  pro¬ 
gress. 

I  do  not  say  that  the  role  of  state  ought  to  be  confined  to  these  narrow  limits. 
I  know  well  that  the  attributes  of  the  state  have  a  tendency  to  increase.  It  is  in 
fact  impossible  to  trace  an  immovable  frontier  between  the  attributes  of  the  state 
and  those  of  private  initiative,  because,  according  to  the  age,  according  to  different 
modes  of  government,  we  shall  be  forced  to  advance  or  to  withdraw  this  imaginary 
frontier.  France  is  a  democracy,  a  republican  democracy,  and  history  tells  us  that 
in  great  democracies  the  attributes  of  the  state  can,  and  ought  to,  extend  far  be¬ 
yond  those  suitable  to  a  country  where  the  democracy  does  not  rule.  But  when¬ 
ever  we  ask  a  service  from  the  state,  we  should  be  sure  that  private  individuals  can 
not  render  this  service  to  themselves. 

*****  *  * 

Mutual  aid  societies  are  especially  fraternal  societies;  this  is  their  most  attractive 
side;  none  of  us  would  wish  to  take  this  away.  But  these  societies  have  another 
character:  they  are  business  societies,  and  become  more  and  more  so  every  day. 
We  do  not  give  ourselves  alone  when  we  become  members  of  these  societies:  we  give 
our  money  too.  Why  do  we  give  this  mopey?  We  give  it  as  we  would  give  it  to 
a  savings-bank,  in  provision  for  sickness. 

Looked  at  in  this  point  of  view,  a  mutual  aid  society  becomes  an  insurance  com¬ 
pany  against  the  losses  caused  by  sickness.  This  insurance  company,  which,  as  I 
have  said,  is  one  with  the  mutual  aid  society,  is  called  upon  to  handle  considerable 
sums.  Difficulties  have  sometimes  arisen  between  the  managers  and  the  members 
who  expected  that  the  capital  of  the  society  would  be  more  productive;  dishonesty, 
too,  may  lead  to  dissensions,  and  even  to  dissolution. 

If  mutual  aid  societies  were  only  insurance  companies  against  sickness,  that  is  to 
say,  an  insurance  for  one  year,  without  any  reserves  for  the  future,  we  could  de¬ 
vise  more  simple  methods  of  almost  absolute  precision  to  guide  the  presidents  and 
agents  of  these  societies;  but  they  insure  for  much  more  than  one  year  when  they 


REVIEW  OF  SOCIAL  ECONOMY. 


117 


grant  annuities  and  pensions.  You  know  that  in  certain  countries — once  even  in 
this — the  union  of  superannuation  banks  and  mutual  aid  societies  is  forbidden.  We 
have  now  adopted  in  France  a  different  rule:  we  unite  life  insurance  and  insurance 
against  sickness. 

This  juxtaposition  of  these  different  functions  leads  to  much  confusion  in  the 
management  of  certain  societies.  Has  our  legislation  solved  this  difficulty  ?  I  am 
not  sure,  for  we  have  seen  strange  things,  and  we  have  had  to  ask  ourselves  how  we 
are  to  distinguish  between  rich  societies  and  poor  societies.  We  have  met  with 
societies  that  were  rich  because  they  were  in  a  bad  condition.  This  seems  to  be  a 
paradox,  but  it  is  only  apparently  so.  In  fact,  if  a  great  number  of  Frenchmen 
were  to  die  to-day,  leaving  their  property  to  their  children,  these  children  would  be 
enriched,  but  France  would  have  lost  a  part  of  its  strength.  Well,  we  have  seen 
mutual  aid  societies  which  have  grown  rich  under  these  circumstances.  The  number 
of  their  members  have  diminished,  and  their  reserve  funds  are  called  upon  to  meet 
reduced  demands.  But  a  time  will  come  when  these  societies  will  disappear  for 
want  of  members,  and  all  the  efforts  once  made  to  create  them  will  have  been  made 
in  vain.  This  is  a  very  disquieting  symptom. 

It  was  our  duty  to  call  the  attention  of  the  presidents  of  the  mutual  aid  societies 
to  this  matter.  We  consulted  them;  we  asked  them  if  it  would  not  be  prudent  to 
establish  the  funds  of  these  societies  on  a  basis  which  has  been  called  1 ‘scientific.” 
They  answered  that  this  was  their  wish,  but  they  added  that  you  cannot  treat  a 
mutual  aid  society  as  a  simple  insurance  company,  for  an  insurance  company  should 
have  its  funds  so  invested  that  at  any  moment  it  can  turn  over  its  business  to  an¬ 
other  company,  which  must  meet  all  the  engagements  of  its  predecessor.  We  were 
told  that  mutual  aid  societies  ought  to  trust,  to  some  extent,  to  the  sentiment  of  fra¬ 
ternity  which  unites  their  members.  I  do  not  deny  that  there  is  a  great  truth,  a 
consoling  truth,  in  this  manner  of  looking  at  the  ques'  ion.  I  do  not  say  that  mutual 
aid  societies  should  not  count  on  the  aid  of  those  who  are,  or  will  be  later,  members 
of  it;  but  still  I  remain  convinced  of  the  necessity  of  greater  precision  in  establish¬ 
ing  the  reserve  fund  of  mutual  aid  societies. 

*  *****  -55- 

Mutual  aid  societies  are  societies  which  do  business;  they  are  also  brotherly  asso¬ 
ciations,  and  as  such  should  be  allowed  to  develop  very  freely.  But  I  repeat,  they 
do  business,  and  when  a  society  does  business,  it  must-be  subject  to  the  laws  govern¬ 
ing  business  societies.  It  is  the  duty  of  the  law  to  intervene.  This  is  for  the  general 
interest. 

Before  ending,  I  want  to  speak  to  you  of  another  question  pending  before  the 
Parliament — mill  accidents,  and  insurance  against  them.  I  have  studied  all  that 
was  exhibited  on  this  subject  in  our  Gallery  of  Social  Economy.  I  have  admired  the 
excellent  tables  exhibited  by  Mr.  F.  E.  Gros,  of  the  Society  of  Mulhouse,  and  I  have 
noted  all  that  has  been  done  to  organize  insurance  against  accident  in  different 
countries.  We  were  able  to  examine  the  excellent  organization  of  insurance  against 
mill  accidents  in  Italy,  and  to  consult  documents  of  the  highest  interest.  I  hope 
that  you  will  be  able  to  study  them  at  your  leisure  in  our  museum. 

We  did  not  have  at  the  exhibition  the  laws  made  in  Germany  on  this  subject, 
but  we  have  secured  them  since  for  purposes  of  comparison.  Considerable  difficul¬ 
ties  exist  in  legislating  on  insurance  against  accidents,  and  those  persons  who  want 
questions  settled  without  difficulty,  would  refer  the  whole  question  to  the  State. 
But  I  do  not  like  such  simple  solutions,  for  I  believe  that  this  simplicity  does  not 
exist  in  the  nature  of  the  subject,  and  we  ought  to  see  if  we  cannot  find  among 
ourselves  solutions  which  correspond  better  with  the  spirit  of  initiative  of  the 
French  nation.  There  are  solutions,  I  do  not  doubt,  much  nearer  what  I  should  call 
“social  truth,”  which  we  are  always  aiming  at  without  ever  touching,  and  these 
solutions  are  infinitely  better  than  those  which  have  been  proposed  thus  far. 
******* 


118 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


What  we  aim  at  is  to  improve  the  relations  between  man  and  man,  and  to  make- 
them  conform  better  to  the  laws  of  justice  and  morality. 

*  *  *  *  #  *  * 

We  have  learned  from  the  Exhibition  of  Social  Economy  how  difficult  is  the  solu¬ 
tion  of  social  problems.  I  trust  that  my  compatriots  will  dwell  upon  this  truth.  I 
know  young  men  who  are  all  ready  to  settle  these  problems  with  a  stroke  of  the  pen  * 
their  hair  will  be  white  before  they  arrive  at  their  practical  solution.  Finally,  what 
is  the  duty  of  our  generation?  To  strengthen  in  France  the  government  of  the 
democracy  by  itself.  It  is  a  difficult  problem,  but  not  beyond  our  strength.  *  The 
Republic  for  twenty  years  past  has  learned  what  are  storms  and  hurricanes;  she  lias- 
shown  that  she  knows  how  to  defend  herself.  The  dangers  which  she  has  run ,  far 
from  weakening,  have  strengthened  her. 

PRIMARY  SCHOOLS  WITH  MANUAL  LABOR. 

We  propose  to  add  a  few  lines  upon  the  primary  schools  of  Paris,, 
intended  more  particularly  for  the  children  of  workmen,  and  giving 
gratuitous  primary  instruction  in  the  simplest  mechanical  arts. 
This  is  a  very  important  element  of  social  economy. 

During  the  time  of  the  Empire,  France  was  gradually  losing  her 
pre-eminence  in  the  tasteful  and  artistic  work  which  produced  the 
articles  generally  known  as  “articles  de  Paris.”  Germany,  and 
especially  Vienna,  was  taking  this  valuable  trade  from  her.  The 
Government  of  the  Republic  felt  that  something  must  he  done. 
They  thought  it  was  not  to  he  tolerated  that  a  people  pre-eminent 
for  its  taste,  and  for  lightness  and  delicacy  of  touch,  should  be 
gradually  falling  behind  other  nations  in  workmanship  requiring 
eminently  those  qualities,  and  especially  when  these  othei-  nations- 
were  Germans.  The  Government  naturally  came  to  the  conclusion 
that  this  superiority  of  their  neighbors  across  the  Rhine  could  arise 
only  from  technical  education,  and  they  proceeded  at  once  to  estab¬ 
lish  new  technical  schools  and  to  enlarge  and  improve  the  old  ones. 
In  1869,  the  last  year  of  the  Empire,  Paris  spent  but  6,192,000  francs, 
(about  $1,200,000)  on  education;  in  1887  she  spent  17,633,000  (about 
$3,526,000).  This,  it  will  be  observed,  was  in  Paris  alone. 

It  is  not  our  intention  to  touch  here  upon  the  superior  schools  of 
Paris,  or  upon  those  great  schools  of  the  arts  and  sciences  which  do 
France  so  much  honor.  A  very  full  account  of  some  of  them  will 
be  found  in  the  report  on  “'Group  I,  Fine  Arts,”  published  in  these 
volumes.  We  confine  ourselves  to  the  primary  schools  of  Paris, 
and  to  those  in  which  manual  labor  is  taught.  It  is  impossible  to 
overrate  the  good,  moral,  mental,  and  physical,  done  by  these  schools. 
W e  are  sure  that  our  primary  schools  might  take  many  a  valuable 
hint  from  them.  We  are  indebted  to  an  admirable  consular  report 
by  Mr.  J.  Schoenhof,  lately  United  States  consul  at  Tunstall,  for  most 
of  the  information  contained  in  the  following  pages.  We  have 
quoted  liberally  from  his  report  to  the  State  Department. 

Paris  has  now  about  280  primary  schools  for  boys  and  275  primary 
schools  for  girls.  Some  125,000  children  receive  free  instruction 


REVIEW  OF  SOCIAL  ECONOMY. 


119 


there;  books,  stationery,  etc.,  are  also  furnished  gratis.  The  school 
age  is  six  to  twelve  years.  Altogether  over  200,000  children  are  edu¬ 
cated  in  Paris  in  the  public  schools.  The  annual  expense  for  pri¬ 
mary  schools  is  13,500,000  francs  (about  $2,700,000). 

The  public  school  system  commences  with  the  kindergarten  schools, 
of  which  about  126  are  now  in  existence,  with  30,000  children,  rang¬ 
ing  in  age  from  two  to  six  years.  The  expense  of  their  maintenance 
is  about  67  francs  (about  $13)  for  each,  or  a  total  of  2,051,000  francs 
(about  $410,200). 

And  first,  let  us  begin  at  the  beginning,  and  say  a  word  on  the 
KINDERGARTEN  SCHOOLS. 

They  are  certainly  more  than  a  benefit  to  the  working  class — they 
are  a  blessing  to  them.  The  parents  are  freed  from  care  and  anxiety 
during  the  working  hours  of  the  day.  Their  little  ones,  under  the 
charge  of  trained  kindergarten  teachers,  are  well  looked  after,  and 
have  instilled  into  them,  in  early  life,  notions  of  work,  order,  and 
neatness,  besides  much  useful  knowledge — benefits  of  no  small  ad¬ 
vantage  for  the  time  being,  but  also  destined  to  bear  good  fruit 
beyond  the  period  in  which  they  are  received.  The  attendance 
averages  from  150  to  200  a  school,  and  in  some  of  the  largest  as  many 
as  400  children.  The  hours  are  from  8  o’clock  in  the  morning  to  6 
o’clock  in  the  evening  in  winter,  and  from  7  o’clock  in  the  morning 
to  7  o’clock  in  the  evening  in  summer.  The  children  get  soup  at  11 
o’clock,  and  bring  with  them  whatever  else  they  may  want  to  eat 
during  the  day. 

The  first  article  of  the  law  of  the  28th  of  March,  1882,  makes  manual 
labor  instruction  obligatory  in  the  public  schools.  The  decree  pro¬ 
viding  for  kindergarten  instruction  prescribes  that  the  manual  exer¬ 
cises  shall  consist  of  plaiting,  twining,  folding,  and  knitting.  Sew- 
ing  and  all  other  work  which  might  fatigue  the  children  is  prohibited. 

Everything  is  done  to  keep  the  children  interested  in  what  they  do. 
All  instruction,  ciphering,  writing,  etc.,  is  carried  on  so  as  to  leave 
them  always  under  the  impression  that  they  are  playing  and  not 
doing  anything  of  a  serious  nature.  It  would  be  useless  to  go  into 
details  on  this  subject;  we  only  refer  to  it  as  part  of  the  public 
school  system  of  France,  where  everything  now  tends  to  bring  the 
minds  of  the  growing  generation  as  much  as  possible  into  relation¬ 
ship  with  the  active,  living  world;  to  train  them  in  handicraft  work, 
and  to  emancipate  them  as  much  as  possible  from  the  dullness  of  the 
school  routine  of  the  good  old  times.  It  must  be  seen  from  this 
that  the  tendency  is  to  conduct  education,  from  the  first  beginnings 
up  to  the  highest  training,  so  as  to  educate  the  mind  through  the 
senses,  and  to  lead  the  pupil  well  prepared  into  the  great  open  field 
of  industrial  life. 

We  come  next  to 


120 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


BOYS’  PRIMARY  SCHOOLS  WITH  MANUAL  LABOR. 

Of  tlie  285  boys’  primary  schools  in  Paris,  there  are  now  90  which 
have  more  or  less  spacious  and  well-fitted  workshops  for  working  in 
iron  and  wood.  The  system  of  instruction  is  much  the  same  in  all, 
operating  on  the  same  basis,  and  in  nearly  the  same  shapes  and 
forms,  though  in  some  it  is  more  highly  developed  and  better  organ¬ 
ized  than  in  others. 

The  younger  classes  begin  by  making  paper  objects,  card-board 
boxes,  and  the  like,  covered  with  colored  paper,  and  work  them  up 
into  fancy  paper  articles. 

Some  schools  have  only  recently  begun  with  these  classes,  and 
have  not  yet  a  full  equipment ;  others  are  older,  and  show  generally 
very  good  results.  One  of  the  less  advanced  schools  was  only  doing 
wood  work,  and  in  the  lower  class  paper  work.  Great  dissatisfaction 
existed  among  the  boys,  because  they  could  not  get  more  time  to 
spend  in  the  workshops.  They  were  employed  in  planing,  sawing, 
and  turning.  The  school  was  promised  additional  room  for  iron¬ 
work  and  for  the  opening  of  a  modeling  class. 

The  workmen  instructors  superintending  the  manual  training 
classes  are  paid  at  the  rate  of  li  francs  per  hour. 

(1)  The  wood-work  shop  is  the  largest.  For  primary  school  pur¬ 
poses,  wood-working  is  perhaps  most  conducive  to  the  elementary 
training  of  the  hand. 

There  are  twelve  carpenters’  benches,  in  two  rows  in  the  middle  of 
the  room,  each  bench  for  two  boys,  working  at  the  same  time  ;  and 
along  the  wall,  near  the  windows,  four  turning  lathes  are  placed. 
Each  of  these  lathes  is  worked  by  three  boys.  One  is  employed  a 
quarter  of  an  hour  at  -turning,  while  the  other  two  boys  look  on ; 
then  the  second  boy  takes  up  the  work,  and  after  him  the  third  in 
rotation. 

This  is  done  because  the  space  and  means  are  not  sufficient  to  pro¬ 
vide  each  boy  with  a  lathe.  It  suffices  to  give  them  all  practice,  and 
while  their  hands  are  at  rest  their  eyes  are  employed. 

The  tools  employed  for  the  work  of  the  carpenters’  benches  are 
the  different  kinds  of  planes,  saws,  chisels,  etc.  Each  boy  has  a  shelf 
assigned  him  to  put  his  work  on  when  taken  from  the  bench. 

If  they  have  finished  ten  satisfactory  pieces,  they  have  the  privilege 
of  making  a  piece  of  work  for  themselves,  and  taking  it  home  to 
their  families.  They  are  not  a  little  elated  when  they  turn  out  a 
piece  of  work  which  they  can  take  home,  to  show  their  skill  to  their 
parents. 

They  make  boxes,  little  chairs,  and  similar  things  at  the  carpen¬ 
ters’  benches.  They  commence  with  the  simplest  pieces,  and  are 
taught  to  make  the  different  joints,  dovetailing,  etc.  Some  turn  out 
very  creditable  work. 


REVIEW  OF  SOCIAL  ECONOMY. 


121 


At  the  lathe  they  commence  on  a  plain  stick  of  a  certain  height, 
which  is  turned  into  as  many  as  seventy-six  different  ornamental 
pieces,  made  either  to  stand  separately,  or  to  fit  into  others,  and  by 
combining  produce  a  finished  object. 

(2)  The  workshop  for  iron  contains  twelve  vises,  four  at  each 
side  wall,  and  four  at  one  end  of  the  room,  leaving  the  middle  part 
of  the  room  open  for  the  instructors  to  go  round  and  examine  the 
work  while  the  boys  are  busy  filing.  In  addition,  the  fully  equipped 
schools  are  provided  with  a  boring  machine,  anvil,  and  forge. 

In  the  use  of  iron  they  also  start  from  a  plain  piece,  and  work  this 
into  various  simple  geometrical  shapes  and  other  forms,  by  the  appli¬ 
cation  of  the  file. 

For  forging  and  hammering  lead  is  used,  as  it  demands  less  mus¬ 
cular  strength  than  iron. 

The  following  is  the  programme  arranged  by  the  school  authori¬ 
ties  for  workshop  practice  in  primary  schools  : 

MANUAL  EXERCISES  INTENDED  TO  DEVELOP  THE  CHILDREN’S  SKILL  OF  HAND. 

Elementary  class. 

(Seven  and  eight  years  old.  One  hour  per  day.) 

Elementary  exercises  in  free-hand  drawing,  symmetrical  arrange¬ 
ment  of  forms,  cutting  out  pieces  of  colored  paper  and  applying  them 
upon  geometrical  forms,  exercises  in  coloring,  cutting  out  geometri¬ 
cal  forms  in  card-board,  representations  of  geometrical  solids.  All 
these  exercises  to  be  done  first  on  paper  ruled  in  squares,  and  subse¬ 
quently  on  plain  paper. 

Small  basket  work.  Arrangement  of  strips  of  colored  paper  : 
(1)  In  interwoven  forms.  (2)  In  plaited  patterns. 

Modeling  :  Reproductions  of  geometric  solids  and  simple  objects. 

Intermediate  class. 

(Nine  and  ten  years  old,  One  hour  per  day.) 

Cutting  out  card-board  patterns,  construction  of  regular  geometric 
solids,  construction  by  the  pupils  of  card-board  models,  covered  with 
colored  drawings  or  colored  paper. 

Small  basket  work  ;  combination  of  plaits  ;  basket  making.  Ob¬ 
jects  made  of  wire  ;  trellis  or  netting  ;  wire  chain  making. 

Combination  of  wood  and  iron  ;  cages. 

Modeling  simple  architectural  ornaments. 

Object  lessons  :  Principal  characteristics  of  wood  and  the  common 
metals. 

Upper  class. 

(Eleven  and  twelve  years  old.  Two  hours  per  day.) 

Drawing  and  modeling  ;  continuation  of  the  exercises  in  the  pre¬ 
ceding  class ;  repetition  of  the  ornaments,  previously  executed,  in 


122 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


the  form  of  sketches,  with  dimensions  attached  to  them  ;  drawing 
the  requisite  sections  for  this  purpose  ;  reproducing  the  sections  as 
measured  sketches  ;  study  of  the  various  tools  used  in  working  wood, 
hammer,  mallet,  chisel,  gimlet,  center-bit,  brace,  screw-driver,  com¬ 
passes,  square,  marking-gauge,  saws  of  different  kinds,  jack-plane, 
trying-plane,  smoothing-plane,  files  and  rasps,  level. 

Theoretical  and  practical  lessons  in  the  above. 

Planing  and  sawing  wood  ;  construction  of  simple  joints. 

Boxes  nailed  together,  or  jointed  without  tacks. 

Wood  lathe  ;  tools  used  in  turning  ;  turning  simple  geometrical 
forms. 

Study  of  the  tools  used  in  working  iron,  hammer,  chisel,  cutting 
tool,  cold-chisel,  squares,  compass,  files,  etc. 

Theoretical  and  practical  lessons  concerning  them. 

Exercises  in  filing,  smoothing,  and  finishing  rough  forgings  or 
cartings  (cubes,  polygonal  nuts). 

The  practical  work  in  the  shops  in  primary  schools  is  to  be  followed 
by  gymnastic  exercises,  in  accordance  with  a  special  programme. 

It  is  expected  that  this  workshop  practice  will  soon  be  extended  to 
cover  all  the  primary  schools  of  Paris  handiwork,  like  that  described 
above,  in  the  boys’  schools,  and  work  serviceable  for  girls’  occupa¬ 
tions  in  after  life,  in  the  girls’  schools. 

The  children  in  these  boys’  schools  get  all  their  meals  during  the 
day  in  the  school,  if  their  parents  so  choose. 

This  provision  of  wholesome,  warm  meals  for  the  children  in  the 
middle  of  the  day  cannot  be  too  highly  commended. 

All  schools  are  provided  with  kitchens  and  refectories,  i.  e.,  dining 
rooms. 

In  the  boys’  schools  the  children  get  their  warm  dinner  for  10 
centimes,  i.  e.,  2  cents  a  dish.  Those  who  cannot  pay  get  it  gratis. 
As  a  rule,  they  bring  their  bread  from  home.  As  it  might  wound 
the  sensibilities  of  the  poorer  children  to  ask  for  charity,  or  to  be 
known  as  recipients  of  charity,  every  child  has  to  get  from  the 
director  of  the  school  a  check  for  each  dish  it  may  wish  to  have. 
Those  who  pay  and  those  who  do  not  pay,  receive  the  same  checks, 
and  consequently,  to  all  appearance,  all  are  on  the  same  footing. 

A  meal  costs  the  school  about  3  cents,  or  15  centimes,  where  a  very 
full  meal  is  given. 

The  same  help  is  extended  in  the  matter  of  clothing,  to  children 
whose  parents  are  not  able  to  buy  clothing  for  them.  The  children 
get  an  order  from  the  director  to  a  contractor,  who  furnishes  the 
clothes  they  need.  The  city  pays  at  certain  contract  prices. 

Thus  opportunity  is  given  and  care  taken  that  the  very  poorest 
even  may  send  their  children  to  school.  And  the  school  becomes 
not  only  an  instructor  to  lead  to  a  happier  state  in  after-life,  but  a 
benefactor,  a  distributor  of  immediate  comforts  to  the  young,  which 


REVIEW  OF  SOCIAL  ECONOMY. 


123 


they  perhaps  would  not  have  at  home,  and  would  certainly  be  ut¬ 
terly  deprived  of  if  thrust  into  the  streets  to  grow  up  in  ignorance 
and  vice.  The  poorest  child  is  thus  made  to  love  the  school,  which? 
besides  giving  it  instruction,  also  supplies  it  with  that  which  is  cer¬ 
tainly  nearest  to  its  heart — food  and  raiment  and  shelter  against  cold 
and  inclement  weather. 

The  work  of  these  primary  schools  is  largely  devoted  to  making 
toys  for  the  children  in  the  kindergartens.  Thus  the  boys  have  an 
object  for  their  labor,  the  younger  children  are  amused,  and  the 
expense  of  toys  is  saved  to  the  school  fund. 

One  of  the  most  pleasing  features  in  this  institution  of  manual 
labor  is  the  pleasure  it  gives  the  boys.  They  go  at  their  work  with 
a  will,  and  look  upon  it  more  as  a  reward  than  a  task.  The  teachers 
speak  highly  of  the  system  in  its  beneficial  effects  upon  the  theoret¬ 
ical  studies.  They  regret  that  it  is  not  practised  in  all  the  primary 
schools,  but  expect  that  in  a  few  years  it  will  become  universal. 

Thirdly,  we  come  to  primary  schools  for  girls. 

The  girls’  primary  schools  give  instruction  in  sewing  and  in  the 
higher  classes  in  housekeeping. 

Needle-work  practice  in  the  primary  schools  is  aided  by  oral  instruc¬ 
tion  given  by  the  teacher,  with  illustrations  on  the  blackboard. 
The  pupils  have  to  bring  their  own  materials.  For  this  course  one 
hour  and  a  quarter  per  week  is  given. 

The  first  course  consists  of  marking  and  making  all  the  different 
stitches  employed  in  canvas  embroidery;  the  second  in  sewing 
•running-stitch,  back-stitch,  and  overcast-stitch;  and  the  third  in 
applying  these  to  hems  and  seams,  making  plain  and  felled  seams. 

The  middle  classes  have  one  hour  and  three-quarters  per  week: 

First,  embroidery,  and  marking  Roman  and  other  plain  embroid¬ 
ery  letters  on  coarse  linen  and  open  fabrics. 

Second,  sewing  different  stitches  and  button-hole  stitch,  quilting, 
and  button-hole  making,  applying  the  same  to  actual  work  executed. 
Drawing,  mending,  and  patching,  etc. 

There  is  a  third  course  where  the  same  classification  of  work  is 
kept  up,  conducted  in  a  finer  and  more  elaborate  manner  and  on 
finer  materials. 

We  are  tempted  by  the  importance  of  the  subject  to  give  a  few 
lines  to  the  “Superior  Primary  Schools  for  Girls.” 

Girls  are  not  admitted  into  these  schools  until  twelve  years  of  age. 
The  Ministry  of  Public  Instruction  has  laid  down  the  following  pro¬ 
gramme  for  them: 

(1)  Housekeeping. 

(2)  Gardening. 

(3)  Farm  work  and  dairy  farming. 

(4)  Sewing. 

(5)  Designing,  painting,  and  art  education. 


124 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


(1)  Housekeeping. — The  general  prospectus  laid  down  for  their 
guidance  prescribes  instruction  in  the  following  subjects:  Manag¬ 
ing  of  an  ordinary  dwelling  house,  heating  and  lighting,  care  of 
furniture,  care  of  household  goods  and  linen,  washing  and  ironing, 
baking,  and  ovens  and  ranges;  pastry  making;  managing  house¬ 
keeping  materials,  such  as  coal  and  wood;  purity  of  water,  purity 
of  wine,  vinegar,  cider,  beer,  coffee,  oil,  grease,  sugar,  preservation 
and  cooking  of  meat;  qualities  and  choice  of  meats.  Elementary 
principles  of  the  kitchen;  boiling,  stewing,  and  roasting  of  different 
dishes,  meats  and  vegetables;  preserving  of  fruits,  packing  and  trans¬ 
portation  of  fruits.  Manufacture  of  candies,  liquors,  fruit  brandies, 
and  sirups;  domestic  book-keeping. 

The  pupils  of  these  schools  are  required  to  spend  some  time  in  the 
kitchen  attached  to  the  school,  going  through  the  routine  work  of  a 
kitchen. 

(2)  Gardening. — General  notions  of  agriculture:  Soil,  manure, 
improvements,  and  different  kinds  of  cultivation.  Garden :  General 
disposition  of  a  garden,  garden  walks  and  divisions,  hedges,  wall 
fruits,  tools  employed  in  gardening,  fruit  gardening.  General  prin¬ 
ciples  of  aboriculture.  Fruit-tree  culture,  with  application  to  varie¬ 
ties  indigenous  to  and  most  planted  in  the  country;  diseases  of  fruit- 
trees  and  destruction  of  insects.  Kitchen  gardening:  Varieties, 
culture  and  harvesting  of  vegetables.  Forced  culture:  Hot-beds, 
greenhouses,  etc.  Instruction  in  floral  culture :  Partly  for  ornament 
and  partly  for  the  manufacture  of  perfumery. 

(3)  Farm-work. — Dairy  farming;  making  butter  and  cheese;  gen-* 
eral  notions  of  keeping  sheep  and  cattle;  raising  and  feeding  poul¬ 
try,  pigeons,  rabbits,  bees,  and  silk- worms. 

(4)  Sewing  and  dressmaking . — Different  kinds  of  sewing;  differ¬ 
ent  kinds  of  seams  and  stitches  ;  darning,  knitting,  taking  up  of 
meshes,  and  patching;  sewing  and  making  up  household  linen,  men's 
shirts,  drawers,  and  undershirts,  and  children’s  and  women’s  under¬ 
wear;  cutting  and  making  of  women’s  dresses;  measuring  and  pat¬ 
tern  cutting;  making  of  princess  robes,  robes,  basques,  and  children’s 
dresses. 

It  is  provided  that  the  programme  may  be  changed  according  to 
the  needs  of  the  localities  in  which  the  schools  are  situated,  so  that 
in  rural  districts  greater  attention  may  be  given  to  parts  2  and  3;  in 
cities  and  towns  to  4  and  5. 

The  whole  subject  of  school  education  in  France  is  interesting  and 
the  exhibits  were  remarkable.  They  belong,  however,  rather  to 
Group  II  than  to  the  group  of  Social  Economy. 

WICKHAM  HOFFMAH. 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


SECTION  I. 

ANTHROPOLOGICAL  AND  ETHNOGRAPHICAL  SCIENCES. 

One  of  the  most  interesting,  if  not  the  most  interesting,  exhibit  in 
this  marvelous  Exposition  was  the  Retrospective  History  of  Labor. 
Since  the  fall  of  the  Empire,  the  Government  of  the  Republic  has 
taken  under  its  special  charge  manual  labor  and  manual  laborers. 
The  science  and  intelligence  of  France  are  too  striking  and  conspic¬ 
uous  to  be  ignored,  but  it  is  the  workingman  who  has  received  most 
from  the  fostering  hand  of  the  Government. 

In  the  Exhibitions  of  1867  and  of  1878  the  history  of  labor  was  made 
a  feature,  but  not  a  conspicuous  one.  At  both  these  dates  this  de¬ 
partment  was  exclusively  French,  or  nearly  so,  beginning  with  the 
early  history  of  Gaul,  and  ending  with  the  Revolution  of  1789.  In 
1878  private  individuals  loaned  to  the  Government  valuable  and  in¬ 
teresting  collections,  but  they  attached  to  the  loan  the  condition  that 
the  articles  should  be  kept  together,  without  regard  to  the  section  to 
which  they  properly  belonged .  It  was  reserved  for  Mr.  G.  Berger, 
the  able  and  indefatigable  Director-General  of  the  arrangement  and 
management  ( exploitation )  of  the  Exposition,  to  group  the  arti¬ 
cles  belonging  to  the  state  and  those  loaned  by  museums  and  by  in¬ 
dividuals,  ethnographically  and  chronologically. 

Mr.  Berger  divided  the  History  of  Labor  into  five  sections: 

(1)  Anthropological  and  Ethnographical  Sciences. 

(2)  Liberal  Arts. 

(3)  Arts  and  Trades. 

(4)  Transportation. 

(5)  Military  Arts. 

It  was  his  intention  that  each  of  these  sections  should  be  thor¬ 
oughly  subdivided  by  the  committee  in  charge  of  it.  In  most  in¬ 
stances  this  subdivision  was  completely  and  accurately  made,  but 
in  others  it  was  by  no  means  complete.  That  distinguished  states¬ 
man  and  orator,  Mr.  Jules  Simon,  was  named  president  of  this  de¬ 
partment,  supported  by  such  specialists  as  Admiral  de  la  Graviere, 
Member  of  the  Academy  of  Sciences;  Quatrefages  de  Breau,  Pro¬ 
fessor  of  the  Museum  of  Natural  History;  Bouche,  Graduate  of  the 

125 


126 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Polytechnic  School;  and  Faucon,  Sublibrarian  of  the  Library  and 
Historical  Collections  of  the  City  of  Paris.  Whatever  such  men 
did  must  necessarily  have  been  well  done. 

In  his  letter  calling  the  attention  of  the  public  and  of  amateurs  to 
this  important  department  of  the  Exposition,  Mr.  Simon  says: 

This  Exposition  has  especially  a  historical  and  technical  character,  but  it  by  no 
means  excludes  objects  of  art;  for  at  several  epochs,  tools,  and  especially  those  used 
in  the  liberal  arts,  were  veritable  gems,  from  their  elegance  of  form,  the  richness  of 
the  materials,  or  the  charm  of  the  details.  We  find  chefs  d’oeuvre  on  a  map,  on 
the  handle  of  a  chisel,  or  on  the  barrel  of  a  gun.  Our  ancestors  had  not  the  same 
passion  for  speed  and  cheapness  as  we  have.  In  this,  trade  lost,  but  the  arts 
gained. 

Anthropology,  or  the  history  of  the  human  body,  began  this  ex¬ 
hibit.  Skeletons,  skulls,  and  the  casts  of  them,  were  first  in  order. 
The  subject  is  not  attractive  except  to  the  medical  man,  and  we  will 
confine  ourselves  therefore  to  observing  that  several  of  the  skulls  of 
prehistoric  man  exhibited  marks  of  having  been  trepanned,  and,  of 
course,  with  a  flint  knife.  Early  surgery  this!  And  to  come  to  a 
later  date,  our  attention  was  called  to  some  of  our  own  noble  red- 
men — casts,  happily — Little  Medicine,  Big  Nose,  White  Bear,  and 
other  Cheyenne  and  Arapahoe  warriors,  who  should  have  been  hung 
for  murder,  but  were  only  imprisoned.  The  Smithsonian  furnished 
these  interesting  objects,  and  would  no  doubt  furnish  duplicates  to 
our  Exposition  of  1892,  should  anybody  want  them.  Italy,  too,  fur¬ 
nished  a  morbid  collection  of  the  skulls  of  criminals. 

To  leave  this  part  of  the  first  section,  and  come  to  Ethnography. 

And  here  we  observe  some  confusion  in  the  terms  archaeology  and 
ethnography,  as  used  in  France  and  in  Denmark.  The  Danes  use 
the  first  of  these  terms  as  embracing  both  anthropology  and  ethno¬ 
graphy.  Their  museums,  their  old  books,  their  researches  and  pub¬ 
lications  of  all  kinds,  are  < ‘  archaeological. ”  They  appear  to  have 
been  the  first,  too,  to  divide  antiquity  into  three  ages,  a  division 
now  generally  recognized,  except  in  France,  where  the  love  of  sub¬ 
division  has  led  them  to  sacrifice  simplicity.  These  ages  are, 
the  Age  of  Stone,  the  Age  of  Bronze,  and  the  Age  of  Iron.  The 
French  have  their  “periode  paleolithique,”  and  their  “periode 
neolithique,”  or  a  first  and  second  Age  of  Stone.  Not  content  with 
this,  they  divide  their  “periode  paleolithique”  into  two  parts.  In 
the  first,  the  climate  of  Europe  was  warm  and  rainy.  The  elephant 
and  rhinoceros,  and  other  huge  quadrupeds  of  Asia  and  Africa  of  our 
day,  were  found  in  abundance.  Vegetation  was  rank  enough  to 
furnish  them  with  food.  This  the  French  call  the  Age  of  the 
Mammoth.  In  the  second  period  the  climate  changed.  It  became 
cold  and  dry.  The  elephant  and  the  rhinoceros  disappeared,  and 
the  deer  and  the  chamois,  and  the  fox  and  the  hare  came  down 
from  the  north.  The  glaciers,  which  in  the  warm  periods  had  often 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


127 


descended  into  the  valleys  and  plains,  now  remained  fixed  on  tlie 
mountain  sides.  By  convulsions  of  nature  Europe  was  separated 
from  Africa,  and  Great  Britain  from  the  continent.  The  work  in 
stone  improved.  The  stone  was  detached;  and  both  faces  were  chis¬ 
eled.  Men  lived  in  caves,  and  under  overhanging  rocks,  and  on 
the  banks  of  streams  rich  in  fish.  Grain  was  unknown.  This  was 
the  Age  of  the  Reindeer.  In  the  “periode  neolithique  ”  the  climate 
became  more  like  that  of  to-day;  though  this  winter  of  1889-1890 
seems  rather  to  belong  to  the  Age  of  the  Mammoth.  Man  built 
dwellings  upon  the  water.  His  flint  was  better  finished,  polished 
and  carved,  but  still  he  used  flint;  and  we  prefer,  therefore,  the  sim¬ 
plicity  of  the  Danish  nomenclature,  the  Age  of  Flint. 

The  Royal  Archaeological  Museum  at  Copenhagen  is,  without 
question,  the  finest  in  the  world.  The  Danes  have  been  fortunate  in 
the  able  and  learned  men  who  have  devoted  themselves  to  the  study 
of  the  past,  while  the  people  generally  stimulate  the  efforts  of  their 
experts  by  the  intelligent  zeal  they  take  in  the  subject.  The  writer 
of  this  article  was  fortunate  enough  to  know  Mr.  J.  A.  Worsaae, 
the  late  learned  and  intelligent  Director-General  of  the  Archaeolog¬ 
ical  Museums  of  Denmark.  Mr.  Worsaae’s  history  is  a  romantic 
one.  A  fearful  storm  raged  on  the  coast  of  Jutland,  one  of  the 
most  dangerous  in  the  world — the  Hatteras  of  Europe.  Many  vessels 
were  wrecked;  among  others  one  believed  to  be  a  Portuguese  com¬ 
ing  from  Brazil.  The  fishermen  on  the  beach  observed  a  plank 
tossed  by  the  waves,  drifting  ashore.  They  drew  it  to  land,  and  found 
a  young  child  lashed  to  it.  This  child  in  time  became  a  cabinet 
minister,  and  the  learned  Director-General  of  the  Archaeological 
Museums  of  Denmark.  He  was  named  from  the  little  Jutland  vil¬ 
lage  near  which  he  was  rescued. 

The  Danes  contributed  liberally  from  their  great  archaeological 
wealth  to  this  section.  More  specimens  were  offered  than  could 
be  received,  and  the  choicest  only  were  selected.  These  were  sent 
from  the  museums  of  Copenhagen,  Yiborg,  Randers,  Odense,  and 
Aarhus.  They  were  arranged  chronologically,  beginning,  of  course, 
with  the  Age  of  Stone. 

Flint  hatchets,  arrow-heads,  horn  hatchets,  scraping  knives,  awls, 
etc. ,  were  in  the  first  exhibit. 

Then  followed  hammers,  the  hard  points  of  antlers,  knives  and 
stones  to  polish  flint,  and  as  the  workman  became  more  skillful,  pon¬ 
iards,  lance-heads,  etc. 

With  these  were  exhibited  ornaments  of  amber,  which  was  at  that 
period  found  in  abundance  on  the  coast  of  Jutland  and  in  swamps 
near  the  coast.  It  is  now  found  rather  on  the  coasts  of  the  German 
Baltic  provinces.  Amber  is  supposed  to  be  the  gum  of  pine  trees, 
buried  centuries  ago  by  the  ocean.  It  is  washed  up  from  time  to 
time  upon  the  shores,  and  is  also  found  by  digging  in  the  swamps. 


128 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


It  is  in  Denmark  that  we  find  the  best  specimens  of  work  in  the 
Age  of  Stone.  This  is  partly  dne  to  the  quality  of  the  flint,  but 
principally  to  the  fact  that  eastern  civilization  penetrated  into  south¬ 
ern  Europe  long  before  it  reached  the  north.  This  gave  the  Scandi¬ 
navians  a  longer  period  to  improve  their  work  in  stone.  The  Age 
of  Stone  may  be  said  to  have  lasted  in  northern  Europe  until  about 
one  thousand  five  hundred  years  before  onr  Saviour. 

The  Age  of  Bronze  followed  the  Age  of  Stone.  Bronze  being  com¬ 
posed  of  copper  and  tin — as  brass  is  of  copper  and  zinc — mines  of 
these  simple  metals  must  have  been  worked  very  early.  The  mu¬ 
seums  of  Copenhagen  are  rich  in  ancient  bronze  ornaments,  but, 
singular  to  say,  these  ornaments  are  supposed  to  have  come  first  from 
other  countries,  brought  by  eastern  and  southern  merchants,  espe¬ 
cially  by  the  Phoenicians,  and  exchanged  for  amber.  Indeed,  the 
bronze  bracelets,  necklaces,  etc.,  of  the  museums,  reproduced  at  the 
present  day  in  gold  and  silver  in  Copenhagen,  and  in  Helsingfors  in 
Finland,  bear  a  striking  resemblance  to  the  work  of  the  East  Indian 
goldsmiths.  The  spiral  bronze  finger-ring,  which  is  supposed  to 
have  been  used  as  money,  was  undoubtedly  copied  from  the  golden 
serpent  of  India,  and  the  massive  gold  Indian  bracelet  is  to  be  seen 
in  all  the  principal  goldsmiths’  shops  of  Copenhagen,  copied  from 
bronze  models  in  the  museum.  These  bronze  ornaments  were  com¬ 
posed  in  those  days  (and  when  copied  in  bronze  they  are  composed 
now)  of  nine  parts  of  copper  and  one  of  tin.  The  Age  of  Bronze 
may  be  roughly  said  to  have  lasted  from  one  thousand  five  hundred 
to  one  thousand  years  before  Christ. 

Following  the  arrangement  in  this  section,  we  now  come  to  the 
Age  of  Iron.  This  may  be  said  to  have  lasted  in  northern  Europe 
from  about  one  thousand  years  before  Christ  until  the  tenth  century 
of  our  era.  For  the  reasons  already  given  in  reference  to  the  Age 
of  Stone,  this  period  lasted  longer  in  northern  than  in  southern 
Europe.  Under  this  head  were  exhibited  iron  hammers,  chisels, 
knives,  rakes,  etc.,  while  swords,  lances,  bucklers,  and  bracelets,  all 
highly  ornamented,  mark  a  later  period.  Pottery  appeared  at  this 
period  in  the  north  and  had  a  distinct  Roman  type,  while  the  gold 
ornaments  are  Roman  and  Eastern.  This  was  the  period,  the  sixth 
to  the  eighth  century,  of  the  invasion  of  the  Roman  Empire  by  the 
barbarians.  The  immense  treasures .  in  gold,  silver,  and  jewelry 
found  by  them  in  Rome  and  other  Italian  cities  gradually  made  their 
way  to  the  north  and  modified  the  northern  taste.  As  the  visitor 
passed  through  this  section,  his  eye  was  arrested  by  a  number  of 
wax  figures  of  natural  size,  men  and  women,  more  or  less  clothed 
according  to  the  exigencies  of  the  climate.  The  first  group  repre¬ 
sented  “The  Age  of  the  Mammoth.”  At  the  foot  of  a  hollow  tree, 
in  which  they  doubtless  lived,  a  man  and  a  woman  are  chopping 
flint  into  tools  and  arms.  This  and  the  others  are  no  fancy  group. 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


129 

The  skillful  and  painstaking  scientists  who  prepared  them  took 
unwearied  pains  to  make  their  work  perfect  in  all  its  details.  They 
found  among  the  aborigines  of  Australia  men  and  women  living  in. 
precisely  the  same  way  and  engaged  in  precisely  the  same  work; 
from  them  they  took  the  general  arrangement.  But  the  bodies 
were  reproduced  from  skulls  and  skeletons  and  bones  found  in 
France  and  Belgium;  and  the  dress  from  wild  tribes  of  our  own  day. 

The  second  group  was  called  “The  Age  of  the  Reindeer.”  A 
woman  and  a  young  man,  sheltered  by  an  overhanging  rock,  are  carv¬ 
ing  reindeer  horn,  while  the  father  of  the  family  enters,  bearing  a 
quarter  of  venison.  The  bodies,  the  dress,  the  hair,  every  detail, 
were  carefully  reproduced,  so  as  to  give  an  exact  idea  of  the  horn 
carvers. 

The  third  group,  “  The  Age  of  Polished  Stone,”  represented  three 
men  working  on  a  funeral  monument.  The  heads  were  copied  from 
skulls  found  in  the  mounds  of  the  Druids.  Every  part  of  the  dress 
and  of  the  tools  was  carefully  reproduced  from  the  originals  or 
from  reliable  descriptions. 

The  fourth  group,  “The  Age  of  Bronze,”  represented  a  founder 
and  his  apprentice  molding  in  bronze.  They  stand  near  a  rock 
and  are  protected  from  the  wind  by  a  screen  of  dead-wood.  They 
wear  leather  aprons  only,  the  apron  of  the  blacksmith  of  to-day.  A 
prominent  object  is  the  bellows,  copied  from  an  ancient  Indian  model, 
and  intended  to  recall  the  Eastern  origin  of  works  in  bronze.  The 
crucible,  the  pincers,  and  the  molds  are  copied  from  originals  in 
the  Museum  of  St.  G'Crmain. 

The  fifth  group  represented  a  negro  iron-founder  of  Soudan.  It  is 
a  curious  fact  that  the  French  experts  were  unable  to  reconstruct 
the  primitive  forge  of  Europe.  They  could  find  no  models.  They 
were  compelled  to  have  recourse  to  Africa.  F rom  the  earliest  ages 
iron-forging  was  known  among  the  North  Africans,  and  the  group 
here  represented  was  taken  from  the  Black  Continent.  The  French 
experts,  with  their  usual  careful  study,  made  this  group  a  perfect 
representation  of  the  inhabitants  of  western  Soudan. 

The  sixth  group  brings  us  to  our  own  continent.  The  Mexicans 
are  said  to  have  invented  paper.  In  this  group  two  Aztecs  are  en¬ 
gaged  in  its  manufacture  from  the  aloe,  century  plant,  or  agave, 
from  which  the  Mexicans  make  their  pulque.  The  Aztecs  were  copied 
from  types  furnished  by  the  Smithsonian.  The  workmen  were 
copied  from  original  models  in  the  Museum  of  Ethnography  of  Paris. 

The  committee  saw  fit  to  show  in  this  group  a  picture  of  the 
present  Reindeer  Age  as  seen  in  Lapland;  to  compare  it,  no  doubt, 
with  the  ancient.  A  conical  tent  like  a  Sioux  lodge,  with  a  hole  in 
the  top  for  the  escape  of  smoke,  a  crane  for  smoking  meat,  a  woman 
and  a  baby,  the  fathe:  returning  from  fishing,  the  son  driving  a  rein¬ 
deer  sleigh  and  carrying  a  seal,  all  clothed  in  reindeer  skins — these 
H.  Ex.  410 - 9 


130  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 

made  up  the  group.  It  was  taken  from  a  well-known  family  of 
Lapps  who  come  from  Archangel  every  winter,  and  pitch  their  tent 
on  the  frozen  Neva  at  St.  Petersburg.  They  sell  reindeer  skins, 
•antlers,  and  carved  horn,  and  drive  the  Russian  children  in  their 
reindeer  sleighs  at  twenty  copecks— ten  cents — a  drive.  The  writer 
has  often  seen  them  on  the  ice,  though  never  tempted  to  mount 
alongside  of  the  strong-smelling  Lapp.  The  catalogue  tells  us  that 
the  tent  was  made  of  canvas.  We  would  not  rashly  contradict  the 
expert  who  prepared  it,  hut  it  was  generally  understood  at  St.  Peters¬ 
burg  that  it  was  made  of  reindeer  skins,  and  we  cannot  understand 
how  canvas  could  keep  out  the  intense  cold  of  those  latitudes,  rang¬ 
ing  from  0°  to  — 30°  Fahrenheit.  These  Lapps  had  the  reputation  of 
being  wonderfully  weatherwise,  and  when  they  disappeared  in  the 
early  dawn  from  the  Neva,  the  Petersburger  looked  for  immediate 
spring.  They  had  five  hundred  miles  of  sleighing  to  do  before  they 
reached  their  homes,  and  it  was  said  that  they  always  accomplished 
“their  journey  before  the  snow  disappeared. 

Passing  from  exhibit  to  exhibit  in  this  interesting  section,  we  come 
“to  Eastern  Antiquity,  to  the  Chaldean,  Assyrian,  and  Persian  epochs. 

Recent  researches,  and  especially  those  of  Mr.  de  Sarzec,  and  other 
[French  explorers,  have  led  to  the  general  opinion  that  the  Chaldeans 
preceded  the  Egyptians  in  the  essential  elements  of  civilization. 
These  researches  show  that  Chaldean  manuscripts  existed  five  thou¬ 
sand  years  before  Christ,  while  other  and  more  recent  researches  by 
other  explorers  show  them  to  have  existed  three  thousand  seven  hun¬ 
dred  and  fifty  years  before  Christ.  Inscriptions  recently  discovered, 
prove  that  at  those  periods  civilization  and  the  arts  were  highly 
developed.  Statues,  pillars,  arms,  tools,  and  instruments  of  many 
kinds,  scepters,  vases  of  simple  taste  but  excellent  workmanship, 
show  the  great  progress  of  the  Chaldeans  at  that  early  date.  From 
the  Chaldean  we  pass  to  the  Assyrian  exhibit,  showing  less  simplicity 
hut  greater  richness  and  splendor.  Furniture  and  dress  were  the 
striking  characteristics  of  this  period.  Accordingly  we  find  repre¬ 
sentations  of  thrones  of  cedar  encrusted  with  gold  and  ivory,  beds, 
tables,  vases,  etc. 

After  the  destruction  of  the  Assyrian  monarchy,  Persia  succeeded 
to  the  first  jfiace  in  those  products  in  which  the  Assyrian  excelled. 
'The  Persian  workman  was  soon  joined  by  the  Greek,  and  his  artistic 
conceptions  gained  by  the  contact.  Madame  Dieulafoy,  a  French 
explorer,  has  been  most  happy  in  her  discoveries  in  the  ruins  of  Susa, 
the  favorite  capital  of  Archimedes.  The  results  of  her  labors  are 
shown  in  this  section.  Enameled  brick  seems  to  have  been  a  salient 
feature  of  this  epoch  in  the  East.  Brilliant  architectural  effects 
were  produced  by  it,  with  rapidity  and  economy.  This  art,  if  not 
lost,  has  fallen  into  disuse. 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR, 


131 


From  Persia  we  were  carried  to  tlie  far  East.  Curious  specimens 
of  tattooing  were  exhibited,  mostly  from  Siam.  This  practice,  com¬ 
ing  originally  from  Birmah,  was  carried  to  perfection  in  Siam,  and 
soon  became  an  art.  We  are  accustomed  in  the  West  to  see  tattoos 
on  the  bodies  of  sailors,  Malays,  etc.,  all  people  of  the  lower  classes. 
In  Siam  the  figures  are  punctured  in  groups  on  the  thighs,  the  chests, 
and  the  backs  of  the  upper  classes.  The  subjects  are  drawn  from 
popular  legends  and  superstitions.  They  tell  of  the  exploits  of 
Hamah  and  Yichnou.  They  are  never  obscene,  which  in  the  East  is 
remarkable.  The  principal  figure  is  Hanuman,  the  king  of  the 
monkeys,  whom  certain  Siam  tribes  look  upon  as  their  ancestor. 
Darwin  was,  therefore,  a  plagiarist. 

The  Siam  artists,  too,  tattoo  flowers  and  fruits  and  garters  below 
the  knee;  and  as  fear  plays  so  important  a  part  in  pagan  worship, 
they  tattoo  evil  spirits  also,  to  propitiate  them,  as  in  the  Eastern 
countries  victims  were  sacrificed  to  devils.  “They  offered  their  sons 
and  their  daughters  unto  devils,  and  their  land  was  defiled  with  blood.” 
Proud  are  those  Eastern  nobles  of  their  tattoos;  they  are  their  heraldic 
devices,  their  orders,  and  their  decorations.  They  have,  at  all  events, 
one  great  merit  over  European  decorations  of  our  day:  they  cannot 
be  lost  and  they  cannot  be  stolen. 

Then  followed  the  history  of  writing,  beginning  with  picture-writ¬ 
ing  found  on  rocks  and  stones,  representing  animals,  and  lines  and 
dots,  and  other  geometrical  figures.  Then  came  ideagraphic  writing, 
conveying  ideas.  This  is  better  known  to  us  as  hieroglyphics,  for  it 
was  almost  confined  to  the  priesthood  ( hieros ,  a  priest).  We  were 
shown  specimens  of  Chinese,  Egyptian,  Assyrian,  and  Hittite  hiero¬ 
glyphics,  the  last  recently  discovered  in  Syria.  There  were  speci¬ 
mens  of  Mexican  hieroglyphics,  too.  When  Cortez  landed  in  Mexico, 
the  natives  sent  to  Montezuma  a  painted  cloth,  representing  the 
Spaniards,  and  their  arms  and  ships.  Written  language  in  the 
earliest  days  appears  to  have  been  very  limited.  The  same  word 
represented  several  ideas.  When  spoken  it  was  explained  by  the 
gesture  accompanying  it,  like  the  Chinook  of  our  day  in  use  on  the 
plains.  In  choice  Chinook,  the  same  word  means  heaven  or  hell,  ac¬ 
cording  as  you  point  up  or  down. 

In  Egypt  and  in  Syria,  picture  and  idea  writing  soon  developed 
into  the  alphabet  (from  Aljihci  and  Beta ,  the  first  two  letters  of  the 
Greek  alphabet)  somewhere  about  the  time  of  Moses,  one  thousand 
five  hundred  years  before  Christ.  There  can  be  little  doubt  that  the 
Hebrews  knew  it,  and  that  the  Ten  Commandments  were  written  in 
letters.  In  this,  as  in  so  many  instances,  it  was  the  necessities  of  trade 
which  led  to  the  development  of  the  alphabet,  for  we  first  find  it  in 
general  use  among  the  Phoenician  merchants.  That  eminent  French 
author,  Mr.  Renan,  calls  this  transformation  of  picture-writing  into 
the  alphabet,  “one  of  the  greatest  discoveries  of  human  genius.” 


132 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


In  its  early  stages,  the  alphabet  consisted  principally  of  consonants; 
vowels  were  scarcely  known,  and  language  must  have  been  as  gut¬ 
tural  as  the  German  of  the  present  day.  But  the  Greeks,  with  their 
artistic  taste,  introduced  vowels,  and  as  thus  modified  it  was  carried 
to  western  Europe.  The  Greeks  too,  changed  the  mode  of  writing 
from  right  to  left,  to  left  to  right.  In  most  Asiatic  nations,  it  still 
remains  from  right  to  left.  The  Chinese  write  in  columns. 

From  the  history  of  writing,  the  exhibits  led  us  somewhat  suddenly 
to  Japan. 

The  famous  Japanese  artistic  work  in  bronze,  in  lacquer,  and  in 
ivory,  does  not  date  from  a  very  early  day.  It  began  in  the  thir¬ 
teenth  century,  but  was  not  fully  developed  until  the  sixteenth  and 
seventeenth.  In  this  exhibit  were  shown  many  specimens  of  the 
armor  of  the  princes  and  rich  Daimans,  iron  inlaid  with  gold,  silver, 
or  copper,  and  engraved  generally  with  dragons,  but  often  with 
butterflies  or  flowers  or  fruit.  The  butterfly  appears  to  have  been 
a  favorite  insect  with  the  Japanese.  We  all  remember  that  pretty 
trick  of  the  Japanese  juggler, — keeping  two  butterflies  in  motion 
with  his  fan  alone. 

Japan  contributed  very  largely  to  the  Exposition,  the  Japanese 
Government  entering  very  heartily  into  the  plans  of  the  French.  In 
the  section  we  are  describing,  there  were  exhibited  a  very  large  num¬ 
ber  of  boxes  and  cabinets  of  lacquer  incrusted  with  gold  and  ivory, 
and  silver  and  bronze.  But  in  addition  to  this,  a  considerable  space 
in  the  Exposition  was  set  apart  for  Japan,  and  was  filled  with  a  rich 
display  of  bronzes,  and  porcelains,  silks,  etc. 

It  is  rather  curious  that  lacquer  work,  of  which  we  see  such  abun¬ 
dant  specimens  everywhere,  should  be  confined  almost  exclusively  to 
Japan.  The  reason  is  said  to  be,  that  the  gum  drawn  from  the  Bhus 
vernicifera,  or  lacquer  tree,  is  far  superior  to  that  of  China.  A  branch 
of  the  tree  is  punctured  by  a  fly,  which  lays  its  eggs  in  the  hole.  The 
gum  forms  about  them  and  protects  them,  and  generally  incloses  and 
retains  the  mother  fly.  In  due  time  the  eggs  are  hatched,  whereupon 
the  first  act  of  the  young  parricides  is  to  eat  up  their  mother. 

Japanese  porcelain  is  of  the  very  best  quality.  It  dates,  in  its  per¬ 
fection,  from  comparatively  modern  times,  about  the  sixteenth  cen¬ 
tury.  Silk,  equally  interesting  and  remarkable,  dates  from  a  very 
early  period. 

The  Chinese  contribution  to  the  History  of  Labor  did  not  strike  us 
as  either  interesting  or  instructive.  Chinese  art  is  clumsy,  too  much 
mixture  of  the  Tartar,  perhaps.  They  produced  much  the  same  ar¬ 
ticles  as  the  Japanese,  but  not  in  the  same  perfection.  Their  porce¬ 
lain  is  valuable ;  and  we  have  seen  in  our  own  country  immense  prices 
paid  for  a  single  rose  or  green  colored  plate ;  but  age  and  rarity, 
rather  than  beauty,  dictated  the  price.  These  plates  are  at  least 
eight  hundred  years  old,  having  been  manufactured  during  the 
Ming  dynasty. 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


133 


SECTION  II. 

LIBERAL  ARTS. 

We  come  now  to  the  second  of  the  five  grand  divisions — the  liberal 
arts. 

This  section  began  with  the  sciences,  astronomy  being  the  first. 

ASTRONOMY. 

The  origin  of  astronomy  is  in  astrology,  which  was  not  the  vulgar 
empiricism  it  is  generally  supposed  to  have  been. 

The  committee  in  charge  of  this  subdivision  had  intended  to  have 
exhibited  models  of  an  ancient  Chinese  observatory,  the  oldest  known 
to  have  existed ;  of  the  observatory  at  Alexandria,  with  copies  of  the 
principal  instruments  used  by  Hipparchus  and  Ptolemy,  of  the 
observatory  of  Tycho  Brahe,  and  of  that  of  Paris  under  Louis  XIY. 
But  as  it  too  often  happened,  space  and  money  failed,  and  the  Ex¬ 
position  remained  without  these  interesting  monuments.  It  struck 
us  that  this  exhibit  was  by  no  means  complete,  consisting  principally 
of  photographs,  fragments,  and  some  original  instruments  of  no 
particular  interest. 

PHYSICS. 

Next  to  astronomy  came  physics.  The  interesting  history  of 
physics,  with  its  marvelous  developments  through  the  genius  of  the 
great  men  of  the  seventeenth  century,  Galileo,  Descartes,  Pascal,  and 
Newton,  followed  by  those  of  the  eighteenth,  Reaumur,  Franklin, 
and  Yolta,  was  very  poorly  illustrated.  The  first  voltaic  battery,  and 
a  magnet  of  the  Abbe  Nollet,  were  the  most  striking  objects. 

CHEMISTRY. 

The  alchemists  were  the  founders  of  chemistry.  They  labored 
under  fearful  disadvantages.  They  experimented  with  their  lives  in 
their  hands.  Objects  of  the  bitter  hatred  of  the  ignorant  and  super¬ 
stitious  populace  of  the  middle  ages,  and  persecuted  by  the  Church, 
they  did  their  work  in  concealment  and  in  danger.  Persecuted  in 
one  city,  they  fled  to  another,  to  be  driven  from  that  in  turn  in  a  few 
weeks  or  months.  The  world  owes  more  to  these  martyrs  of  science 
than  it  has  any  idea. 

Working  thus  in  secret,  they  could  not  make  their  discoveries 
known.  They  were  transmitted  from  father  to  son,  and  from  master 
to  pupil;  but  they  have  furnished  to  modern  chemistry  materials  of 
great  value.  We  owe  to  them  sulphuric  acid,  phosphorus,  alcohol, 
antimony,  mercury,  etc.  Many  of  these  men  were  charlatans,  living 


134 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


upon  the  passions  or  the  credulity  of  the  rich;  hut  many  were  phil¬ 
anthropists,  laboring  for  the  good  of  mankind. 

In  this  exhibit  there  was  shown  the  model  of  an  alchemist’s  labora¬ 
tory  of  the  seventeenth  century.  At  this  date  they  could  venture  to 
show  themselves.  The  experts  who  constructed  this  laboratory  have 
carefully  avoided  filling  it  with  the  bats  and  owls,  and  snakes  and 
toads,  which  old  engravings  show  to  have  been  the  popular  idea  of 
the  contents  of  a  laboratory  of  that  day. 

In  modern  chemistry  there  was  a  very  satisfactory  exhibit,  inter¬ 
esting  to  the  chemist,  but  not  particularly  so  to  the  layman.  Fur¬ 
naces,  vases,  glasses,  porcelain,  thermometers,  etc. ,  were  among  the 
objects  exhibited;  all  proving  that  the  experimental  methods  of 
chemistry  are  much  the  same  now  as  in  the  days  of  the  alchemists, 
and  that  the  improvement  has  been  in  the  apparatus  alone.  This 
has  wonderfully  improved,  and  especially  in  the  last  ten  years. 

GEOGRAPHY. 

Ancient  geography,  as  might  have  been  expected,  made  but  a  poor 
show.  The  discoveries  of  the  ancients,  very  remarkable  for  their 
time,  were  completely  lost  in  the  night  of  the  Middle  Ages.  Some 
rough  Italian  and  Portuguese  maps,  mostly  of  the  shores  of  the 
Mediterranean,  and  a  few  later  French  maps,  were  exhibited.  The 
Italians  and  Portuguese  were  evidently  the  principal  navigators  of 
those  days.  The  English  had  not  yet  come  to  the  front. 

WRITING  AND  ILLUMINATION. 

W e  come  now  to  one  of  the  most  interesting  and  complete  exhibits 
in  the  History  of  Labor. 

This  exhibit  was  prepared  with  great  care  and  skill.  It  com¬ 
menced  with  early  paper,  parchment  and  vellum,  including  a  copy 
of  the  Pentateuch  written  on  sheep-skin.  Then  followed  chrono¬ 
logically  pamphlets  for  temporary  circulation,  and  no  less  carefully 
prepared ;  then  manuscripts  showing  the  progress  of  illumination, 
with  the  best  specimens  of  the  Italian,  Flemish,  and  French  schools. 
Here  were  to  be  seen  a  manuscript  of  the  four  evangelists  written  in 
751  A.  D. ,  with  portraits  of  our  Saviour  and  of  the  four  evangelists ; 
a  roll  of  the  thirteenth  century,  showing  our  Saviour’s  genealogical 
tree,  with  pictures  of  God  the  Father,  Adam  and  Eve,  the  Deluge, 
the  Nativity,  the  Crucifixion,  and  the  Resurrection;  curious  manu¬ 
scripts  of  the  sixth,  seventh,  and  eighth  centuries;  a  psalter  of  Charle¬ 
magne,  795  A.  D.,  and  a  Bible  of  the  Bishop  of  Orleans,  788  A.  D. 
In  the  ninth  to  the  fifteenth  centuries,  the  works  of  St.  Augustine, 
ninth  century;  commentaries  of  the  Venerable  Bede  on  the  Books  of 
Kings,  ninth  century ;  and  so  on  through  the  successive  centuries 
till  the  revolution  of  1789.  Prince  Poniatowski,  descended  from  the 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


135 


Kings  of  Poland,  exhibited  a  diploma  of  the  election  of  his  ancestor, 
Stanislas  Augustus,  to  the  throne  of  Poland,  a  work  of  art,  though 
of  comparatively  modern  times.  Then  there  was  no  end  of  letters 
of  the  early  popes,  and  of  the  kings  of  France  from  the  twelfth  cen¬ 
tury  to  a  late  date.  The  exhibit  ended  with  oriental  manuscripts 
from  Persia,  Japan,  China,  and  Arabia,  and  was  very  charming 
and  interesting  to  the  layman,  as  well  as  to  the  bookworm.  How 
Dominie  Sampson  would  have  reveled  in  it ! 

PRINTING. 

The  importance  of  printing  cannot  be  overrated.  It  is  undoubt¬ 
edly  the  most  powerful  instrument  of  civilization  ever  discovered. 
Modern  society  is  built  upon  it.  As  many  cities  dispute  the  birth 
of  printing  as  disputed  that  of  Homer.  The  French  give  the  pref¬ 
erence  to  Gutenberg,  and  tell  us  that  the  Mazarin  Bible  printed  in 
Gutenberg  immediately  after  the  discovery  of  printing  remains  to 
this  day  the  most  perfect  specimen  of  the  printer’s  art.  It  has  never 
been  equaled.  It  contains  1,300  pages  in  double  column,  folio.  It 
stands  by  itself  for  the  clearness  of  the  type,  the  quality  and  beauty 
of  the  impression,  and  the  elegance  of  the  volumes.  It  is  not  known 
how  many  copies  were  printed,  but  probably  a  considerable  number, 
for  twenty  exist  at  the  present  day. 

In  the  cases  in  this  section  were  exhibited,  first,  some  of  the  tools 
used  in  early  printing,  an  old  press  called  “Gutenberg,”  an  ink 
table,  a  press  for  copper-plates,  a  German  almanac  of  1618,  etc. 
Then  followed  some  early  specimens  of  printing,  letters  of  indulgence, 
etc. ,  of  the  fifteenth  century.  The  cases  were  so  arranged  as  to  show 
the  progress  of  printing  in  the  different  countries  of  Europe,  Italy, 
Germany,  France,  and  England,  for  in  these  four  countries  were 
published  the  best  specimens  of  the  printer’s  art. 


BINDING. 

From  printing  we  naturally  pass  to  binding.  Binding  is  the  sister 
art  of  printing,  for  without  binding  many  of  the  most  valuable 
manuscripts  we  possess  would  have  been  lost.  The  exhibit  enabled 
us  to  follow  step  by  step  the  different  changes,  not  always  improve¬ 
ments,  in  this  art. 

The  Greeks  and  Romans  have  furnished  us  with  bindings  in  the 
shape  of  screens,  “  libriplicatiles  ”  the  Romans  called  them,  and 
Martial  has  described  them  in  his  Book  XIV.  We  find  this  bind¬ 
ing  reproduced,  strange  to  say,  in  Japan  in  the  sixteenth  century. 
One  of  the  specimens  exhibited  was  remarkable,  a  manuscript  pro¬ 
tected  by  board  sides  covered  with  a  figured  stuff  ornamented  with 
orchids,  and  at  the  corners  dragon-flies  in  metal.  From  Constanti¬ 
nople  came  a  manuscript  bound  in  wood  with  an  enameled  plate 


136 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


representing  St.  Andrew,  while  round  the  portrait  were  plates  of 
metal  with  uncut  stones  and  jewels  of  value  and  a  Justinius  of  the 
fifteenth  century,  also  in  wood  covered  with  red  velvet,  ornamented 
with  carved  ivory.  This  manuscript  is  protected  by  hands  of  metal 
repoussd,  and  is  framed  in  by  plates  of  enamel,  in  which  are  set 
precious  stones  with  exquisite  carving.  These  Byzantine  bindings 
were  made  between  the  tenth  and  the  fifteenth  centuries,  at  the  ex¬ 
pense  of  sovereigns  and  prelates.  They  show  with  what  art  and  with 
what  splendor  the  artists  of  that  day  enriched  their  work.  Carved 
ivory,  filagree,  precious  stones  and  cameos  abounded,  while  repousse 
and  chiseled  silver  contributed  their  riches  to  adorn  valuable  books. 

In  the  thirteenth  and  to  the  sixteenth  century  binding  was  almost 
confined  to  the  monasteries.  Books  were  bound  with  calf  and  buck 
and  pig  skin,  stamped  with  subjects  drawn  from  the  New  Testament. 
This  style  was  called  the  “monastic.”  When  the  book  was  of  little 
value,  the  monks  economized  the  skin.  They  bound  only  the  back, 
and  perhaps  the  corners.  Specimens  of  these  bindings  of  the  fif¬ 
teenth  and  sixteenth  centuries  were  exhibited. 

It  is  difficult  to  discover  the  names  of  the  distinguished  binders  of 
the  early  Middle  Ages.  Librarians  and  printers  looked  upon  binding 
as  an  inferior  art,  and  refused  to  allow  the  name  of  the  binder  to  be 
imprinted  upon  the  binding.  But  in  the  sixteenth  and  even  in  the 
fifteenth  century,  many  successful  binders  left  the  monasteries  and 
wandered  from  city  to  city,  pursuing  their  calling.  Some  of  their 
names  were  preserved  in  this  exhibit,  but  they  offer  very  little  in¬ 
terest  except  to  the  binder.  The  Elzevirs  perhaps  form  an  excep¬ 
tion,  from  their  connection  with  Moliere  in  1675.  Two  volumes  were 
exhibited  bound  by  them,  and  stamped  with  their  trademark,  an 
owlet. 

Among  the  bindings  which  attracted  attention  was  one  of  Dante, 
bound  by  the  binder  of  Henry  IY ;  the  portfolio  of  Madame  de  Pom¬ 
padour;  a  collection  of  dances,  bound  by  the  binder  of  Louis  XVI, 
one  P.  Vente,  wjio  appears  to  have  devoted  more  time  to  nolitics 
than  to  his  art,  for  his  head  was  cut  off  in  the  Terror;  also  a  book  of 
n,  Masonic  lodge,  and  (very  curious)  a  bottle,  the  back  bound  in  mo¬ 
rocco,  and  entitled  the  “Spirit  of  Franklin.”  It  would  be  interest¬ 
ing  to  learn  the  history  of  this  bottle. 

Boyet  was  a  celebrated  binder  in  the  time  of  Louis  XIY.  He  was 
succeeded  by  Pasdeloup.  Many  charming  specimens  of  the  work  of 
these  masters  were  exhibited  by  Mr.  Louis  Gonse,  Mr.  Morgand,  and 
other  intelligent  and  painstaking  collectors. 

Of  the  Italian  school  there  were  several  exhibits.  A  Petrarch,  in 
quarto,  bound  in  1536;  another,  in  octavo,  in  1590,  which  had  belonged 
to  the  famous  collection  of  Dr.  Canesius,  first  physician  to  Pope  Ur¬ 
ban  VII. 

That  distinguished  French  expert  and  collector,  Mr.  Leon  Gruel, 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


137 

speaks,  with  something  approaching  rapture,  of  a  “delicious  speci¬ 
men  of  binding  in  mosaic,  coming  from  the  hands  of  the  great  Pas- 
deloup,  composed  of  a  border  and  a  vase  of  flowers,  and  finished  with 
the  greatest  perfection.” 

Many  other  exquisite  specimens  of  printing,  illuminating,  and  bind¬ 
ing  were  exhibited,  but  we  have  mentioned  enough  to  give  an  idea 
of  this  interesting  section  of  the  History  of  Labor.  A  few  ancient 
binders’  tools  closed  the  exhibit. 

AFFICHES. 

Some  words  on  the  history  of  bill-posting,  “affiches,”  will  not  be 
out  of  place  in  this  connection.  “Affiches”  date  from  a  very  early 
period,  the  authorities  having  taken  this  method  of  communicating 
laws,  notices,  etc.,  to  the  public.  Very  few  of  the  ancient  “  affiches” 
survive.  The  inferior  quality  of  the  paper,  and  the  exposure  to 
which  it  was  subjected,  would  account  for  this.  The  first  “affiche” 
we  know  of  is  now  in  the  Jewish  Museum  of  the  Louvre.  It  was 
posted  in  the  Temple  in  the  reign  of  Herod  the  Great,  about  the  time 
of  the  birth  of  our  Saviour,  and  forbade  all  Gentiles  to  enter  into  the 
interior  of  the  Temple,  under  pain  of  death.  The  Egyptians,  too, 
who  have  taught  us  so  much  of  antiquity,  have  given  us  but  one 
ancient  “affiche,”  a  papyrus  dated  146  B.  C.  It  notifies  the  disap¬ 
pearance  of  two  slaves,  and  offers  a  reward  to  whoever  will  give  in¬ 
formation  of  their  whereabouts.  It  is  not  many  years  since  such 
“  affiches  ”  were  abundant  enough  in  our  own  country.  Their  artistic 
merit  was  to  be  found  in  the  woo  l-cut  at  the  top,  representing  a 
running  negro  with  a  stick  upon  his  shoulder,  supporting  his 
bundle. 

The  Greek  “affiches”  are  well  known  to  us.  They  were  painted 
on  white  walls,  or  on  tablets  prepared  for  this  purpose.  Athens  was 
burned  after  the  battle  of  Salamis,  and  the  official  copy  of  the  laws 
of  Solon  perished  in  the  flames.  The  Athenians  rewrote  them  on 
white  planks.  These  planks  were  so  arranged  that  by  means  of  a 
simple  mechanism  they  passed  slowly  before  the  eyes  of  the  reader, 
giving  him  ample  time  to  read  them.  Our  show-shop  windows  have 
often  much  the  same  arrangement. 

The  Romans  engraved  their  laws  on  tablets  of  brass.  They  then 
exposed  them  for  a  long  time  where  the  public  could  read  them,  and 
then  preserved  them  in  the  treasury.  Legal  notices  were  painted  in 
red  or  black  on  a  white  wall.  They  were  called  “albums.”  Any 
one  who  altered,  or  in  any  way  interfered  with,  an  “album”  was 
severely  punished.  Theater  bills  were  an  important  feature  in 
Roman  life.  In  the  development  we  have  lately  given  in  this  coun¬ 
try  to  these  nuisances,  we  are  but  following  the  Roman  example,  for 
their  theater  bills,  too,  gave  the  names  and  portraits  of  the  principal 


138 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


actors,  with  colored  pictures  representing  their  great  parts  and  the 
most  striking  scenes  in  which  they  appeared.  Pliny  says  that  Cal- 
lades  was  the  most  distinguished  artist  of  his  day  in  this  line.  We 
wonder  who  is  our  Callades  !  Judging  from  the  dead-walls  and 
hoard  fences  in  Washington,  we  should  say  that  he  lived  in  that  city. 

In  the  Middle  Ages  the  ‘ 4  affiche  ”  disappeared.  The  crier,  with  his 
trumpet  or  his  bell,  succeeded.  This  was  so  lucrative  an  office  that 
in  the  thirteenth  century  it  was  sold  by  the  King  to  the  Chamber  of 
Commerce  of  Paris  for  a  large  sum.  But,  after  three  centuries, 
“affiches”  re-appeared  by  an  enactment  of  Francis  I  in  1539.  His 
proclamation  is  still  extant. 

From  this  day,  we  are  told,  “  affiches  ”  took  possession  of  the  city  of 
Paris,  and  they  hold  it  still.  At  the  time  of  the  religious  quarrels 
of  the  sixteenth  century  they  drew  great  crowds  and  led  to  the  dis¬ 
turbance  of  the  public  peace.  Substitute  ‘ 4  political  ”  for  “  religious,” 
and  you  have  a  picture  of  Paris  to-day.  Laws  and  proclamations 
and  speeches  are  often  posted  on  the  dead -walls,  and  at  a  general 
election  the  most  beautiful  public  buildings  are  desecrated  with  col¬ 
ored  bills  giving  the  candidates’  names  and  their  addresses  to  their 
“chers  concitoyens.”  It  is  not  quite  so  bad  as  our  “affiches”  on  our 
picturesque  mountain  and  river  sides,  but  it  is  bad  enough. 

In  1771  illustrated  “affiches”  made  their  first  appearance.  They 
were  not  exactly  works  of  art,  and  required  text  to  explain  their 
meaning.  It  was  “This  is  a  horse,”  “This  is  a  cow,”  style  of  art. 

Then  came  the  revolution,  when  the  people  were  too  interested  and 
too  excited  to  give  their  attention  to  this  mode  of  advertising.  The 
Government,  however,  covered  the  walls  with  announcements  of  the 
victories  or  defeats  of  the  French  arms. 

In  1825,  with  the  invention  of  lithography,  there  came  a  revival  of 
“affiches,”  and  many  of  the  most  distinguished  of  the  French  artists 
have,  since  that  date,  turned  aside  from  their  more  enduring  and 
important  labors  to  lend  their  talents  to  the  improvement  of  the 
“affiche.”  Very  curious  specimens  were  published  during  the  Com¬ 
mune. 

From  these  remarks  it  will  be  seen  that  the  collection  exposed 
could  not  have  been  complete.  It  was  principally  intended  to  show 
the  different  methods  employed  to  produce  these  bills.  Lithography, 
typography,  steel,  copper,  colored  paper,  and  other  methods  were 
exhibited  chronologically,  in  order  that  the  progress  of  the  art  might 
be  satisfactorily  followed. 

MUSIC. 

Next  in  order  came  Music.  Scarcely  any  instrument  in  use  is  the 
invention  of  modern  times.  Improvements  are  constantly  made, 
but  the  invention  is  lost  in  the  night  of  time.  The  primitive  flute  is 
substantially  the  flute  of  to-day,  without  its  ivory  mouthpiece  and  its 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


139 


silver  stops.  To  the  musician  and  the  musical  amateur  this  exhibit 
was  singularly  interesting.  It  was  one  of  the  most  complete  in  the 
History  of  Labor,  both  in  the  variety  of  the  types  exhibited  and  in 
its  chronological  completeness.  A  rebec  of  the  twelfth  century, 
lutes  of  the  fourteenth,  harps,  violins,  clarionets,  of  the  seventeenth 
and  eighteenth  centuries;  fifes,  flageolets,  hautboys,  horns,  trumpets, 
post-horns,  drums,  guitars,  etc.,  and  the  tools  used  in  their  manu¬ 
facture,  were  all  exhibited;  then  harpsichords  and  pianos,  with  a 
curious  collection  of  Middle  Age  and  modern  music,  with  letters  of 
Beethoven,  Mozart,  etc.,  all  accompanied  by  engravings  of  musical 
instruments  and  of  musical  fetes,  forming  altogether  a  complete  and 
admirable  exhibit  of  the  history  of  music. 

The  harpsichord  played  a  very  important  part  in  the  musical  his¬ 
tory  of  our  ancestors.  We  often  see  old  engravings  of  the  ladies  of 
their  families  seated  at  that  instrument.  The  harpsichord  was  by 
no  means  the  piano,  though  generally  it  is  looked  upon  as  the  an¬ 
cient  form  of  this  instrument.  On  touching  the  harpsichord,  a  ham¬ 
mer  does  not  rise  as  in  the  piano,  but  a  vertical  piece  of  wood  called 
the  jack,  to  which  is  attached  a  tuft  of  crow-feathers,  is  set  in  motion. 
The  jack  does  not  strike,  but  runs  along  the  chord,  catching  it,  and 
making  it  vibrate.  This  is  the  principle  of  the  spinet  as  well.  These 
instruments  were  almost  as  much  in  demand  in  old  times  as  pianos 
are  now.  The  best  were  made  by  Ruckers,  of  Antwerp,  in  the  sev¬ 
enteenth  century.  A  virginal  (a  sort  of  harpsichord),  by  the  same 
maker,  was  also  among  the  exhibits.  It  was  dated  1598.  It  was  re¬ 
paired  by  Chapelle  in  1780.  It  was  so  good  an  instrument,  therefore, 
that  the  owner  had  it  fully  repaired  after  nearly  two  centuries  of 
service.  We  doubt  if  our  Webers  and  Chickerings  will  stand  this 
test. 

These  old  harpsichords  were  of  graceful  form,  and  were  often 
highly  ornamented.  They  seemed  appropriate  to  the  florid  style  of 
music  which  our  ancestors  drew  from  their  keys.  The  decorations 
were  very  varied.  One  made  in  Milan,  in  1702,  was  covered  with 
charming  paintings  of  flowers  and  fruit.  There  is  a  great  demand 
at  present  for  old  harpsichords.  They  are  coming  into  fashion  again, 
with  other  old  furniture.  It  is  thought,  too,  by  amateurs,  that  the 
harpsichord  gives  to  the  music  of  the  old  masters  a  charm  which  the 
modern  piano  cannot  give.  This  may  well  be,  as  the  music  was 
often  written  for  it. 

The  piano  was  invented  in  Italy  by  one  Christoferi  in  the  eight¬ 
eenth  century.  He  conceived  the  idea  of  making  the  chords  vibrate 
by  means  of  hammers,  put  in  motion  by  the  keys.  At  first  his  in¬ 
vention  made  little  progress;  but  it  was  soon  found  that  a  greater 
volume  of  sound  was  produced  by  the  piano  than  by  the  harpsi¬ 
chord;  whence  the  old  name  of  “  piano-forte.” 


140 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


The  Conservatory  of  Paris  had  a  complete  set  of  models  on  exhibi¬ 
tion,  showing  the  different  changes  in  the  mechanism  of  the  piano. 
It  was  made  for  it  by  Pleyel. 

The  invention  of  Christoferi,  so  far  as  manufactures  and  commerce 
are  concerned,  is  the  most  important  invention  in  the  history  of 
music.  Who  could  have  foreseen  the  enormous  commercial  trans¬ 
actions  to  which  a  slight  change  in  the  mechanism  of  the  harpsi¬ 
chord  has  given  rise?  Two  of  the  early  pianos  of  Christoferi  still 
exist  in  Italy,  one  made  in  1720,  the  other  in  1726.  The  oldest  piano 
in  our  exhibit  was  made  in  Paris  in  1770,  the  next  in  London  in  1775. 
The  English  adopted  the  new  invention  much  more  readily  than  the 
French. 

It  was  long  before  grand  pianos  were  made  in  France.  Sebastian 
Erard  was  the  first  to  manufacture  them.  The  instrument  which  he 
made  for  Marie  Antoinette,  and  which  was  among  the  exhibits,  is  a 
gem  of  workmanship  and  taste. 

Erard  manufactured  harps  too,  and  made  great  improvements  in 
them.  The  harp,  from  the  time  of  King  David  and  before  him, 
until  the  end  of  the  eighteenth  century,  remained  substantially  un¬ 
altered.  Among  the  exhibits  was  a  facsimile  of  an  Egyptian  harp, 
now  in  the  Louvre,  and  believed  to  be  five  thousand  years  old. 
This,  with  a  harp  of  the  thirteenth  century,  shows  that  until  the  in¬ 
troduction  of  the  chromatic  scale  by  Erard,  the  harp  remained  sub¬ 
stantially  what  it  always  had  been. 

THEATERS. 

Although  many  of  the  plays  of  the  great  Greek  and  Latin  dram¬ 
atists  have  come  down  to  us,  and  the  ruins  of  their  theaters  have 
enabled  us  to  understand  their  construction,  we  remain  in  ignorance 
of  their  decorations  and  interior  arrangements.  A  careful  study  of 
*  the  theater  in  the  extreme  East,  Japan,  for  example,  might  fill  this 
gap,  for  changes  in  the  East  come  slowly.  Indeed,  in  a  late  number 
of  the  Century  Magazine  we  find  a  description  by  the  artist  Lafarge, 
of  a  visit  to  a  Japanese  theater,  which  confirms  us  in  this  impression. 
But  when  we  come  to  the  sixteenth  century,  we  find  descriptions  and 
designs  giving  a  very  good  idea  of  the  scenery  of  that  day,  and 
showing  that  it  is  all  very  little  changed  in  the  present.  There  seems 
to  have  been  less  scene-shifting  in  those  days.  The  center  of  the 
stage  represented,  perhaps,  a  palace  door;  to  the  right  a  vessel  at  sea; 
then  a  bedroom  ;  on  the  other  side  of  the  palace  a  forest.  The  actor 
simply  moved  from  one  part  of  the  stage  to  the  other,  according  to 
the  exigencies  of  the  play.  There  was  a  charming  simplicity  in  this 
arrangement ;  but  notwithstanding  this  simplicity,  the  French 
artists  of  the  last  century  contrived  to  produce  effects  in  spectacular 
pieces,  fairy  scenes,  etc.,  which  have  never  been  surpassed.  One  of 
the  machinists  of  the  Grand  Opera  constructed  for  the  Exposition 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


141 


an  exact  model  of  the  theatrical  machinery  of  the  last  century.  A 
windlass  below  the  stage  made  all  the  necessary  changes.  It  is  not 
long  since  the  windlass  disappeared,  to  be  succeeded  by  the  present 
complicated  system  of  scene-shifting.  The  only  absolute  novelty  in 
scenery  and  decoration,  says  a  distinguished  authority,  is  electricity. 

The  expert  who  prepared  this  exhibit  thought  it  well  to  show  us 
models  of  the  oldest  theaters  of  Paris.  They  are — 

(1)  L'Acaddmie  Roy  ale  de  Musique,  established  in  1781,  near  the 
Porte  St.  Martin,  and  still  there. 

(2)  La  Comedie  Frangaise,  established  in  1782,  and  then  occupying 
the  Oddon. 

(3)  La  Comedie  Italienne,  occupying  the  building  in  the  rue 
Favart,  recently  burned. 

(4)  Les  Varidtes  Amusantes,  now  simply  Les  Varietes,  established 
in  1775,  and  occupying  the  building  in  the  Palais  Royal  now  occu¬ 
pied  by  the  Comedie  Frangaise. 

(5)  L’Ambigue  Comique,  built  in  1769,  on  the  Boulevard  du 
Temple. 

Among  the  exhibits  in  this  subsection  were  a  number  of  play -bills 
of  the  last  century,  theater  tickets,  engravings  of  masks,  and  many 
portraits  of  distinguished  actors  and  actresses.  The  Japanese  con¬ 
tributed  interesting  colored  engravings  and  photographs. 

The  Greeks  and  Romans  attributed  the  invention  of  the  theater  to 
Bacchus.  Theaters  were  often  used  for  public  assemblies,  as  we 
read  in  the  New  Testament,  and  as  they  are  often  used  in  our  day. 

ARCHITECTURE. 

Architecture  was  necessarily  very  incomplete.  Of  course  build¬ 
ings  could  not  be  transported,  and  it  was  found  that  models  cost  too 
much  money  and  would  occupy  too  much  space,  while  photographs 
were  rejected  as  giving  incomplete  and  frequently  erroneous  ideas. 
One  valuable  model,  however,  the  committee  was  able  to  exhibit, 
and  was  indebted  for  it  to  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of  New  York. 
This  was  a  model  of  the  Parthenon,  prepared  by  Mr.  Jolly,  of  Paris, 
on  a  large  scale,  1  to  20.  It  gives  the  most  minute  details,  and  shows 
all  the  grandeur  and  harmony  of  proportion  of  this  masterpiece  of 
Greek  architecture.  With  this  exception,  the  models  were  confined 
to  a  few  fragments.  These  were  shown  with  a  view  to  give  a  gen¬ 
eral  idea  of  the  best  known  styles  of  architecture. 

PAINTING. 

Two  thousand  years  ago  artists  in  Europe  painted  with  brush  and 
colors,  and  they  paint  with  brush  and  colors  now.  No  doubt,  too, 
many  thousand  years  ago,  in  the  extreme  East,  they  painted  with  the 
same  instruments.  It  is  true  that  the  colors  in  our  days  are  dissolved 


142 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


in  various  ways,  in  wax,  in  lime-water,  in  glue,  in  egg,  and  in  oil,  but 
the  result  is  pretty  much  the  same,  and  the  amateur,  and  even  the 
artist,  is  often  puzzled  to  know  which  process  has  been  employed. 

The  committee  had  intended  to  give  much  prominence  to  the  ques¬ 
tion  of  the  material  upon  which  paintings  are  made,  such  as  walls, 
wood,  canvas,  etc.  But  upon  reflection  they  considered  this  matter 
as  of  little  consequence,  for  paintings  are  transferred  from  one  sub¬ 
stance  to  another,  and  without  the  least  injury  to  the  painting. 
They  determined,  therefore,  to  confine  themselves  to  an  exhibition 
of  the  different  kinds  of  painting,  and  this  they  made  very  thorough. 

They  began  with  encaustic  painting.  This  was  practised  by  the 
ancients,  but  is  lost  to  us.  The  colors  were  mixed  in  wax,  and  ap¬ 
plied  to  the  wall  with  heat.  It  is  said  to  have  been  invented  by 
Aristides  three  hundred  and  forty  years  before  Christ. 

FRESCO  PAINTING. 

The  word  “fresco”  is  often  improperly  applied.  A  painting  on  a 
wall  is  not  necessarily  a  fresco.  Fresco  is  a  painting  on  a  wall  or 
other  surface  which  has  been  previously  prepared  with  a  coat  of  lime 
and  fine  sand,  and  the  painting  been  made  while  this  coat  is  fresh. 
If  it  has  had  time  to  dry,  the  painting  is  called  distemper. 

Distemper  is  made  with  colors  mixed  with  glue. 

Tempera  is  made  with  colors  dissolved  in  water,  glue,  and  the 
white  of  an  egg. 

Aquarelles  are  made  with  colors  dissolved  in  pure  water.  If  gum 
is  mixed  with  the  water,  the  aquarelle  becomes  a  gouache. 

The  exhibit  contained  specimens  of  all  these  paintings,  as  well  as 
of  those  in  oil,  in  mosaic,  in  tapestry,  on  earthenware,  on  porcelain, 
in  enamel,  and  on  glass. 

MONEY. 

Who  invented  money  ?  The  authorities  differ,  and  no  one  knows. 
Pollux,  in  the  second  century,  says  that  it  was  either  Phidon,  a  king 
of  Argos,  or  the  Lydians.  Herodotus  says  that,  to  the  best  of  his 
knowledge  and  belief,  it  was  the  Lydians  who  first  struck  coins  of 
gold  and  silver.  Xenophon  agrees  with  the  father  of  history.  But, 
on  the  other  hand,  many  authors  of  repute  give  the  credit  to  Phi¬ 
don.  Plutarch  says  that  it  was  Theseus,  twelve  hundred  years  before 
Christ,  and  that  Lycurgus  proscribed  gold  and  silver  in  Sparta,  and 
issued  iron  money  alone.  Other  writers  name  Janus  and  Xuma. 
Let  us  give  the  Lydians  the  credit  of  the  invention. 

Pliny  wrote  a  whole  chapter  on  inventions,  but  he  says  nothing  of 
coins.  He  gives  Phidon,  however,  the  credit  for  inventing  measures, 
and  probably  weights,  though  he  says  that  Gellius  prefers  to  give 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


143 


the  credit  of  it  to  Palamedes,  one  of  the  Greek  heroes  before  Troy, 
and  grandson  of  Neptune.  Pliny  ascribed  to  him,  too,  the  inven¬ 
tion  of  chess,  which  Herodotus  gives  to  the  Lydians.  But  Pliny 
was  a  devout  pagan,  and  liked  to  ascribe  everything  that  was  noble 
and  clever  to  the  intervention  of  the  gods,  direct  or  indirect. 

Money  was  minted  about  seven  hundred  years  before  Christ.  Be¬ 
fore  its  invention  the  daily  transactions  of  life,  as  well  as  the  great 
operations  of  commerce,  were  carried  on  by  the  exchange  of  com¬ 
modities.  We  read  of  this  in  the  sacred  books,  in  Homer,  and  on 
the  Egyptian  papyrus;  while  in  uncivilized  countries  articles  taking 
the  place  of  money  have  been  used  to  a  late  day — cowrie  shells  on 
the  coast  of  Africa,  salt  in  Abyssinia,  and  wampum  among  the  North 
American  Indians. 

Next  came  an  important  step  towards  money.  Ingots  of  metal 
were  exchanged  for  land  and  goods.  We  are  told  that  Abraham 
weighed  four  hundred  shekels  of  silver,  and  gave  them  for  a  piece 
of  land  he  bought  of  the  children  of  Heth.  They  were  probably 
ingots,  not  yet  marked,  but  “were  current  money  with  the  mer¬ 
chant.”  The  ingots  took  different  shapes,  as  of  rings  in  gold  or 
silver,  or  of  sleeping  lions  in  bronze.  Both  texts  and  paintings  attest 
this  custom.  The  rings  resemble  the  Chinese  rings,  which  that 
people  used  for  money,  made  of  copper,  and  hung  round  the  neck. 
The  Assyrians  used  the  bronze  lion.  Specimens  of  this  money  are 
to  be  seen  in  the  Louvre. 

The  next  ingot  was  round  like  a  ball.  The  Siamese,  till  very  lately, 
used  this  round  money.  Siamese  money  is  now  flat,  but  on  fete  days 
coins  are  inclosed  in  wooden  balls,  and  thrown  to  the  people,  in 
memory,  very  likely,  of  the  round  money  of  their  ancestors. 

Finally  ingots  were  made  in  the  form  of  bars  as  now,  and  of 
brooches  ( oboliskoi ),  whence  the  word  obole,  the  tenth  part  of  a 
drachm.  But  the  decisive  step  was  taken  when  these  bars,  etc. ,  were 
marked  with  their  weights  by  the  proper  authorities,  and  so  reweigh¬ 
ing  on  every  transfer  became  unnecessary. 

As  soon  as  ingots  were  marked  in  this  way,  there  was  but  a  step  to 
striking  coin.  Its  Greek  name,  nomisma,  is  derived  from  nomus, 
meaning  law;  in  other  words,  it  became  a  legal  tender.  From  no¬ 
misma  come  nummus  and  numismatics. 

The  word  money  is  derived  from  moneta,  meaning  something  that 
notifies,  as  the  stamp  and  the  legend  on  the  coin  notify  the  public  of 
its  value.  It  is  also  claimed  that  it  was  so  called  from  the  first  Ro¬ 
man  mint  established  in  the  temple  of  Juno  Moneta. 

The  first  coins  known  to  have  been  struck  by  the  Lydians  were  of 
electrum,  the  “  white  gold  ”  of  Herodotus,  composed  of  three  parts 
of  gold  and  one  of  silver.  The  Lydians  obtained  it  from  the  bed  of 
the  Pactolus  and  from  the  mines  of  Tmolus.  The  early  coins  of 


144 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


the  JEgeans  showed  a  tortoise  on  the  face,  those  of  the  Athenians 
showed  an  owl,  whence  the  common  designation  of  those  coins  as 
a  “tortoise”  and  an  “owl.”  It  is  a  cnrions  coincidence  that  the 
early  coins  of  China  were  called  “precious  tortoise,”  though  it  must 
not  from  this  be  supposed  that  the  Lydians  and  the  HCgeans  copied 
from  the  Chinese.  Venus  had  a  temple  on  the  Aegean  Sea,  and  the 
tortoise  was  sacred  to  her. 

It  was  long  before  the  coiners  gave  any  attention  to  the  reverse 
of  the  coin.  It  was  left  hollow,  that  it  might  be  better  secured  in 
its  place  by  a  projection  on  the  anvil.  But  as  the  arts  became  per¬ 
fected,  coining  shared  the  general  progress.  In  the  time  of  Csesar, 
one  Carisius  struck  silver  denarii  with  both  sides  in  relief  ;  on  the  face 
is  the  head  of  J uno  and  the  word  ‘  ‘  Moneta  ”;  on  the  reverse  are  shown 
the  different  tools  of  coinage,  anvil,  pincers,  and  hammer,  the  whole 
surrounded  by  a  crown  of  laurel. 

As  long  as  these  tools  alone  were  used  in  coining,  the  beauty  of 
the  piece  depended  upon  the  skill  of  the  workman,  for  if  the  piece 
on  the  anvil  became  in  the  slightest  degree  displaced,  the  impression 
and  the  legend  were  displaced  also.  But  in  the  progress  of  time 
came  machinery  and  steam,  and  now  very  little  skill  is  required. 

The  exhibit  of  coins  (“medals”  the  numismatics  call  them)  pre¬ 
pared  by  Mr.  Fenardent  shows  chronologically,  century  by  century, 
admirable  specimens  of  this  art,  commencing  seven  centuries  before 
Christ  and  coming  nearly  to  the  present  day.  The  modern  coins 
exposed  were  exclusively  French. 

The  Romans  at  first  had  very  little  use  for  gold  and  silver,  for 
their  commercial  transactions  were  not  large.  They  used  ingots  of 
rough  bronze.  As  the  art  improved,  these  ingots  were  stamped  with 
animals,  generally  cattle  ( pecus ,  whence  pecunia).  Servius  Tullius 
was  the  first  to  stamp  these  ingots.  This  rough  bronze  money  re¬ 
minds  one  of  the  iron  money  of  the  Spartans.  It  was  of  course 
molded,  being  too  massive  for  the  hammer  and  the  chisel. 

In  the  sixteenth  century  in  Germany,  machinery  was  introduced. 
Henry  II  of  France,  who  was  a  great  friend  of  the  arts,  sent  one  of 
his  valets-de-chambre  into  Germany  to  examine  the  German  machines 
and  bring  him  models.  This  man  was  accompanied  by  Antoine 
Chiviser,  an  expert,  who  was  subsequently  appointed  master  work¬ 
man  and  engineer  in  the  new  mint  of  Paris.  But  vested  interests 
proved  too  strong,  and  after  a  few  years  the  mint  was  closed,  the 
machines  were  abandoned,  and  the  hammer  resumed  its  sway.  Some 
of  the  most  skillful  artificers  went  to  England,  where  they  were  well 
received  by  Charles  I.  A  few  years  later,  however,  Jean  Warm 
succeeded  in  getting  the  Paris  mint  reopened,  and  the  machinery 
was  once  more  set  in  motion. 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


145 


MEDALS. 

It  is  only  since  the  fifteenth  century  that  medals,  properly  so 
called,  have  been  struck.  As  we  have  already  stated,  the  earliest 
coins  were  called  medals,  and  perhaps  properly  so,  for,  having  no 
legal  circulation,  they  were  artistic  and  numismatic  monuments 
rather  than  money.  Medals  do  not  appeal  to  the  popular  taste.  It 
is  difficult  to  say  why.  We  shall  confine  ourselves,  therefore,  to 
saying  that  Camelio  in  Italy  in  1484  gave  the  first  impulse  to  the 
improvement  of  medals,  and  that  the  art  continued  to  flourish  in 
Italy  until  the  seventeenth  century,  when  it  suddenly  dropped  dead, 
and  has  remained  dead  ever  since.  France  is  now,  par  excellence „ 
the  land  of  medals. 

ENGRAVED  STONES. 

Popular  taste  has  elevated  this  art  to  a  much  higher  plane  than 
that  of  medals,  perhaps  from  the  greater  difficulty  of  the  work. 
We  are  told  that  it  is  the  most  difficult  and  fatiguing  of  arts.  It  is 
monotonous  to  a  degree.  Years  are  necessary  to  engrave  a  large 
stone  cameo,  and  it  is  always  the  same  work,  always  the  knife 
dipped  in  a  mixture  of  oil  and  diamond  dust,  diamond  dust  being 
the  essential  element  in  this  art,  and  applied  with  the  lathe  to  give 
the  necessary  velocity  and  heat. 

Exquisitely  engraved  cameos  of  precious  stones  have  come  to  us 
from  antiquity.  The  Chinese  and  Egyptian  scarabees  are  probably 
the  most  ancient  specimens  of  this  art.  It  does  not  appear  to  have 
been  carried  very  far  in  the  extreme  East.  The  Greeks  and  the 
Romans  were  passionately  fond  of  engraved  stones,  both  in  relief 
and  in  intaglio.  More  are  found  engraved  in  the  latter  than  in  the 
former  manner.  Many  reasons  are  given  for  this.  No  doubt  they 
were  less  liable  to  injury,  but  fashion  appears  to  have  been  the 
principal  reason,  for  Augustus  and  other  emperors,  and  their  great 
nobles,  preferred  a  seal  in  stone  to  one  in  silver  or  gold. 

No  cameos  were  exhibited,  except  a  charming  little  Narcissus; 
but  plaster  casts  of  the  principal  cameos  in  the  National  Library 
abounded,  and  with  them  a  very  full  exhibit  of  the  few  tools  used  in 
this  art  and  which  we  have  named  above.  Cameos  were  generally 
cut  in  agate  or  onyx,  these  stones  being  better  adapted  to  that  pur¬ 
pose;  but  they  were  also  cut  in  opals  and,  emeralds. 

ENGRAVING. 

An  admirable  collection  of  engravings  showed  the  progress  of  this 
art.  Rembrandt  alone  would  have  ennobled  the  art  of  engraving,  but 
by  his  side  were  Claude  de  Lorrain,  Ruysdael,  Paul  Potter,  and  other 
great  names.  The  art  of  engraving  has  been  more  studied  in  Eng¬ 
land  than  elsewhere.  A  portrait  of  Pius  VII,  engraved  by  Cousins, 
H.  Ex.  410 - 10 


146 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


after  Sir  Thomas  Lawrence,  is  a  superb  specimen  of  the  engraver’s 
art. 

In  Japan  engraving  was  practised  at  a  very  early  period,  perhaps 
in  the  eighth  century.  But  it  appears  for  a  long  time  to  have  been 
confined  to  sacred  subjects  and  principally  to  illustrate  Buddhist 
books  and  representing  Buddhist  personages.  As  a  popular  art  it 
was  little  known  until  the  sixteenth  century.  In  the  seventeenth 
it  had  made  great  progress.  It  was  at  this  date  that  the  Japanese 
began  to  engrave  in  colors. 

The  figures  in  Japanese  engravings  are  cut  in  cherry  wood,  and 
the  colors  are  slightly  gummed.  All  the  mechanical  part  of  this  art 
in  Japan  is  wonderful.  They  imitate  aquarelles  to  perfection,  and 
it  is  often  difficult  to  distinguish  between  the  aquarelle  and  the  en¬ 
graving. 

We  are  indebted  to  Mr.  Louis  Gonse,  the  distinguished  collector 
and  expert,  for  the  above  information  on  Japanese  engraving,  and 
the  articles  exhibited  fully  justified  his  eulogium.  But  when  in  a 
fit  of  enthusiasm  he  comes  to  speak  of  Hokousai,  the  great  engraver 
of  Japan,  he  becomes  so  eloquent  that  we  consider  it  advisable  to 
confine  ourselves  to  a  literal  translation: 

The  eighteenth  century  ends,  and  Hokousai  appears.  It  seemed  that  the  masters 
we  have  already  named  could  not  be  surpassed,  but  Hokousai,  the  most  celebrated  of 
the  Japanese  artists,  added  to  the  traditions  of  his  predecessors  all  the  brilliancy  of  his 
fancy,  of  his  originality,  of  his  humor,  of  his  profound  study  of  life  and  manners, 
and  of  the  universality  of  his  genius.  He  crowns  with  fireworks  the  change  in 
Japanese  art.  He  has  all  the  gifts.  He  is  a  rare  colorist,  original,  admirable  ;  his 
drawing  is  free,  striking,  natural—  it  is  that  of  a  born  illustrator.  He  created  a 
school  of  engravers  first  at  Nagoza,  afterwards  at  Jeddo.  He  filled  Japan  with  his 
name  and  his  works.  The  number  of  volumes  illustrated  by  the  hand  of  Hokousai 
is  more  than  five  hundred  and  that  of  his  engraved  compositions  more  than  thirty 
thofisand. 

With  this  tribute  to  the  genius  of  the  illustrious  Hokousai  we  pass 
to  another  exhibit. 

SPECTACLES. 

A  very  small  but  interesting  exhibit  showed  the  progress  of  spec¬ 
tacle  making. 

Spectacles  were  probably  invented  in  the  thirteenth  century.  A 
French  surgical  writer,  in  1303,  says:  “  If  this  does  not  answer,  the 
purpose  recourse  must  be  had  to  spectacles.  ” 

They  were  invented  by  a  Florentine.  On  his  tomb,  dated  1317,  we 
read  the  epitaph,  “Here  lies  Sal  vino  Amato  d’Armati,  inventor  of 
spectacles.  May  God  pardon  his  sins.” 

The  first  spectacles  resembled  our  “pince-nez.”  In  their  present 
shape  they  are  not  seen  in  portraits  older  than  the  fifteenth  century. 
In  this  and  in  the  next  century  they  appear  upon  our  ancestors’  noses 
in  very  much  the  same  shape  as  that  of  to-day.  They  were  held  in 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


place  in  different  ways.  Sometimes  the  hoops  were  stiff ;  sometimes 
strings  passed  behind  the  head  and  were  tied  there;  sometimes  a 
hook  or  bar  fastened  them  to  the  cap.  This  explains  a  disputed  pas¬ 
sage  in  Rabelais,  who,  in  speaking  of  the  marriage  of  Panurge,  says  : 

He  put  on  a  robe  of  fustian,  with  spectacles  hanging  to  his  cap.” 


SECTION  III. 

ARTS  AND  TRADES. 

Our  third  Grand  Division  treats  of  Arts  and  Trades  ( Arts  et  Me- 
iiers) ;  “  crafts  ”  would  perhaps  be  a  better  translation.  This  is  a  vast 
subject.  It  was  divided  into  four  principal  heads  and  subdivided 
indefinitely. 

First,  man  with  his  tools ;  second,  animals  with  wheels  and  sleighs  ; 
third,  sails,  windmills,  pumps,  etc. ;  fourth,  water,  with  water-wheels 
and  other  applications  of  water  power. 

(1)  The  search  for  and  the  collection  of  raw  material ;  (2)  hunting 
and  fishing,  with  snares,  traps,  and  arms ;  sponge  fishing,  coral  fish¬ 
ing  ;  (3)  mining,  the  extraction  of  minerals  ;  (4)  the  cultivation  of 
the  earth,  horticulture,  arboriculture,  viticulture,  the  gatherings  of 
the  fruits  of  the  earth,  forestry,  agricultural  implements,  etc. 

PREPARATION  OF  RAW  MATERIAL. 

Wood. — (4)  Building  wood  with  the  necessary  tools;  (2)  wood  for 
furniture,  natural  and  artificial,  tools,  carving,  musical  instruments, 
•etc. 

Stones,  natural  and  artificial. — (1)  Natural:  The  material,  the 
tools,  cutting,  carving,  stone  for  building.  (2)  Artificial :  Material, 
tools,  concrete,  cement,  etc.  Burned  stone  :  Material,  tools,  lime, 
cements,  processes  for  hardening  stone,  stucco,  etc.  Mosaic,  baked 
clay,  pottery  and  glass.  Material,  tools,  processes  for  the  manufact¬ 
ure  of  brick,  tiles,  pipes,  etc.  ,  pottery  of  all  kinds.  (3)  Glass  and 
crystal :  Material,  tools,  goblets,  wine-glasses,  imitation  pearls,  mir¬ 
rors,  chandeliers,  etc.  (4)  Enamel :  Material  and  tools,  engraved, 
enameled  lava  and  metal.  (5)  Mosaics  in  glass  and  in  enamel : 
Material  and  tools. 

Metals. — (1)  Material  and  tools  for  the  many  primary  processes  to 
which  metals  are  subjected.  (2)  Final  finish  :  Material  and  tools, 
gold  and  silverware,  hardware,  etc.,  machines  and  tools  for  watch¬ 
making,  etc.  (3)  The  working  and  engraving  of  metals,  gilding, 
silvering,  nickeling,  and  tinning. 

Textiles. — Wool,  silk,  cotton,  hemp,  flax  materials  and  tools,  spin¬ 
ning,  rope-making,  washing,  dyeing,  printing,  etc. 


148 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Paper. — Material  and  tools  for  making  coarse  paper,  for  making 
fine  paper,  decorated,  printed  and  colored. 

Skins,  etc.—  Material  and  tools  for  tlie  preparation  of  skins,  furs, 
hair,  feathers,  horn,  whalebone,  ivory,  tortoise-shell,  cat-gnt,  etc. 

ARTS  AND  CRAFTS  NECESSARY  TO  MAN’S  LIFE,  WHETHER  LIVING 
ALONE  OR  WITH  OTHERS. 

Clothing. — Material  and  tools,  artistic  garments,  shoes,  gloves,  and 
hats,  with  infinite  subdivisions.  Preservation  of  clothing,  washing, 
ironing,  cleaning.  Adorning  the  person,  hygiene,  toilet,  coiffure,  etc. 

Building. — Material  and  tools,  grading,  masonry,  carpentry,  etc.; 
houses,  temporary,  portable,  permanent. 

Warming. — Material  and  tools,  etc. 

Lighting. — Different  methods,  individual  (lamp),  or  collective 
(gas,  etc.). 

Cooking. — Kitchen  apparatus,  furnaces,  kitchen  utensils,  etc. 

And  for  man  living  in  communities — ventilation,  reservoirs,  aque¬ 
ducts,  sewers,  hygiene,  posts,  and  telegraph. 

With  a  Grand  Division  so  vast,  we  must  select  the  most  important 
subjects  only,  and  say  but  a  word  upon  each  of  them ;  remarking 
generally  that  the  exhibits  were  most  full  and  satisfactory,  thor¬ 
oughly  illustrating  the  subjects  under  consideration. 

AGRICULTURE. 

Agriculture  was  represented  by  pictures,  and  by  ancient  and  mod¬ 
ern  implements.  Among  the  exhibits  was  a  reaping-machine  used 
by  tire  Gauls,  and  described  by  the  elder  Pliny,  with  modern  ma¬ 
chines  by  the  side  of  it ;  a  Carthagenian  threshing-machine  ;  mill¬ 
stones  of  the  Gallo-Roman  period ;  churns  ;  horseshoes,  with  tools 
for  making  them,  and  models  referring  to  the  history  of  horseshoeing. 

HUNTING  AND  FISHING. 

Hunting  and  fishing  are  always  an  interesting  study,  and  it  was 
here  very  thoroughly  illustrated.  The  first  hunters  used  the  bow 
for  small  animals,  and  the  javelin  and  spear  for  the  larger  kind,  and 
later  the  cross-bow,  which  was  lighter  than  that  used  in  war.  The 
cross-bow  was  of  two  kinds.  The  first  threw  a  bolt,  either  dull,  to 
stun  the  game  only,  or  pointed,  to  kill  it.  As  it  was  impossible  with 
this  cross-bow  to  kill  birds  on  the  wing,  the  custom  grew  up  of  using 
dogs  to  find  and  point  the  game,  that  it  might  be  killed  sitting.  What 
will  our  sportsmen  say  to  this!  To  what  base  uses  did  our  ancestors 
put  their  pointers  and  their  setters!  This  cross-bow  threw  its  bolt 
about  one  hundred  and  fifty  paces.  The  second  kind  of  cross-bow 
threw  a  stone  or  leaden  pellet.  It  was  employed  generally  for  small 
game,  especially  birds. 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


149 


In  1480  the  arquebus  was  invented.  It  was  touched  off  by  hand. 
The  matchlock  was  invented  at  the  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  cen¬ 
tury,  and  an  ordinance  of  Francis  I,  in  1515,  mentions  hackbuts  also 
as  instruments  of  the  chase.  At  the  end  of  the  sixteenth  century, 
when  the  arquebus  had  been  so  much  improved  that  it  could  be  used 
for  wing  shooting,  the  cross-bow  disappeared. 

The  wheel-lock  was  invented  at  Nuremberg  in  1520,  and  flint-locks 
about  a  hundred  years  later. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  present  century  a  fulminate  was  invented 
to  ignite  the  powder,  and  get  rid  of  the  flint  and  the  flashing  of  the 
powder  in  the  pan.  It  was  about  the  size  and  the  shape  of  a  homeo¬ 
pathic  pill,  and  was  composed  of  wax  and  chlorate  of  potassa.  In 
1810  the  cap  was  invented,  made  of  copper  and  filled  with  fulminate 
of  mercury.  In  1812  Pawly  invented  a  breech-loader,  the  commence¬ 
ment  of  the  many  systems  now  in  use.  Among  the  exhibits  was  a 
breech-loader  signed  de  Dupont,  and  dated  1771. 

Hunting  in  the  beginning  was  undoubtedly  for  food  and  clothing 
alone;  but  in  the  progress  of  time  men  began  to  hunt  for  amusement. 
It  was  then  that  the  heads  and  skins  and  horns  of  the  game  were 
carefully  preserved,  and  hung  upon  the  walls  of  castles  and  chateaux. 
Some  magnificent  specimens  of  the  trophies  of  the  chase,  mounted  by 
Deyrolle,  were  exhibited. 

HAWKING. 

Many  spirited  engravings  of  hawking  parties  are  extant,  for  it  was 
a  sport  beloved  of  our  ancestresses. 

There  is  a  general  impression  that  this  sport  has  fallen  into  total 
disuse,  but  this  is  an  error.  In  Africa,  in  the  East,  and  especially  in 
Japan,  it  still  holds  a  prominent  place  among  the  sports  of  the  field. 
In  France  and  in  Ireland,  but  especially  in  England  and  near  Leeds, 
t  is  still  practised.  The  hosts  of  the  chateaux  think,  with  truth, 
that  it  adds  attraction  to  a  country  life.  The  exhibits  were  interest¬ 
ing,  consisting  principally  of  hoods,  jets,  gloves,  horns,  and  engrav¬ 
ings,  among  them  some  well-known  ones.  The  Japan  exhibit  was 
curious,  among  other  things  pigeon  whistles,  which  were  fastened  to 
the  tail  of  the  pigeon  to  keep  off  birds  of  prey  as  he  flew.  An  excel¬ 
lent  exhibit  was  made  by  the  English.  One  by  Gerard  Lascelles, 
master  of  44  The  Old  Hawking  Club  of  Leeds,”  gave  a  photograph  of 
a  picture  by  Howe  showing  a  group  of  hawkers,  and  among  them  the 
well-known  John  Anderson,  chief  falconer  to  the  club.  Another 
photograph  showed  the  same  Anderson  in  the  livery  of  the  Duke  of 
Athol.  It  appears  that  on  the  coronation  of  George  IV  in  1821, 
Anderson  presented  two  falcons  to  the  king,  such  being  the  tenure 
upon  which  the  Dukes  of  Athol  held  the  Isle  of  Man  as  tenants  of 
the  Crown. 


150 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


FISHING. 

The  subject  of  fishing  was  very  lightly  touched  upon.  The  pro¬ 
cesses,  nets  and  hooks,  were  formerly  as  now.  The  difference  is  in 
their  manufacture.  Hooks,  originally  of  bone,  of  shell,  or  of  woodr 
have  given  place  to  those  of  the  finest  steel.  Rods  are  now  made  by 
machines,  and  not  by  hand.  They  are  made  of  split  bamboo,  and 
even  of  steel.  The  committee  who  arranged  this  section  were  not 
well  posted  on  whale  fishing.  They  seemed  to  think  that  whale  fish¬ 
ing  is  now  confined  to  the  Norwegians.  They  were  not  aware, 
apparently,  that  New  Bedford  and  San  Francisco  still  send  out 
whaling  ships,  and  that  Dundee  and  a  few  towns  in  the  north  of 
Scotland  send  out  more  tons  of  whalers  than  the  whole  Kingdom  of 
Norway.  These  gentlemen  also  refer  to  a  canoe  in  the  exhibit  as. 
“un  canot  en  cuir  de  la  tribu  de  la  Protowance,  usite  sur  la  riviere 
de  la  Fievre  pres  de  Mary  Fall  dans  le  Mississippi,”  which  probably 
means  “a  leather  canoe  of  the  Pottawatomies,  used  on  Fever  River, 
near  St.  Mary’s  Falls,  on  the  Mississippi.”  The  “  Protowances,”  as- 
our  committee  calls  them,  are  nearly  extinct.  They  were  a  part  of 
the  Algonquins,  and  are  now  cared  for  by  Quakers  in  Kansas.  The 
‘ ‘  Friends  ”  have  done  much  for  the  welfare  of  the  red  men. 

Under  the  head  of  Food  many  pieces  of  old  “  batteries  de  cuisine,’* 
especially  of  the  eighteenth  century,  were  exhibited.  Under  the  head 
of  Lighting,  all  sorts  of  lamps,  ancient  and  modern,  with  machines 
for  making  candles. 

Under  the  head  of  wood  were  exhibited  specimens  of  the  finest 
woods,  and  of  the  tools  with  which  they  were  wrought.  The  wedge 
was  the  very  earliest  instrument  used  for  working  in  wood;  then 
came  the  hatchet,  retaining  the  form  of  the  wedge;  then  the  knife 
and  the  saw.  The  first  hatchets  had  transverse  handles.  The  saws 
were  of  Hint,  and  therefore  very  small.  In  the  Age  of  Iron,  saws 
improved.  The  Gallo-Romans  used  the  common  saw  in  very  much 
the  same  form  as  we  have  it  now.  The  hydraulic  saw  (saw-mill)  was 
in  use  in  the  sixteenth  century,  and  the  circular  saw  was  invented 
about  the  same  time.  Lastly  the  ribbon  saw  was  invented  at  the  end 
of  the  last  century.  The  South  Sea  Islanders  used  sharks’  teeth  set- 
in  frames  as  saws,  so  Captain  Cook  tells  us. 

Under  the  heads  of  ivood  and  of  stone  there  were  many  curious 
exhibits.  Under  the  former  came  furniture  and  under  the  latter 
mosaics.  The  ancients  made  great  use  of  mosaics,  as  we  see  at 
Pompeii,  at  Treves,  and  elsewhere.  But  we  are  indebted  to  the 
Church  for  the  great  increase  in  the  use  of  mosaics  in  the  Middle 
Ages.  In  1798  the  French  Government  erected  a  manufactory  of 
mosaics  in  Paris,  but  it  did  not  last  long.  In  1846  Emperor  Nicholas 
established  one  in  St.  Petersburg,  which  is  still  extant;  while  that 
of  the  Vatican  has  been  in  existence  and  actively  at  work  for  many~ 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


151 


years.  In  1876  another  attempt  was  made  to  establish,  a  factory  in 
Paris.  In  addition  to  these,  the  V enetians  have  for  a  long  time  been 
at  work  on  mosaics.  This  exhibit  was  not  large,  as  it  is  difficult  and 
destructive  to  remove  mosaics.  The  tools  used  in  the  different  pro¬ 
cesses  have  scarcely  varied  since  the  earliest  days. 

CERAMICS. 

Very  little  information  was  given  us  in  this  important  section, 
hut  the  exhibits  were  abundant  and  curious,  including  the  crudest 
of  pottery  and  the  finest  of  Sevres.  The  products  of  Japan,  too, 
played  an  important  part.  Our  friend  Mr.  Oonse  is  almost  as  enthu¬ 
siastic  about  Japanese  pottery  as  he  is  about  Japanese  engraving. 
He  says: 

Remark  the  originality  of  the  shapes,  their  robust,  elegant,  and  supple  grace. 
Remark  the  logic  of  the  ornamentation,  drawn  from  the  character  and  purpose  of 
the  vessel.  No  ceramic  in  the  world  offers  a  finer  and  more  lasting  paste,  more  fit 
to  receive  those  florid,  rich,  and  translucent  colors,  which  overflow  on  the  sides  of 
the  vessels  in  sheets,  in  brooklets,  in  drops,  like  a  generous  sap,  and  rival  stone  in 
brilliancy. 

Mr.  Gonse  exhibited  a  valuable  collection  of  Japanese  pottery  and 
porcelain. 

GLASS. 

Glass  is  of  much  more  modern  date  than  porcelain,  though  glass 
heads  have  been  found  in  Egyptian  tombs.  Glass  was  probably 
accidentally  discovered  in  the  piocess  of  making  porcelain.  The 
Romans  used  it  for  domestic  purposes  t©  hold  perfumes,  and  in  their 
religious  ceremonies  too.  It  was  used  in  very  limited  quantities  for 
windows  in  the  mild  climate  of  Italy.  The  East  was  very  success¬ 
ful  in  the  manufacture  of  glass.  Later  V enice  entered  the  lists,  and 
Venetian  glass  is  famous  to-day.  Bohemia,  too,  produces  beautiful 
glass.  French  glass  attained  its  present  perfection  in  the  eighteenth 
century. 

The  exhibit  showed  a  number  of  specimens  of  Swiss  glass,  which 
were  divided  into  two  classes.  (1)  White,  painted  or  enameled, 
and  (2)  colored  or  opal.  The  latter,  which  is  highly  valued,  owes 
its  origin  to  Venice,  Italian  workmen  having  introduced  it  into 
Switzerland.  The  French  call  it  “verrede  lait,”  and  the  Germans 
“  milchglas.”  One  of  the  pieces  exhibited  was  ornamented  with  a 
bird,  with  the  inscription  “  When  this  bird  sings,  my  love  will  cease.” 
Making  love  in  glass  strikes  us  as  something  new  in  that  line.  It  is 
curious  what  a  demand  there  is  for  milk  color  in  glass,  in  silver,  in 
pewter,  and  in  stones. 

stuffs. 

^Stuffs,  silks,  etc.,  were  exposed  in  the  adjoining  cases;  some  of 
the  time  of  the  First  Empire  were  very  rich  and  beautiful.  And 


152 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


here  our  friend  Mr.  Gonse  comes  to  the  fore  again  and  goes  into 
raptures  over  Japanese  silks  and  velvets,  of  which  some  few  were 
exhibited. 

In  the  seventeenth  century  costume  attained  its  apotheosis  of  dignity  and  splendor; 
the  processes  of  weaving  had  made  all  their  progress.  This  is  the  epoch  of  thick 
figured  silks,  brilliant  and  masculine,  and  of  those  Terry  (ribbed)  velvets,  which 
have  the  softness  and  harmony  of  old  tapestry.  Then  the  eighteenth  century 
sowed  upon  this  soil  its  feminine  graces.  Taste,  richness,  refinement,  are  carried 
to  their  acme,  and  [here  come  the  fireworks  again]  it  is  a  blinding  feu  d' artifice. 

RIBBONS,  TAPESTRY,  PRINTED  PAPER. 

We  did  not  find  these  exhibits  very  interesting.  As  curiosities, 
there  was  a  sewing-machine  constructed  in  1830,  and  several  speci¬ 
mens  of  old  Flemish  tapestry  of  the  sixteenth  century,  when  this 
industry  appears  to  have  attained  great  perfection  in  Flanders.  One 
of  these  tapestries  represents  two  subjects,  “  David  and  Saul,”  with 
the  javelin  in  Saul’s  hand,  and  “  Tobit  before  his  Father.”  It  seems 
to  have  been  a  practice  of  the  Flemish  artist  to  represent  these  two 
subjects  together.  It  would  be  interesting  to  learn  the  reason.  The 
writer  has  in  his  possession  a  pair  of  old  Flemish  silver  plates,  repre¬ 
senting  the  same  subjects. 

We  were  disappointed  not  to  find  in  this  exhibit  some  of  those 
beautiful  carpets  and  rugs  which  were  shown  in  the  Exposition  of 
1878,  and  especially  in  the  Indian  Court.  The  decision  of  the  British 
Government  to  take  no  official  part  in  the  Exposition  of  1889  was, 
no  doubt,  the  cause  of  the  poor  display  made  in  the  Indian  build¬ 
ing  and  in  the  History  of  Labor. 

Carpets,  we  are  told,  originated  as  embroidery,  and  were  first  used 
as  hangings.  They  are  noticed  in  this  connection  in  the  Pentateuch, 
in  the  description  of  the  furnishing  of  the  Tabernacle,  and  elsewhere. 
Carpets,  as  we  know  them,  undoubtedly  came  from  Persia.  They 
were  introduced  into  India  and  into  Europe  by  the  Saracens — hence 
called  “  sarracinois  ” — who  brought  them  from  Persia,  as  is  shown 
by  the  patterns  upon  them.  In  the  paintings  of  old  masters  we  see 
these  carpets  on  the  floors,  and  hung  from  the  windows.  These 
patterns  were  afterwards  imitated  in  the  carpets  known  as  e ‘Brussels.” 
Homer  mentions  carpets  in  the  Iliad,  and  under  the  Greek  name  of 
carpet,  tapeta. 

With  that  the  chiefs  beneath  his  roof  he  led, 

And  placed  in  seats  with  purple  carpets  spread. 

And  again  in  the  Odyssey, 

.  .  on  splendid  carpets  lay. 

Pliny  says: 

The  thick  flocky  wool  has  been  esteemed  for  the  manufacture  of  carpets  from 
the  earliest  times;  it  is  quite  clear  from  what  we  read  in  Homer,  they  were  in  use 
in  his  time. 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


153 


Carpet  manufacture  was  early  introduced  into  France,  and  carried 
thence  by  the  St.  Bartholomew  refugees  to  Switzerland  and  else¬ 
where.  We  noticed  in  this  exhibit  only  one  carpet,  a  “  sarracinois,” 
and  two  or  three  of  gilt  leather.  In  the  Persian  section  there  was 
a  display  of  rugs  and  carpets,  but  it  was  shrewdly  suspected  that 
they  were  mostly  manufactured  at  Kidderminster. 

MECHANICS. 

The  object  of  this  exhibit  was  a  modest  one,  and  well  it  might  be, 
for  the  subject  is  too  vast.  The  committee  wished  simply  to  show  by 
the  exhibits  the  different  progressive  steps  of  this  great  science, 
which  has  so  modified  the  conditions  of  life  in  modern  society. 
Levers,  pulleys,  water-wheels,  sails,  etc. ,  were  invented  at  a  very 
early  date,  but  the  theoretic  study  of  these  engines,  with  a  view  to 
their  improvement  and  development,  has  begun  but  lately. 

Among  the  most  interesting  exhibits  were  those  connected  with 
the  raising  of  water,  one  of  the  first  needs  of  civilized  man — wind¬ 
mills,  pumps,  chain-pumps  invented  by  the  Arabs,  Archimedes 
screw,  and  the  ram.  After  these  earlier  inventions  came  'hydraulic 
machines  to  utilize  the  power  of  running  water,  water-wheels,  in¬ 
cluding  turbines,  etc. 

As  wood  became  scarce,  it  became  necessary  to  use  coal,  and  the 
ingenuity  of  inventors  was  turned  to  the  means  of  keeping  mines 
free  from  water.  Water  columns  and  steam-pumps  came  into  use. 
The  French  engineer  who  had  charge  of  this  department  seemed  to 
think  that  with  these  inventions  the  problem  had  been  solved;  he 
did  not  seem  to  be  aware  that  at  great  depths  and  with  the  water 
very  hot,  the  steam-pump  is  not  enough.  In  California  and  Utah 
our  miners  have  been  compelled  to  tunnel  the  sides  of  the  moun¬ 
tains,  striking  the  mine  at  a  very  great  depth,  and  so  drawing  off 
the  water.  The  Sutro  tunnel  is  a  notable  example  of  this. 

This  exhibit  was  interesting,  but  was  necessarily  very  imperfect. 
Nothing  was  shown  of  electricity,  the  most  wonderful  discovery  per¬ 
haps  of  any  day. 

MINES  AND  METALLURGY. 

These  off ered  interest,  no  doubt,  to  miners  and  metallurgists,  but 
very  little  to  the  general  reader.  The  exhibit,  too,  was  very  imper¬ 
fect. 

CUTLERY. 

This  art  appears  to  have  reached  its  apogee  in  France  in  the  eighteenth 
century.  Since  that  date  the  necessity  for  cheapness,  and  the  use  of 
machinery,  have  led  to  a  falling  off  in  workmanship.  The  cutler  of 
the  eighteenth  century  made  the  whole  instrument  himself.  If  the 
handle  was  to  be  ornamented  with  precious  metals,  he  prepared  and 


154 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


chiseled  them.  The  forge  and  the  file  were  in  that  day  the  only  tools 
of  the  cutler. 

The  exhibit  was  exceedingly  interesting,  consisting  principally  of 
knives  and  forks,  scissors,  razors,  and  surgical  instruments.  A  small 
knife  was  exhibited  which  had  belonged  to  Marie  Antoinette ;  the 
blade  and  handle  are  both  encrusted  with  gold  and  mother-of-pearl. 
The  knife  was  without  spring.  Happily  it  was  under  repair  when 
the  Queen  was  arrested.  A  number  of  treatises  on  cutlery,  ancient 
and  modern,  were  also  exhibited. 

Tin  at  one  time  played  an  important  part  in  the  history  of  art. 
In  the  sixteenth  century  articles  of  considerable  beauty  were  made 
in  tin,  especially  in  Nuremberg.  A  tin  basin  was  exhibited  made  in 
France,  elaborate  and  in  very  good  taste.  The  tin  plates  made  in 
Nuremberg  in  the  seventeenth  century,  and  generally  stamped  with 
religious  subjects,  were  much  coarser.  Tin,  for  art  purposes,  if  it 
can  be  so  called,  is  now  used  principally  for  children’s  toys. 

GOLDSMITH,  JEWELER,  WATCHMAKER. 

The  exhibits  under  these  heads  were  full  and  admirable.  Work¬ 
shops  of  these  different  arts  were  reproduced,  all  of  the  eighteenth 
century,  when  these  trades  were  carried  to  their  highest  excellence 
in  France.  Our  attention  was  called  to  the  fact  that,  while  the  tools 
generally  remain  the  same,  the  use  of  gas  furnaces,  and  the  intro¬ 
duction  of  the  lathe  in  place  of  the  hammer,  have  revolutionized  the 
manufacture. 

TELEGRAPHY. 

France,  of  course,  claims  the  telegraph.  An  aerial  telegraph  in¬ 
vented  in  1794  is  the  foundation  of  this  claim ;  but  so  entirely  dif¬ 
ferent  is  it  from  the  telegraph  of  to-day  that  it  can  scarcely  be 
called  “its  source.”  It  could  not  work  at  night,  or  during  storms  or 
fogs.  In  our  day  it  may  be  seen  on  a  small  scale  at  any  railway  sta¬ 
tion.  Wires  or  cords  worked  a  wooden  bar  on  a  pole,  placing  it  in 
many  different  positions.  Powerful  telescopes  enabled  the  observer 
to  distinguish  these  positions  at  a  distance,  and  his  book  gave  him 
their  meaning.  He  then  transmitted  them  to  the  next  observer. 
Not  much  of  the  electric  wire  about  this. 

It  was  not  until  electricity  was  applied  to  telegraphing  that 
it  became  of  serious  value.  In  Scotland  in  1753  Marshall,  and  in 
Geneva  in  1774  Lesage,  experimented  with  electricity  in  connection 
with  the  telegraph.  But  an  insurmountable  difficulty  was  always 
found  in  the  weakness  of  the  electric  current.  In  1800  Volta  with 
his  battery  came  to  the  assistance  of  the  inventors,  while  the  dis¬ 
coveries  of  Faraday,  Arago,  and  others  prepared  the  way  for  the 
inventions  of  our  day.  Later,  in  1832  to  1843,  the  different  systems, 
and  above  all  that  of  Morse,  were  invented,  and  still  later  printed 
and  facsimile  telegrams. 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


155 


TELEPHONE. 

In  1876  the  telephone  was  invented  in  the  United  States  by  Bell. 
Every  year  sees  improvements  in  this  instrument.  Our  countrymen 
can  now  converse  between  Portland  and  Buffalo,  750  miles.  Edison 
is  reported  to  have  said  that  the  telephone  cannot  be  carried  for  any 
distance  under  water,  and  that  we  must  therefore  give  up  all  idea 
of  conversing  with  our  friends  in  Europe.  But  on  land  the  develop¬ 
ment  is  enormous.  There  are  170,000  miles  of  telephone  wire  in  the 
United  States,  and  1,055,000  conversations  are  carried  on  over  them 
daily.  There  are  more  than  300,000  telephones  in  use. 

Telephones  are  much  used  in  Switzerland.  People  talk  with  ease 
between  Geneva  and  Yevey,  Basle  and  Zurich,  etc.  You  engage 
your  room  now  at  your  hotel  by  telephone  and  not  by  letter,  thus 
settling  all  the  details  at  once  without  the  trouble  of  a  long  corre¬ 
spondence. 


SECTION  IV. 

TRANSPORTATION. 

One  of  the  causes  of  the  great  success  of  the  Exposition  of  1889 
was  undoubtedly  to  be  found  in  the  knowledge  and  skill  of  the  ex¬ 
perts  in  charge  of  it.  Take,  for  instance,  the  section  now  under  con¬ 
sideration.  Its  bureau  consisted  of  Mr.  Alfred  Picard,  inspector- 
general  of  roads  and  buildings  ;  Mr.  Maurice  Bixio,  president  of  the 
council  of  administration  of  the  “  Compagnie  Generate  des  Voitures,  a 
Paris,”  and  Mr.  Henry  Pereire,  superintendent  of  the  railroads  of  the 
south.  To  these  and  others  were  added  many  eminent  English  engi¬ 
neers,  representing  the  railroads,  steamships,  ship  canals,  etc.,  of 
Great  Britain.  With  such  a  board,  it  may  well  be  supposed  that 
this  grand  division  of  ‘  ‘  Means  of  Transportation  ”  was  thoroughly 
illustrated. 

Transportation  is  one  of  the  first  needs  of  man.  Without  it  we 
could  not  collect  raw  material,  exchange  products,  or  provide  means 
of  subsistence. 

We  begin  with  the  individual  animal.  He  transports  himself,  the 
food  he  needs,  or  the  articles  he  wishes  to  barter.  A  type  of  the  first 
means  of  transportation  is  to  be  found  even  in  our  day  in  the  heart 
of  Africa,  where  the  naked  negro  marches  day  after  day  carrying 
one  or  two  tusks  of  ivory  on  his  head. 

The  subject  naturally  divides  itself  into  two  heads,  the  road  and 
the  carrier.  Both  of  these  were  amply  illustrated,  from  the  scarcely 
traced  path  through  the  forest  to  the  modern  railroad,  from  man  to 
the  improved  locomotive  and  the  magnificent  transatlantic  steamer. 

The  history  of  road  transportation  was  divided  into  four  parts, 
land  roads,  river  and  sea  roads,  railroads,  and  air  roads.  On  the 
land  it  commenced  with  the  natural  path,  and  then  passed  to  the  path 
transformed  into  the  road.  It  included  the  methods  of  crossing  hills 


156 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


and  water-courses,  and  led  to  the  history  of  embankments,  drains, 
bridges,  and  tunnels. 

On  the  water  it  included  the  methods  employed  to  improve  river 
navigation  by  dikes  and  locks,  canals,  too,  with  towage.  On  the  sea 
it  included  the  compass,  charts,  buoys,  lighthouses,  and  natural  and 
artificial  roadsteads,  ports,  etc. 

The  history  of  the  railroad  included  the  study  of  the  different  forms 
of  substructure  and  superstructure,  signals  and  telegraphic  appa¬ 
ratus.  The  first  carrier  being  man,  with  him  in  this  capacity  were 
exhibited  shoes,  staffs,  poles,  cords,  rollers,  the  animals  he  pressed 
into  his  service,  and  rolling  or  sliding  vehicles. 

The  history  of  water  transportation  began  with  a  tree  trunk,  the 
raft,  the  canoe,  the  sail-boat,  and  finally  reached  the  steamer.  To 
supply  the  power  needed  for  transportation  the  exhibit  began  with 
man,  then  oars,  sails,  animals  for  towing,  steam,  compressed  air, 
and  electricity. 

The  history  of  sea  roads  included  all  kinds  of  ships,  and  the  changes 
in  their  construction  from  the  earliest  dates. 

The  history  of  railroads  was  shown  on  the  one  hand  by  stationary 
engines  contrasted  with  modern  locomotives,  and  on  the  other  by 
open  passenger  cars  contrasted  with  the  vestibule  train. 

Ballooning  was  shown  in  the  hot-air  balloon  and  in  the  gas  balloon, 
directed  by  steam  or  dynamo-eloctro  machines. 

The  reader  can  easily  judge  how  large,  complete,  and  interesting 
this  exhibit  must  have  been. 

A  rapid  mention  of  some  of  the  principal  objects  is  permissible. 

The  locomotives  constructed  by  Stevenson,  one  in  1825  and  the 
other,  called  the  “Rocket,”  in  1829,  very  small  and  rough-looking  as 
compared  with  the  present  American  locomotive,  much  like  a  young 
calf  alongside  of  a  bull.  A  carriage  built  for  the  Duke  of  Wellington 
in  1833,  and  the  carriage  of  Queen  Adelaide,  high  and  hung  on  C 
springs,  and  richly  painted.  Lighthouses,  beginning  with  the  sim¬ 
ple  bonfire  on  the  shore,  and  ending  with  the  latest  electric  light. 

Boats,  beginning  with  the  tree  trunk  hollowed  into  a  canoe,  and 
ending  with  the  superb  modern  steamer.  Locomotives  and  cars, 
from  their  origin  to  the  present  date.  Models  of  the  ancient  Roman 
roads — and  rough  enough  those  roads  must  have  been,  too,  judging 
from  the  specimens  which  survive.  A  model  of  the  Frith  of  Forth 
Bridge,  just  opened,  the  largest  bridge  in  the  world,  and  perhaps  the 
ugliest.  A  Japanese  litter  in  lacquer  and  gold,  and  the  palanquin 
of  an  elephant.  A  series  of  photographs  grouped  by  centuries,  be¬ 
ginning  three  thousand  years  before  Christ,  and  showing  all  the 
means  of  transport  which  could  be  learned  from  ancient  monuments 
and  manuscripts.  A  model  of  the  Pont  Pentiffrey  at  Metz,  built  in 
1340,  a  beautiful  ancient  bridge.  A  chaise-a-porteur ,  the  panels 
painted  by  Boucher;  Josephine’s  sleigh;  a  mosaic  of  Pompeii,  show¬ 
ing  a  noble  Roman’s  stable;  the  Lord  Mayor’s  carriages;  a  model  of 


HISTORY  OF  LABOR. 


157 


the  Great  Britain,  which  ran  between  Liverpool  and  New  York  in 
1841;  photographs  of  remarkable  bridges,  viaducts,  etc.,  in  France, 
England,  and  the  United  States;  and  among  others  that  of  the 
Brooklyn  Bridge,  of  the  Poughkeepsie  Bridge,  St.  Louis  Bridge, 
and  several  others ;  and  an  old  English  railway  ticket  in  bronze, 
1832.  As  regards  canals,  and  everything  connected  with  them,  and 
railways,  including  the  road,  the  locomotives,  and  the  cars,  the  En¬ 
glish  exhibit  was  the  most  perfect,  including  specimens  of  the  toothed 
rail  and  wheel,  made  at  a  time  when  their  engineers  assumed,  with¬ 
out  experiment,  that  the  adhesion  of  the  wheels  to  the  rail,  through 
the  weight  of  the  locomotive,  would  not  be  sufficient  to  move  the 
train. 


section  v. 

MILITARY  ARTS. 

The  last  Grand  Division  of  the  History  of  Labor  is  the  Military 
Arts.  Captain  Lyle,  U.  S.  Army,  of  the  Ordnance  Department  and 
aid-de-camp  to  the  Commissioner-General,  will  make  a  report  upon 
this  subject.  We  confine  ourselves,  therefore,  to  a  few  words  upon 
its  history. 

There  has  existed  for  some  time  at  the  Louvre  a  most  complete 
exhibit  of  the  navies  of  the  world  from  the  most  remote  times  to 
the  present,  the  best  probably  in  Europe.  It  was  not  thought  worth 
while  to  transfer  this  collection  to  the  Champ  de  Mars,  and  one 
exhibit  showed,  therefore,  the  history  of  land  forces  only.  It  was 
divided  into  twelve  chapters.  In  the  first  were  portraits  and  pic¬ 
tures,  commencing  with  the  Gaul  fighting  in  his  chariot,  and  com¬ 
ing  to  the  present  day ;  arms,  uniforms,  etc. ,  belonging  to  the 
distinguished  generals  of  France,  were  exhibited.  Then  followed 
the  history  of  arms  and  of  uniforms.  Chapter  II  showed  the  arms 
of  the  Middle  Ages.  Chapters  III  and  IY  were  devoted  to  the 
history  of  infantry  and  cavalry,  with  a  display  of  old  battle-flags, 
dear  to  the  patriotic  Frenchman.  Chapters  Y  and  YI  were  devoted 
to  the  scientific  branches  of  the  service,  artillery,  engineering,  etc. 
Chapter  YII  to  the  geographical  service.  Chapter  YIII  to  mili¬ 
tary  histories  and  treatises.  Chapter  IX  to  the  Belgian  Army. 
Chapter  X  to  the  armies  of  the  East  and  the  Far  East.  Chapter 
XI  to  the  history  of  farriery,  and  Chapter  XII  to  that  of  fencing. 
These  subjects  will  be  fully  and  completely  treated  by  Captain 
Lyle.  We  propose,  however,  to  say  a  few  words  upoil  farriery,  as 
a  subject  of  general  interest,  and  not  exclusively  military. 

FARRIERY. 

The  domestication  of  the  horse  antedates  our  era  some  five  or  six 
thousand  years.  He  came  from  Central  Asia,  and  entered  Europe 
in  the  successive  invasions  of  the  barbarians.  As  long  as  he  re- 


158 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


mained  in  Central  Asia,  lie  needed  no  protection  to  liis  foot;  bnt  as 
soon  as  lie  began  his  long  journeys  to  the  westward,  whether  it  was 
owing  to  longer  marches,  or  to  the  change  in  the  climate  and  soil, 
his  hoofs  began  to  give  out.  The  ancient  historians  tell  us  of  long 
delays  in  the  march  of  armies,  needed  to  allow  the  horses’  hoofs  to 
grow  out,  and  Xenophon,  Cato,  Yarro,  and  other  commanding  offi¬ 
cers,  were  compelled  to  issue  general  orders  for  the  proper  care  of  the 
horses’  hoofs. 

The  first  horseshoe  was  of  leather,  and  was  intended  for  the  cure 
rather  than  for  the  preservation  of  the  hoof — a  sort  of  boot-leg  and 
shoe  plaited  in  straw,  and  still  in  use  in  Japan.  They  were  used  by 
the  Romans,  and  called  hippo-sandals.  As  regards  the  iron  horse¬ 
shoe  fastened  by  nails,  of  the  present  day,  some  authors  think  that, 
though  not  known  to  the  ancient  Romans,  it  was  known  to  the  Ger¬ 
mans  and  Gauls;  but  the  better  authority  puts  this  invention  four 
or  five  centuries  after  the  birth  of  our  Saviour.  These  shoes  cer¬ 
tainly  existed  as  early  as  that  date,  for  the  writer  has  seen  them  in 
the  Museum  of  Hombourg-les-Bains.  They  were  dug  up  in  the  old 
Roman  camp  in  the  neighborhood  of  that  town.  This  camp  was 
taken  and  destroyed  by  the  Germans  about  the  date  mentioned.  It 
remained  undisturbed  for  centuries,  and  it  is  not  long  since  the  an¬ 
tiquarians  of  Frankfort  and  the  neighborhood  began  their  researches 
in  the  ruins.  They  have  been  amply  repaid  by  the  discovery  of  ar¬ 
ticles  of  bronze,  of  wood,  and  of  iron,  showing  not  only  the  Roman 
domestic  life  of  that  day,  but  also  the  entire  arrangement  of  a  large 
Roman  camp  intended  to  hold  a  garrison  of  half  a  legion,  or  five 
thousand  men.  Horseshoe  nails,  bits,  and  stirrups,  all  of  our  present 
forms,  were  also  found  there;  the  nails  were  shaped  like  a  T. 

In  the  Middle  Ages,  when  the  mail-clad  knight  was  wholly  depend¬ 
ent  upon  his  horse,  he  was  expected  to  know  how  to  shoe  him,  and 
so  highly  considered  was  the  art  in  those  days  that  blacksmiths  were 
dignitaries  of  the  court.  Solleysel  says  in  1664: 

We  have  seen  kings  who  knew  how  to  make  a  horseshoe,  and  there  are  few  peo¬ 
ple  of  quality  who  cannot  make  nails,  to  use  in  case  of  necessity. 

In  this  exhibit  were  seen  a  number  of  “ice-shoes,”  calks.  To  a 
French  inventor  is  due  the  idea  of  a  socket  which,  without  weaken¬ 
ing  the  shoe,  permits  a  calk  to  be  screwed  into  it. 

Among  the  exhibits  were  an  American  patent  shoe,  a  number  of 
hippo-sandals,  and  Gallo-Roman  shoes;  also  a  shoe  without  nails, 
sewed  on  to  Hie  hoof  with  wire. 

W e  are  indebted  to  the  well-arranged  and  exhaustive  catalogues  of 
the  “  Histoire  Retrospective  du  Travail”  for  most  of  the  information 
contained  in  this  article. 


WICKHAM  HOFFMAX. 


RETROSPECTIVE  EXPOSITION  OF  EABOR  AND 
ANTHROPOLOGY. 


GENERAL  REGULATIONS. 

Article  1.  The  Retrospective  Exposition  of  Labor  and  of  the 
Anthropological  Sciences  shall  be  international.  The  general  regu¬ 
lations  agreed  upon  by  the  Superior  Commission  on  Organization 
appointed  by  Article  3  of  the  ministerial  decree  of  October  12,  1887, 
and  approved  by  the  Minister  of  Commerce  and  Industry,  shall  be 
sent  to  all  the  departmental  committees  of  France  and  to  all  the 
foreign  national  committees. 

Art.  2.  This  Exposition  shall  be  held  in  the  grand  nave  of  the 
Palace  of  Liberal  Arts  on  the  Champ  de  Mars. 

The  administration  undertakes  the  expense  of  the  construction 
and  decoration  of  the  premises  necessary  for  this  Exposition. 

The  administration  may  also  undertake  the  expense  of  the  instal¬ 
lation  and  transportation  of  certain  articles  loaned  to  the  Exposition. 

Art.  3.  The  administration  shall  take  all  proper  precautions  to 
guard  the  articles  exhibited  against  theft  and  accidents  of  all  kinds  ; 
but  it  cannot  be  held  responsible  under  any  circumstances. 

Art.  4.  The  contractor  for  the  General  Catalogue  shall  be  required, 
in  accordance  with  Article  3  of  the  Schedule  of  Charges,  to  publish 
a  special  descriptive  catalogue  of  the  Retrospective  History  of  Labor 
and  of  the  Anthropological  Sciences. 

Art.  5.  The  articles  composing  the  Retrospective  Exposition  of 
Labor  and  of  the  Anthropological  Sciences  shall  be  divided  into 
distinct  groups  corresponding  to  the  five  sections  indicated  by  Article 
1  of  the  ministerial  decree  of  October  12,  1887,  i.  e.: 

Section  I.  Anthropological  and  Ethnographical  Sciences. 

Section  II.  Liberal  Arts. 

Section  III.  Arts  and  Trades. 

Section  IV.  Transportation. 

Section  V.  Military  Arts. 

Art.  6.  Each  committee  appointed  conformably  to  Article  2  of 
the  ministerial  decree  of  October  12,  1887,  shall  be  charged  with  the 
organization  of  the  section  for  which  it  was  appointed  conjointly 
with  the  Director-General  of  Management. 


159 


160 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Art.  7.  Tlie  Retrospective  Exposition  of  Labor  and  of  the  Anthro¬ 
pological  Sciences,  especially  in  so  far  as  Sections  II,  III,  and  IY  are 
concerned,  shall  include  the  processes  of  intellectual  labor  at  differ¬ 
ent  eras  of  the  world ;  ancient  apparatus  of  scientific  research  and 
of  practical  industry;  professional  or  common  apparatus,  machines 
and  means  of  transportations ;  old  mechanical  instruments  and  old 
tools  of  trades,  represented  by  the  originals,  by  restored  models,  by 
plastic  representations,  sketched  or  photographed  by  designs  taken 
from  monuments,  by  sigillography,  by  numismatics,  etc. 

Raw  material  and  manufactured  products,  artistic  or  commercial, 
can  be  exhibited  only  as  samples  or  as  characteristic  types,  conjointly 
with  the  apparatus,  machines,  or  tools  which  have  been  used  for  the 
collection,  extraction,  or  preparation  of  the  raw  material,  or  for  the 
technical  execution  of  the  manufactured  article. 

Art.  8.  The  Retrospective  Exposition  of  Labor  should,  as  a  gen¬ 
eral  rule,  contain  only  the  apparatus,  the  machines,  and  the  tools 
no  longer  in  use,  or  which  are  only  used  in  an  improved  form. 

Art.  9.  Ro  article  exhibited  shall  be  copied,  drawn,  or  repro¬ 
duced  under  any  form  whatever,  without  the  permission  of  the 
proprietor  or  of  the  exhibitor,  approved  by  the  Director-General  of 
Management. 

Art.  10.  The  general  programme  of  the  Retrospective  Exposition 
of  Labor  and  of  the  Anthropological  Sciences  is  briefly  as  follows : 

Section  I.— -Anthropology,  Ethnography. 

1.  Anthropology. 

Specimens  of  comparative  and  embryogenic  anatomy  relative  to 
man. <  Models  of  the  brain,  typical  skulls  and  skeletons,  or  in  place 
of  them,  casts. 

Prehistoric  skulls,  trepanned  skulls,  and  prehistoric  pathology. 

Casts  of  busts  and  typical  faces  (living).  Instruments  of  physical 
and  physiological  research.  Instruments  for  the  measurement  of 
skulls  and  of  man. 

Maps  of  the  distribution  of  races,  or  of  the  types  of  races.  Pho¬ 
tographs  of  skulls  and  of  ethnical  types.  Composite  photography. 

2.  Ethnography. 

Raw  material  and  specimens  representing  the  different  phases  of 
the  manufacture  of  primitive  instruments. 

Cutting,  polishing,  boring,  etc.,  of  stone.  Work  in  bone,  in  horn, 
etc.  Articles  relating  to  the  origin  of  the  practice  of  the  arts,  of 
drawing,  etc.  Primitive  ceramics. 

Views,  plans,  or  reduced  models  of  habitations,  of  funereal  monu¬ 
ments  of  ancient  times,  etc. 


LABOR  AND  ANTHROPOLOGY. 


161 


Casting  and  working  of  metals,  copper,  bronze,  iron.  Specimens 
of  molds  and  of  articles  in  melted  or  wrought  metal.  Founders’ 
stamps,  etc. 

Derivation  of  glass,  enamel,  etc.  Specimens  for  comparison  bor¬ 
rowed  from  living  savage  tribes;  means  of  obtaining  fire,  of  work¬ 
ing  in  stone,  in  bone,  in  wood,  in  clay,  etc.  Metallurgy  compared. 

3.  Archaeology. 

Articles  relating  to  the  history  of  labor  in  antiquity;  Egypt,  As¬ 
syria,  Phoenicia,  Greece,  the  Roman  Empire  (especially  Gaul) ,  the 
Far  East,  the  New  World. 

Reduced  models,  plans,  etc.,  of  typical  constructions — sculptures 
and  paintings  (originals  or  copies),  reproducing  the  manual  occupa¬ 
tions  ;  scientific  apparatus  and  material  of  tlie  industrial  arts  (as  far 
as  the  reign  of  Charlemagne) ;  specimens  representing  different  phases 
of  manufacture ;  collections  of  typical  manufactured  products. 

Section  II. — Liberal  Arts 

1.  Sciences. 

Astronomy,  instruments,  zodiacs,  sun-dials,  gnomons, water-clocks, 
astrolobes,  armillaries,  celestial  globes,  telescopes,  quadrants,  astro¬ 
nomical  literature.  Reconstruction  of  models  of  observatories, 
Chinese,  Hindoo,  Egyptian,  of  Ulugh -beg,  of  Uranenburg,  first  ob¬ 
servatory  of  Paris,  second  observatory  of  Paris. 

Geodosy. — Instruments  and- apparatus  of  geodesic  stations. 

Meteorology. — Instruments  and  apparatus  of  meteorological  sta¬ 
tions. 

Physics. — Instruments. 

Chemistry . — Instruments.  Reconstruction  of  models.  Alchem¬ 
ist’s  laboratory.  Chemist’s  laboratory.  Cabinet  of  physics,  surgery, 
and  physiology.  Instruments. 

2.  Manuscripts 

Printing,  books,  newspapers,  manuscripts.  Tools  employed,  mate¬ 
rial  employed,  specimens  of  tablets,  of  papyrus,  of  parchments,  etc. 

Printing. — Letters,  presses. 

Boohs. — Specimens  of  paper,  binding  tools,  specimens  of  books 
(printing,  binding,  and  size  and  shape). 

Newspapers  and  hand-hills. — Specimens  of  newspapers  and  hand¬ 
bills,  plain  or  illustrated;  special  presses  for  newspapers,  reconstruc¬ 
tion  of  models,  a  printing  office,  a  book-store  of  the  sixteenth  century. 

3.  Instruction. 

Specimens  of  articles  and  furniture  used  in  teaching,  according  to 
the  age  and  country;  reconstruction  of  models;  classes  and  libraries. 

H.  Ex.  410 - 11 


162 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


4.  Music  and  theatre. 

Music. — Instruments  of  music;  musical  works  in  relation  to  their 
execution;  manuscripts;  types  of  scores;  partitions  and  orchestral 
parts. 

Theatre. — The  salle,  views  and  plans;  decoration,  designs,  machines, 
lighting,  costume,  masks;  theatre  hills,  journals,  programmes, 
tickets,  collection  of  models. 

5.  Arts  of  design. 

Architecture. — Illustrated  documents  and  models  representing  the 
different  styles  of  building.  Typical  reproductions  of  architecture, 
according  to  styles  and  periods  since  Charlemagne. 

Painting. — Illustrated  documents  representing  a  painter’s  studio; 
types  of  the  different  models  of  painting;  antique  painting;  mosaic; 
illumination  of  manuscripts;  frescoes;  painting  in  oil,  in  wax;  artis¬ 
tic  painting  on  glass  and  on  metals,  etc. 

Sculpture. — Illustrated  documents  representing  workshops;  speci¬ 
mens  of  artistic  sculpture  in  stone,  in  marble,  in  parti-colored  marble, 
in  bronze,  in  other  metals,  wood,  clay,  etc. ;  use  of  clay,  wax,  and 
plaster;  specimens  of  artistic  castings  in  sand  and  in  wax. 

Artistic  medals  and  precious  stones. — A  series  of  special  tools  for 
the  different  processes  of  stamping  and  of  engraving;  specimens  of 
the  results  obtained  with  these  tools. 

Engraving. — A  series  of  plates  and  tools.  Specimens  of  the  re¬ 
sults  obtained  by  the  different  processes. 

Lithography  and  chromo-lithography . — Plates,  tools,  presses,  speci¬ 
mens  of  the  results  obtained  by  the  different  processes. 

Section  III. — Arts  and  Trades. 

1.  Arts  and  trades  for  the  application  of  forces. 

NATURAL  FORCES  DIRECTLY  APPLICABLE. 

(1)  Man. — Primitive  dynamic  apparatus;  hand  tools. 

(2)  Animals. — Machines  for  hoisting;  horse-power,  wheels. 

(3)  Air. — Sails,  windmills,  tubes,  bellows,  pumps. 

(4)  Water. — Reservoirs,  water-scales,  various  hydraulic  wheels, 
turbines,  water  columns. 

DIFFERENT  TRANSFORMATIONS  OF  ENERGY. 

Apparatus  to  use  directly  or  indirectly  one  of  its  forms. 

(1)  Heat. — Different  machines;  fire,  hot  air,  steam. 

(2)  Lights. — Mirrors,  lenses,  daguerreotyping,  photographing. 

(3)  Electricity. — Piles,  electric  machines;  ancient  electrical  appa¬ 
ratus. 


LABOR  AND  ANTHROPOLOGY. 


163 


2.  Arts  and  trades  for  the  collection  and  extraction  of  raw  material . 

SEARCH  FOR  RAW  MATERIAL. 

(1)  Hunting  and  fishing. — Material  and  tools;  snares,  traps,  arms; 
auxiliary  animals;  methods  of  hunting  and  of  fishing,  both  river 
and  sea;  preserves,  fish-ponds,  etc.  Sponge  fishing.  Coral  fishing. 

EXTRACTION  AND  PREPARATION  OF  MINERALS. 

(1)  Search  for  minerals. — The  magic  ring,  the  compass,  boring. 

(2)  Extraction  of  minerals  and  of  mineral  matter  other  than 
metals. — Gaseous,  solid,  and  liquid  products  ;  metals  ;  mineral  mat¬ 
ter  (salt,  sulphur,  'petroleum);  chemical  products;  ores  used,  ma¬ 
terial,  tools,  processes. 

COLLECTION  AND  PREPARATION  OF  RAW  MATERIAL  NOT  MINERAL. 

%  Processes  for  the  cultivation  of  the  soil;  horticulture,  arboricult¬ 
ure,  viticulture;  picking  and  gathering  the  products  of  the  soil;  for¬ 
estry;  tools  and  agricultural  inqDlements  for  the  preparation  of  raw 
material. 

3.  Arts  and  trades  for  the  working  and  transportation  of  raw 

material. 

ALIMENTARY  MATERIALS. 

Preservation  of  food,  milk,  meat,  fish;  processes  for  the  prepa¬ 
ration  of  agricultural  products;  manufacture  of  alimentary  matter, 
of  vegetable  or  animal  origin. 

WOOD. 

(1)  Building  woods. — (a)  Natural  wood:  Material  and  tools  for 
the  preparatory  work  in  wood,  (b)  Painted  wood:  Coloring  matter 
employed;  material  and  tools. 

(2)  Wood  for  furniture. — Natural  woods,  prepared  woods:  Ma¬ 
terial,  tools,  processes  for  artistic  carpentry,  sculpture  in  wood, 
cabinet  making,  veneering,  toy-making,  basket-making;  manufact¬ 
ure  of  musical  instruments. 

NATURAL  AND  ARTIFICIAL  STONE. 

(1)  Natural  stone.  Material,  tools,  processes  for  sawing,  cutting, 
and  carving  selected  stones;  stone  for  ornament  and  for  building. 

(2)  Artificial  stone. — (a)  Unbaked  stone:  Material,  tools,  process 
for  the  manufacture  of  concrete,  plaster  and  cements.  ( b )  Burned 
stone:  Material,  tools,  and  processes  for  the  manufacture  of  lime 
and  cements,  (c)  Stone  variously  prepared:  Processes  for  harden¬ 
ing  stone,  stucco,  etc.  (d)  Grouped  stones;  mosaics. 


164 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


BAKED  CLAYS,  CERAMICS,  AND  GLASS. 

(1)  Baked  clays  for  trade. — Material,  tools,  processes  for  the  man¬ 
ufacture  of  brick,  paving  brick,  tiles,  pipes. 

(2)  Ceramics  of  different  clays ,  stoneware,  crockery,  porcelain. — 
Material,  tools,  brick,  paving  brick  and  tile  decorated  or  enameled; 
pottery  of  all  kinds;  table  and  toilette  services,  decorative  pieces. 

(3)  Glass  and  crystal.  — Material  and  tools  for  manufacturing, 
decorating,  cutting,  and  engraving ;  goblets,  wine-glasses,  spun- 
glass,  pearls,  imitations  of  precious  stones,  mirrors,  chandeliers,  win¬ 
dow-panes. 

(4)  Enamel  and  enameling. — Material  and  tools  for  the  manufact¬ 
ure  of  enamels  engraved  and  cloisonnes;  enameled  lava;  enameled 
castings. 

(5)  Mosaics  in  glass  and  enamel. — Material  and  tools  for  the  man¬ 
ufacture  of  mosaics  in  glass  and  enamel. 

METALS. 

(1)  Preliminary  work. — Material  and  tools  for  raising,  preparing, 
cleaning,  drawing,  piercing,  and  stamping. 

(2)  Finishing. — Material  and  tools;  (a)  for  work  in  fine  metals; 
goldsmith’s  work  in  all  metals;  jewelry,  real  or  imitation;  ( b )  work  in 
cast  metals;  cast-iron  decorative  or  industrial,  locks,  sporting  arms, 
brass  work,  tin,  hardware,  ornaments,  cast  or  stamped  for  the  dec¬ 
oration  of  buildings,  bronzes  for  furniture.  Machinery  and  tools 
for  the  manufacture  of  clocks  and  instruments  of  precision;  clocks- 
and  watches. 

(3)  Arts  and  trades  akin  to  work  in  metals. — Trade  moldings; 
plajn  castings,  in  wax,  hollow;  electro-plating;  decoration  of  metals, 
engraving,  flat,  or  repousse,  chiseling;  enameling,  damascening, 
gilding,  silvering,  nickeling,  tinning. 

TEXTILE  MATERIALS. 

Wool,  hemp,  silk,  cotton,  jute,  ramie,  material  and  tools  for  comb¬ 
ing,  stripping,  etc.,  spinning,  milling,  twisting,  weaving,  bleaching 
and  dressing,  dyeing,  printing,  ropemaking. 

PAPER. 

Material  and  tools  for  the  manufacture  of  coarse  paper,  fine  paper, 
decorated  paper,  illustrated  paper,  painted  paper. 

ANIMAL  SPOILS. 

Material  and  tools  for  the  manufacture  and  utilization  of  skins, 
furs,  horsehair,  hair,  feathers,  horns,  whalebone,  bone,  ivory,  tor¬ 
toise-shell,  catgut. 


LABOR  AND  ANTHROPOLOGY. 


165 


4.  Arts  and  trades  necessary  to  individual  life  and  to  life  in 

communities. 

CLOTHING. 

Material  and  tools  for  the  manufacture  of  costumes;  linen  gar¬ 
ments,  shoes,  gloves,  hats;  civil  costume,  military,  ecclesiastical. 
Care  of  clothes;  washing,  scouring,  ironing,  blacking.  Care  and 
ornamentation  of  the  person;  hygiene,  toilette,  hair-dressing,  etc. 

BUILDING. 

Tools  and  material  ;  grading,  masonry,  scaffolding,  roofing,  car¬ 
pentry,  locks,  painting,  and  glazing ;  temporary,  portable,  and  per¬ 
manent  habitations. 

HEATING. 

Tools  and  materials,  heating,  buildings. 

LIGHTING. 

Lighting  by  independent  or  by  distributing  apparatus. 

PREPARATIONS  OF  FOOD. 

Apparatus  employed  in  the  kitchen,  furnaces,  turn-spits,  cooking 
utensils. 

INTERVENTION  OF  THE  ART  OF  THE  ENGINEER  FOR  THE  SATISFACTION  OF  THE 

WANTS  OF  MAN  LIVING  IN  COMMUNITIES. 

Ventilation  of  workshops,  of  habitations;  feeding  cities,  reser¬ 
voirs,  aqueducts;  removal  of  refuse;  canalization,  sewers;  hygiene; 
posts  and  telegraphs. 

Section  IV. — Transportation. 

1.  Transportation  by  land. 

The  road. — All  that  represents  the  transformation  of  the  way  serv¬ 
ing  for  transportation,  from  the  natural  path  to  the  perfected  road, 
comprising  consequently  every  species  of  road,  as  well  as  bridges, 
viaducts,  tunnels,  etc.,  from  the  beginning  of  the  world. 

The  carrier. — All  that  represents  transportation  by  man,  with  or 
without  machines;  transportation  by  hand,  or  on  the  backs  of  man 
or  of  animals;  transportation  by  vehicles  drawn  by  man  or  animals. 

2.  Transportation  by  river  or  sea. 

Means  employed  to  utilize  navigable  water  courses;  canals;  mari¬ 
time  ports.  Lighting  and  buoying  the  coasts;  boats  employed  on 
water-courses  and  at  sea. 


166 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


3.  Transportation  by  railway. 

The  road;  signals  and  safety  apparatus.  Motors,  rolling  stock, 
accessory  plant. 

4.  Transportation  in  the  air. 

Balloons,  cars,  and  rigging;  processes  of  ballooning ;  special  in¬ 
struments. 

Section  V.—  Military  ^jrts. 

1.  Miscellaneous. 

Historical  articles;  articles  having  belonged  to  warriors  or  to  his¬ 
toric  personages ;  divers  arms,  historical,  artistic,  or  curious,  prior 
to  the  eighteenth  century;  standards  and  flags  prior  to  the  eighteenth 
century;  portraits  of  distinguished  warriors. 

2.  Artillery. 

Articles  of  ornament  and  of  equipment;  reproduction  of  paintings, 
engravings,  and  designs  of  costumes,  and  of  scenes  relating  to  arms; 
reduced  models  of  machines  of  war,  of  guns  and  carriages ;  models 
of  bridges,  of  boats,  and  of  trestles;  pictures  and  portraits. 

3.  Engineering. 

Models  of  the  attack  and  defense  of  fortified  places.  Plans  in 
relief;  models  of  sapping  and  mining  works;  series  of  tools,  pictures, 
and  portraits;  illustrated  history  of  the  uniform  of  this  army. 

4.  Infantry. 

Illustrated  history  of  the  regiment,  pictures  representing  the 
exploits  of  this  corps  ;  history  of  uniforms  by  regiments;  history  of 
flags  and  colors ;  history  of  models  of  portable  arms ;  history  of 
articles  of  arms  and  equipment;  history  of  instruments  of  music; 
fencing,  military  school. 

5.  Cavalry. 

Illustrated  history  of  this  corps ;  pictures  of  feats  of  arms  ;  equip¬ 
ment,  trappings,  iron  work,  arms,  sabres,  lances,  cuirasses ;  history 
of  standards,  carrousels,  tournaments,  equitation ;  school  of  cavalry ; 
gendarmery. 

6.  Administrative  services  of  health ,  and  of  powder  and  saltpeter. 

Instruments  for  the  manufacture  of  powder;  commissary  wagons 
and  ambulances;  series  of  uniforms  of  the  commissariat  and  of  the 
hospitals;  surgery;  portraits. 


LABOR  AND  ANTHROPOLOGY. 


167 


7.  Staff. 

Portraits ;  series  of  uniforms  of  general  officers  and  of  the  staff ; 
series  of  apparatus  of  the  military  sciences ;  castrametation,  topog¬ 
raphy,  plans,  maps,  works  of  strategy  and  of  tactics ;  general  bibli¬ 
ography  (the  bibliography  relating  to  each  arm  will  be  found  in  the 
section  to  which  the  arm  belongs). 

The  present  regulations  were  adopted  by  the  Superior  Commission 
on  the  organization  of  the  Retrospective  Exposition  of  Labor  and 
of  the  Anthropological  Sciences,  March  29,  1888. 

G.  BERGER, 

Director-General  of  Management. 


Paris ,  March  30,  1888. 


THE  RIGGS  COLLECTION  OF  ANCIENT  ARMOR. 


Paris,  164  Boulevard  Montparnasse, 

January  13,  1890. 

My  dear  General:  I  take  pleasure  in  acknowledging  the  receipt 
of  your  letter  of  the  31st  ultimo,  and  in  sending  you  a  brief  synopsis 
of  the  Biggs  collection  of  arms  and  armor,  with  two  collateral  pub¬ 
lications  that  will  enable  you  to  convey  some  idea  of  its  character 
and  worth  to  the  country,  in  your  report  on  the  late  French  Grand 
Exposition. 

This  collection  numbers  between  four  thousand  and  five  thousand 
pieces,  consisting  of  complete  suits  of  armor,  and  parts  of  armor  of 
every  kind,  employed  for  the  protection  of  man  and  horse  in  warfare 
and  in  other  combats,  from  the  beginning  of  the  mediaeval  period 
down  to  the  end  of  the  seventeenth  century;  also  specimens  of  all 
sorts  of  weapons  and  of  implements  connected  with  military  service 
during  the  same  period.  Its  contents  may  be  classified  as  follows  : 

One  hundred  complete  suits  and  half-suits  of  armor  used  in  war, 
tournaments,  carrousels,  tiltings,  and  official  parades,  exhibiting 
every  phase  of  elegant  ornamentation  peculiar  to  these  objects  in 
time  and  place. 

Fifty  specimens  of  chain-mail,  worn  before  the  adoption  of  plate 
armor. 

Two  complete  panoplies  for  man  and  horse,  one  of  which  is  dis¬ 
played  on  models  duly  caparisoned. 

Four  brigandines,  very  rare. 

Sixty  bucklers,  many  of  them  richly  embossed  and  decorated  in 
the  highest  style  of  mediaeval  and  renaissance  art. 

Two  hundred  helmets  or  casques,  in  every  form,  and  of  every 
style  of  ornamentation,  from  the  Norman  period  down. 

Five  hundred  swords,  of  great  variety  of  hilt  and  blade,  serving 
every  purpose,  and  of  different  epochs  and  countries. 

Twenty  two-handed  swords. 

A  series  of  daggers. 

Seven  series  of  gauntlets. 

Six  hundred  halberds  and  lances,  belonging  to  every  country  and 
of  every  shape. 

A  series  of  maces,  hammers,  and  battle-axes. 


169 


170 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


A  complete  series  of  bits,  stirrups,  and  spears. 

Two  hundred  specimens  of  fire-arms,  including  pistols,  arquebuses, 
and  other  instruments  for  projectiles,  from  the  fifteenth  to  the  end 
of  the  seventeenth  century,  richly  decorated  and  of  various  styles 
and  designs. 

Banners,  flags,  and  pennons. 

A  large  series  of  detached  pieces  of  armor,  embracing  gauntlets, 
lancerondals,  spauldrons  or  shoulder-pieces,  leg  armor,  and  other 
parts. 

This  brief  synopsis  suggests  the  archaeological  and  technical  im¬ 
portance  of  the  collection;  its  artistic  importance  can  be  estimated 
only  by  actual  examination  of  it.  Apart  from  the  value  of  the  col¬ 
lection  from  this  point  of  view,  it  contains  several  unique  historical 
pieces  of  special  interest,  of  which  the  following  are  the  principal: 

A  suit  of  armor,  embossed  and  damascened,  belonging  to  the 
famous  Duke  of  Alva,  conspicuous  in  the  history  of  the  Netherlands 
and  of  Spain,  and  which  has  been  estimated  by  good  authority  as 
worth  100,000  francs. 

A  suit  of  armor,  said  to  have  belonged  to  Henry  IY  of  France, 
ornamented  in  large  niello  style,  bearing  the  marks  of  manufacture 
for  royalty,  and  portrayed  in  one  of  the  well-known  portraits  of  this 
monarch. 

A  suit  of  armor,  bearing  the  arms  of  Lorenzo  de  Medici,  elabo¬ 
rately  engraved  and  gilt. 

An  equestrian  figure  in  full  panoply,  representing  the  Grand  Duke 
Colonna,  Due  de  Polliano  et  Jagliacozzo,  grand  constable  of  the 
kingdom  of  Naples  in  the  sixteenth  century. 

A  Venetian  suit  of  armor,  belonging  to  Admiral  Minella;  others 
belonging  respectively  to  Baron  Preussing,  Count  de  Freyberg,  and 
to  nobles  of  the  time  of  Maximilian,  in  Germany,  all  remarkable  for 
their  decoration,  and  of  corresponding  value. 

Of  the  swords,  one  is  said,  through  family  tradition,  to  have  been 
presented  to  the  Constable  Montmorency  by  Francis  I.  It  is  a  model 
of  elegant  renaissance  art  and  is  the  work  of  Petit,  a  pupil  of  Ben¬ 
venuto  Cellini.  It  has  been  valued  at  50,000  francs.  Another  sword 
belongs  to  Leo  X,  and  bears  his  name  and  title  engraved  on  the 
blade.  Another  indicates  its  ownership  by  a  member  of  the  Ximenes 
family,  and  another  as  belonging  to  Malatesta,  Lord  of  Rimini. 
Several  other  swords  are  known  to  have  belonged  to  Henry  II, 
Henry  IY,  and  Louis  XIII  of  France,  and  many  more  to  kings  of  the 
Spanish  dynasty.  The  collection  contains  a  series  of  the  swords  of 
justice,  used  at  executions,  some  of  them  bearing  German  inscrip¬ 
tions  engraved  on  their  blades,  as  for  instance  “  Watch  and  be  wary 
of  one  who  will  do  you  injury.”  A  series  of  rare  Toledo  rapiers  must 
not  be  omitted,  many  of  these  having  been  made  for  kings  of  Spain, 
and  illustrative  of  the  tempering  of  these  famous  instruments. 


RIGGS  COLLECTION. 


171 


Of  the  bucklers,  several  are  of  finest  workmanship  and  design, 
including  an  example  of  the  genius  of  the  brothers  Negroli,  worked 
out  in  high  relief,  exquisite  in  artistic  treatment,  admirable  in  com¬ 
position,  enriched  with  damascenery  and  gilding,  which  may  be  con¬ 
sidered  priceless. 

One  of  the  brigandines,  a  species  of  armor  formed  of  steel  scales 
attached  to  green  velvet,  with  an  inner  lining  of  chain  armor,  be¬ 
longed  to  Amadeus  VI,  Count  of  Savoy,  ancestor  of  Victor  Emman¬ 
uel.  The  present  King  of  Italy  lately  bought,  it  is  said,  a  similar 
relic  of  the  time  for  14,000  francs,  much  inferior  to  this  in  condition. 

Among  the  gauntlets  are  pairs  belonging  respectively  to  Henry 
VIII  of  England  and  Philip  II  of  Spain. 

In  pistols  and  arms  of  this  category  there  are  pairs  once  belonging 
to  Henry  II  of  France;  also  arquebuses  serving  as  models  of  ivory 
incrustation,  of  priceless  value.  Among  the  stirrups  one  pair  bears 
the  monogram  of  Diana  de  Poitiers.  Other  pieces  of  nearly  equal 
importance  are  too  numerous  to  mention.  The  catalogue  of  this  col¬ 
lection  still  remains  unfinished.  J  udging  by  what  I  have  seen  of  it, 
projected  on  a  large  scale,  it  will  take  time  to  complete  it,  and  when 
done  it  will  form  a  volume  of  considerable  size. 

I  have  to  add  that  Mr.  Riggs  intends  to  present,  along  with  his 
collection  of  arms  and  armor,  a  fine  collection  of  stained  glass  con¬ 
taining  many  rare  specimens.  The  value  of  the  Riggs  collection 

may  be  stated  in  round  numbers  at  $1,000,000. 

❖  ❖  * 


Very  truly, 

General  Wm.  B.  Franklin, 

Commissioner-  General. 


J.  DURAND. 


Official  Journal  of  the  French  Republic,  December  11,  1889. 

[The  room  devoted  to  the  collection  of  Mr.  Riggs.] 

ARMOR  FOR  MAN  AND  HORSE. — ARMOR  OF  THE  DUKE  OF  ALVA. — LEG  ARMOR  OF 
THE  FOURTEENTH  CENTURY. —CASQUE  OF  THE  VISCONTIS. — CASQUE  fBOURGUIG- 
NOTTE)  OF  DUKE  FERDINAND  OF  TYROL. — BUCKLER  AND  CASQUE  OF  THE  ROSMINIS 
OF  UDINA. — SWORD  SAID  TO  HAVE  BELONGED  TO  FRANCIS  I. — RAPIER  OF  THE 
XIMENES.— PROBABLE  DEPARTURE  OF  THE  COLLECTION  FOR  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

The  second  room,  devoted  to  ancient  arms  and  arms  of  luxury,  is  that  which 
contains  the  valuable  collection  of  Mr.  Riggs.  This  amateur  had  already  exhibited 
a  collection  of  arms  at  the  Palace  of  the  Trocadero  in  1878,  which  specially  attracted 
the  attention  of  visitors.  A  whole  room,  and  one  of  the  largest  of  the  Palace  of 
the  Ministry  of  War,  does  not  suffice  to  hold  all  the  riches  of  this  large  collection. 
In  fact,  we  have  under  our  eyes  only  about  three-fifths  of  the  collection  of  Mr. 
Riggs.  We  shall  not  speak  of  the  continued  efforts  it  has  cost  this  amateur  to  col¬ 
lect  so  great  a  number  of  rare  arms  and  suits  of  armor,  nor  of  the  immense  money 
value  it  represents;  all  the  world  understands  this.  But  what  one  realizes  less  is 


172 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


the  trouble,  the  labor,  which  an  exhibition  of  this  kind  involves,  to  have  it  properly 
prepared  by  skilled  workmen,  to  classify  it,  label  it,  etc.  Hundreds  of  pieces  re¬ 
quire  unintermitted  work  for  many  months.  Mr.  Riggs  is  entitled,  then,  to  the 
thanks  of  all  who  have  visited  his  exhibit,  and  they  are  numerous.  Among  the 
many  tasks  which  the  installation  of  this  room  imposed,  we  have  intentionally 
omitted  to  speak  of  the  preparation  of  a  catalogue.  This  is  because,  unfortunately, 
from  circumstances  beyond  his  contro  ,  Mr.  Riggs  was  unable  to  realize  this  desid¬ 
eratum.  Therefore,  in  calling  attention  to  some  of  the  most  interesting  articles, 
we  shall  give  a  little  more  detailed  description  than  we  have  done  in  the  preceding 
room.  We  begin  our  list  with  the  armor,  and  we  shall  continue  it  with  the  casques, 
bucklers,  etc.  We  shall  call  attention  only  to  three  or  four  of  the  rarer  types  of 
these  series. 

In  the  middle  of  the  room  was  a  beautiful  suit  of  armor,  both  of  parade  and 
service,  for  man  and  horse.  This  suit  belonged  to  the  Grand  Duke  Marie-Antoine 
de  Colonna,  Duke  of  Polliano  and  Jagliacozzo,  Grand  Constable  of  the  Kingdom 
of  Naples  in  the  sixteenth  century.  It  is  engraved  in  arabesques  of  flowers  and 
cartouches  of  Roman  emperors,  and  bears  on  every  piece  the  arms  of  the  Colonnas, 
as  well  as  the  Grand  Constable’s  truncheon.  The  horse’s  armor  consists  of  a  hog- 
backed  crupper,  of  a  jointed  breast-plate,  of  flank  pieces,  of  a  service  saddle  with 
ornaments  in  colors  of  the  Colonnas,  stirrups  of  iron  plated  with  copper  and  cov¬ 
ered  with  a  lining  of  sole-leather,  and  a  spiked  chanfrin  (head-piece)  with  its  bar  be 
of  horsehair,  and  lastly  of  a  bridle  with  a  bit  with  long  branches  and  reins  covered 
with  plates  of  chased  steel.  This  valuable  historic  suit  of  armor  is  completed  by 
an  emblazoned  shield.  It  was  found  by  Prince  Soltikoff  in  the  town  hall  of  Botzen, 
in  the  Tyrol,  and  was  formerly  a  part  of  the  Ambras  collection. 

In  one  of  the  central  glass  cases  were  placed  the  two  following  suits  of  half- 
. armor:  (1)  A  suit  of  half -armor  repousse,  chased  and  damascened  in  gold  and 
silver,  having  belonged  to  Alvarez  de  Toledo,  Duke  of  Alva,  Governor  of  the  Low 
Countries.  This  suit  of  armor,  the  work  of  the  celebrated  artist  Giulio  Piccimino, 
■and  given  to  the  Duke  of  Alva  by  Philip  II  of  Spain,  was  saved  from  the  fire  of 
the  Chateau  of  Lemos.  (2)  An  Italian  suit  of  half -armor  of  the  first  half  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  chased  and  gilt  all  over  in  imitation  of  stuffs  of  that  period.  A 
portrait  of  Lorenzo  de  Medici  in  the  Pitti  Palace  represents  him  wearing  this 
armor. 

A  large  glass  case  contained  other  suits  of  half-armor  ;  one  which  is  said  to  have 
belonged  to  Henry  IV  ;  another  repousse  in  white  and  black  ground,  ornamented 
with  flowers  and  leaves  (an  engraving  in  the  ‘"Cabinet  of  Prints”  represents 
Henry  IV  wearing  this  armor) ;  two  German  suits  of  armor  (called  Gothic)  of  the  fif¬ 
teenth  century,  in  polished  iron,  ornamented  with  heavy  flutings,  partly  open  work 
(the  helmet,  with  long  neck-pieces,  is  forged  in  a  single  piece,  and  the  gauntlets  are 
furnished  with  points) ;  a  German  service-suit  of  armor  of  the  first  half  of  the  six¬ 
teenth  century,  of  polished  steel  set  in  black,  with  two  blazoned  chanfrins,  came 
from  the  Chateau  of  Hohenaschan  in  Bavaria,  and  belonged  to  the  Count  of  Frei¬ 
berg,  commanding  the  Bavarian  forces  ;  two  suits  of  fluted  half-armor  of  the  time 
of  Maximilian  I,  bearing  the  stamp  of  the  Nuremburg  manufactory.  A  piece  very 
interesting  in  an  archaeological  point  of  view,  for  it  shows  the  transition  from 
chain  to  plate  armor,  is  a  greave  (leg-piece),  probably  French,  of  the  last  years  of 
the  fourteenth  century.  The  plates  of  the  cuisses  (thigh-pieces)  are  fastened  together 
by  heavy  mailles  (iron  rings).  The  poulaine  (shoe)  is  fastened  to  the  greave  by  a 
turning  rivet,  and  its  end  can  be  raised  by  a  chain  fastened  to  the  knee-piece. 

Two  large  wall  glass  cases  of  more  than  six  metres  in  length  (about  six  yards  and 
a  half)  contained,  on  the  shelves,  one  above  the  other,  a  whole  series  of  casques 
arranged  in  chronological  order.  Other  casques,  and  the  most  beautiful,  were 
placed  in  the  central  glass  cases.  A  spur  casque  (morion),  gilt  on  both  sides,  with 


RIGGS  COLLECTION. 


m 


the  same  subject  richly  repousse,  gilt  and  damascened.  An  Italian  casque  of  the 
sixteenth  century,  of  heroic  (shape,  with  indented  crest;  the  sides  are  ornamented 
with  fleurs-de-lis,  from  which  spring  boughs  with  branches  in  leaf,  and  in  front  the 
serpents  of  the  Visconti.  An  Italian  casque  (bourguignotte)  with  high  crest,  of  the 
sixteenth  century  ;  the  comb  ( peigne )  is  ornamented  with  medallions  of  warriors 
resting,  and  sea-horses  repousses,  cut  and  embossed  on  a  gilt  ground;  the  umbril 
(modern  visor)  and  neck-guard  are  decorated  with  chased  fillets  and  gilt  masks  of 
the  period,  fine  Milanese  work.  A  German  casque  ( bourguignotte )  of  the  Grand 
Duke  Ferdinand  of  Tyrol,  afterwards  Emperor  of  Germany,  entirely  covered  with 
fillets  chased  in  relief  and  gilt,  bearing  the  initials  of  the  Duke,  and  the  crown 
and  eagles  of  the  Tyrol.  The  rest  of  this  suit  of  armor  is  preserved  at  Vienna. 

In  the  celebrated  Ambras  collection,  an  Italian  full-dress  casque  ( bourguignotte ) 
of  the  sixteenth  century,  ornamented  with  gilt  chasings  in  imitation  of  the  brocade 
of  that  period,  and  bearing  a  crest  in  form  of  gilt  and  repou.se  foliage;  this  piece 
formed  part  of  a  suit  of  armor  belonging  to  the  Medicis,  who  own  the  collection. 
A  Spanish  service  casque  ( armet )  of  the  sixteenth  century,  which  belonged  to  the 
Duke  of  Alva,  chased  and  gilt,  and  bearing  crowns  under  which  is  a  monogram 
spelling  “  Alvares  de  Toledo  ;”  it  was  found,  in  excavating,  in  one  of  the  chateaux 
of  the  Duke  of  Alva.  A  knight’s  casque  (armet)  of  the  sixteenth  century,  French, 
with  double  visor,  chased  and  gilt  in  fillets  of  trophies  of  arms,  interspersed  with 
dolphins. 

Here  is  a  buckler  called  “rotella,”  in  repousse  iron,  chased  and  embossed.  The 
principal  subject,  in  bas-relief  of  the  purest  style,  represents  St.  George  mounted, 
piercing  the  dragon  with  his  lance;  in  the  distance,  on  one  side,  the  figure  of  a 
queen  kneeling,  and  on  the  other,  two  warriors  dressed  in  oriental  costume;  a  land¬ 
scape  and  a  view  of  a  city,  in  the  background.  All  the  figures,  in  bold  relief  and 
chiseled  with  the  greatest  care,  are  enriched  with  gilding,  and  are  finely  embossed, 
particularly  in  the  draperies  and  accessories;  the  landscape  and  the  buildings  are  en¬ 
riched  with  gold  and  silver,  and  are  in  part  damascened.  The  outer  edge,  of 
great  beauty,  incloses  in  graceful  curves  trophies  of  arms  and  four  medallions 
with  allegorical  figures.  This  superb  buckler  of  Italian  workmanship,  by  the 
brothers  Negroli,  armorers  of  the  manufactory  of  Milan  in  the  sixteenth  century, 
comes  from  the  family  of  Rosmini  of  Udine,  whose  arms  it  bears  (0.60  cent,  in  di¬ 
ameter,  about  two  feet).  A  casque  called  “  Spur  Morion,”  in  repousse  iron,  chiseled 
and  embossed  in  the  same  style  as  the  buckler  above  described,  and  from  which  it 
ought  not  to  be  separated,  as  it  forms  part  of  the  same  suit  of  armor,  and  resembles 
the  buckler,  not  only  in  ornamentation,  but  in  design,  in  subject,  in  workmanship, 
and  in  origin.  The  two  subjects  which  decorate  them  are  the  same;  that  is  to  say, 
St.  George  in  different  attitudes  slaying  the  dragon,  a  subject  repeated  again  in  the 
charming  plume-holder.  Below  we  find  the  stamp  of  the  brothers  Negroli,  a  skull 
and  two  cross-bones. 

A  German  round  buckler  of  the  sixteenth  century,  ornamented  in  the  center  with 
the  head  of  a  lion  repousse,  chased  and  gilt,  on  a  dark  dotted  background.  The  outer 
edge  is  also  chased  and  gilt  in  arabesques.  An  Italian  buckler  of  the  sixteenth 
century  in  repousse  iron,  chased  and  bearing  traces  of  gilding  and  damascening. 
The  principal  subject  is  Mucius  Scaevola  before  Porsenna,  surrounded  by  numerous 
persons  of  importance.  The  outer  edge  is  repousse  with  a  frieze  of  scrolls,  showing 
dragons  and  allegorical  figures.  An  Italian  buckler  called  “rotella”  of  the  six¬ 
teenth  century,  in  polished  iron,  and  entirely  repousse  in  bold  relief,  divided  into 
sections,  ornamented  with  chimeras,  trophies  of  arms,  and  crowns.  The  umbo 
[centre],  having  a  spike  chased  with  leaves,  is  surrounded  by  branches  and  masks, 
with  emblazoned  escutcheon — a  masterpiece  of  repousse  work.  An  Italian  buckler 
of  the  sixteenth  century  called  “  rotella,"  all  repousse,  divided  into  sections,  framed 
by  leafy  scrolls,  joined  together  by  gilt  ribbons.  In  the  centre  the  figure  of  Min- 


174 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


erva  seated  and  holding  Victory  is  surrounded  by  trophies  of  arms,  the  whole  finely 
■  embossed.  Four  medallions  of  warriors  and  busts  of  women,  also  embossed,  com¬ 
plete  the  ornamentation  in  the  most  perfect  taste. 

Let  us  pass  to  the  swords.  The  specimens  of  the  sixteenth  and  seventeenth  cen¬ 
turies,  in  all  the  collections  that  we  have  seen,  are  so  well  conceived  and  so  elegant 
that  they  charm  the  eye  and  make  one  wish  to  wield  them.  The  specimens  which 
follow  are  of  the  first  rank.  Dress  sword  said  to  have  belonged  to  Francis  I.  Its 
pommel  pear-shaped,  flattened,  incloses  in  a  chased  frame  a  pomegranate  with  gilt 
seeds,  with  side  pendants  of  fruit  in  open  work.  The  upper  part  is  cut  in  medal¬ 
lions  of  warriors,  after  the  antique,  on  a  ground  plated  with  gold,  and  the  neck  of 
the  pommel  is  ornamented  with  horned  masks  chiseled  in  bas-relief  on  a  gilt  ground. 
The  handle,  joined  to  the  pommel  by  acanthus  leaves,  falls  on  the  sheath  in  lobes, 
with  pendants  of  silver  tears.  The  bars  astride,  chased  in  acanthus  leaves,  and  in 
lobated  grooves,  sprinkled  with  gold  beads  and  silver  flowerets,  have  only  one  pas 
d'ane  (guard),  terminating  in  a  fool’s  head,  with  bolts  on  the  chin,  and  capped  with 
a  gilt  circle  and  a  diadem ;  the  cross-bar  of  the  guard  is  terminated  by  armless  busts 
of  warriors,  after  the  antique,  wearing  heroic  casques.  The  parade  cross-bar  ter¬ 
minates  in  a  woman’s  body,  wearing  a  diadem,  and  bearing  in  her  arms  two  chased 
and  gilt  bucklers.  The  guard  is  connected  with  the  shoulder  by  masks  in  bas- 
relief,  cut  in  the  solid,  and  terminated  by  fleurs-de-lis  in  gold.  The  large  two-edged 
blade,  with  short  shoulder,  bears  the  inscription  “  Petit  fecit  ”  [Petit  manufactured]. 
A  tradition  of  the  Montmorencys,  from  whom  comes  this  splendid  weapon,  relates 
that  it  was  given  by  Francis  I  to  Anne  of  Montmorency,  Grand  Constable  of  France; 
An  armorer  of  the  name  of  Petit,  attached  to  the  royal  saddlery  of  the  King,  and  a 
pupil  of  Benvenuto  Cellini,  afterwards  became  armorer  of  Charles  V  and  of  Philip 
II  of  Spain.  The  masterly  composition  of  this  weapon  is  essentially  French,  and 
the  masks  alone  seem  to  indicate  the  Italian  influence  of  the  school  of  Cellini. 

A  German  sword  of  the  end  of  the  fifteenth  century,  the  blade  slightly  grooved,  and 
bearing  the  following  inscriptions,  engraved  on  a  black  ground  in  old  German  text; 
they  may  be  translated  as  follows:  “Look  well  and  watch:  look  out  for  him  who 
would  injure  you.  Want  of  faith  is  in  fashion.  Take  care,  avoid  me;  if  I  strike  you 
I  cut  you  in  pieces.  ”  We  see  on  the  shoulder,  finely  chiseled,  the  face  of  the  Virgin 
and  that  of  Saint  Theresa.  The  guard,  twisted  into  an  S,  bears  the  inscription,  “  A 
new  saint  called  ‘  Brigand,  ’  to  whom  all  the  world  pays  homage.  ”  The  handle,  of 
smooth  wood,  is  terminated  by  a  pommel  in  chiseled  iron. 

Long  sword,  beginning  of  the  sixteenth  century,  of  Pope  Leo  X,  all  of  blued  iron. 
The  flat  blade,  slightly  grooved,  bears,  chased  on  a  gold  ground,  the  inscription: 
“  Leo  X,  Pont.  Max,  III,”  and  the  arms  of  the  Medici,  surmounted  by  a  tiara;  then  on 
the  shoulder,  on  one  side,  St.  Peter,  and  on  the  other  St.  Paul.  The  ends  of  the 
cross-bars,  the  ring  of  the  guard,  and  the  top  of  the  pommel  of  a  quadrangular 
shape,  are  also  chased  and  gilt.  An  historic  sword  of  great  value. 

A  Spanish  basket-hilt  rapier  of  the  sixteenth  century.  This  beautiful  blade,  35 
metres  long  (about  four  feet,  five  inches)  grooved  in  its  whole  length  and  open- 
worked,  bears  the  name  of  the  famous  armorer  of  Toledo,  Francisco  Ruiz;  the 
basket-hilt  of  reversed  carving,  and  the  roundel  (interior  plate)  are  in  fine  open 
work,  and  chased  with  flowers  and  foliage  interla  ed;  the  guard,  the  handle,  and 
the  pommel  are  also  in  chased  steel,  the  whole  having  preserved  its  original  polish. 
This  beautiful  sword  is  accompanied  by  its  dagger,  called  “  Left  Hand,  ”  of  similar 
workmanship,  and  having  a  blade  cut  in  projecting  ribs  and  in  open-work  grooves. 
All  the  parts  of  these  two  pieces  bear  a  heraldic  animal,  which  appears  to  be  a 
wolf,  the  arms  of  the  Ximenes,  whose  archives  state  that  these  admirable  weapons 
were  a  gift  of  the  King  of  Spain. 

An  Italian  two-handed  sword,  called  “  Espadon,  ”  beginning  of  the  fifteenth 
century,  with  a  long  blade,  grooved  on  the  shoulder,  and  bearing  the  emblem  of  the 


RIGGS  COLLECTION. 


175 


wolf;  the  guard  of  long,  straight  cross-bars,  with  bossed  ends,  is  completed  by  two 
sub-guards  supported  on  the  ridge  of  the  blade;  the  pommel  is  in  flattened  pear 
shape;  the  handle  of  hardened  leather,  stamped  in  flowers  and  foliage,  bears  the 
three  coats-of-arms  of  the  Malatesta,  Lords  of  Rimini.  A  sword  remarkably  well 
preserved,  and  procured  from  the  descendants  of  the  family. 

A  very  large  two-handed  German  sword  of  the  sixteenth  century;  the  guard  bent 
back,  and  terminated  by  eagles’  heads,  is  chiseled  and  gilt  on  a  blue  ground,  as 
well  as  the  pommel.  The  handle,  covered  with  velvet  and  leather,  has  preserved  its 
yellow  and  black  trimmings.  The  blade,  the  shoulder  of  which  is  trimmed  with 
leather,  bears,  chased  and  gilt  on  a  black  background,  the  eagle  and  imperial  crown 
of  Austria. 

We  close  here  our  visit  to  the  collection  of  Mr.  Riggs.  Many  other  objects  of  art 
might  be  cited, — superb  wheel-pistols  of  the  sixteenth  century;  arquebuses,  with 
stocks  all  inlaid  with  ivory;  powder-flasks,  halberds,  partisans,  etc. 

We  have  not  wished  to,  and  we  could  not,  give  more  than  an  idea  of  this  admi¬ 
rable  collection.  Why  must  all  these  beautiful  arms,  borne  by  so  many  valiant 
soldiers,  leave  us  forever?  Mr.  Riggs,  who  is  of  American  nationality,  intends  to 
present  this  beautiful  collection  to  his  fatherland.  Negotiations  are  in  progress  for 
preparing  for  these  arms  a  home  worthy  of  them  at  Washington.  This  is,  there¬ 
fore,  one  of  the  last,  perhaps  the  last  time,  that  our  amateurs  will  have  the  oppor¬ 
tunity  to  admire  at  Paris  all  these  souvenirs  of  a  glorious  past. 


APPENDICES 

TO  THE 

REPORT  OF  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL, 


H.  Ex.  410 - 12 


177 


APPENDIX  A. 


DECREE  OF  THE  PRESIDENT  OF  THE  FRENCH  REPUBLIC. 


DECREE  OPENING  THE  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 

The  President  of  the  Republic,  on  the  report  of  the  Minister  of  Commerce,  decrees: 

Article  1.  A  Universal  Exposition  of  the  Products  of  Industry  shall  be  opened 
in  Paris  May  5,  1889,  and  closed  October  81  following. 

Art.  2.  A  later  decree  will  determine  the  conditions  under  which  the  Universal 
Exposition  shall  be  held,  the  rules  to  which  the  articles  admitted  shall  be  subjected, 
and  the  different  kinds  of  products  which  may  be  admitted. 

Art.  8.  The  Minister  of  Commerce  is  charged  with  the  execution  of  this  decree. 

,  Jules  Grew, 

President  of  the  Republic. 

Done  at  Paris,  November  8,  1884. 

Maurice  Rouvier, 

Minister  of  Commerce. 


AGREEMENT  WITH  THE  SOCIETY  OF  GUARANTEE. 

Between  the  undersigned, — 

1.  The  Minister  of  Commerce,  etc.,  for  and  on  account  of  the  State,  of  the  first 
part ;  2.  The  Prefect  of  the  Seine,  in  the  name  of  the  city  of  Paris,  of  the  second 
part ;  3.  M.  Albert  Christoplile,  for  and  on  account  of  the  Society  of  Guarantee  to 
be  formed  for  the  Universal  Exposition  of  1889,  of  the  third  part, — 

The  following  has  been  agreed  upon  : 

Article  1.  The  expenses  of  all  kinds  on  account  of  the  Universal  Exposition, 
etc. ,  are  limited  to  the  sum  of  forty  million  francs. 

A  further  sum  of  three  million  francs  shall  be  set  apart  to  be  used  for  unforeseen 
works,  or  for  modifications  of  plans  in  course  of  execution. 

Art.  2.  To  meet  these  expenses, 

(а)  The  Minister  of  Commerce,  in  the  name  of  the  State,  agrees  to  contribute  sev¬ 
enteen  million  francs. 

(б)  The  Prefect  of  the  Seine,  in  the  name  of  the  city  of  Paris,  agrees  to  contribute 
eight  million  francs. 

(c)  To  provide  the  amount  constituting  the  difference  between  the  contributions 
of  the  State  and  the  city  of  Paris,  i.  e.,  twenty-five  million  francs,  and  the  forty- 
three  million  required  for  the  works  and  expenses  of  the  Exposition,  the  founders  of 
the  Society  of  Guarantee  agree  to  provide  under  the,  conditions  hereinafter  set  forth 
a  sum  which  can,  under  no  circumstances,  and  whatever  may  be  the  final  total  of 
expenses,  exceed  eighteen  million  francs. 


179 


180 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Art.  8.  The  contributions  of  the  State  and  city  of  Paris  shall  be  first  employed 
to  meet  the  expenses  of  the  Exposition,  and  no  call  shall  be  made  upon  the  Society 
of  Guarantee  until  these  contributions  are  exhausted. 

******* 

Art.  5.  In  case  the  receipts  of  the  Exposition,  added  to  the  subvention  of  twenty, 
five  million  to  be  furnished  by  the  State  and  city  of  Paris,  should  exceed  the 
amount  of  expenses  of  all  kinds  of  the  said  Exposition,  this  excess  shall  be  consid¬ 
ered  as  profits,  and  divided  between  the  State,  the  city  of  Paris,  and  the  Society  of 
Guarantee,  in  the  proportion  of  their  respective  contributions. 

Art.  6.  In  case,  in  consequence  of  extraordinary  circumstances,  the  expenses  of 
all  kinds  which  the  Exposition  of  1889  may  entail,  shall  exceed  forty-three  million 
francs,  the  excess  shall  be  paid  by  the  State,  which,  to  compensate  itself,  shall  have 
the  benefit  of  all  receipts  exceeding  eighteen  million  francs,  before  any  payments * 
can  be  made  to  the  city  of  Paris  or  to  the  Society  of  Guarantee,  and  this  until  the  ^ 
said  excess  of  expense  has  been  paid. 

Art.  7.  The  direction  and  superintendence  of  the  Universal  Exposition  of  1889 
belongs  to  the  State. 

A  Commission  of  Control  and  Finance,  composed  of  members  representing  the 
State,  the  city  of  Paris,  and  the  Society  of  Guarantee,  in  proportion  to  their  re¬ 
spective  contributions,  shall  be  appointed. 

The  members  of  this  Commission  shall  be  named  by  decrees  of  the  President  of 
the  Republic,  inserted  in  the  Official  Journal.  The  Minister  of  Commerce,  etc.r 
shall  preside. 

This  Commission  shall  administer  and  control  the  Society  of  Guarantee.  It  shall 
be  consulted  by  the  Minister  of  Commerce,  etc.,  on  all  questions  bearing  on  the 
financial  management  of  the  Exposition.  Nothing  shall  be  done  without  its  assent 
in  any  matter  relating  to  revenue  of  any  kind  to  be  collected  on  account  of  the  Ex¬ 
position. 

Art.  8.  No  free  tickets  shall  be  issued,  except  those  strictly  personal,  distributed 
among  the  exhibitors  and  employes. 

In  case  during  the  Exposition  free  tickets  should  be  issued,  these  tickets  shall,  as 
regards  the  Society  of  Guarantee,  be  considered  as  paying  tickets,  and  be  credited 
to  the  Society  as  such. 

The  Government  expressly  reserves  to  itself  the  right  to  decide  if  rent  shall  or 
shall  not  be  paid  by  exhibitors  for  the  space  allotted  to  them. 

The  price  of  entrance  must  not  exceed  that  of  the  expositions  of  1867  and  1878. 

Art.  9.  This  agreement  shall  not  be  considered  in  force  as  regards  the  State  or 
the  city  of  Paris,  until  it  has  received  legislative  sanction,  nor  as  regards  the  Society 
of  Guarantee  until  the  capital  of  eighteen  millions  has  been  fully  subscribed. 

Done  in  triplicate  at  Paris,  March  27,  1886. 

The  above  text  examined  and  approved  March  29,  1886. 

Edouard  Lockroy. 

Poubelle. 

Albert  Christophle. 

LAW  OF  JULY  6, 1886. 

Article  1.  The  agreement  made  between  the  Minister  of  Commerce  and  Industry 
representing  the  State,  the  prefect  of  the  Seine  representing  the  city  of  Paris,  au¬ 
thorized  by  a  vote  of  the  municipal  council  March  81,  1886,  and  the  governor  of  the 
Credit  Foncier  acting  for  account  of  the  Society  of  Guarantee  to  be  formed  for  the 
Universal  Exposition  of  1889,  is  approved. 

No  expense  can  be  incurred  beyond  the  sum  of  forty-three  millions  (francs)  as 
provided  by  Article  1  of  the  said  agreement,  unless  it  has  been  previously  authorized 
by  special  law. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  A.  181 

The  rent  which  may  be  charged  to  exhibitors  on  account  of  space  allotted  them 
must  not  enter  into  the  calculation  of  the  receipts  referred  to  in  Article  5  of  the 
agreement,  except  so  far  as  may  be  necessary  to  make  up  a  total  of  eighteen  million 
francs. 

Art.  2.  The  State  shall  contribute  to  the  expenses  of  the  Exposition  of  1889  by 
a  grant  of  seventeen  million  francs. 

******* 

In  case  the  expenses  shall  not  reach  the  sum  of  forty-three  millions  referred  to  in 
Article  1  of  the  Agreement,  the  amount  saved  shall  be  credited  to  the  State  alone. 
******* 

Art.  5.  The  receipts  and  expenses  of  the  Exposition  shall  be  managed  by  agents 
of  the  Treasury,  and  submitted  to  the  control  of  the  Board  of  Audit  (Cour  des 
Comptes.) 

The  subvention  granted  by  the  City  of  Paris,  as  well  as  the  receipts  coming  from 
the  management  of  the  Exposition,  shall  be  turned  into  the  Treasury.  *  *  * 

Art.  6.  Proposals  of  every  kind  in  reference  to  the  construction,  the  fitting  up, 
and  the  working  of  the  Exposition,  shall,  before  their  execution,  be  submitted  for 
the  approval  of  the  Minister  of  Commerce,  etc. 

Art.  7.  A  detailed  account  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  Exposition 
shall  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  Republic  in  a  report,  which  shall  be  pub¬ 
lished,  and  distributed  to  the  Senate  and  Chamber  of  Deputies. 

Every  year  a  report,  published  under  the  same  conditions,  shall  make  known  the 
progress  of  the  works.,  and  the  expenses  incurred  and  paid. 


APPENDIX  13. 


FRENCH  LAWS  AND  REGULATIONS. 


PARIS  INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION,  1889. 

Article  1.  The  convention  concluded  by  the  Minister  of  Commerce  and  Indus¬ 
try  representing  the  state,  the  prefect  of  the  Seine,  representing  the  city  of  Paris, 
authorized  by  the  decision  of  the  municipal  council  of  March  81,  1886,  and  the  gov¬ 
ernor  of  the  Credit  Foncier,  acting  for  the  Guarantee  Association,  which  is  to  be 
established  for  the  World’s  Exhibition  of  1889,  is  hereby  approved. 

No  expense  shall  be  incurred  beyond  the  amount  of  43,000,000  francs,  for  which 
provision  is  made  by  Article  1  of  this  convention,  unless  provision  shall  previously 
have  been  made  therefor  by  a  special  law. 

Such  proceeds  as  may  ac'crue  from  payments  required  of  exhibitors  for  the  space 
assigned  to  them  shall  not  enter  into  the  computation  of  the  receipts  provided  for 
by  Article  5  of  the  convention,  beyond  the  amount  necessary  to  make  the  total  re¬ 
ceipts  18,000,000  francs. 

Art.  2.  The  state  shall  contribute  to  the  expenses  of  the  Exhibition  of  1889  by  an 
appropriation  of  17,000,000  francs. 

The  appropriation  shall  be  charged  (to  the  amount  of  12,693,635  francs)  to  the  loan 
of  80,000,000  francs  made  to  the  state  by  the  Bank  of  France,  in  pursuance  of  the 
convention  of  March  29,  1878,  approved  by  act  of  the  30th  of  June  following. 

In  case  the  expenses  shall  amount  to  less  than  the  sum  of  43,000,000  francs,  which 
is  provided  for  by  Article  1  of  the  convention,  the  saving  effected  shall  inure  to  the 
benefit  of  the  state  alone. 

Art.  8.  The  sum  of  12,693,635  francs  shall  be  allowed  by  way  of  an  extraordi¬ 
nary  appropriation,  to  the  Minister  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures,  on  the  fiscal 
year  1886,  over  and  above  the  allowances  made  by  the  financial  act  of  August  8, 
1885.  This  allowance  shall  form  a  special  chapter  entitled  “  No.  43.  Amount  con¬ 
tributed  by  the  State  to  the  Expenses  of  the  Exhibition  of  1889.” 

This  extraordinary  appropriation  shall  be  paid  from  the  source  mentioned  in  the 
foregoing  article. 

Art.  4.  The  appropriations  necessary  for  the  expenses  of  the  years  1887,  1888, 
1889,  and  the  following,  shall  be  made,  within  the  limits  of  the  allowance  above 
fixed,  by  the  annual  appropriation  laws. 

Nevertheless,  during  the  recess  of  the  chambers,  in  pursuance  of  Article  5  of  the 
act  of  December  14, 1879,  such  appropriations  may  be  made  by  decrees  approved  by 
the  council  of  ministers.  These  decrees  shall  be  submitted  to  the  chambers  for  their 
sanction  within  the  first  fortnight  after  their  next  meeting. 

Art.  5.  All  moneys  for  the  Exhibition  shall  be  received  and  expended  by  the 
officers  of  the  treasury,  and  shall  be  submitted  to  the  court  of  accounts  for  inspection. 

183 


* 


184 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


The  subsidy  allowed  by  the  city  of  Paris,  together  with  all  receipts  accruing  from 
the  World's  Exhibition  of  1889,  shall  be  paid  into  the  treasury  as  funds  for  public 
expenses,  according  to  Article  13  of  the  act  of  June  6, 1843. 

Art.  6.  Plans  of  all  kinds  relative  to  the  construction,  arrangement,  and  manage¬ 
ment  of  the  Exhibition  of  1889  shall,  before  being  put  into  execution,  be  submitted 
to  the  Minister  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures  for  his  approval. 

Art.  7.  A  detailed  statement  of  the  receipts  and  expenditures  of  the  World’s  Ex¬ 
hibition  of  1889  shall  be  presented  to  the  President  of  the  Republic  in  a  report  which 
shall  be  published  and  distributed  among  the  senators  and  members  of  the  Chamber 
of  Deputies. 

A  report  published  in  the  same  way  shall  annually  make  known  the  state  of 
advancement  of  the  work,  and  shall  furnish  a  statement  of  the  expenses  incurred. 

Art.  8.  The  instruments  designated  in  Article  1,  paragraph  9,  of  the  act  of 
February  28,  1872,  and  approved  by  the  Minister  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures, 
in  pursuance  of  this  act,  shall  be  subjected  to  a  fixed  duty  of  3  francs.  This  act 
having  been  adopted  by  the  Senate  and  Chamber  of  Deputies,  shall  be  executed  as 
a  law  of  the  state.  * 


MINISTERIAL  ORDER  OF  AUGUST  26,  1886. 

General  Regulations. 

Article  1.  In  pursuance  of  the  decrees  issued  by  the  President  of  the  French 
Republic,  at  the  suggestion  of  the  Minister  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures,  and  of 
the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction,  Fine  Arts,  and  Worship,  an  International  World's 
Exhibition  shall  be  opened  at  Paris  on  the  5th  day  of  May,  1889,  and  shall  be  closed 
on  the  31st  of  October  following. 

No  production  shall,  however,  be  admitted  in  the  Exhibition  after  April  1, 1889. 

Art.  2.  This  Exhibition  shall  receive  works  of  art  and  productions  of  the  industry 
and  agriculture  of  all  nations. 

It  shall  be  held  principally  in  the  Champ  de  Mars,  in  the  unoccupied  space  between 
Lamotte-Piquet  avenue  and  the  square  situated  near  the  quay.  It  may  extend — 

(1)  On  the  left  bank  of  the  Seine,  over  the  causeway  and  the  steeps  of  the  quay, 
in  the  parts  comprised  between  the  Champ  de  Mars  and  the  Esplanade  des  In- 
valides,  and  over  the  Esplanade  des  Invalides. 

(2)  On  the  right  bank  of  the  Seine,  in  the  Trocadero  Park  and  the  available  parts 
of  the  Trocadero  Palace,  in  the  Palace  of  Industry,  and  on  the  grounds  situated 
between  that  palace  and  the  Seine. 

Art.  3.  General  Organization.  An  advisory  commission,  consisting  of  300 
members,  and  styled  the  “  Grand  Council  of  the  World’s  Exhibition  of  1889,”  shall 
be  appointed  under  the  presidency  of  the  Minister  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures, 
who  shall  likewise  be  the  Commissioner-General  of  the  Exhibition. 

Art.  4.  The  grand  council  shall  be  convoked  and  presided  over  by  the  minister, 
who  shall  fix  the  order  of  its  daily  proceedings. 

Art.  5.  It  shall  be  subdivided  into  twenty- two  advisory  committees,  to  wit:  The 
committee  on  superintendence  and  finance,  on  contested  claims,  buildings,  festivals 
and  ceremonies,  transportation,  the  fine  arts,  agriculture,  colonies  and  countries 
under  protectorate,  military  and  maritime  exhibitions,  education,  the  liberal  arts, 
hygiene,  the  third  group  (furniture,  etc.),  the  fourth  group  (textile  fabrics,  wearing- 
apparel,  etc.),  the  fifth  group  (extractive,  raw,  and  manufactured  productions), 
the  sixth  group  (mechanical  instruments  and  processes  in  mechanical  indus¬ 
try),  the  seventh  group  (articles  of  food),  electricity,  the  press,  musical  and  the¬ 
atrical  pieces,  congresses  and  conferences,  the  retrospective  exhibition  of  work. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  B. 


185 


Art.  6.  The  Advisory  Committee  on  Superintendence  and  Finance,  which  is  to  be 
appointed  by  a  decree  of  the  President  of  the  Republic,  shall  be  presided  over  by 
the  Minister,  or,  in  his  absence,  by  one  of  the  three  vice-presidents,  each  in  his 
turn. 

It  shall  be  convoked  by  the  Minister,  who  shall  fix  the  order  of  its  daily  pro¬ 
ceedings. 

Art.  7.  This  commission  shall  be  consulted  by  the  Minister  on  all  questions  hav¬ 
ing  reference  to  the  financial  management  of  the  Exhibition.  Its  advice  shall  be 
acted  upon  in  all  cases  in  which  questions  are  concerned  relating  to  receipts  of  all 
kinds  to  be  collected  on  the  occasion  of  the  Exhibition. 

Art.  8.  The  other  committees  may  subsequently  be  completed  by  the  addition  of 
new  members,  to  be  appointed  by  ministerial  orders. 

Their  chairmen  shall  be  appointed  by  the  Minister. 

Their  vice-chairmen  and  secretaries  shall  be  designated  by  the  committees  them¬ 
selves,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Minister. 

They  may  be  subdivided  into  sub-committees,  with  the  approval  of  the  Minister, 
who  shall  designate  the  new  chairmen. 

Art.  9.  The  Minister  shall  lay  suitable  matters  directly  before  the  committee  and 
sub-committees. 

Art.  10.  The  Directors-General,  who  are  to  be  appointed  in  the  manner  provided 
by  the  decree  of  July  28,  1886,  shall  be  charged,  each  in  that  which  concerns  him, 
with  the  preparation  and  submission  to  the  Minister,  Commissioner-General,  of  the 
plans  relative  to  the  construction,  arrangement,  and  management  of  the  Exhibition. 
They  shall  be  admitted  to  all  sessions  of  the  Committee  on  Superintendence  and 
Finance,  and  to  the  sessions  of  committees  having  charge  of  matters  connected 
with  their  respective  branches.  They  shall  at  these  sessions  have  the  right  of  dis¬ 
cussion,  but  not  that  of  voting. 

Admission  and  Classification  of  Productions. 

Art.  11.  A  departmental  committee,  appointed  by  the  Minister  of  Commerce  and 
Manufactures,  shall  be  instituted  in  each  department  of  the  French  Republic.  The 
duties  of  this  commission  shall  be— 

(1)  To  make  known  throughout  the  department  the  regulations  concerning  the 
organization  of  the  Exhibition,  and  to  distribute  the  blank  forms  of  applications 
for  admission,  together  with  all  other  documents  relating  to  the  Exhibition. 

(2)  To  furnish,  with  as  little  delay  as  possible,  the  names  of  the  principal  artists, 
agriculturists,  and  manufacturers  whose  admission  to  the  World's  Exhibition  shall 
•seem  particularly  calculated  to  promote  the  success  of  that  enterprise. 

(8)  To  promote  the  exhibitions  of  industrial,  agricultural,  and  horticultural  pro¬ 
ductions  of  the  department. 

(4)  To  promote  and  organize,  if  deemed  desirable,  the  collective  grouping  of  sim¬ 
ilar  productions  of  the  department,  and  to  accredit  a  delegate,  whose  duty  it  shall 
be  to  represent  each  collective  exhibition. 

(5)  To  prepare,  if  this  shall  be  thought  desirable,  by  way  of  subscription  or  other¬ 
wise,  tie  establishment  of  a  special  fund,  designed  to  facilitate  the  examination 
and  study  of  the  World’s  Exhibition  by  a  certain  number  of  master-workmen, 
workmen,  and  cultivators  of  the  department. 

Art.  12.  Foreign  commissions  appointed  at  the  request  of  the  French  Govern¬ 
ment  are  urged  to  send  their  delegates  with  as  little  delay  as  possible. 

The  duty  of  each  delegate  shall  be  to  discuss  such  questions  as  may  interest  his 
countrymen,  and  especially  such  as  relate  to  the  distribution  of  the  entire  space 
among  the  different  countries,  and  to  the  method  of  installation  of  each  national 
section.  Consequently,  the  Minister,  Commissioner-General,  will  not  correspond 


186 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


directly  with  foreign  exhibitors,  and  all  productions  presented  by  foreign  producers- 
shall  be  admitted  only  through  the  agency  of  their  respective  commissioners. 

Art.  18.  The  departmental  committees  appointed  by  the  Minister  and  the  foreign 
commissioners  regularly  accredited  to  him  shall  enter  into  direct  relations  with  the 
Director-General  of  management. 

The  foreign  commissioners  shall  receive  from  him  all  suggestions  and  plans  with 
regard  to  the  most  advantageous  installation  of  the  productions  of  their  nations, 
together  with  all  information  concerning  the  conditions  of  general  circulation  and 
of  public  order  to  which  they  shall  be  obliged  to  conform. 

They  shall  have  recourse  to  him  for  all  changes  of  space  from  country  to  country. 

Art.  14.  In  each  section  devoted  to  the  productions  of  the  same  nation ,  the  arti¬ 
cles  exhibited  shall  be  divided  among  the  nine  groups  following: 

First  Group:  Works  of  Art  (Class  1  to  5). 

Second  Group:  Education,  Instruction,  Materials  and  Processes  used  in  the 
Liberal  Arts  (Class  6  to  16). 

Third  Group:  Furniture,  etc.  (Class  17  to  29). 

Fourth  Group:  Textile  Fabrics,  Wearing  Apparel,  etc.  (Class  80  to  40). 

Fifth  Group:  Extractive  Arts,  Raw  and  Manufactured  Products  (Class Ml 
to  47). 

Sixth  Group:  Apparatus  and  Processes  used  in  Mechanical  Industry — Elec¬ 
tricity  (Class  48  to  66). 

Seventh  Group:  Food  Products  (Class  67  to  78). 

Eighth  Group:  Agriculture,  Vine  Culture,  and  Pisciculture  (Class  74  to  77). 

Ninth  Group:  Horticulture  (Class  78  to  88). 

Each  of  these  groups  shall  be  divided  into  classes,  according  to  the  system  of 
general  classification  appended  to  these  regulations  (Annex  No.  1). 

That  document  shall  comprise  for  each  class  a  compendious  enumeration  of  the 
articles  which  it  is  to  include. 

Art.  15.  A  methodical  and  complete  catalogue  of  the  productions  of  all  nations 
shall  be  prepared  in  the  French  language.  This  catalogue  shall  state  the  places  to 
be  occupied  by  said  productions  in  the  halls,  the  parks,  or  the  gardens,  together 
with  the  names  of  the  exhibitors. 

Each  nation  shall,  moreover,  have  the  right  to  prepare,  at  its  own  expense,  but 
only  in  its  own  language,  a  special  catalogue  of  the  productions  exhibited  in  its 
sectiofi. 

Art.  16.  Neither  French  nor  foreign  exhibitors  shall  be  obliged  to  pay  any  rent  for 
the  space  occupied  by  them  in  the  Exhibition. 

They  shall  defray  all  the  expenses  of  installation  and  decoration  in  the  halls, 
parks,  or  gardens.  These  expenses  shall  in  the  main  comprise  the  furnishing  and  put¬ 
ting  in  place  of  the  floors,  and  the  canvas  coverings  or  ceilings  in  the  halls,  and  also 
of  the  special  earth- works  and  trees  or  plants  set  out  in  the  parks  or  gardens  in  the 
vicinity  of  and  within  the  limits  of  the  special  buildings  authorized  by  the  Minister, 
Commissioner-General. 

The  floors  shall  be  constructed  in  good  condition  for  use  in  all  the  interior  pas¬ 
sages  through  which  the  public  is  to  pass. 

Art.  17.  No  work  of  art,  and  no  article  exhibited  in  the  halls,  parks,  or  gardens 
shall  be  drawn,  copied,  or  reproduced  in  any  manner  whatever,  without  an  author¬ 
ization  from  the  exhibitor,  bearing  the  visa  of  the  Director-General  of  management. 

The  Director-General  of  management  may,  however,  authorize  the  reproduction 
of  views  of  sundry  articles  together. 

Art.  18.  No  work  of  art  and  no  article  exhibited  can  be  withdrawn  before  the 
close  of  the  Exhibition,  without  special  authorization. 

Art.  19.  Within  the  time  allowed,  and  on  the  terms  provided  by  the  act  of  May 
28,  1868,  relative  to  the  guaranty  of  inventions  susceptible  of  being  patented,  and 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL — APPENDIX  B.  1ST 

of  designs  for  manufactured  articles,  exhibitors  shall  enjoy  the  rights  and  immuni¬ 
ties  granted  by  the  aforesaid  act.  (Annex  No.  2.) 

Art.  20.  In  pursuance  of  the  decree  issued  on  the  25th  of  August,  1886  (Annex 
No.  3),  the  Exhibition  is  to  be,  in  fact,  a  bonded  warehouse;  consequently  articles 
exhibited  are  to  be  exempted  from  the  payment  of  city  dues  and  from  search  by 
the  municipal  authorities  of  Paris,  and  also  from  the  payment  of  duties  at  the 
French  custom-house  and  from  search  there. 

Art.  21.  Subsequent  regulations  shall  in  due  time  determine  the  methods  of 
shipment,  of  reception,  and  of  installation  of  the  productions,  the  method  of  ad¬ 
mission  to  the  premises  of  the  Exhibition,  and  the  formation  of  the  internatioijal 
jury  on  premiums,  whose  duties  shall  begin  as  soon  as  the  Exhibition  is  opened. 

Special  Provisions  Relative  to  Works  of  Art. 

Art.  22.  The  works  of  French  and  foreign  artists  executed  since  May  1,  1878,. 
shall  be  admitted  to  the  Exhibition. 

Art.  23.  Such  works  shall  comprise  the  seven  kinds  below  mentioned: 

(1)  Paintings. 

(2)  Drawings:  Water-colors,  pastels,  miniatures,  enamel,  porcelain,  and  cartoons, 
not  including  those  which  represent  subjects  of  ornamentation  only. 

(3)  Sculpture. 

(4)  Engravings  on  metals  and  precious  stones. 

(5)  Architecture. 

(6)  Engraving. 

(7)  Lithography. 

Art.  24.  The  following  shall  be  excluded: 

(1)  Copies,  even  such  as  reproduce  a  work  in  a  style  different  from  that  of  the 
original. 

(2)  Unframed  paintings  or  drawings. 

(3)  Sculptures  in  unbaked  clay. 

Art.  25.  It  shall  be  the  duty  of  a  special  jury  to  decide  concerning  the  admission 
of  works  of  art. 

Art.  26.  The  requirements  to  be  fulfilled  for  applications  for  admission  shall  be 
fixed  by  subsequent  regulations.  Another  regulation  shall  also  indicate  the  method 
of  shipment  and  of  reception  of  works  of  art. 

Art.  27.  Decision  shall  be  given  hereafter  with  regard  to  the  number  and  nature 
of  the  premiums  to  be  awarded,  and  also  concerning  the  appointment  of  an  inter¬ 
national  jury  for  the  award  of  premiums. 

Special  Provisions  Relating  to  Industrial  and  Agricultural  Products. 

Art.  28.  All  manufactured  and  agricultural  productions  shall  be  admissible  to 
the  Exhibition,  with  the  exceptions  and  reservations  mentioned  in  the  following 
article: 

Art.  29.  Detonating  and  fulminating  articles  and,  in  general,  all  matters  re¬ 
garded  as  dangerous,  shall  be  excluded. 

Spirits  or  alcohols,  oils  and  essences,  corrosive  substances,  and  in  general  any 
articles  that  may  injure  other  productions  with  which  they  may  come  in  contact, 
or  that  may  incommode  the  public,  shall  not  be  received  otherwise  than  in  solid 
vessels  suitable  for  containing  them,  and  of  small  dimensions. 

Percussion  caps,  fireworks,  chemical  matches,  and  other  similar  objects  shall 
not  be  received.  Imitations  thereof  may,  however,  be  received,  provided  that  they 
contain  no  inflammable  matter. 

Art.  30.  Exhibitors  of  injurious  productions  or  those  calculated  to  impair  the 
health  of  human  beings  must,  at  all  times,  conform  to  such  precautionary  meas¬ 
ures  as  may  be  prescribed. 


188 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Art.  31.  The  Director-General  of  management  may  at  all  times  cause  the  re¬ 
moval  of  all  articles,  no  matter  what  may  be  their  origin,  which,  owing  to  their 
nature  and  their  appearance,  may  appear  to  be  objectionable  or  incompatible  with 
the  object  or  the  decorum  of  the  Exhibition. 

Art.  32.  French  applications  for  admission  must  be  drawn  up  according  to  the 
form  appended  to  these  regulations.  (Annex  No.  4.) 

Applications  from  Paris  and  the  department  of  the  Seine  are  to  be  sent  directly 
to  the  Minister  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures,  Commissioner-General,  No.  35  Quai 
d’Orsay,  Paris,  or  to  the  Director-General  of  management,  No.  80  Rue  de  Varenne. 

Those  from  the  departments  are  to  be  received  by  the  departmental  committees, 
who  will  forward  them  to  the  same  addresses. 

All  applications  of  French  citizens,  thus  centralized,  shall  be  submitted  by  classes 
to  the  examination  of  committees  on  admission,  appointed  by  the  Minister,  and 
from  whose  decisions  there  shall  be  no  appeal.  It  is  essential  that  all  applications 
be  handed  in  as  speedily  as  possible. 

The  printed  blank  forms  of  applications  f  or  admission  shall  be  furnished  to  the 
public  gratuitously,  at  the  following  places: 

(1)  At  Paris:  At  the  Ministry  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures,  No.  25  Quai 
d'Orsay  and  No.  244  Boulevard  Saint  Germaine;  at  the  buildings  of  the  Manage¬ 
ment  of  the  Exhibition  (Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais  and  Rue  de  Varenne,  No.  80):  at 
the  Tribunal,  and  at  the  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

(2)  In  the  departments:  At  the  prefectures,  subprefectures,  chambers  of  com¬ 
merce,  tribunals  of  commerce,  advisory  chambers  of  arts  and  manufactures,  and  at 
the  locations  of  the  departmental  committees,  as  well  as  at  such  places  of  distribu¬ 
tion  as  may  be  designated  by  the  said  committees. 

Art.  33.  Constructors  of  apparatus  requiring  the  use  of  water,  gas,  or  steam 
must  state,  either  at  the  time  of  making  their  application  for  admission  or  through 
the  foreign  delegates,  the  quantity  of  water,  gas,  or  steam  that  they  require. 

Those  desiring  to  set  machinery  in  motion  shall  state  the  exact  velocity  of  such 
machinery  and  the  motive  power  which  it  will  require. 

Art.  34.  Water,  gas,  steam,  and  motive  power  for  the  machinery  galleries  shall 
be  furnished  gratuitously. 

The  power  shall  be  taken  from  the  vehicle  of  general  transmission. 

The  establishment  of  all  intermediate  transmissions  shall  be  at  the  cost  of  exhib¬ 
itors. 

Provisions  Relative  to  Management . 

Art.  35.  Articles  shall  be  exhibited  in  the  name  of  the  signer  of  the  application 
for  admission.  From  this  requirement  there  shall  be  no  deviation. 

Art.  36.  Exhibitors  are  authorized  to  enter,  after  their  own  names  or  the  names 
oe  their  firms,  the  names  of  such  co-operators  of  all  kinds  and  all  grades  as  have 
contributed  to  the  utility  of  the  articles  exhibited. 

Art.  37.  Exhibitors  are  expressly  requested  to  state  the  market  price  of  the 
articles  exhibited,  both  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  the  labor  of  the  jury  and  of 
edifying  visitors. 

Art.  38.  Articles  sold  shall  not  be  removed  before  the  close  of  the  Exhibition, 
unless  by  special  authorization. 

Art.  39.  The  state  shall  take  measures  to  protect  articles  exhibited  from  all 
injury,  but  it  will  in  nowise  be  responsible  for  any  accidents,  or  for  fire,  or  for  any 
damage  that  they  may  suffer,  be  the  cause  thereof  what  it  may.  Exhibitors  shall 
be  at  liberty  to  insure  their  goods  directly,  at  their  own  expense,  if  they  shall  think 
proper  to  do  so. 

Art.  40.  A  general  surveillance  shall  be  established  in  order  to  protect  goods 
from  theft  and  embezzlement. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL — APPENDIX  B.  18$ 


Foreign  commissions  shall  have  full  control  as  regards  the  custody  of  their  respect¬ 
ive  sections.  The  officers  designated  by  them  for  the  performance  of  this  duty  shall 
be  commissioned  by  the  Commissioner-General.  They  shall  wear  a  uniform  or  a 
distinctive  badge ;  they  may,  under  all  circumstances,  apply  for  assistance  to  the 
French  officers  and  policemen  who  shall  walk  through  the  passages  open  to  the 
public,  or  who  shall  be  stationed  there. 

In  the  French  section,  the  exhibitors  of  each  class  shall  make  arrangements  for 
the  organization  of  a  collective  system  of  guardianship,  independent  of  the  general 
surveillance.  The  special  officers  of  this  class  shall  be  commissioned  by  the  Minister, 
Commissioner-Ceneral ;  they  shall  wear  badges  indicating  the  number  of  the  class 
whose  rooms  they  are  to  watch. 

Art.  41.  It  is  expressly  understood  that  the  state  disclaims  all  responsibility  for 
any  thefts  and  embezzlements  that  may  be  committed. 

Art.  42.  No  article  shall  be  advertised  by  means  of  hand-bills,  prospectuses,  etc., 
within  the  Exhibition,  by  exhibitors,  holders  of  concessions,  or  any  other  person, 
without  regular  authorization  and  prepayment  of  such  fees  as  may  be  required. 

Art.  43.  All  communications  relative  to  the  Exhibition  must  be  addressed  to 
the  Minister  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures,  Commissioner-General,  No.  25  Quai 
d’Orsay,  Paris,  and  must  bear  on  the  envelope  the  words  “  World’s  Exhibition  of 
1889.”  (Exposition  Universelle  de  1889.) 

Art.  44.  Both  French  citizens  and  foreigners,  by  becoming  exhibitors,  declare 
by  that  very  fact  that  they  adhere  to  the  pro visions  contained  in  Articles  11-42  of 
these  regulations. 

EDOUARD  LOCKROY, 

Minister  of  Commerce  and  Manufactures,  Commissioner- General. 

Paris,  August  26.  1886. 


PROTECTION  OF  INVENTIONS. 

Law  of  May  23, 1868,  relating  to  the  guaranty  of  inventions  capable  of  being  patented 
and  of  industrial  designs,  which  shall  be  admitted  to  public  expositions  authorized 
by  the  Government  throughout  the  whole  Empire. 

Art.  1.  Every  Frenchman  or  foreigner,  author  of  a  discovery  or  invention  capable 
of  being  patented  under  the  provisions  of  the  law  of  July  5, 1844,  or  of  an  industrial 
design  which  may  be  registered  conformably  with  the  law  of  March  18, 1806,  or  his 
representatives  may,  if  admitted  to  a  public  exposition  authorized  by  the  Govern¬ 
ment,  cause  the  delivery  to  them,  by  the  prefect  or  the  sub-prefect  of  the  department 
or  arrondissement  in  which  the  Exposition  is  opened,  of  a  certificate  describing  the 
object  exhibited. 

Art.  2.  This  certificate  assures  to  its  receiver  the  same  rights  which  a  patent  of 
invention  or  a  legal  registration  of  an  industrial  design  would  grant,  dating  from 
the  day  of  admission  and  extending  to  the  end  of  the  third  month  following  the 
closing  of  the  Exposition,  without  prejudice  to  the  patent  which  the  exhibitor  may 
receive  or  to  the  registration  he  may  effect  before  the  expiration  of  this  period. 

Art.  3.  The  request  for  this  certificate  is  to  be  made  within  the  first  month,  at  very 
latest,  from  the  opening  of  the  Exposition. 

It  is  to  be  addressed  to  the  prefecture,  or  sub-prefecture,  and  to  be  accompanied 
by  an  accurate  description  of  the  thing  to  be  guaranteed,  and,  if  there  be  occasion, 
by  a  plan  or  drawing  of  the  said  article. 

The  requests  as  well  as  the  decisions  made  by  the  prefect  or  sub-prefect  are  to  be 
recorded  in  a  special  register,  which  shall  be  afterwards  transmitted  to  the  depart¬ 
ment  of  agriculture,  commerce,  and  public  works,  and  communication  of  its  contents 
shall  be  made,  without  charge,  on  every  request. 

The  delivery  of  the  certificate  shall  be  free  of  costs. 


190 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


SYSTEM  OF  GENERAL  CLASSIFICATION. 

FIRST  GROUP— WORKS  OF  ART. 

Class  1.— Oil  Paintings. 

Paintings  on  canvas,  panels,  and  various  grounds. 

Class  2.— Paintings  of  Different  Kinds  and  Drawings. 

Miniatures;  paintings,  in  water-colors;  pastel  and  drawings  of  all  kinds:  paintings 
on  enamel,  earthenware,  and  porcelain;  cartoons  for  stained  glass  windows  and 
frescoes. 

Class  3.— Sculpture  and  Engravings  on  Medals. 

Statuary,  bas-relief,  repousse  work  and  chiseled  work.  Medals,  cameos,  engraved 
stones.  Inlaid  enamel  work. 

Class  4.— Architectural  Drawings  and  Models. 

Studies  and  fragments.  Representations  and  plans  of  buildings.  Restorations 
from  ruins  or  documents. 

•Class  5.— Engravings  and  Lithographs. 

Engravings  in  black;  polychromatic  engravings.  Lithographs  in  black,  in  chalk 
and  with  brush;  chromo-lithography. 


SECOND  GROUP-EDUCATION  AND  INSTRUCTION-APPARATUS  AND  PROCESSES  USED  IN  THE 

LIBERAL  ARTS. 

Class  6.— Education  of  Young  Children— Primary  Instruction— Instruc¬ 
tion  of  Adults. 

Plans  and  models  of  infant  asylums,  infant  schools,  orphan  asylums,  rooms  for  the 
care  of  children  and  kindergartens;  arrangement  and  furniture  of  such  establish¬ 
ments;  appliances  for  instruction,  adapted  to  promote  the  physical,  moral  and 
intellectual  development  of  the  child  until  the  age  when  he  enters  school. 

Plans  and  models  of  city  and  country  school-houses;  arrangement  and  furniture 
of  such  establishments.  School  articles,  books,  maps,  apparatus,  models,  etc. 

Plans  and  models  of  schools  for  adults  and  for  industrial  training;  arrangement 
and  furniture  in  such  establishments.  Articles  used  in  the  instruction  of  adults  and 
in  industrial  training. 

Articles  used  in  elementary  instruction  in  its  various  branches. 

Articles  for  elementary  instruction  in  geometrical  and  free-hand  drawing. 

Articles  for  the  instruction  of  the  blind  and  of  deaf  mutes. 

Articles  made  by  pupils  of  both  sexes. 

Libraries  and  publications. 

Class  7.— Organization  and  Appliances  for  Secondary  Instruction. 

Plans  and  models  of  establishments  for  secondary  instruction;  lyceums  for  boys 
and  girls,  gymnasiums,  colleges,  industrial  and  commercial  schools.  Arrangement 
and  furniture  of  such  establishments. 

Collections,  classical  books,  maps,  and  globes.  Articles  used  in  technological  and 
scientific  instruction,  for  instruction  in  the  arts,  in  drawing,  music  and  singing. 

Apparatus  and  methods  used  in  teaching  gymnastics,  fencing,  and  military  exer¬ 
cises. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL— APPENDIX  B.  191 


Class  8. —Organization,  Methods  and  Appliances  for  Higher  Instruction. 

Plans  and  models  of  academies,  universities,  medical  schools,  practical  schools, 
technical  and  industrial  schools,  agricultural  schools,  observatories,  scientific  muse¬ 
ums,  amphitheatres,  laboratories  for  teaching  and  experimenting. 

Furniture  and  arrangements  of  such  establishments. 

Apparatus,  collections,  and  appliances  used  in  higher  instruction  and  in  scientific 
research. 

Special  exhibitions  of  learned,  technical,  agricultural,  commercial,  and  industrial 
institutions  and  societies. 

Scientific  expeditions. 


Class  9.— Printing  and  Books. 

Specimens  of  typography;  autographic  proofs:  lithographic  proofs,  black  or  col¬ 
ored;  proofs  of  engravings. 

New  books  and  new  editions  of  bool^s  already  known;  collections  of  works  form¬ 
ing  special  libraries;  periodical  publications. 

Drawings,  atlases,  and  albums. 

Musical  publications. 

Class  10. — Stationery.  Bookbinding,  and  Articles  Used  in  Painting  and 

Drawing. 

Paper,  cards  and  pasteboards;  inks,  chalks,  pencils,  pastels,  office  furniture  and 
supplies,  inkstands,  letter-scales,  etc.,  and  copying-presses. 

Articles  made  of  paper,  such  as  shades,  lanterns,  flower-pot  covers,  etc. 

Record  books,  copy-books,  albums,  and  note-books;  bindings,  movable  bindings, 
cases,  etc. 

V arious  articles  for  washes  and  water-colors:  paints  in  cakes,  pastilles,  bladders, 
tubes,  and  shells.  Instruments  and  apparatus  for  use  of  painters,  draughtsmen,  and 
modelers. 

Class  11.— Ordinary  Application  of  the  Arts  of  Drawing  and  Modeling. 

Industrial  designs;  designs  obtained,  reproduced,  or  reduced  by  mechanical  proc¬ 
esses.  Decorative  paintings,  lithographs,  chromo- lithographs,  or  engravings  to  be 
used  in  industries.  Patterns  and  models  for  figures,  ornaments,  etc. 

Molded,  stamped,  chiseled  and  carved  articles.  Cameos,  seals,  and  various  articles 
decorated  by  means  of  engraving.  Industrial  decorative  plastic  goods  made  by 
mechanical  process;  reductions,  etc. 

Coins  and  medals. 

Class  12. — Photographic  Proofs  and  Apparatus. 

Photographs  on  paper,  glass,  wood,  textile  fabrics,  enamel,  etc.  Heliographic 
engravings,  lithographic  proofs,  photo-lithographic  proofs,  photographic  negatives, 
stereoscopic  proofs,  and  stereoscopes.  Enlarged  proofs.  Photochromy. 

Instruments,  apparatus,  and  raw  material  used  in  photography.  Articles  used  in 
photographers’  studios. 


Class  18. — Musical  Instruments. 

Non-metallic  wind  instruments  with  simple  mouthpieces,  with  reeds  or  pipes, 
with  or  without  air-reservoirs. 

Metallic  wind  instruments,  simple,  with  extensions,  with  slides,  with  pistons, 
with  keys  and  with  reeds. 


192 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Wind  instruments  with  keyboards;  organs,  accordions,  etc. 

String  instruments,  played  with  the  fingers  or  with  a  bow,  without  keyboards. 

Stringed  instruments  with  keyboards;  pianos,  etc. 

Instruments  played  by  means  of  beating  or  friction. 

Automatic  instruments;  hand  organs  and  bird  organs. 

Separate  parts  of  musical  instruments  and  orchestral  appliances. 

Strings  for  musical  instruments. 

Class  14.— Medicine  and  Surgery.— Veterinary  and  Comparative  Medicine. 

Appliances,  instruments,  and  apparatus  used  in  anatomical,  histological,  and  bac¬ 
teriological  work. 

Normal  and  pathological  anatomical  specimens:  histological  and  bacterioscopical 
preparations. 

Instruments  for  medical  examinations,  both  general  and  special. 

Apparatus  and  instruments  used  in  general,  local,  and  special  surgery. 

Apparatus  used  in  dressing  wounds. 

Apparatus  used  in  plastic  and  mechanical  prothesis;  orthopedic  apparatus;  ap¬ 
paratus  used  in  hernial  surgery;  bath  and  liydrotherapeutic  apparatus;  apparatus 
for  medical  gymnastics;  appliances,  instruments,  and  apparatus  used  in  special 
therapeutics. 

Instruments  used  in  the  practice  of  dental  surgery. 

Miscellaneous  apparatus  for  the  use  of  the  infirm,  sick,  and  insane. 

Accessory  articles  used  in  the  medical,  surgical,  and  pharmaceutical  service  of 
hospitals  and  infirmaries. 

Cases  and  chests  of  instruments  and  medicines  for  the  use  of  army  and  navy  sur¬ 
geons.  Articles  for  use  m  succoring  the  wounded  on  battle-fields. 

Apparatus  for  the  relief  of  the  drowned  and  the  asphyxiated. 

Special  appliances,  instruments,  and  apparatus  used  by  veterinary  surgeons. 

Class  15. — Instruments  of  Precision. 

Philosophical  apparatus  and  instruments. 

Apparatus  and  instruments  used  in  practical  geometry,  surveying,  topography, 
and  geodesy;  drawing  compasses;  calculating  machines;  levels;  compasses; 
barometers,  etc. 

Measuring  apparatus  and  instruments;  verniers,  micrometer  screws,  dividing 
machines,  etc. ;  scales  for  scientific  uses. 

Ordinary  optical  instruments.  Astronomical  instruments.  Physical  and  mete¬ 
orological  instruments,  etc.  Instruments  and  apparatus  used  in  laboratories  and 
observatories. 

Measures  and  weights  of  different  countries. 

Class  16.— Geographical  and  Cosmographical  Maps  and  Apparatus. — 

Topography. 

Geographical,  geological,  hydrographic,  and  astronomical  maps  and  atlases. 

Physical  maps  of  all  kinds.  Plain  or  raised  topographical  maps. 

Terrestrial  and  celestial  globes  and  spheres.  Statistical  works  and  tables.  Tables 
and  ephemerides  for  the  use  of  astronomers  and  navigators. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  B.  193 


THIRD  GROUP.— FURNITURE  AND  ACCESSORIES. 

Class  17. — Cheap  and  Fine  Furniture. 

Sideboards,  book-cases,  tables,  toilet- tables,  bedsteads,  sofas,  chairs,  billiard- 
tables,  etc. 

Class  18.— Upholsterers’  and  Decorators’  Work. 

Bed  furniture,  upholstered  chairs,  canopies,  curtains,  tapestry,  and  other  hang¬ 
ings. 

Articles  for  decorating  and  furnishing.  Molded  pulp,  and  decorative  articles  of 
plaster,  statuary,  pasteboard,  papier-mache,  etc.  Frames.  Paintings  and  decora¬ 
tions  for  churches. 

Ornamental  mantel-pieces. 

Class  19.— Crystal,  Glass,  and  Stained  Glass. 

Crystal  glass  vases  and  goblets;  cut,  double  and  mounted  crystal  glass,  etc.  Or¬ 
dinary  vases  and  goblets.  Common  glassware  and  bottles. 

Glass  for  windows  and  mirrors.  Highly  finished,  enameled,  crackled,  filigreed, 
and  tempered  glass,  etc. 

Glasses  and  crystals  for  optical  purposes;  articles  for  ornament,  etc. 

Stained  glass  for  windows.  Mirrors,  looking-glasses,  etc. 

Class  20.— Ceramics. 

Biscuit  ware,  hard  and  soft  paste  porcelain. 

Fine  earthenware  with  colored  glazing,  etc.  Earthenware  biscuit.  Terra  cotta. 
Enameled  lava.  Bricks  and  tiles.  Ceramic  stoneware. 

Industrial  mosaics  and  enamels. 

Class  21.— Carpets,  Tapestry,  and  Other  Fabrics  Used  in  House-Furnishing. 

Carpets,  moquettes,  and  tapestry,  of  rough  or  velvety  surface.  Carpets  of  felt, 
mats,  etc.  India  rubber  floor  cloths,  etc. 

Fabrics  used  in  furnishing,  such  as  cotton,  wool,  or  silk,  plain  or  figured.  Fab¬ 
rics  of  horsehair,  vegetable,  leathers,  moleskin,  etc.  Leather  used  for  hangings 
and  furniture.  Oil-cloths  and  linoleums. 

Class  22.— Decorated  Papers. 

Printed  papers.  Paper  with  velvety  surface,  marbled,  veined,  etc.  Paper  for 
covers,  for  binding,  etc.  Artistic  papers.  Enameled  and  varnished  papers.  Imi¬ 
tations  of  wood  and  leather.  Painted  or  printed  shades. 

Class  23. — Cutlery. 

Knives,  penknives,  scissors,  razors,  etc.  Various  articles  of  cutlery. 

Class  24.— Goldsmiths’  and  Silversmiths’  Work. 

Church  plate  ;  decorative  and  table  plate  ;  articles  of  gold  and  silver  for  the  toilet, 
for  office  use,  etc. 

H.  Ex.  410 - 13 


194 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Class  25.— Art  Bronzes  and  Castings.— Artistic  Iron- work  and  Repousse 

Metal-work. 

Statues  and  bas-reliefs  in  bronze,  cast-iron,  zinc,  etc.  Castings  with  metallic 
coatings. 

Repousse  work  in  copper,  lead,  zinc,  etc. 

Class  26. — Watches  and  Clocks. 

Separate  parts,  large  or  small,  of  clocks  and  watches. 

Watches,  chronometers,  pedometers,  various  reckoners,  etc.  Mantel  and  other 
clocks  ;  regulators  and  metr  onomes. 

Astronomical  clocks,  marine  chronometers  ;  traveling  clocks,  alarm  clocks,  etc. 
Water  clocks  and  hour-glasses. 

Class  27.— Apparatus  and  Processes  for  Heating.— Apparatus  and  Processes 
for  Lighting  Otherwise  than  by  Electricity. 

Fire-grates,  fire-places,  stoves,  and  furnaces.  Accessory  appliances  in  heating 
houses.  Kitchen  ranges  and  apparatus  for  heating  and  cooking  with  gas. 
Apparatus  for  heating  by  the  circulation  of  hot  water,  steam,  and  heated  air. 
Lamps  for  lighting  by  means  of  various  oils  and  essences. 

Accessory  articles  for  lighting.  Matches. 

Apparatus  and  accessory  appliances  for  lighting  by  gas. 

Apparatus  for  lighting  by  means  of  magnesium,  etc. 

Class  28.— Perfumery. 

Cosmetics  and  pomatums.  Perfumed  oils  ;  extracts  and  scented  waters  ;  aro¬ 
matic  vinegars ;  almond  pastes ;  powders,  pastilles,  and  scent-bags ;  perfumes  for 
burning ;  toilet  soaps. 

Raw  materials  for  perfumery. 

Class  29.— Leather  Work— Fancy  Wooden  Articles— Baskets  and  Brushes. 

Dressing-cases  and  small  fancy  articles  of  furniture;  liqueur-cases  and  glove-boxes. 
Caskets.  Cases  and  bags,  jewel-boxes.  Purses,  pocket-books,  note-books,  and 
cigar-cases. 

Turned,  lathe-worked,  carved  and  engraved  articles  of  wood,  ivory,  shell,  etc.  ; 
tobacco  boxes  ;  pipes. 

Fine  combs  ;  fine  toilet  brushes. 

Miscellaneous  lacquer  articles. 

Baskets  and  fancy  baskets;  wicker-work  articles  and  fine  straw  goods. 

Coarse  brushes;  feather  dusters. 

Paint  brushes. 

FOURTH  GROUP _ TEXTILE  FABRICS,  WEARING  APPAREL,  AND  ACCESSORIES. 

Class  30. — Cotton  Thread  and  Fabrics. 

Prepared  and  spun  cotton. 

Pure  cotton  fabrics,  plain  or  figured. 

Fabrics  of  mixed  cotton. 

Cotton  velvet. 

Cotton  ribbons. 

Bedclothes. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  B.  195 


Class  31.— Thread  and  Fabrics  of  Hemp,  Flax,  etc. 

Flax,  hemp,  and  other  spun  vegetable  fibers. 

L'nen  and  drills.  Cambric.  Linen  fabrics,  mixed  with  cotton  or  silk. 

Fabrics  of  vegetable  fibers,  other  than  those  of  cotton,  flax,  and  hemp. 

Class  32.— Threads  and  Fabrics  of  Combed  Wool— Threads  and  Fabrics 

of  Carded  Wool. 

Combed  wool;  woolen  yarn. 

Muslins,  Scotch  cassimeres,  merinos,  serges,  etc. 

Woolen  ribbons  and  laces  mixed  with  cotton,  thread,  with  silk  or  floss  silk. 
Fabrics  of  hair,  pure  or  mixed. 

Woolen  shawls,  pure  or  mixed. 

Cashmere  shawls. 

Carded  wool;  worsted  yarn. 

Cloths  and  other  fabrics  of  carded  wool. 

Blankets.  Felt  of  wool  or  hair,  for  carpets  and  hats. 

Woolen  foot-wear. 

Fabrics  of  carded  wool,  unfulled  or  slightly  fulled;  such  as  flannels,  tartans, 
wansdown,  etc. 


Class  33. — Silks  and  Silk  Fabrics. 

Raw  and  thrown  silks;  floss  silk  yarn. 

Fabrics  of  pure  silk,  plain,  figured,  and  embossed. 

Fabrics  of  silk  mixed  with  gold,  silver,  cotton,  wool,  thread,  etc. 

Fabrics  of  floss  silk,  pure  or  mixed. 

Velvets  and  plushes. 

Ribbons  of  pure  or  mixed  silk. 

Shawls  of  pure  or  mixed  silk. 

Class  34.— Laces,  Net,  Embroidery  and  Trimmings. 

Laces  of  thread  and  cotton,  made  with  the  spindle,  needle,  or  loom. 

Laces  of  silk,  wool,  or  mohair. 

Silver  and  gold  lace. 

Silk  and  cotton  net,  plain  or  figured. 

Embroidering  in  tambour  work,  crocheting,  etc.  Embroidery  in  gold,  silver,  and 
silk.  Sacerdotal  vestments.  Embroidery,  tapestry,  and  other  work  done  by  hand. 

Trimmings  of  silk,  floss  silk,  wool,  mohair,  sundry  kinds  of  hair,  horsehair, 
thread  and  cotton;  braids,  etc. 

Fine  and  imitation  lace  work  and  trimmings.  Special  lace  work  and  trimmings 
for  military  equipments. 


Class  35.— Articles  of  Hosiery  and  Underclothing — Accessories  of 

Wearing  Apparel. 

Hosiery  of  cotton,  thread,  wool,  and  silk  cashmere,  or  of  floss  silk,  pure  or  mixed. 
Elastic  fabrics;  knit  goods.  Made  garments  for  men,  women,  and  children;  baby 
linen.  Flannel  goods  and  other  woolen  garments. 

Corsets,  cravats,  gloves,  gaiters,  garters,  suspenders,  buttons,  fans,  screens,  um¬ 
brellas,  sunshades,  canes,  etc. 


196 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Class  36.— Wearing  Apparel  for  Both  Sexes. 

Men's  clothes;  women’s  clothes. 

Hats  and  head-wear  for  both  sexes;  artificial  flowers  and  feathers. 

Wigs  and  hair- work. 

Boots,  shoes,  etc. 

Children’s  garments. 

Special  garments  for  different  occupations. 

Native  costumes  of  different  countries. 

Class  37.— Jewelry  and  Precious  Stones. 

Jewelry  in  precious  metals,  carved,  filigreed,  adorned  with  precious  stones,  etc. 
Plated  and  imitation  jewelry. 

Ornaments  of  jet,  amber,  coral,  mother-of-pearl,  steel,  etc. 

Diamonds,  precious  stones,  pearls  and  imitations. 

Class  38.— Portable  Weapons— Hunting. 

Defensive  armor:  cuirasses,  helmets. 

Blunt  weapons:  clubs,  bludgeons,  etc. 

Side-arms:  swords,  sabers,  bayonets,  lances,  axes  and  hunting  knives. 

Missile  weapons:  bows,  cross-bows,  etc. 

Fire-arms:  guns,  rifles,  pistols,  revolvers. 

Gunsmiths’  accessory  articles. 

Solid  or  hollow  projectiles,  explosives.  Percussion  caps,  primers,  cartridges. 
Hunting  equipments;  articles  used  in  training  dogs. 

Articles  used  in  fencing  halls. 

Class  39.— Articles  for  Traveling  and  Camp  Equipage. 

Trunks,  valises,  saddle-bags,  etc.  Dressing  and  traveling  cases,  miscellaneous 
articles.  Traveling  rugs;  cushions;  headwear;  waterproof  garments;  shod  staffs; 
grapnel  hooks;  umbrellas. 

Portable  articles  specially  designed  for  travelers  and  scientific  expeditions;  imple¬ 
ments  and  equipments  for  geologists,  mineralogists,  naturalists,  settlers,  pioneers,, 
etc. 

Tents  and  camp  equipage.  Beds,  hammocks,  seats,  folding-chairs,  etc. 

Class  40.— Toys. 

Dolls  and  toys;  wax  and  other  figures. 

Games  for  the  amusement  of  children  or  adults. 

Instructive  and  scientific  toys. 

FIFTH  GROUP _ MINING  INDUSTRIES— RAW  AND  MANUFACTURED  PRODUCTS. 

Class  41.— Products  of  Mining  and  Metallurgy. 

Collections  and  specimens  of  rocks,  minerals  and  ores.  Ornamental  rocks.  Hard 
rocks.  Refractory  substances.  Earths  and  clays.  Various  mineral  products.  Raw 
sulphur.  Rock  salt,  salt  from  salt  springs. 

Mineral  fuels:  various  kinds  of  coal;  residua  and  agglomerates.  Asphalts  and 
asphaltic  rocks.  Bitumen.  Mineral  tar.  Crude  petroleum,  etc. 

Crude  metals:  cast-iron,  wrought-iron,  steel,  iron  having  the  nature  of  steel,, 
copper,  lead,  silver,  zinc,  etc.  Metallic  alloys. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  B.  197 


Products  of  the  art  of  washing  ashes,  refining  precious  metals,  gold-beating,  etc. 

Products  of  the  working  of  crude  metals;  castings,  bells,  commercial  iron;  special 
kinds  of  iron;  sheet-iron  and  tin;  plates  for  sheeting  and  constructions,  etc. 

Sheet-iron  coated  with  zinc  or  lead,  etc. ;  copper,  lead  and  zinc  sheets,  etc. 

Wrought  metals:  forge-work  and  other  iron-work;  wheels  and  tires;  unwelded 
pipes,  chains,  etc. 

Products  of  wire-drawing.  Needles,  pins;  wire  cables;  lattices;  wire  gauzes; 
perforated  iron. 

Hardware,  edge-tools,  ironmongery,  copper  sheets,  sheet-iron  work,  scrap  iron 
and  tinware. 

Various  wrought  metals. 

Class  42.— Products  of  Forest  Growth  and  Forest  Industries. 

Specimens  of  forest  species. 

Wood  for  working,  fuel  and  building  purposes.  Timber  for  ship-building;  staves; 
split  woods. 

Cork;  textile  barks.  Tanning,  dyeing,  scenting  and  resinous  substances,  etc. 

Products  of  forest  industries:  dried  wood  and  charcoal;  potash  in  the  raw  state; 
articles  manufactured  by  the  cooper,  the  basket-maker,  the  maker  of  fine  straw 
goods,  wooden  shoes,  etc. 

Class  43. — Products  of  Hunting. — Products  of  Fisheries,  Apparatus  and  In¬ 
struments  for  Fishing,  and  for  Gathering  Fruits  of  Natural  Growth. 

Collections  and  drawings  of  land  and  amphibious  animals,  birds,  eggs,  fishes,  ceta¬ 
cea,  mollusks  and  Crustacea,. 

Products  of  hunting:  furs  and  skins,  hair,  bristles,  feathers,  down,  horns,  teeth, 
ivory,  bones,  shells,  musks,  castoreum,  and  simi’ar  products. 

Products  of  fisheries:  whale-oil,  spermaceti,  etc.;  whalebone,  ambergris,  mol- 
lusk-shells,  pearls,  mother-of-pearl,  sepia,  purple,  corals  sponges,  etc. 

Products  of  fruit  growth  or  of  crops  obtained  without  cultivation:  mushrooms, 
truffles,  wild  fruits,  lichens  used  in  dyeing  ;  food  and  fodder  ;  fermented  saps;  Peru¬ 
vian  bark;  useful  barks  and  filaments,  wax,  resinous  gums,  raw  India  rubber,  gutta¬ 
percha,  etc. 

Traps  and  snares:  fishing  lines  and  hooks,  harpoons,  nets,  apparatus  and  bait  for 
fishing. 

Apparatus  and  instruments  for  gathering  products  obtained  without  cultivation. 

Class  44. — Agricultural  Products  not  Used  for  Food. 

Textile  materials :  raw  cotton,  flax  and  hemp,  scutched  and  unscutched;  textile 
vegetable  fibers  of  every  kind;  raw  wool,  washed  and  unwashed;  silk-worm  cocoons. 

Various  agricultural  products  employed  in  industry,  pharmacy,  and  for  domestic 
purposes;  oleaginous  plants,  oils,  wax,  resins. 

Leaf  or  manufactured  tobacco.  Touchwood.  Tanning  and  dyeing  substances. 

Preserved  fodder  and  substances  specially  intended  for  feeding  animals. 


Class  45. — Chemical  and  Pharmaceutical  Products. 

Acids,  alkalies,  salts  of  all  kinds,  sea  salts  and  products  resulting  from  the  treat¬ 
ment  of  mother-waters. 

Various  products  of  the  chemical  industries;  wax  and  fatty  substances;  soaps  and 
candles;  rosins,  tars  and  derivative  substances;  essences  and  varnishes;  glues  and 
gelatines;  printing  inks;  different  coatings,  blackings  and  waxings. 

Raw  materials  used  in  pharmacy:  simple  and  compound  medicines. 


198 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Products  of  the  India-rubber  and  gutta-percha  industries;  dyeing  substances  and 
colors. 

Products  derived  from  the  treatment  of  mineral  matters  utilized  for  lighting.  Re¬ 
fined  petroleum. 

Class  46.— Chemical  Methods  of  Bleaching,  Dyeing,  Printing  and  Finishing. 

Specimens  of  threads  and  stuffs,  bleached  and  dyed.  Samples  of  dyeing  prepa¬ 
rations. 

Specimens  of  printed  or  dyed  linen  and  cotton  prints,  pure  or  mixed.  Specimens 
of  woolen  prints,  pure  or  mixed,  combed  or  carded. 

Specimens  of  silk  prints,  pure  or  mixed. 

Specimens  of  printed  felt  or  cloth  carpet  and  of  oil-cloths. 

Class  47.— Leathers  and  Skins. 

Raw  materials  used  in  the  preparation  of  skins  and  leather. 

Raw  hides;  salted  hides.  Tanned,  curried,  dressed  or  dyed  leather.  Varnished 
leather. 

Morocco  and  sheepskins;  skins  grained,  chamoied,  tawed,  dressed  or  dyed. 
Skins  prepared  for  gloves.  Parchments. 

Articles  of  gut- work;  gold-beaters’  skins;  bulls’  sinews,  etc. 


SIXTH  GROUP.-APPARATUS  AND  PROCESSES  OF  MECHANICAL  INDUSTRIES  -ELECTRICITY. 
Class  48.— Apparatus  and  Methods  of  Working  Mines  and  of  Metallurgy. 

Apparatus  for  exploration  by  borings,  for  artesian  wells  and  for  wells  of  large  sec¬ 
tions. 

Models,  plans  and  views  of  the  works  of  mines  and  quarries.  Works  for  obtain¬ 
ing  the  flow  of  mineral  waters. 

Machines  and  apparatus  used  for  extracting  ores,  and  for  lowering  and  hoisting 
workmen  in  the  mine. 

Machines  for  drainage;  pumps. 

Ventilating  apparatus;  ventilators. 

Safety  lamps;  safety  apparatus;  parachutes;  signals. 

Apparatus  for  the  mechanical  preparation  of  ores  and  mineral  fuel. 

Apparatus  for  compressing  fuel. 

Apparatus  for  carbonizing  fuel;  metallurgic  hearths  and  furnaces;  smoke-con¬ 
suming  apparatus. 

Appliances  of  metallurgic  works. 

Special  appliances  for  forges  and  foundries. 

Appliances  for  shops  for  working  metals  of  all  kinds. 

Class  49.— Apparatus  and  Methods  of  Farming  and  Forestry. 

Plans  for  the  cultivation,  distribution,  and  management  of  crops. 

Appliances  and  works  for  agricultural  engineering;  drainage;  sub-soil  drainage; 
irrigation.  Plans  and  models  of  rural  buildings. 

Tools,  implements,  machines,  and  apparatus  used  for  plowing  and  other  workings 
of  the  ground  in  sowing  and  planting,  harvesting,  preparing,  and  preserving  the 
products  of  cultivation. 

Various  agricultural  machines  moved  by  teams  or  steam. 

Appliances  for  carts  and  agricultural  conveyances. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  B.  199 


Movable  steam-engines  for  special  purposes  and  horse-gins. 

Fertilizers  of  organic  or  mineral  origin. 

Apparatus  for  the  physical  and  the  chemical  study  of  soils. 

Plans  of  methods  of  replanting,  managing,  and  cultivating  forests. 

Apparatus  used  in  forest  work  and  forest  industries. 

Class  50.— Apparatus  and  Methods  Used  in  Agricultural  Work  and 

Food  Industries. 

Appliances  for  agricultural  work;  manufactories  of  artificial  fertilizers,  of  drain¬ 
age  pipes,  flour-mills,  farina-mills,  starch-mills,  oil-mills,  breweries,  distilleries, 
sugar  works,  refineries,  workshops  for  the  preparation  of  textile  materials,  silk¬ 
worm  nurseries,  etc. 

Appliances  for  the  manufacture  of  alimentary  products;  kneading-machines  and 
mechanical  ovens  for  bakers;  pastry  and  confectionery  utensils. 

Apparatus  for  the  manufacture  of  doughs  for  food,  sea-biscuit,  etc.  Machines  for 
making  chocolate.  Apparatus  for  roasting  coffee. 

Preparation  of  ices  and  sherbets;  manufacture  and  preservation  of  ice. 

Class  51.— Apparatus  Used  in  Chemistry,  Pharmacy,  and  Tanning. 

Laboratory  utensils  and  apparatus;  enameling  lamps;  blow-pipes. 

Apparatus  and  instruments  for  industrial  and  commercial  experiments. 

Appliances  and  apparatus  of  the  manufactories  of  chemical  products;  soaps  and 
candles. 

Appliances  and  methods  of  the  manufacture  of  essences,  varnishes,  articles  of 
india-rubber  and  gutta-percha. 

Appliances  of  factories  treating  mineral  substances  used  in  lighting. 

Appliances  and  methods  of  bleaching  works. 

Appliances  for  the  preparation  of  pharmaceutical  products. 

Appliances  of  factories  for  tanning  and  dressing  leather. 

Appliances  and  methods  of  glass  works,  and  manufactories  of  ceramic  products. 
Class  52.— Machines  and  Apparatus  of  General  Mechanics. 

Separate  pieces  of  machinery.  Bearings,  rollers,  slide-bars,  eccentrics,  gearings, 
connecting-rods,  parallel  motions  and  joints,  pulleys,  belts,  transmissions  by  ropes, 
etc.  Couplings,  clutches,  etc.  Regulators  and  governors.  Apparatus  for  greasing 
and  oiling. 

Counters  and  registers.  Dynamometers,  pressure-gauges,  weighing-machines. 
Apparatus  for  measuring  liquids  and  gases. 

Machines  used  for  moving  heavy  weights. 

Hydraulic  lifting  machines:  norias,  pumps,  tympans,  hydraulic  rams,  etc. 

Hydraulic  motors:  wheels,  turbines,  water-pressure  engines. 

Hydraulic  presses. 

Engines  moved  by  steam:  stationary  engines,  partially  stationary  engines, 
movable  engines.  Boilers,  steam-generators,  and  accessory  apparatus. 

Apparatus  for  condensing  vapors. 

Engines  run  by  other  vapors  than  steam;  by  combined  vapors. 

Gas,  hot-air,  and  compressed-air  engines. 

Apparatus  for  the  transmission  of  power  by  water  and  by  air. 

Wind-mills  and  wind- vanes. 

Balloons. 

Cements  and  non-conducting  preparations. 


200 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Class  53.— Machine  Tools. 

Turning  lathes  and  machines  for  boring  and  planing,  mortise-cutting  machines, 
drilling-machines,  cutting-presses,  shaping-machines,  tenoning-machines,  punching- 
machines,  tapping-machines,  screw-cutting  machines,  riveting-machines,  etc.  Per¬ 
forators.  Various  tools  used  in  machine-shops. 

Stones  for  sharpening,  scraping,  polishing,  etc. 

Tools,  machines,  and  apparatus  used  for  pressing,  crushing,  working  up,  stamp¬ 
ing,  and  beating  out,  etc. 

Machines  for  sawing  and  polishing  hard  stones,  marbles,  etc. 

Special  machine  tools  used  in  various  industries. 

Class  54.— Appliances  and  Methods  of  Spinning  and  Rope-Making 

Appliances  for  hand-spinning.  Separate  pieces  pertaining  to  the  appliances  of 
spinning-mills.  Machines  and  apparatus  used  in  the  preparation  and  spinning  of 
textile  substances.  Apparatus  and  methods  used  in  the  operations  complementary 
to  these:  drawing,  winding,  twisting,  and  throwing  ;  mechanical  finishing.  Appa¬ 
ratus  for  drying  and  determining  the  thickness  and  numbering  the  threads. 

Appliances  of  rope-walks.  Round  cables,  flat  cables,  tapering  cables,  ropes, 
twine,  wire  cables,  cables  with  metal  core,  fuses,  quick  matches,  etc. 

Class  55. — Apparatus  and  Methods  of  Weaving. 

Appliances  used  in  preparatory  operations  for  weaving:  machines  for  warping, 
winding.  Lisages. 

Hand  and  mechanical  looms  for  the  manufacture  of  plain  fabrics.  Looms  for 
the  manufacture  of  figured  and  embroidered  stuffs.  Damask  looms. 

Looms  for  manufacturing  carpets  and  tapestries. 

Looms  and  machines  for  the  manufacture  of  hoisery  and  net. 

Appliances  for  lace-making.  Appliances  for  making  trimmings. 

Upright  looms  and  methods  of  spooling.  Accessory  apparatus:  machines  for  full¬ 
ing,  calendering,  embossing,  watering,  measuring,  folding,  etc. 

Class  56.— Appliances  and  Methods  of  Sewing  and  Making  Articles  o 

Clothing. 

Ordinary  tools  of  shops  for  sewing  and  making  garments.  Machines  for  sewing, 
stitching,  hemming,  and  embroidering. 

Cutters  for  stuffs  and  leathers  for  the  manufacture  of  articles  of  clothing  and 
shoes. 

Machines  for  making,  nailing,  and  screwing  shoes. 

Machines  for  utilizing  India-rubber. 

Class  57.— Appliances  and  Methods  of  Manufacture  of  Articles  for  Fur¬ 
niture  and  Dwellings. 

Machine  tools  for  the  preparation  and  working  of  wood  ;  planing-machines,  shap¬ 
ing-machines,  saws  of  all  kinds,  mortising-machines,  etc.  Machines  for  making 
barrels.  Machines  for  cutting  cork,  etc. 

Machines  for  cutting  veneers.  Saws  for  scrolls,  profiles,  etc. 

Machines  for  cutting  moldings,  borders  for  frames,  floor  squares,  furniture,  etc. 
Turning  lathes  and  different  apparatus  of  joiners  and  cabinet-makers  ;  machines 
for  sharpening  saws. 

Machines  and  apparatus  for  working  in  stucco,  papier  mache,  ivory,  bone, 
horn,  etc. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  B.  201 

Machines  for  pointing,  sculpturing,  reducing  statues,  engraving  and  engine-turn¬ 
ing,  etc. 

Brick  machines,  tile  machines  ;  machines  for  making  artificial  stones,  drawing 
out,  compressing  ceramic  products.  Kneaders,  grinders,  and  other  machines  for 
making  bricks,  pipes,  and  pottery  for  buildings. 

Class  58.— Appliances  and  Methods  of  Paper  Manufacture,  Coloring  and 

Printing. 

Appliances  and  products  of  the  manufacture  of  paper  pulp  of  wood,  straw, 
alfa,  etc. 

Methods  and  products  of  the  bleaching  of  wood  fibres. 

Appliances  for  the  manufacture  of  paper  by  vat  and  by  machine. 

Apparatus  for  pressing,  glazing,  watering,  embossing,  water-marking,  and  ruling 
paper.  Machines  for  cutting,  paring,  and  stamping  paper,  etc. 

Appliances  for  bleaching,  coloring,  and  finishing  paper  and  tissues. 

Appliances  for  printing  paper-hangings  and  tissues.  Machines  for  engraving 
printing  rollers. 

Appliances,  apparatus  and  products  for  type  foundries,  stereotype  plates,  etc. 

Machines  and  apparatus  employed  in  printing,  stereotyping,  copper-plate  print¬ 
ing,  autography,  lithography,  engraving  on  copper,  engraving  on  zinc,  cliromolitho- 
graphy,  etc.  Machines  for  setting  up  and  distributing  type.  Printing  of  bank¬ 
notes,  postage-stamps,  etc. 

Class  59.— Machines,  Instruments,  and  Methods  Used  in  Various  Occupations. 

Coining-presses. 

Machines  used  in  the  nianufacture  of  buttons,  pens,  pins,  letter-envelopes  ;  ma¬ 
chines  for  packing,  making  brushes  and  cards  ;  manufacturing  capsules  ;  for  fix¬ 
ing  lead  seals  to  merchandise  ;  corking  bottles,  etc. 

Tools  and  methods  of  manufacture  of  articles  of  clock-work,  toys,  inlaid  work, 
basket-work,  etc. 

Machines  for  book-binding.  Writing  machines. 

Appliances,  instruments,  and  machines  for  the  manufacture  of  tobacco. 

Class  60. — Carriage-making,  Wheelwrights’  Work,  Harness-making  and 

Saddlery. 

Separate  parts  of  carriage-makers’  and  wheelwrights’  work  ;  wheels,  tires,  axles, 
hubs,  iron-work,  etc.  Springs  and  various  systems  of  hanging  carriages. 

Methods  of  harnessing.  Brakes. 

Products  of  the  wheelwrights’  work  ;  wagons,  carts,  drays,  vehicles  for  special 
purposes. 

Products  of  carriage-building,  carriages  for  hire,  state  carriages,  private  car¬ 
riages,  sedan  chairs,  litters,  sleighs,  etc.,  velocipedes. 

Articles  of  harness  and  saddlery  ;  pack-saddles,  saddles,  stretchers  for  convey¬ 
ing  the  wounded  ;  bridles  and  harness  for  riding  animals,  beasts  of  burden  and 
draught  horses  ;  stirrups,  spurs,  driving  and  riding  whips. 

Class  61.— Railroad  Appliances. 

Separate  parts:  springs,  buffers,  brakes,  etc. 

Permanent  way:  rails,  chairs,  fish-plates,  crossings,  switches,  turn-tables  ;  buf¬ 
fers  ;  water-cranes  and  water-tanks  ;  optical  and  acoustic  signals.  Various  kinds 
of  safety  apparatus,  block  system. 

Fixed  appliances  for  tramways. 


202 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Rolling-stock:  passenger-cars,  construction-cars,  freight-cars,  cattle-cars,  locomo¬ 
tives,  tenders. 

Self-moving  carriages  and  road  engines. 

Special  machines  and  tools  for  shops  of  maintenance,  repair,  and  the  construction 
of  appliances. 

Appliances  and  machines  for  inclined  planes  and  self-acting  planes  ;  models  of 
engines,  systems  of  traction  and  apparatus  relating  to  railways. 

Rolling-stock  for  tramways  of  various  kinds. 

Models,  plans  and  drawings  for  depots,  stations,  car-houses,  and  other  buildings 
necessary  for  the  working  of  railroads. 

Class  62.— Electricity. 

Production  of  electricity:  static  electricity,  piles  and  accessories,  magneto-elec¬ 
trical  and  dynamo-electrical  machines,  accumulators. 

Transmission  of  electricity:  cables,  wires,  and  accessories  ;  lightning-rods. 

Electrometry:  apparatus  for  electrical  measurements.  Registers  of  electricity. 

Applications  of  electricity:  telegraphy,  signals,  telephony,  microphony,  photo¬ 
phony,  electric  light,  electric  motors,  electrical  locomotion,  conveyance  and  distribu¬ 
tion  of  force,  transformers.  Medical  electricity,  electro-chemistry.  Electro-mag¬ 
nets  and  magnets,  compasses.  Electrical  clock-work. 

Various  kinds  of  apparatus. 

Class  68. — Appliances  and  Methods  of  Civil  Engineering,  of  Public  Works 

and  Architecture. 

Building  materials,  rocks,  woods,  metals,  ornamental  stones  ;  limes,  mortars, 
cements,  artificial  stones  and  concretes  :  roofing  tiles,  bricks,  paving-tiles  ;  slates, 
roofing-paper  and  felts  for  roofs. 

Appliances  and  products  of  methods  employed  for  the  preservation  of  woo L 
Apparatus  and  instruments  for  testing  building  materials. 

Appliances  for  earth-work  ;  excavators.  Apparatus  used  in  work-yards.  Tools 
and  methods  used  by  stone  dressers  and  cutters,  masons,  carpenters,  roofers,  lock¬ 
smiths,  joiners,  glaziers,  plumbers,  house-painters,  etc. 

Fine  locksmiths’  work:  safes,  locks,  padlocks,  railings,  balconies,  bannisters. 

Appliances  and  machines  for  foundation  work:  pile-drivers  and  pile  work,  screw 
piles,  pumps,  pneumatic  apparatus,  dredges,  etc.  Appliances  for  hydraulic  works 
in  seaports,  canals,  rivers. 

Appliances  and  apparatus  used  in  the  supply  of  water  and  gas.  Appliances  used 
in  the  maintenance  of  roads,  plantations,  walks. 

Lighthouses. 

Special  appliances  for  telegraphing  by  compressed  air. 

Models,  plans,  and  drawings  of  public  works  ;  bridges,  viaducts,  aqueducts,  sew¬ 
ers,  canal-bridges,  locks,  dams. 

Models,  plans,  and  drawings  of  public  buildings  for  special  purposes  ;  buildings 
for  civil  purposes  ;  large  and  small  houses  for  letting  ;  settlements  and  dwellings 
for  workmen. 

Class  64.— Hygiene  and  Public  Charities. 

Appliances,  instruments,  and  apparatus  used  in  hygienic  investigations. 

Sanitary  appliances  and  methods  for  dwelling-houses,  buildings,  and  cities  ;  di¬ 
rect  renewal  of  air,  heating,  ventilating,  lighting,  in  their  relation  to  health  :  con¬ 
duits  for  water  and  sewerage,  drains  and  sewers  ;  flushing  tanks,  hydraulic  syphons, 
water-closets,  public  and  private  urinals,  sinks,  close-stools,  night-soil  apparatus, 
sanitary  plumbing,  walls,  bricks,  roofs,  flooring,  etc. 

Apparatus  for  carrying  off,  receiving  and  treating  sewerage. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  B.  203 


Apparatus  and  methods  for  filtering  water. 

Apparatus  intended  for  the  prevention  of  infectious  diseases  ;  methods,  materials 
and  instruments  for  purifying,  destroying  germs,  and  disinfecting. 

Apparatus  and  instruments  for  interring  and  destroying  dead  bodies  in  cemeteries 
and  on  battle-fields  ;  cremation. 

Plans,  models,  and  documents  of  health  offices,  national,  departmental,  and  mu¬ 
nicipal. 

Appliances  and  methods  of  industrial  and  professional  hygiene. 

Plans,  models,  arrangement  and  furniture  of  hospitals,  various  asylums,  houses 
of  refuge,  of  retreat,  insane  asylums,  infant  asylums,  etc. 

Plans,  models,  specimens  of  civil  and  military  ambulances. 

Mineral  waters  and  waters  charged  with  natural  or  artificial  gases. 

Class  65.— Navigation  and  Life-Saving. 

Drawings  and  models  of  stocks,  graving  docks,  floating  docks,  etc. 

Drawings  and  models  of  vessels  of  all  kinds  used  for  river  and  sea  navigation. 
Plans  and  models  of  systems  of  construction  adopted  in  the  merchant-service  and 
in  the  navy.  Torpedo-boats. 

Ships’  boats  and  small  craft. 

Appliances  for  rigging  ships  ;  cranes,  capstans.  Steam  capstans.  Steering  gear. 

Equipment. 

Flags  and  signals.  Apparatus  intended  to  prevent  collision  at  sea.  Buoys,  bea¬ 
cons,  etc. 

Apparatus  for  swimming,  diving  and  life-saving,  practically  exhibited  ;  life-pre¬ 
servers,  swimming-belts,  etc. ;  diving-bells,  nautiluses,  diving-armor,  etc.  Subma¬ 
rine  boats,  appliances  of  maritime  life-saving  service  ;  mortars  for  casting  lines  ; 
life-boats,  etc.  Apparatus  for  life-saving  in  case  of  fire  and  other  accidents. 

Pleasure  boats. 

Class  66.— Apparatus  and  Methods  of  the  Art  of  War. 

Works  of  military  engineering  ;  fortifications. 

Artillery,  arms,  gun-carriages,  and  projectiles  of  all  kinds. 

Equipment,  clothing,  and  camp  material. 

Appliances  for  military  transports. 

Military  topography  and  geography. 


SEVENTH  GROUP.— FOOD  PRODUCTS. 

Class  67. — Cereals. — Farinaceous  Products  with  their  Derivatives. 

Wheat,  rye,  barley,  rice,  maize,  millet,  and  other  cereals  in  the  grain,  and  when 
ground. 

Hulled  grain  and  oatmeal  and  grits. 

Starch  from  potatoes,  rice,  lentils,  etc.,  gluten. 

Tapioca,  sago,  arrow-root,  various  starches,  mixed  farinaceous  products. 

Italian  paste,  semolino,  vermicelli,  maccaroni. 

Alimentary  preparations  as  substitutes  for  bread,  nouilles,  pap,  pastry  of  domestic 
make. 

Class  68.— Products  of  the  Bakery  and  Pastry  Shop. 

Various  kinds  of  bread,  with  or  without  yeast ;  fancy  bread  and  bread  in  shapes  ; 
compressed  bread  for  traveling,  military  campaigns,  etc.  ;  sea  biscuit. 

Various  kinds  of  pastry  peculiar  to  each  country.  Gingerbread  and  dry  cakes  fit 
for  preservation. 


204 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OE  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Class  69.— Fat  Substances  Used  for  Food,  Milk  Products  and  Eggs. 
Eatable  fats  and  oils. 

Fresh  milk,  preserved  milk;  salt  and  fresh  butter;  cheeses. 

Eggs  of  all  kinds. 

Class  70.— Meats  and  Fishes. 

Salt  meats  of  every  kind.  Meats  preserved  by  various  processes.  Meat  and  soup 
cakes.  Hams  and  prepared  meats. 

Poultry  and  game. 

Salt  fish,  packed  fish,  codfish,  herrings,  etc.;  fish  preserved  in  oil;  sardines, 
pickled  tunny-fish,  etc. 

Crustacea  and  shell-fish:  Lobsters,  shrimps,  oysters;  preserved  oysters,  ancho¬ 
vies,  etc. 

Class  71.— Vegetables  and  Fruits. 

Tubers,  potatoes,  etc. 

Dry  farinaceous  vegetables:  beans,  lentils,  etc. 

Green  vegetables  for  cooking:  cabbages,  etc. 

Vegetable  roots:  carrots,  turnips,  etc. 

Vegetables  used  for  seasoning:  onions,  garlic,  etc. 

Salads,  gourds,  pumpkins,  melons,  etc. 

Vegetables  preserved  by  various  processes. 

Fresh  fruits;  fruits  dried  and  prepared;  prunes,  figs,  raisins,  etc. 

Fruits  preserved  without  sugar. 

Class  72. —  Condiments  and  Stimulants;  Sugar  and  Products  of  Confec¬ 
tionery. 

Spices.  Pepper,  cinnamon,  allspice,  etc. 

Table  salt. 

Vinegars. 

Condiments  and  compound  stimulants:  mustards,  karis,  sauces,  etc. 

Teas,  coffees  and  aromatic  drinks;  coffees  of  chicory  and  sweet  acorns. 
Chocolates. 

Sugars,  for  domestic  and  other  uses. 

Various  products  of  confectionery:  sugar-plums,  sugar  bon-bons,  soft  bon-bons, 
nougat,  angelica,  aniseed,  preserves,  and  jellies. 

Conserves. 

Fruits  preserved  in  brandy. 

Syrups  and  sugared  liquors. 

Class  78.— Fermented  Drinks. 

Ordinary  wines,  white  and  red. 

Cordials  and  sweet  wines. 

Sparkling  wines. 

Ciders,  perry  and  other  beverages  made  from  cereals. 

Fermented  beverages  of  every  kind. 

Brandies  and  alcohols. 

Spirituous  liquors,  gin,  rum,  tafia,  kirsch,  etc. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  B. 


205 


EIGHTH  GROUP— AGRICULTURE,  CULTIVATION  OF  THE  VINE,  AND  FISH  CULTURE. 

Class  73  bis. — Agronomy. — Agricultural  Statistics. 

Studies  concerning  the  waters,  the  soils,  the  climates,  and  rural  populations. 
Divisions  of  lands  and  cultivations. 

Agricultural  statistics;  agrological,  hydrographical,  climacteric  maps,  agronomi¬ 
cal  maps.  Tables,  plans,  models. 

Agronomical  stations;  agricultural  laboratories. 

Agricultural  syndicates,  societies,  and  meetings. 

Institutions  of  credit,  charity,  of  protection  for  rural  population;  mortgage  com¬ 
panies,  agricultural  banks,  people’s  banks, co-operative  insurance,  savings  banks,  etc. 

Legislative  measures;  rural  code,  special  laws. 

Official  agricultural  administration;  works  and  publications.  Agricultural  mis¬ 
sions. 

Class  73  ter.— Organization,  Methods,  and  Appliances  of  Agricultural 

Instruction. 

Plans,  models,  and  programmes  of  the  agricultural  primary  schools,  agricultura 
orphan  asylums,  farming  schools  or  apprentices’  schools. 

Methods  and  apparatus  of  instruction,  fields  for  experimenting,  etc. 

Work  done  by  pupils. 

Plans  and  models  of  practical  agricultural  schools,  of  special  schools  of  vine  cult¬ 
ure,  horticulture,  and  forestry,  etc. 

Method  and  apparatus  of  instruction. 

Wo  -k  done  by  masters;  specimens  of  work  done  by  pupils. 

Plans  and  models  of  national  schools  of  agriculture,  of  agricultural  academies. 
Veterinary  schools.  Schools  of  forestry.  Agricultural  high  schools,  agronomical 
institutes. 

Methods  and  apparatus  of  instruction. 

Work  of  professors,  specimens  of  pupils’  work. 

Class  74.— Specimens  of  Farm  Improvements  and  Agricultural  Works. 

Models  of  farm  buildings  of  various  countries. 

Designs  of  stables,  cattle-houses,  sheep-sheds  and  folds,  pig-sties,  and  buildings 
for  raising  and  fattening  animals. 

Appliances  for  stables,  cattle-houses,  kennels,  etc. 

Apparatus  for  preparing  food  for  animals. 

Agricultural  machines  in  operation:  steam  plows,  reapers,  mowers,  hay-makers, 
threshers,  etc. 

Designs  of  agricultural  works:  distilleries,  sugar-mills,  refineries, breweries,  flour¬ 
mills,  fecula  and  starch  factories,  silk-worm  nurseries,  cheese  factories,  dairies. 

Presses  for  cider  and  oil. 

Models  of  poultry-houses,  pigeon-houses,  pheasant-houses. 

Apparatus  for  artificial  hatching. 

Models  of  kennels. 

Class  75.— Vine  Cultivation. 

Models  of  buildings  used  in  vine  cultivation. 

Apparatus  used  in  the  cultivation  of  the  vine. 

Appliances  of  wine  vaults,  cellars, and  vats.  Presses. 

Processes  and  methods  employed  in  fighting  diseases  of  the  vine. 

Collections  of  vines. 


206 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Class  76.— Useful  and  Injurious  Insects. 

Bees,  silk-worms,  and  other  varieties  of  the  bombyx. 

Cochineal  insects. 

Apparatus  used  in  the  culture  and  keeping  of  bees  and  silk-worms. 

Apparatus  and  methods  used  in  the  destruction  of  injurious  insects. 

Class  77.— Fish,  Crustacea,  and  Mollusks. 

Useful  aquatic  animals  in  the  live  state. 

Aquariums,  methods  of  pisciculture. 

Apparatus  for  rearing  fish,  mollusks,  and  leeches. 

NINTH  GROUP.— HORTICULTURE. 

Class  78. — Conservatories  and  Horticultural  Apparatus. 

Gardeners’,  nurserymen’s,  and  horticulturists’  tools. 

Apparatus  for  watering  and  keeping  turf. 

Large  conservatories  and  their  appurtenances.  Room  and  window  conservato¬ 
ries. 

Aquariums  for  aquatic  plants. 

Fountains  and  apparatus  for  the  ornamentation  of  gardens. 

Class  79. — Flowers  and  Ornamental  Plants. 

Species  of  plants  and  specimens  of  cultivation,  exhibiting  the  characteristic  types 
of  the  gardens  of  the  natives  of  every  country. 

Class  80. — Vegetables. 

Species  of  plants  and  specimens  of  cultivation,  indicating  the  characteristic  types 
of  the  kitchen-gardens  of  every  country. 

Class  81. — Fruits  and  Fruit  Trees. 

Specimens  of  plants  and  specimens  of  the  products  of  cultivation,  exhibiting  the 
characteristic  types  of  the  orchards  of  each  country. 

Class  82.— Seeds  and  Saplings  of  Forest  Species. 

Species  of  plants  and  specimens  of  the  products  of  cultivation,  exhibiting  the 
methods  of  forest  planting  in  use  in  each  country. 

Class  83. — Hothouse  Plants. 

Specimens  of  the  methods  of  cultivation  in  use  in  various  countries  for  pleasure 
or  utility. 


SOCIAL  ECONOMY. 

Section  I. — Remuneration  of  labor. 

Forms  and  conditions,  expressed  or  implied,  of  the  hiring  of  labor,  or  contract 
for  labor,  dates  and  modes  of  payment  of  wages. 

Bounties  or  additional  wages  allotted  to  the  quantity  produced,  to  the  quality  of 
the  product,  or  to  the  economy  exercised  in  the  use  of  the  raw  material  or  of  fuel. 
Farming  contracts,  remuneration  of  agricultural  laborers  in  kind. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  B. 


207 


Labor  of  women  and  children  in  factories.  Incentives  to  labor,  medals  and 
prizes;  skill  of  the  industrial  or  agricultural  laborer,  and  pay  according  to  length 
of  service. 

Section  II. — Share  in  profits,  productive  co-operative  associations. 

Share  in  the  profits;  different  systems  adopted;  mode  of  employment  of  the 
product  of  this  participation;  regulations  and  by-laws;  forms  of  accounts;  farm¬ 
ing  on  shares. 

Workmen’s  productive  co-operating  societies;  different  systems  adopted  for  con¬ 
stituting  the  board  of  managers,  interest  on  the  capital,  and  remuneration  of  the 
assistant  workmen. 

Section  III. — Trade  syndicates. 

Trade  syndicates;  masters’  syndicate  societies;  workmens’  syndicate  societies; 
trades  unions;  diverse  co-operative  institutions. 

Agricultural  syndicates. 

Stoppages;  strikes;  obligatory  and  voluntary  arbitration. 

Boards  of  arbitration:  labor  exchanges;  hiring  of  workmen  and  of  employes. 

Learned  societies,  trade  or  other,  founded  for  the  study  of  questions  of  social 
economy  in  industrial  centres;  by-laws  and  reports  of  these  societies. 

Section  IV. — Apprenticeship. 

Contract  of  apprenticeship;  technical  instruction  given  in  the  workshops  or  in 
schools  and  classes  founded  by  the  factory,  by  a  committee  of  employers,  or  by  the 
workmen  themselves.  Housekeeping  schools;  mill  and  agricultural  orphan  asy¬ 
lums. 

Establishments  intended  for  children  morally  abandoned. 

Employers’  societies  for  apprentices. 

Instruction  to  intended  workmen  and  intended  employes  on  economical,  social, 
and  manufacturing  subjects,  and  on  the  practical  working  of  provident  institutions. 

Section  V. — Mutual  aid  societies. 

Mutual  aid  societies;  medical  attendance;  medicines;  indemnities  for  stoppages; 
home  relief;  dispensaries;  hospital  treatment;  care  in  convalescence;  stay  at  water¬ 
ing  places;  funeral  expenses. 

Retiring  pensions  paid  by  mutual  aid  societies;  privileges  granted  to  incorporated 
mutual  aid  societies  in  permitting  them  to  contract  life  insurance  on  their  members 
collectively. 

Admission  of  women;  relief  in  cases  of  childbirth;  statistical  tables  of  sickness. 

Section  VI. — Superannuation  funds  and  annuities. 

National  banks  of  superannuation. 

Pensions  or  annuities,  immediate  or  deferred,  established  by  the  state,  by  life 
insurance  companies,  or  by  private  individuals. 

Section  VII. — Accident  insurance — Life  insurance. 

Individual  or  collective  insurance  against  accident  for  the  benefit  of  the  workman 
in  case  of  incapacity  for  labor,  temporary  or  permanent,  from  wounds  or  maiming, 
or  in  case  of  death.  Stoppages  agreed  upon  for  this  purpose  from  the  wages  of  the 
workman;  charges  made  for  the  same  object  on  the  general  expenses  or  on  the 
profits. 

Diverse  systems  to  insure  the  workman  against  accident  by  the  state,  by  private 


208 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


stock  or  mutual  companies,  by  factory  syndicates  incorporated  for  this  purpose, 
and  according  to  the  terms  of  the  law. 

Insurance  by  companies  for  the  benefit  of  the  employer  against  his  civil  responsi¬ 
bility  in  case  of  accident.  Life  insurance  in  case  of  death,  mixed,  for  a  fixed  term, 
deferred,  with  various  combinations,  by  the  state,  by  insurance  syndicates,  or  com¬ 
panies.  Premiums  and  half  premiums  of  insurance  paid  by  the  workmen,  by  the 
employers,  or  by  societies  created  for  this  purpose. 

Tables  of  mortality. 

Statistics  of  accidents  of  every  kind. 

Diverse  insurances:  Fire1  hail;  diseases  among  domestic  animals. 

Section  VIII. — Savings. 

Savings  banks,  national  and  postal. 

School  savings  banks. 

Savings  banks  supervised  by  the  state. 

Savings  societies  for  the  purchase  of  goods  in  common,  wholesale. 

Different  systems  of  incentives  to  economy:  Rates  of  interest;  allowances;  adop¬ 
tion  of  a  higher  rate  of  interest  for  small  deposits.  Different  systems  of  temporary 
deposit:  A  definitive  investment  of  individual  or  collective  savings  of  workmen  and 
employes  (deposit  or  running  account  in  the  safe  of  the  factory,  deposit  in  a  public 
bank,  obligatory  or  voluntary  investment  of  the  workman’s  savings  in  interest- 
bearing  bonds,  or  in  shares  of  the  factory).  Ascertainment  of  the  capital  of  the 
workman  during  his  stay  in  the  factory,  by  means  of  the  capitalization  at  com¬ 
pound  interest,  as  ascertained  by  his  hand-book,  of  his  share  in  the  profits;  of  the 
dividends  of  a  food  co-operative  association;  of  the  allowances  of  the  employer,  with 
or  without  retention  of  wages. 

Section  IX. — Food  co-operative  associations. 

Systems  of  sale  at  current  price  or  at  cost,  price  of  food,  of  clothing,  and  of  arti¬ 
cles  of  housekeeping. 

Kitchens  and  refectories.  Canteens. 

Economic  bakeries. 

Regulations,  by-laws,  accounts,  and  budgets. 

Specimens  of  articles  sold,  with  double  marks  of  price  current  and  of  cost  price. 

Section  X. — Credit  co-operative  associations. 

Credit  co-operative  associations.  Different  systems  adopted.  Limited  or  unlim¬ 
ited  responsibilities.  Loan  societies.  Agricultural  banks.  Raffeisen.  Agricult¬ 
ural  credit. 

Advances  made  by  the  state  or  by  financial  institutions  to  workmen’s  product)  ve 
associations,  or  to  workmen. 

Loans  on  unindorsed  notes.  Loan  society  in  aid  of  marriage. 

Section  XI. — Workmen’s  dwellings. 

Systems  of  workmen’s  detached  dwellings,  with  or  without  yard  or  garden,  and 
of  which  the  workmen  may  become  owners  on  yearly  payments,  including  the  rent 
and  the  purchase  installment. 

Systems  of  apartment  houses,  containing  several  contiguous  lodgings. 

Furnished  lodgings  for  unmarried  workmen. 

Plans  of  dwellings,  healthy  and  cheap. 

Workmen's  co-operative  associations  for  the  erection,  occupation,  selling,  or  rent¬ 
ing  of  workmen’s  houses.  Building  associations. 


KEPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  B.  209 


Renting  to  the  tenant  workman  at  current  rates,  with  credit  to  him,  on  his  sav¬ 
ings  or  superannuation  book,  of  the  difference  between  the  current  rent  and  the 
actual  cost. 

Incentives  to  build  workmen’s  houses  by  loans  at  reduced  rates  made  by  the  state 
or  city,  or  by  reduction  of  taxes,  or  other  advantages. 

Section  XII. — Workmen's  clubs;  recreations ,  sports. 

Workmen’s  clubs.  Workingmen's  clubs.  Construction,  organization.  Libraries. 
Works  of  art,  classes,  lectures,  games,  recreations,  drills,  singing-schools,  bands, 
shooting,  and  gymnastics. 


Section  XIII. — Social  hygiene. 

Laws,  regulations,  and  by-laws  relating  to  social  hygiene. 

Alcoholism.  Means  employed  to  counteract  it.  Statistics  and  documents.  Tem¬ 
perance  societies  and  establishments  depending  upon  them.  Gothensburg  system. 
Refreshment  rooms.  Protection  of  young  children,  of  apprentices,  and  of  women 
in  childbirth. 

Baths  and  laundries;  reservoirs. 

Health  and  safety  of  workshops. 

Precautions  against  mill  accidents.  Regulations  of  the  mill. 

Section  XIV. — Various  institutions  created  by  employers  for  the  benefit  of  their 

employes. 

Presents;  interest-bearing  shares;  participation  in  profits. 

Allowances  in  the  general  expenses,  or  charges  on  the  profits  in  any  way,  for  re¬ 
lief  and  provident  institutions,  and  for  institutions  for  savings,  for  education  and 
instruction. 

Technical  instruction  given  in  the  factory.  Aid  associations  of  mines  anil  facto¬ 
ries,  with  or  without  retention  of  wages.  Infirmaries:  Relief  to  the  sick,  the  wounded, 
to  women  in  childbirth,  to  widows,  to  orphans. 

Factory  workshops. 

Marriage  portions  for  young  workwomen. 

Superannuation  funds  and  asylums  for  old  or  maimed  men.  Accident  and  life 
insurance  charged  to  general  expenses,  with  or  without  retention  of  wages. 

Special  savings  banks  of  mills  and  factories.  Co-operative  stores  and  canteens. 
Co-operative  restaurants. 

Advances  to  workmen  without  interest. 

Free  lodgings,  or  at  reduced  rates. 

Free  warming.  Cheap  renting  or  sale  by  the  employer  to  the  workman  of  land 
for  building  or  cultivating.  Advances  made  specially  for  this  purpose. 

Institutions  specially  applicable  to  rural  labor.  Rights  of  custom.  Medical  and 
hospital  relief  to  agricultural  laborers. 

Establishments  which  in  general  may  have  made  the  greatest  and  most  success¬ 
ful  efforts  both  to  ameliorate  the  material  and  moral  condition  of  their  workmen, 
and  to  establish  on  a  better  footing  the  community  of  interest  among  the  different 
agents  of  production. 

Section  XV. — Large  and  small  factories. — Large  and  small  farms. 

Statistics  and  documents  relating  to  the  concentration  of  industry  in  large  estab¬ 
lishments.  Small  workshops;  efforts  to  increase  them.  Domestic  industries  and  mode 
of  applying  power  to  them.  Woman’s  work  in  the  household. 

H.  Ex.  410 - 14 


210 


Universal  exposition  of  1889  at  paris. 


Union  of  factory  and  agricultural  labor. 

Large  and  small  farms. 

Emigration  and  return.  Hospital  stations.  Receipts  and  expenses  of  a  work¬ 
man’s  family. 

Section  XVI. 

-Economic  intervention  of  the  state. 


GENERAL  DIRECTION  OF  THE  MANAGEMENT.— FOREIGN  SECTIONS. 

MISCELLANEOUS  INFORMATION. 

I. 

The  Exposition  of  1889  at  Paris  will  be  universal  and  international ;  that  is  to  say, 
it  will  receive  the  agricultural,  industrial,  and  artistic  products  of  all  countries. 

It  will  occupy,  in  one  enclosure,  and  according  to  the  plan  annexed  to  the  present 
memorandum  : 

(1)  On  the  left  bank  of  the  Seine,  the  Champ  de  Mars,  and  the  shores  of  the  Seine, 
the  Esplanade  des  Invalides,  and  the  part  of  the  Quai  d' Or  say  included  between 
the  Esplanade  and  the  Champ  de  Mars. 

(2)  On  the  right  bank  of  the  Seine,  the  Park  and  certain  disposable  parts  of  the 
Palace  of  the  Trocadero. 

The  Bridge  of  Jena,  which  connects  the  grounds  of  the  Trocadero  with  the  Champ 
de  Mars,  will  be  included  in  the  enclosure  of  the  Exposition. 

The  plan  of  the  Exposition  comprises  four  fundamental  divisions  : 

I.  CHAMP  DE  MARS. 

I.  PALACE  OF  FINE  ARTS  (A). 

Group  I. — Works  of  art. 

In  this  two-storied  building  the  allotment  will  be  made  by  rooms,  or  by  suites  of 
rooms,  corresponding  to  the  different  national  exhibitions. 

2.  PALACE  OF  LIBERAL  ARTS  (B). 

Group  II. — Education  and  instruction. — Materials  and  processes  of  the  liberal  arts. 

In  this  building,  comprising  a  grand  central  nave  and  a  gallery  (second  story) 
round  it,  the  space  will  be  divided  into  two  sections,  and  each  allotted  by  classes ; 
one  for  French  and  the  other  for  foreign  products. 

3.  PALACE  OF  SUNDRY  INDUSTRIAL  PRODUCTS  (C). 

Group  III  —Furniture  and  accessories. 

Group  IV. — Tissues,  clothing,  and  accessories. 

Group  V. — Mining  industries,  raw  and  manufactured  materials. 

(The  space  of  90,000  square  metres  (about  105,000  square  yards)  covered  by  these 
buildings,  will  be  divided  between  France  and  the  different  foreign  countries,  in 
such  a  manner  that  each  nation  may  have  a  compartment  for  the  exhibition  of  its 
products  belonging  to  these  groups.) 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  B. 


211 


4.  PALACE  OF  MACHINES  (D). 

Group  VI. — Tools  and  processes  of  the  mechanical  arts,  electricity. 

(The  space  reserved  for  the  United  States  is  shown  on  the  plan  of  the  Palace  of 
Machines.) 

II.  QUAI  D’ORSAY. 

1.  PALACE  OF  FOOD  PRODUCTS  (E). 

Group  VII. — Food  products . 

This  building,  with  stories,  will  contain  food  products  divided  by  nationalities 
and  by  classes. 

2.  GALLERIES  OF  AGRICULTURE  (G). 

Group  VIII. — Agriculture,  viticulture,  and  pisciculture. 

These  galleries  will  be  divided  into  national  compartments. 


III.  ESPLANADE  DES  INVALIDS. 

(1) .  Open  spaces  planted  with  trees,  reserved  for  agriculture,  supplementarily 
(Group  VIII). 

(2)  Diverse  exhibitions — French  colonies  and  protected  countries — Special  exhibi¬ 
tions  of  the  French  ministries — Social  Economy — Hygiene. 


IV.  TROCADERO. 

INTERNATIONAL  EXHIBITION  OF  HORTICULTURE  AND  ARBORICULTURE. 


A.  Group  I X.— Horticulture. 


The  space  available  for  the  different  groups,  for  foreigners  and  for  Frenchmen, 
has  been  calculated  according  to  the  statistics  of  preceding  expositions. 

The  expositions  of  1867  and  1878  at  Paris  had  both  admitted  the  construction  on 
the  Champ  de  Mars  of  a  central  building,  the  galleries  of  which,  arranged  either 
circularly  or  in  a  straight  line,  allowed  the  installation  of  foreign  and  French  pro¬ 
ducts  in  such  a  manner  that  the  visitor  could,  at  his  pleasure,  examine  all  the 
products  of  the  same  group  from  different  countries,  or  all  the  products  of  the 
different  groups  from  the  same  country. 

This  organization  required  the  allotment  of  a  special,  well-defined  compartment 
to  each  country.  It  was  successful  in  1867,  although  the  banishment  of  the  French 
and  foreign  agricultural  products  to  a  distant  hall  was  an  infraction  of  the  rule 
adopted.  In  1878  they  tried  to  repeat  the  system  of  1867,  but  the  abundance  of  the 
products  admitted  made  the  disposable  covered  space  in  the  central  building  of  the 
Champ  de  Mars  insufficient.  It  became  necessary,  therefore,  to  adopt  a  scheme 
without  any  method  and  construct  a  number  of  annexes. 

The  plans  for  1889  have  in  the  arrangement  adopted  substituted  a  species  of  order 
methodically  directed  for  the  former  compact  order  of  the  arrangement  of  products. 

II. 

FREE  SPACE. 

In  conformity  with  the  traditional  hospitality  of  the  International  Expositions  of 
1855, 1867, 1878,  and  1881,  which  have  been  held  in  Paris,  the  foreign  and  the  French 
exhibitors  will  have  no  rent  to  pay  for  the  sites  of  their  exhibits. 


212 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


EXPENSES  AT  THE  CHARGE  OF  THE  EXHIBITORS. 

The  French  administration  will  furnish  covered  sites  for  all  articles  in  the  groups 
of  Fine  Arts,  Liberal  Arts,  Industrial,  Mechanical,  and  Agricultural,  which  will  not 
bear  exposure  to  the  weather.  The  exhibitors  are  to  pay,  either  individually  or 
collectively,  the  whole  of  the  expenses  of  the  subdivision,  installation,  and  decora¬ 
tion  of  these  sites,  including  furnishing,  arranging,  fitting-up,  and  decorating  the 
separate  compartments,  awnings  or  false  ceilings,  glass  cases  and  furniture  for  hold¬ 
ing  the  exhibits,  all  according  to  [plans  adopted  by  the  administration.  They 
are  also  to  pay  for  constructing  the  floor  of  the  exhibition  rooms,  the  administra¬ 
tion  paying  only  for  that  of  the  passages,  in  accordance  with  Article  16  of  the  Gen¬ 
eral  Regulations.  As  regards  the  floor  especially,  the  administration  is  at  liberty, 
with  a  view  to  a  more  economical  and  uniform  work,  to  construct  all  the  floors,  and 
look  to  the  exhibitors  to  pay  the  amounts  due  from  them.  They  will  also  be  pecu¬ 
niarily  responsible  for  all  damage  done  by  themselves  or  by  their  workmen. 

KEEPERS. 

Exhibitors  must  include  in  their  general  expenses  of  installation  the  wages  and 
uniform  of  the  men  charged  with  cleaning  and  watching  (private)  the  rooms. 

SECTION  OF  MACHINES. 

Foreign  and  French  boiler-makers  and  machine-builders  will  be  permitted  to 
send  in  proposals  for  supplying  the  motive  power  which  the  administration  is  bound 
to  furnish  to  put  the  machines  exhibited  in  motion,  according  to  Articles  34  of  the 
General  Regulations.  The  general  conditions  for  supplying  this  power  by  steam 
are  already  settled. 

EXHIBITION  OF  HORTICULTURE. 

A  special  regulation  informs  the  public  how  the  permanent  and  temporary  exhib¬ 
its  of  the  group  of  horticulture  are  organized,  and  under  what  conditions  certain 
exhibitors  can  have  the  use  of  greenhouses,  either  hot  or  cold. 

EXHIBITION  OF  LIVING  ANIMALS. 

If  there  should  be  an  exhibition  of  living  animals,  a  special  regulation  will  be 
published  on  the  subject. 

TRANSPORTATION  AND  HANDLING. 

Arrangements  have  been  made  with  the  French  railroad  companies  that  all  articles 
intended  for  the  Exposition,  except  objects  of  art  and  of  special  value,  shall  bene¬ 
fit  by  a  reduction  of  50  per  cent,  on  the  usual  prices. 

The  same  reduction  of  50  per  cent,  on  the  usual  prices  has  been  agreed  to  by  the 
Compagnie  Generale  Transatlantique,  and  by  the  Compagnie  des  Messageries  Mari- 
times. 

As  regards  handling  the  articles  inside,  all  of  which  is  at  the  expense  of  the  ex¬ 
hibitors,  the  administration,  while  leaving  them  the  greatest  freedom  of  action, 
will  endeavor  to  place  at  their  disposal,  in  the  most  practical  and  economical  man¬ 
ner,  the  tools  and  workmen  necessary  to  enable  them  to  discharge  and  unpack  their 
exhibits,  and  to  repack  and  forward  them. 

DUTIES  AND  OCTROI  (CITY  DUTIES). 

By  a  decree  of  the  President,  dated  August  25,  1886,  the  localities  assigned  to  the 
Universal  Exposition  of  1889  are  declared  to  be  public  warehouses.  In  addition, 
the  prefect  of  the  Seine  by  a  letter  dated  October  28,  1886,  has  informed  the  Minis¬ 
try  of  Commerce  and  of  Industry  that  the  same  regulation  will  be  applied  to  the 
enclosures  of  the  Exposition  as  far  as  the  octroi  of  Paris  is  concerned. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  B. 


213 


PATENTED  INVENTIONS. 

The  superior  administration  will  take  all  necessary  measures  to  assure,  under  the 
same  conditions  as  in  preceding  expositions,  the  protection  of  patented  inventions. 

CATALOGUE. 

There  will  be  prepared  in  French  a  methodical  and  complete  catalogue  of  the 
products  of  all  nations,  indicating  the  positions  they  occupy  in  the  buildings,  the 
parks,  and  the  gardens,  as  well  as  the  names  of  the  exhibitors. 

Each  nation  will  have  the  right,  in  addition,  to  make  at  its  own  expense,  but  in 
its  own  language  only,  a  special  catalogue  of  the  articles  exhibited  in  its  sections, 
conformably  to  the  list  of  prices  which  will  be  prepared  by  the  administration. 

Examined  and  forwarded. 

Georges  Berger, 
Director-General  of  Management . 

Examined  and  approved, 

The  Minister  of  Commerce  and  of  Industry , 

Commission  er-General. 

By  Lucien  Dautresme. 


# 


APPENDIX  C. 


THE  FRENCH  GENERAL  COMMISSION. 


FRENCH  ADMINISTRATION. 


Mr.  Tirard,  President  of  the  Coun¬ 
cil,  Minister  of  Industry 
and  Commerce,  and  ior 

the  Colonies . Commissioner-General. 

Messrs.  Alphand . Director-General  of  Works. 

Ch.  Gamier . Consulting  Architect. 

Contamin  . Chief  Engineer. 

Dutert . Architect  Machinery  Hall. 

Bouvard . Architect  Industrial  Sections  and  Central  Dome. 

Formige . Architect  Fine  Arts  and  Liberal  Arts. 

Bechmann . Chief  Engineer  of  Water  Service. 

Laforcade . Chief  of  Gardens. 

De  Mallevoue . Secretary  to  the  Direction. 

Delions .  . Chief  Secretary  of  Technical  Service. 

Georges  Berger . Director-General  of  Management. 

Thurneyssen. . Secretary  to  the  Direction. 

Vigreux .  . .  Chief  of  Mechanical  and  Electrical  Service. 

Sedille .' . Chief  of  Installation. 

Monthiers . Chief  of  French  Sections. 

De  Lacretelle . ) 

Marc  Millas . \  Secretaries  of  Foreign  Sections. 

Buff etand . Chief  Manager. 

Maindron . In  Charge  of  the  Catalogue. 

Grison . Director-General  of  Finance. 

Savoye . Chief  Secretary  to  the  Direction. 

Chastenet . Chief  of  Disputed  Claims. 

Deputy  Antonin  Proust . Special  Commissioner  of  Fine  Arts. 

Doctor  Moizard . .  Chief  of  Medical  Service. 

214 


APPENDIX  D 


ESTIMATED  AND  ACTUAL  COST  OF  BUILDINGS,  OPERATIONS, 

ETC. 


Comparative  statement  of  the  estimated  and  actual  cost  of  buildings,  etc., 
Paris  Exposition,  1889. 


Construction  or  Operation. 

Estimated 

cost. 

Actual 

cost. 

Excess. 

Reduc¬ 

tion. 

Fine  Arts  and  Liberal  Arts  Buildings . 

$1,274,497 

$1 , 352, 951 

$78, 454 

Machinery  Hall — Construction  only . 

1,446,677 

1,502,779 

56, 102 

Industrial  Sections . 

1,157,281 

1,177,127 

19,846 

Drainage . 

104, 969 

104, 969 

Reserved  Fund  for  Construction . 

16, 565 

19, 182 

2, 617 

Horticultural  Grounds . 

60, 000 

60. 000 

Agricultural  Galleries . 

120,000 

120, 000 

Parks  and  Gardens. . 

616,531 

406, 531 

$210, 000 

Offices,  Police  Bureaus,  etc . 

91,750 

91,750 

Inclosures . 

90. 000 

90,000  ! 

Improvements,  etc. ,  left  bank  of  Seine . 

16,000 

5,134  i 

10,866 

Foot  Bridges . 

40,000 

40,000  ^ 

Water  and  Gas . 

120,000 

120,000 

Roads  and  Restoration  of  Grounds . 

72,652 

7.2,652  > 

Water-Closets . 

35,000 

35, 000 

Expenditures  in  Machinery  Hall . 

963,044 

616,413 

346, 631 

General  Reserve  Fund . 

200  975 

200, 975 

Mechanical  Service . 

18,600 

18,600 

Horticultural  Exposition . ' . 

13,200 

13, 200 

Social  Economy  Section . 

15, 120 

15,120  1 

6,472,861 

|  5,826,408 

157,019 

803,472 

The  actual  expenditure,  therefore,  was  $646,458  less  than  the  estimated  cost. 

215 


APPENDIX  ID 


STATISTICS  OF  ADMISSION. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

Receipts  from,  tickets  of  admission  in  1867-1878-1889. 


Gross  receipts. 


Month. 

1867. 

1878. 

Increase 
of  1878 
over  1867. 

1889. 

Increase 
of  1889 
over  1878. 

May . 

1,224,184 

1,278,860 

54,676 

2,610, 813 

1,331,953 

June . . . 

1,357,937 

1,954,103 

596, 166 

4,338,869 

2,384,766 

July . 

1,264,358 

1,823,176 

558,818 

4, 544, 196 

2,721,020 

August . 

1,276,019 

1,959,334 

683,315 

4,977,092 

3,017,758 

September . 

1,328, 196 

2,720, 595 

1,392, 399 

5,246,704 

2,526, 109 

October . .  — 

1,729,226 

2,303,403 

574, 177 

4,820,869 

2,517,466 

November . 

227,289 

584,376 

357, 087 

1,610,810 

1,026, 434 

Total  . . 

8,407,209 

12,623,847 

4,216,638 

28, 149,353 

15,525,506 

or,  number  of  tickets  received  in  1889  above  that  of  1878,  15,525,506  ;  but  in  1878, 
8,535,872  tickets  were  issued,  for  which  little  was  paid.  They  are  not  included  in 
the  above  list .  Two  tickets  were  required  for  entrance  in  the  evening  and  in  the 
morning  before  11  o’clock;  and  on  some  fete  days  five  tickets  were  required  in  the 
evenings.  The  whole  number  of  persons  admitted  in  1889  with  the  number  of  tick¬ 
ets  given  above,  was  25,398,609,  an  excess  of  12,881,614  over  1878.  The  mean  daily 
number  of  tickets  received  in  1889  was  152,158,  and  the  mean  daily  number  of  visitors 
with  these  tickets  was  137,289.  On  May  10  the  entries  were  the  smallest,  viz:  36,922. 
On  October  3  they  were  the  largest,  viz:  387,877.  On  the  closing  day  there  were 
370,354  visitors  on  511,297  tickets. 

At  the  Exposition  of  1855  there  were  24,000  exhibitors  ;  1867,  50,226  ;  1878,  53,100  ; 
and  1889,  60,000. 

216 


APPENDIX  E. 


RESTAURANTS,  CONCESSIONS,  AND  REGULATIONS. 


MEMORANDUM  ON  THE  SPECIAL  CLAUSES  AND  CONDITIONS  RELAT¬ 
ING  TO  RESTAURANTS,  CAFES,  BEER-HALLS,  BUFFETS,  ETC. 

Article  1. — Object  of  the  Enterprise. 

The  enterprise  of  which  these  presents  regulate  the  conditions,  has  for  object  the 
construction  and  management  (“ exploitation”),  during  the  whole  Exposition, 
of  *  *  * 


FIRST  PART. 

Art.  2. — Construction  and  Installation — Locality. 

The  locality  leased  for  the  establishment  of - is  indicated  on  the  annexed  plan. 

It  has  a  total  area  of - 


Art.  3.— Construction. 

The  construction  of  the  building  and  the  arrangement  of  the  dependencies  shall 
be  executed  at  the  expense  of  the  lessee,  who  shall  comply  with  all  the  conditions 
imposed  upon  builders  in  the  Exposition.  The  plans  must  be  submitted  for  the 
approval  of  the  Director  General  of  Works. 

The  building  may  be  constructed  either  in  wood  or  masonry,  at  the  choice  of  the 
lessee;  but  its  appearance  must  be  appropriate  and  elegant. 

Art.  4.— Furnaces  and  Kitchens. 

The  furnaces,  kitchens,  and  dependencies  shall  be  so  arranged  as  not  to  offend 
either  sight  or  smell,  or  incommode  exhibitors  or  visitors. 

Art.  5.— Establishment  of  Free  Water-Closets  in  the  Interior  of  the 

Buildings. 

The  lessee  shall  have  the  right  to  establish  free  water-closets  in  the  interior  of  his 
establishment.  But  he  cannot  do  so  without  making  special  request  of  the  Director 
General  of  Works,  and  conforming  in  their  construction  to  all  the  conditions  which 
may  be  prescribed  upon  this  subject. 

Art.  6. — Use  of  the  Conceded  Space. 

The  lessee  may  place  chairs  and  tables  within  the  circumference  of  his  concession. 
But  this  permission  may  be  limited  or  even  withdrawn  by  the  administration  if 
abuses  or  inconvenience  to  visitors  should  result. 


217 


218 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Art.  7.— Furniture,  Chairs,  Benches. 

All  the  furniture  belonging  to  the  lessee,  and  especially  that  placed  outside  of  his 
building,  must  be  marked  with  his  initials  in  clear  and  legible  letters. 

The  lessee  can  under  no  pretext  whatever  employ  for  his  own  use  the  material 
(benches,  chairs,  etc.)  belonging  or  loaned  to  the  administration. 


SECOND  PART. 

Art.  8. — Use — Character  of  the  Use. 

The  lessee  can  make  use  of  his  concession  only  during  the  daily  hours  while  the 
Exposition  remains  open,  and  within  the  space  conceded.  This  rule  is  absolute. 

Art.  9.— Tariff  of  Prices. 

He  must  submit  for  the  approval  of  the  Director  General  of  Management  the 
tariff  of  the  principal  articles  of  consumption,  and  also  hang  up  in  his  establishment, 
in  a  conspicuous  place,  this  tariff  approved. 

Art.  10. — Admission  of  Employes. 

The  lessee  shall  have  the  right  of  gratuitous  admission  for  the  employes  necessary 
to  the  service  of  his  establishment,  but  he  must  prepare  a  list  of  names,  and  submit 
it  to  the  Director-General  of  Management.  This  list  shall  be  deposited  in  the  gen¬ 
eral  office  of  the  management,  and  be  always  visible. 

The  entrance  of  the  employes  shall  be  by  the  gates,  and  at  fixed  hours.  It  shall 
be  by  tickets,  which  shall  be  given  up  at  the  indicated  turnstile.  As  soon  as  they 
shall  have  been  counted  and  examined,  they  shall  be  returned  the  same  day  to  the 
lessee,  to  be  employed  anew. 

The  lessee  shall  be  responsible  for  frauds  which  may  be  committed  in  the  employ¬ 
ment  of  these  tickets,  but  without  prejudice  to  such  measures  as  may  be  taken  in 
regard  to  the  authors  of  the  fraud. 

Art.  11. — Police. 

The  lessee  must  see  that  good  order  is  maintained  in  the  interior  and  the  depend¬ 
encies  of  his  establishment,  keep  it  perfectly  clean,  see  that  the  refuse  is  carried 
off,  and  the  provisions  brought  in  at  the  hours  and  under  the  conditions  fixed  by 
the  regulations,  and  conform  to  all  the  requirements  of  the  special  police  of  the  Ex¬ 
position. 

Art.  12.— Oversight. 

The  administration  shall  exercise  through  its  agents,  whom  it  shall  appoint  for 
this  purpose,  an  active  watch  over  the  establishment  of  the  lessee,  and  take  all 
measures  necessary  to  prevent,  or  to  put  a  stop  to,  all  acts  contrary  to  decency  and 
good  order. 

Art.  18. — Obligation  to  Keep  Open. 

The  lessee  cannot,  under  any  circumstances,  close,  event  emporarily,  his  estab¬ 
lishment  during  the  Exposition.  , 

Any  violation  of  this  clause,  as  soon  as  it  shall  have  been  duly  proved,  shall  lead 
necessarily  to  the  revocation  of  his  concession. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  F. 


219- 


third  PART. 

Art.  14.— Additional  Dispositions— Rent. 

The  rent  to  be  paid  shall  depend  upon  the  number  of  paying  visitors  admitted  to  all 
parts  of  the  Exposition.  This  number  shall  be  ascertained  from  the  accounts  of 
the  General  Direction  of  Finance.  It  shall  not  include  the  visitors  admitted  by 
season  tickets. 

The  rent  is  placed  at - per  1,000  visitors. 

In  the  monthly  account  of  rent,  fractions  of  the  number  of  visitors  below  1,000' 
shall  not  be  counted. 

Such  fractions  shall  be  carried  forward  to  the  next  month. 

In  stating  the  final  account  for  settlement,  all  fractions  of  1,000  shall  be  counted 
as  1,000. 

Art.  15. — Times  of  Payment. 

The  lessee  must  pay  into  the  treasury  on  the  15th  of  each  month  the  amount  of 
his  rent  for  the  preceding  month. 

He  must  at  the  same  date  also  pay  his  rent  for  water,  gas,  electricity,  care  of 
parks,  and,  in  a  word,  for  all  the  expenses  properly  chargeable  to  him. 

Art.  16. — Consequences  of  the  Withdrawal  of  the  License. 

Whenever  in  consequence  of  a  gross  violation  of  the  clauses  of  the  present  agree¬ 
ment,  or  of  the  memorandum  of  charges  hereto  annexed,  the  withdrawal  of  the 
license  shall  have  been  ordered,  the  administration  may  dispose  of  the  leased  prem¬ 
ises,  and  even  proceed  to  the  demolition  of  the  buildings. 

Art.  17. — Security. 

To  guaranty  the  proper  execution  of  his  agreement,  Mr. - is  bound  to  deposit 

in  the  Caisse  des  Depots  et  Consignations,  a  security  of  - .  This  security 

shall  be  in  money,  or  in  French  bonds;  if  in  bonds,  the  owner  shall  be  entitled  to 
the  interest;  if  in  money,  he  shall  be  entitled  to  interest  at  3  per  cent,  after  sixty 
days. 

The  guaranty  must  be  paid  in  within  eight  days  after  signing  the  present  agree¬ 
ment. 

The  guaranty  shall  be  returned  within  six  months  after  the  closing  of  the  Expo¬ 
sition  on  the  statement  of  the  Directors-General  of  Works  and  of  Management 
that  the  lessee  has  complied  with  all  his  obligations  to  the  administration. 

Art.  18. — Competition — Number  of  Establishments. 

The  Minister  of  Commerce  and  of  Industry,  Commissioner-General,  reserves  the 
absolute  right  to  license  as  many  beer-halls,  restaurants,  cafes,  or  other  establish¬ 
ments  as  shall  appear  to  him  to  be  desirable. 

Consequently  the  lessee  cannot  under  any  circumstances,  or  on  any  pretext, 
reclaim  an  indemnity  either  from  the  adminibtration  or  from  other  contractors  or 
lessees  on  account  of  competition. 

Art.  19.— Memorandum  of  Special  Charges  Imposed  upon  Lessees  in  the 

Parks  and  Gardens. 

The  lessee  is  also  liable  to  the  clauses  and  conditions  imposed  upon  exhibitors  and 
lessees  permitted  to  build  in  the  parks  and  gardens  and  in  the  galleries  of  the  pal¬ 
ace  which  were  approved  by  the  Minister  of  Commerce  and  Industry  at  the  date 
of - . 


APPENDIX  G 


FOREIGN  COUNTRIES,  APPROPRIATIONS,  SPACE,  ETC. 


Statement  of  countries  represented  at  Paris  Exposition,  1889,  showing  amount  of 

Appropriation,  Space,  etc. 


[Taken  from  report  on  Paris  Exposition  of  1889,  by  E.  T.  Jeffery,  of  Chicago,  Ill.] 


Country. 

How  repre¬ 
sented. 

Space 

occupied. 

Amount  of 
funds. 

Remarks. 

Sq.  feet. 

Argentine  Republic . 

Officially  . . . 

32,292 

$1,000,000 

Special  building. 

Austria-Hungary . 

Unofficially. 

37,674 

35, 000 

Private  money. 

Belgium . 

_ do . 

139,932 

120,000 

Bolivia . . . 

Officially  . . . 

8,611 

60,000 

Special  building  divided  with  United 

States  of  Colombia. 

Brazil . 

Unofficially. 

j  *4,305 
|  +8,611 

l  200,000 

Chili . 

Officially  . . . 

861 

Special  building. 

China . . . 

Unofficially. 

3,229 

do. 

Denmark . 

....  do . 

5,920 

28, 000 

Ecuador . 

Officially 

1,076 

30,000 

Private  money. 

Egypt . 

Unofficially. 

32,292 

24,000 

Including  “Street of  Cairo." 

Great  Britain. .  . 

. . .  .do  . .  . . 

135, 000 

Funds  for  Great  Britain  and  India 

India  . 

....  do  . . . 

were  raised  by  contributions  from 

exhibitors.  India  erected  a  special 

building. 

Victoria . . .  . 

Officially  . . . 

232,845 

Each  of  the  three  colonies  exhibit¬ 

New  Zealand . 

ing  had  a  grant  from  its  Govern¬ 

Cape  of  Good  Hope 

....  do . 

ment. 

Greece  . 

....  do . 

6,458 

60,000 

Finland . 

Unofficially. 

26, 000 

Private  money. 

Guatemala . 

Officially  . . . 

10, 764 

50,000 

Hayti . 

Holland  and  colonies . 

Unofficially. 

12, 776 

Honduras . 

Hawaii,  Sandwich  Islands . 

Officially  . . . 

2, 691 

4,000 

Italy . 

Unofficially. 

53,820 

70,000 

Private  money. 

Japan  . 

Officially  . . . 

16, 146 

'  130,000 

Luxembourg . 

Unofficially. 

1,614 

4,000 

Mexico . 

Officially  . . . 

23,239 

1,200,000  ' 

Special  building. 

Monaco . 

do 

3,229 

do. 

Morocco . 

....  do  . . 

21,528 

20,000 

do. 

Nicaragua . 

2,152 

100,000 

So. 

*  Buildings.  t  Gardens. 

220 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  G, 


221 


Statement  of  countries  represented  at  Paris  Exposition,  1889,  etc. — Continued. 


Country. 

How  repre¬ 
sented. 

Space 

occupied. 

Amount  of 
funds. 

Officially  . . . 

Sq.  feet. 
13,923 

25,000 

. .  do . 

4,036 

21,514 

Unofficially. 
....  do . 

100, 000 

Peru . 

Roumania . 

.  do . 

12, 120 
34,444 
1,162 
2,475 
42,367 
2,152 
6,027 
2, 691 

100,000 

Russia . 

....  do . 

Salvador  . 

Officially  . . . 
...  .do . 

San  Marino . 

Spain  and  colonies . 

San  Domingo . 

Unofficially. 
Officially  . . . 
....  do . 

145,000 
10,000 
44, 000 

Servia . 

Siam . 

....  do . 

Sweden . 

Switzerland . 

Officially  . . . 

....  do . 

69, 966 

2,152 
113,000 
8, 611 

91,000 

16,000 
250, 000 

South  African  Republic.  . . 

United  States . 

....  do . 

United  States  of  Colombia 

.  do 

Uruguay .  . 

Venezuela.  . . 

. .  .do .  . . 

4,843 

Remarks. 


Special  building. 


Special  building, 
do. 
do. 
do. 


Unknown  amounts  voted  by 
cantons. 


the 


See  Bolivia. 


APPENDIX  H 


EXPENDITURES  IN  PARIS  OF  FOREIGN  COMMISSIONS. 


Expenditures  of  foreign  commissions  in  Paris  during  the  Exposition  of  1889. 


Countries. 

Amount. 

Countries. 

Amount. 

Argentine  Republic . . . 

i$8oo, 000 

Luxembourg ...... 

2.500 

Austria-Hungary . 

231,664 

Mexico . . . , . . 

11.000,000 

Belgium  .  . 

3150, 540 

Monaco . 

Bolivia . . 

131,073 

Morocco 

130  000 

Brazil . . 

1 142, 820 

New  Zealand 

20,000 

Chili . 

165, 330 

Nicaragua . 

12, 000 

China . 

9,650 

Norway  . 

27,000 

Colombia .  . 

42, 000 

Paraguay  . . 

140,000 

Denmark . 

30, 000 

Persia 

10, 000 

Domingo,  San  . . . 

13,510 

Portugal  . . 

200, 000 

Egypt . 

580, 000 

Russia . 

33,735 

Ecuador. .  .• . . . 

12, 000 

San  Salvador . 

12,000 

Great  Britain . . . 

6 140, 000 

San  Marino . . 

7,000 

Good  Hope,  Cape  of . 

Siam . 

Greece  . 

22, 000 

South  Africa  . 

Guatemala . 

50, 000 

Spain  . ■  ■  ■  • 

1128,000 

Hayti . 

75,000 

Switzerland . 

115,000 

Hawaii . 

5,000 

Tasmania 

48, 000 

Holland  .  . . . . 

71,000 

Uruguay  . 

150, 000 

Japan  . 

Venezuela . 

46, 000 

Italy . 

60,000 

Victoria  . . . 

65,315 

1  Including  pavilion. 

4Private  enterprise  only. 

Itors  for  space. 

3  Approximate. 


5  Chiefly  expended  on  the  Rue  du  CairA 
6Nearly  refunded  by  exhibitors. 

*  7 Private  enterprise  of  one  firm. 


Roumania  expended  $76,000  in  Paris,  including  tlie  traveling  expenses  and  so¬ 
journ  for  fifteen  days  of  thirty -two  students  selected  from  the  technical  and  profes¬ 
sional  schools  of  that  country.  The  available  funds,  namely,  $40,000  Government 
appropriation  and  $50,000  realized  by  lottery,  being  in  excess  of  the  expenditures, 
the  remaining  $14,000  will  be  applied  to  some  public  work. 

222 


APPENDIX  I. 


CIRCULARS,  FORMS,  AND  REGULATIONS, 


(A)  ANTERIOR  TO  EXPOSITION, 

Circular  No.  I. 

PARIS  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

Office  of  the  United  States  Commission,  Washington  Building, 

No.  1  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

(William  B.  Franklin, Commissioner-General;  Somerville  P.  Tuck,  Assistant  Commissioner-General.  | 

July  25,  1888. 

1.  The  Universal  Exposition  of  1889,  at  Paris,  will  open  the  5th  of  May,  and  close 
the  31st  of  October,  1889. 

2.  An  official  regulation  of  the  French  management  provides  that  exhibits  will  be 
received  from  January  1.  1889,  up  to  March  31  following. 

3.  There  will  be  no  charge  for  space  occupied  by  exhibitors. 

4.  As  it  is  the  intention  of  the  United  States  Government,  in  participating  in  this 
Exposition,  to  demonstrate  the  merit  and  comparative  excellence  of  our  products 
and  manufactures,  the  United  States  Commission  will  forward,  free  of  freight 
between  New  York  and  the  Exposition,  going  and  returning ,  all  articles  received 
for  exhibit. 

5.  In  general  no  more  than  one  specimen  of  an  article  of  manufacture  will  be 
exhibited,  but  the  Commission  reserves  the  right  to  admit  others;  the  cost  of  ad¬ 
ditional  freight  to  be  borne  by  the  exhibitor  at  the  discretion  of  the  Commission. 

6.  Show-cases,  counters,  shelving,  and  platforms  must  be  paid  for  by  exhibitors, 
as  well  as  the  cost  of  unpacking  and  repacking  their  goods,  and  storage  of  empty 
cases. 

7.  Exhibitors  who  are  unable  to  go  to  Paris  or  to  send  representatives  will  have 
their  goods  installed  and  cared  for  free  of  cost,  except  as  previously  specified. 

8.  Due  notice  will  be  given  of  the  warehouses  or  steamship  lines  in  New  York  to 
which  goods  must  be  consigned. 

9.  There  will  be  no  duties  to  pay  except  on  those  goods  sold  or  consumed. 

10.  The  United  States  Commission  will  take  precautions  for  the  preservation  of 
all  objects  exhibited,  but  will  not  be  liable  for  loss  or  damage  of  any  kind,  either  in 
transportation,  storage  or  while  on  exhibition.  Insurance  is  at  the  option  of  the 
exhibitors  and  at  their  cost. 

11.  Detonating  matters,  fulminates,  and  all  articles  considered  dangerous  are 
excluded. 


223 


224 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


12.  Spirits  or  alcohols,  oils,  essences,  corrosive  materials,  and  all  articles  of  any 
kind  that  would  damage  other  exhibits  or  incommode  the  public,  will  only  be  re¬ 
ceived  if  contained  in  vessels  of  moderate  dimensions  and  of  sufficient  strength  to 
secure  them  against  accident. 

13.  Primers,  percussion  caps,  chemical  matches,  and  other  similar  articles  will 
only  be  received  in  the  shape  of  “dummies,”  without  inflammable  material. 

14.  The  United  States  Commission  reserves  the  right  to  order  the  removal  of  any 
article  which,  in  its  nature  or  appearance,  is  hurtful  to  or  incompatible  with  the 
purposes  of  the  Exposition. 

15.  The  French  Regulations  state  that  all  objects  exhibited  will  be  protected 
against  piracy  of  invention  or  design. 

16.  A  limited  amount  of  steam,  gas,  and  motive  power  will  be  supplied  free  of 
cost;  pulleys  and  belting  must  be  furnished  by  exhibitors,  who  must  also  bear  the 
cost  of  all  special  fittings  and  work. 

17.  Exhibitors  of  apparatus  requiring  the  use  of  water,  gas,  or  steam  must  state 
in  their  applications  for  space  the  quantity  of  each  required. 

18.  Applicants  for  space  desiring  to  erect  show-cases,  counters,  or  partitions  must 
furnish  a  scale-drawing  showing  clearly  the  elevations  and  ground-plans;  especially 
indicating  the  sides  of  the  cases  intended  to  be  open  for  inspection. 

19.  No  article  may  be  withdrawn  before  the  close  of  the  Exposition,  without  the 
special  consent  of  this  Commission. 

20.  All  articles  will  be  exhibited  in  the  name  of  the  person  who  signed  the  appli¬ 
cation  for  space. 

21.  Exhibitors  are  permitted  to  mention,  with  their  own  names,  those  of  their 
assistants  of  all  kinds  and  grades  who  have  contributed  to  the  merits  of  the  exhibits. 

22.  Exhibitors  are  expressly  requested  to  indicate  the  selling  prices  of  the  articles 
exhibited  by  them,  so  as  to  facilitate  the  work  of  the  juries  and  inform  visitors. 

23.  The  official  statement  of  the  nine  Groups  of  the  Exposition  and  the  classes 
thereunder  will  be  furnished  upon  request. 

24.  Blank  applications  for  space  will  be  furnished  on  application.  When  the 
allotment  of  space  is  definitely  made,  each  exhibitor  will  be  notified  and  furnished 
with  a  permit  for  the  space  assigned. 

25.  All  communications  must  be  addressed  to  the  United  States  Commission;  the 
French  Commission  will  not  correspond  with  foreign  exhibitors. 

William  B.  Franklin, 
United  States  Commissioner- General. 

Somerville  P.  Tuck, 

United  States  Assistant  Commissioner-General. 


Circular  No.  2. 

United  States  Commission  to  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1889, 

Washington  Building,  No.  1  Broadway, 

Neiv  York  City,  N.  Y., - ,  188 — . 

Your  application  for  space  has  been  received  and  placed  on  file.  You  will  be 
duly  notified  of  the  allotment  of  space,  and  time  and  manner  of  shipping  goods. 

W.  P.  Franklin, 

Commissioner-General. 
Somerville  P.  Tuck, 
Assistant  Commissioner-General. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I. 


225 


Circular  No.  3. 

PARIS  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

Office  of  the  United  States  Commission,  Washington  Building. 

No.  1  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

[William  B.  Franklin,  Commissioner- General;  Somerville  P.  Tuck,  Assistant  Commissioner  General.] 

Group  I.— Works  of  Art. 

October  25,  1888. 

1.  This  Group  consists  of  the  following  classes: 

Class  I. — Oil  paintings  :  Paintings  on  canvas,  panels,  and  various  grounds. 

Class  II. — Paintings  of  different  kinds  and  Drawings :  Miniatures;  paintings  in 
water-colors;  pastel  and  drawings  of  all  kinds;  paintings  on  enamel,  earthenware, 
and  porcelain;  cartoons  for  stained-glass  windows  and  frescoes. 

Class  III. — Sculpture  and  Engravings  on  Medals :  Statuary,  bas-relief,  repousse 
work  and  chiselled  work,  medals,  cameos,  engraved  stones,  inlaid  enamel  work. 

Class  IV. — Architectural  Drawings  and  Models :  Studies  and  fragments;  repre¬ 
sentations  and  plans  of  buildings;  restorations  from  ruins  or  documents. 

Class  V. — Engravings  and  Lithographs:  Engraving  in  black;  polychromatic 
engravings.  Lithographs  in  black,  in  chalk,  and  with  brush;  chromo-lithography. 

2.  The  only  persons  entitled  to  exhibit  are  American  citizens,  whether  residing 
in  the  United  States  or  abroad. 

3.  Applicants  for  space  desiring  to  make  exhibits  in  any  one  of  the  above  classes 
are  requested  to  fill  out  the  inclosed  blank  and  return  it  without  delay  to  this  Com¬ 
mission  at  the  above  address. 

4.  Artists  residing  in  the  United  States  must  have  their  exhibits  in  New  York  by 
February  15,  1889,  at  the  very  latest.  Exhibitors  residing  in  Europe  must  have 
their  exhibits  at  Paris  by  March  20,  1889.  There  will  be  absolutely  no  extension  of 
time,  and  no  exhibits  will  be  received  after  the  specified  dates.  If  it  be  found 
necessary  to  fix  earlier  dates  than  those  named,  due  notice  thereof  will  be  given. 

5.  A  jury  of  artists  will  be  formed  for  the  purpose  of  examining  all  works  sub¬ 
mitted  for  exhibition.  No  article  will  be  admitted  for  exhibit  unless  favorably 
passed  upon  by  this  special  jury — representing  so  far  as  possible  the  five  classes  of 
this  Group — which  will  exclude  all  works  that  would  not  reflect  credit  on  the  United 
States  Exhibit. 

6.  Due  notice  will  be  given  of  the  names  of  the  members  of  this  jury,  one  section 
of  which  will  sit  in  New  York,  and  the  other  in  Paris;  their  decisions  will  be  sub¬ 
ject  to  revision  by  this  Commission. 

7.  All  pictures,  whether  round  or  oval,  should  be  placed  in  square  frames.  Ex¬ 
cessive  breadth  in  frames  or  projecting  moldings  should  be  avoided. 

8.  There  shall  be  pasted  upon  the  back  of  each  picture-frame,  and  upon  the 
bottom  of  other  articles,  a  label,  plainly  written,  giving  the  title  and  the  name  and 
address  of  the  exhibitor.  A  duplicate  of  this  label  must  be  pasted  upon  the  case 
containing  the  picture  or  other  article. 

9.  Exhibitors  are  assured  that  the  utmost  care  will  be  observed  in  handling  their 
works,  that  they  may  suffer  no  damage. 

10.  The  names  and  addresses  of  the  agents  appointed  to  receive  exhibits  in  New 
York  and  Paris  will  be  made  known  hereafter,  together  with  the  location  of  the 
depot  in  each  city  to  which  all  articles  must  be  sent  for  examination  by  the  jury. 

11.  Intending  exhibitors  must  prepay  the  cost  of  transportation  from  place  of 
residence  to  the  depot.  Proposed  exhibits  rejected  by  the  jury  will  be  returned  to 
owners  at  their  expense.  Upon  those  accepted  for  exhibit  this  Commission  will 

H.  Ex.  410 - 15 


226 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


pay  all  expenses,  including  boxing,  cataloguing,  transportation  from  depot  to  Expo¬ 
sition  Building,  and  return  to  residence  of  owner.  Insurance  to  a  reasonable 
amount  will  also  be  paid;  the  owners  of  exhibits  may  effect  additional  insurance  at 
their  own  cost,  if  they  desire. 

THE  ATTENTION  OF  INTENDING  EXHIBITORS  IS  CALLED  TO  THE  FOLLOWING: 

[I.— Extracts  from  the  French  official  regulations  as  to  this  Group.] 

12.  Only  works  of  art  executed  since  1878  can  be  exhibited. 

13.  Copies,  even  those  which  reproduce  a  work  in  a  style  differing  from  the 
original,  are  not  admitted.  Unframed  pictures  and  drawing  and  statuary  in 
unbaked  clay  are  also  inadmissible,  as  well  as  engravings  produced  by  industrial 
processes. 

14.  The  Ministre  des  Beaux  Arts  and  the  French  Administration  will  not  correspond 
directly  with  artists,  whose  works  will  only  be  admitted  through  the  Commission  of 
the  country  of  their  citizenship,  which  alone  can  receive  and  return  exhibits. 

15.  A  methodical  and  complete  catalogue  in  the  French  language  will  be  made 
by  the  Exposition  authorities.  Three  lines  at  most  will  be  given  each  exhibitor,  for 
the  mention  of  his  full  name,  place  of  birth,  names  of  his  masters,  and  the  recom¬ 
penses  which  he  has  received.  Two  additional  lines  at  most  will  be  given  him  for 
the  name  and  summary  description  of  each  picture  that  he  exhibits. 

16.  The  Commission  of  each  nation  has  the  right  to  make,  at  its  own  expense,  but 
only  in  its  own  language,  a  special  catalogue  of  the  works  exhibited  in  its  section. 

17.  Artists  exhibiting  will  have  the  right  to  a  permanent  and  gratuitous  ticket  of 
entrance  during  the  whole  period  of  the  Exposition. 

18.  No  exhibits  may  be  drawn,  copied,  or  reproduced  in  any  form  whatever  with¬ 
out  the  authorization  of  the  exhibitor,  approved  by  the  Director  of  this  Group. 

19.  Regulations  will  hereafter  be  made  as  to  the  number  and  nature  of  the  prizes 
to  be  awarded,  also  as  to  the  constitution  of  the  international  jury  charged  with 
the  distribution  of  these  prizes.  Artists  who  become  members  of  this  jury  are 
excluded  from  competition  for  awards. 

20.  No  exhibit  may  be  withdrawn  before  the  close  of  the  Exposition  without  the 
special  authorization  of  the  Director  of  this  Group  and  the  Director-General  of  the 
Exposition. 

21.  Every  artist  who  becomes  an  exhibitor  declares  by  that  fact  that  he  agrees  to 
comply  with  the  regulations  governing  the  Exposition. 

[II.— Extracts  from  the  general  regulations  of  this  Commission.] 

22.  The  Universal  Exposition  of  1889,  at  Paris,  will  open  the  5th  of  May,  and  close 
the  31st  of  October,  1889. 

23.  An  official  regulation  of  the  French  management  provides  that  exhibits  will 
be  received  from  January  1,  1889,  up  to  March  31  following. 

24.  There  will  be  no  charge  for  space  occupied  by  exhibitors. 

25.  This  commission  will  forward,  free  of  freight  between  New  York  and  the 
Exposition ,  going  and  returning,  all  articles  received  for  exhibit. 

26.  Exhibitors  who  are  unable  to  go  to  Paris  or  to  send  representatives  will  have 
their  goods  installed  and  cared  for  free  of  cost. 

27.  There  will  be  no  duties  to  pay  except  on  articles  sold. 

28.  This  Commission  will  take  precautions  for  the  preservation  of  all  objects 
exhibited. 

29.  This  Commission  reserves  the  right  to  order  the  removal  of  any  articles  which, 
in  their  nature  or  appearance,  are  hurtful  to  or  incompatible  with  the  purposes  of 
the  Exposition, 

30.  The  French  regulations  state  that  all  objects  exhibited  will  be  protected 
against  piracy  of  invention  or  design. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I.  227 

31.  No  article  may  be  withdrawn  before  the  close  of  the  Exposition  without  the 
special  consent  of  this  Commission. 

32.  All  articles  will  be  exhibited  in  the  name  of  the  person  who  signed  the  appli¬ 
cation  for  space. 

33.  Exhibitors  are  expressly  requested  to  indicate  the  selling  prices  of  the  articles 
exhibited  by  them,  so  as  to  facilitate  the  work  of  the  juries  and  inform  visitors. 

34.  Blank  applications  for  space  will  be  furnished  on  demand.  When  the  allot¬ 
ment  of  space  is  definitely  made,  each  exhibitor  will  be  notified  and  furnished  with 
a  permit  for  the  space  assigned. 

35.  All  communications  must  be  addressed  to  the  United  States  Commission  ;  the 
French  Administration  will  not  correspond  with  foreign  exhibitors. 

William  B.  Franklin, 

Commissioner-General. 

Somerville  P.  Tuck, 
Assistant  Commissioner-General. 


Circular  No.  4. 

UNITED  STATES  COMMISSION  TO  THE  PARIS  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

[William  B.  Franklin,  Commissioner-General;  Somerville  P.Tuck,  Assistant-Commissioner-General.] 

Washington  Building ,  No.  1  Broadway ,  New  York ,  N.  Y. 

[Paris  Offices,  27  Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais.  Cable  addresses,  New  York,  “Universal”;  Paris, 

“  Uscom.”] 

New  York,  October  28,  1888. 

Sir;  Please  find  inclosed  herewith; 

(1)  Copy  of  the  joint  resolution  of  Congress  accepting  the  invitation  of  the  French 
Republic  to  take  part  in  an  International  Exposition  to  be  held  in  Paris  in  1889. 

(2)  Newspaper  cutting,  giving  some  details  of  the  project  and  a  summary  descrip¬ 
tion  of  the  Exposition  buildings  and  various  preliminary  arrangements. 

(3)  Circular  No.  1,  containing  an  abstract  of  the  official  regulations  of  the  French 
management,  together  with  those  established  by  the  United  States  Commission. 

(4)  Blank  application  form  for  space  to  exhibit. 

(5)  Translation  of  the  general  classification,  comprising  the  Nine  Groups  and  their 
subdivisions. 

Your  attention  is  particularly  called  to  Group  II  of  the  latter,  devoted  to  all  ex¬ 
hibits  that  come  under  the  classification  of  Education  and  Instruction,  and  Appa¬ 
ratus  and  Processes  used  in  the  Liberal  Arts. 

At  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1878  the  international  jury  made  one  hundred  and 
fifteen  awards  to  educational  exhibitors  in  the  United  States  section.  This  placed 
us  at  the  head  of  foreign  exhibits,  and  second  only  to  France  in  the  number  of 
awards  received  by  each  country. 

As  it  is  the  desire  of  this  Commission  to  make  the  educational  exhibit  of  1889 
equally  creditable,  and  with  your  co-operation  to  surpass  the  satisfactory  showing 
of  all  former  expositions,  we  ask  you  to  do  everything  in  your  power  to  advance 
the  interests  of  this  group,  either  by  making  application  to  exhibit  in  your  own 
behalf,  or  by  placing  these  circulars  in  the  hands  of  others  who  are  likely  to  apply 
for  exhibition  space  in  this  department. 

Awaiting  your  early  reply,  we  are,  sir,  your  obedient  servants, 

William  B.  Franklin, 

United  States  Co  mmissioner-General. 

Somerville  P.  Tuck, 

Assistant  United  States  Commissioner-General. 


228 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


[Form  38.1 

Circular  No.  5. 

UNITED  STATES  COMMISSION  TO  THE  PARIS  EXHIBITION  OF  1889. 

[William B.  Franklin,  Commissioner-General;  Somerville P.  Tuck,  Assistant-Commissioner-General.] 

Washington  Building ,  No.  1  Broadway ,  New  York ,  N  Y. 

[Paris  Offices,  27  Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais.  Cable  addresses,  New  York,  “Universal”;  Paris, 

“Uscom.”] 

New  York,  December ,  1888. 

Sir:  In  order  that  a  statistical  chart  of.  the  higher  educational  institutions  in  the 
United  States  may  be  prepared  for  the  Paris  Universal  Exposition  of  1889,  and 
with  the  hope  that  you  will  assist  in  perfecting  the  exhibit  in  the  Educational 
Group,  you  are  respectfully  requested  to  fill  out  the  inclosed  blank  and  return  it  to 
the  above  address  at  your  earliest  convenience. 

I  am,  sir,  your  obedient  servant, 

Assistant  Commissioner-General „ 


[Form  45.] 

Circular  No.  6. 

PARIS  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

Office  of  the  United  States  Commission,  Washington  Building, 

No.  1  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

January  14, 1889. 

Group  1.— Fine  Arts. 

1.  Proposed  exhibits  for  this  Group  will  be  called  for  in  New  York,  Brooklyn,  and 
Jersey  City  at  the  expense  of  this  Commission. 

2.  Notice  of  the  number  of  articles  and  where  located  must  be  sent  to  W.  S.  Bud- 
worth,  the  agent  appointed  to  receive  exhibits,  No.  1  West  Fourteenth  street,  New 
York  City,  before  February  10. 

3. .  All  proposed  exhibits  to  be  presented  for  approval  of  the  jury  by  the  owners  or 
artists  outside  of  these  cities,  must  be  forwarded  to  the  same  address  in  time  to 
arrive  by  February  12. 

4.  This  Commission  will  pay  freight  charges  upon  works  accepted,  but  all  expenses 
upon  those  not  accepted  and  coming  from  outside  the  cities  named  must  be  borne 
by  the  sender. 

5.  All  articles  must  be  accompanied  by  a  descriptive  note,  giving  title,  name,  and 
address  of  artist  and  owner;  where  to  be  returned;  if  for  sale,  the  price;  and,  as 
near  as  possible,  the  market  or  insurable  value. 

6.  Upon  the  back  of  each  picture-frame,  and  upon  the  bottom  of  other  articles, 
shall  be  pasted  a  label  of  strong  paper,  plainly  written,  giving  the  title,  and  the  name 
and  address  of  the  artist  and  owner.  A  duplicate  of  this  label  must  be  pasted  upon 
the  case  containing  the  picture  or  other  article. 

7.  There  will  be  absolutely  no  extension  of  time,  and  no  exhibit  will  be  received 
after  the  specified  date ,  February  12,  1889. 

William  B.  Franklin, 

Commissioner-  General. 

Somerville  P.  Tuck, 
Assistant  Commissioner-General. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I. 


229 


[Form  46.] 

Circular  No.  7. 


UNITED  STATES  COMMISSION  TO  THE  PARIS  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

([William  B.  Franklin,  Commissioner-General;  Somerville P.  Tuck,  Assistant  Commissioner- General.] 


Washington  Building ,  No.  1  Broadway ,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


(Paris  Offices,  27  Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais.  Cable  addresses,  New  York,  “Universal,”  Paris, 

“Uscom.”] 


January  19,  1889. 

The  attention  of  exhibitors  is  called  to  the  fact  that  show-cases,  counters,  shelv¬ 
ing  and  platforms,  the  unpacking  and  arranging  of  exhibits,  the  care  thereof  during 
the  Exposition,  the  storage  of  packing-cases  and  repacking  at  the  close,  must  be 
paid  for  by  the  exhibitors. 

When  an  agent  is  to  be  employed  to  represent  you,  it  is  necessary  to  fill  out  and 
Teturn  inclosed  blank  to  this  Commission  without  delay. 

Somerville  P.  Tuck, 
Assistant  Commissioner-General. 


[Form  50.] 

Circular  No.  8. 

UNITED  STATES  COMMISSION  TO  THE  PARIS  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

([William  B.  Franklin,  Commissioner-General;  Somerville  P.  Tuck,  Assistant  Commissioner-General.] 
Washington  Building ,  No.  1  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

January  24,  1889. 

Dear  Sir:  This  Commission  wishes  to  call  your  attention  to  the  short  time  left 
“to  collect  an  educational  exhibit,  worthy  of  the  United  States,  for  the  Paris  Exposi¬ 
tion  of  1889.  This  exhibit  can  only  be  made  what  it  ought  to  be  by  the  prompt  and 
hearty  action  of  all  who  can  lend  their  assistance.  The  present  circular  letter  has, 
accordingly,  been  issued  with  the  hope  that  all  who  receive  it  will  contribute  their 
mite  in  the  interest  of  a  representative  collection.  It  will  cost  almost  nothing  to 
the  individual,  and,  with  the  co-operation  of  others,  will  greatly  add  to  the  value  of 
the  Educational  Group. 

The  matter  desired  is  mentioned  below,  and  it  is  hoped  that  all  will  contribute 
item  No.  1,  at  least,  and  as  many  more  of  the  items  as  possible. 

1.  A  chart  showing  the  hours  devoted  to  each  subject  and  each  class  during  the 
•course. 

2.  Photographic  views  and  plans  of  buildings  designed  and  erected  since  1878, 
Also  town  map,  showing  location  of  school  buildings,  with  primary  school  in  one 
•color,  high  school  in  another,  etc. 

8.  Photographs  of  a  group  of  ten  students  from  each  class,  showing  features  and 
carriage. 

4.  Statistics  of  above  groups,  giving  the  age,  weight,  height,  waist  and  breast 
measure  of  each  student. 


230 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


5.  A  few  specimens  of  free-hand  drawing,  giving  the  number  of  hours  of  instruc¬ 
tion  and  practice  before  the  given  drawing  was  undertaken,  and  the  time  required 
to  complete  the  given  specimen. 

6.  A  few  mechanical  drawings  with  similar  information  to  that  called  for  in  No.  5. 

7.  A  few  architectural  drawings  with  similar  information  to  that  called  for  in 


No.  5. 

8.  Specimens  of  writing-books. 

9.  Specimens  of  other  manual  productions. 

10.  Latest  circulars,  catalogues  and  reports. 

11.  As  many  blank  forms,  etc.,  as  convenient. 

12.  Volumes  of  writings  by  members  of  the  faculty. 

You  will  kindly  arrange  the  above  matter  in  bound  volumes  and  portfolios,  and 
forward*  the  same  to  Prof.  C.  Wellman  Parks  (Superintendent  of  Group  II  of  this 
Exposition),  1825  Fifth  Avenue, Troy,  N.Y.,at  your  earliest  convenience, in  order 
that  he  may  arrange  the  matter  for  early  shipment  to  Paris. 

Yours  respectfully, 


William  B.  Franklin, 
United  States  Commissioner-General. 
Somerville  P.  Tuck, 

United  States  Assistant  Commissioner-General. 


[Form  51.] 

Circular  No.  9. 

UNITED  STATES  COMMISSION  TO  THE  PARIS  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

[William  B.  Franklin,  Commissioner-General;  Somerville  P.  Tuck,  Assistant  Commissioner-General.] 
Washington  Building ,  No.  1  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

January  25,  1889. 

Dear  Sir;  This  Commission  desires  the  United  States  Educational  Exhibit  at  the 
Paris  Exposition  of  1889  to  be  as  valuable  to  the  student  as  possible;  and  while  due 
attention  will  be  paid  to  the  artistic  effect  of  the  exhibit,  no  pains  will  be  spared  to 
secure  and  classify  all  statistical  information  and  other  educational  matter  that 
might  induce  the  student  to  remain  and  investigate. 

Your  co-operation,  therefore,  in  furtherance  of  this  object,  would  be  greatly  appre¬ 
ciated.  Believing  the  library  to  be  one  of  our  most  important  educational  institu¬ 
tions,  the  Commission  has  prepared  this  circular,  asking  you  to  contribute  as  much 
of  the  matter  mentioned  below  as  your  records  will  permit: 

1.  Latest  reports  and  classified  catalogue. 

2.  A  copy  of  charter  of  incorporation. 

3.  Photographic  views  and  architects’  drawings  of  library,  reading-room,  museum, 
and  working-room. 

4.  Large  printed  cards  showing  the  number  of  people  in  the  city,  town,  or  society; 
the  number  of  persons  who  have  taken  out  books  during  the  year  of  1888;  the 
number  of  volumes  of  each  class  of  literature  taken  out  of  the  library;  the  number 
of  volumes  of  each  class  given  out  for  reference  in  the  library;  the  papers  and 
magazines  kept  in  reading-room  during  the  year,  and  the  number  of  readers. 

5.  Specimen  blank  forms,  cards,  etc. ,  mounted  on  cards. 


*  Send  by  mail,  free  of  postage,  by  securely  fastening  to  each  package  one  of  the. 
penalty  tags  inclosed  herewith. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I.  231 


Please  correct  and  arrange  this  matter  in  a  portfolio,  and  forward*  to  Prof.  C. 
Wellman  Parks  (Superintendent  of  Group  II  of  this  Exposition),  1825  Fifth  Avenue, 
Troy,  N.  Y.,at  your  earliest  convenience, so  that  he  may  arrange  it  for  early  ship¬ 


ment  to  Paris. 

Yours  respectfully, 


William  B.  Franklin, 
United  States  Commissioner-General. 
Somerville  P.  Tuck, 

United  States  Assistant  Commissioner-General. 


[Form  39.] 

Please  fill  out,  sign  and  return  this  blank  immediately  in  the  FRANKED  envelope  inclosed  herewith 


To  the  United  States  Commission,  Paris  Universal  Exposition  of  1889. 

1  Broadway ,  New  York  City ,  N.  Y. 
EDUCATIONAL  BLANK. 


Name  of  institution : 

Location : 

Date  of  foundation: 

Name  of  president: 

Whole  number  of  students  (unclassified): 

Number  of  male  students: 

Number  of  female  students: 

Number  of  post-graduate  students: 

Is  it  co-educational  ? 

Has  it  a  preparatory  department  ? 

Has  it  professional  schools  ?  If  so,  name  them : 

List  of  text  books: 

List  of  periodicals  published  by  faculty  and  students: 

What  is  the  number  of  instructors  in  each  school  or  college  ? 
How  many  students  in  each  school  or  college  ? 

How  many  students  in  preparatory  department? 

What  is  the  age  of  admission  ? 

What  is  total  amount  of  endowment  ? 

What  is  the  average  cost  of  tuition  ? 

What  is  the  income? 

If  sectarian,  state  the  denomination: 

Blank  filled  out  by 

(Full  name) 

(Address) 


*  Send  by  mail,  free  of  postage,  by  securely  fastening  to  each  package  one  of  the 
penalty  tags  inclosed  herewith. 


232 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


[Form  57.] 

PARIS  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

Collection  to  Illustrate  the  Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States. 

No. _ 

Nature  of  ore _ _ _ _ 

Name  of  mine _ 

Locality _ 


Name  of  Collector  or  Donor 


This  label,  when  filled  out,  should  be  folded  and  placed  next  the  ore,  inside  the  wrapper. 


[Form  56.] 

Circular  No.  10. 

UNITED  STATES  COMMISSION  TO  THE  PARIS  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

[William  B.  Franklin,  Commissioner-General;  Somerville  P.  Tuck,  Assistant  Commissioner-General.] 
Washington  Building,  No.  1  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

[Paris  offices,  27  Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais.  Cable  addresses:  New  York,  “Universal,”  Paris,  “Uscom.”] 

January  29,  1889. 

Directions  for  selecting  and  forwarding  specimens  to  illustrate  the  mineral  re¬ 
sources  of  the  United  States  at  the  Paris  Universal  Exposition  of  1889. 

Specimens  should  show  the  general  nature  of  the  ore,  and  have  freshly  broken, 
clean  faces.  The  size,  so  far  as  possible,  should  be  about  5  inches  square,  or  5 
to  6  inches,  and  from  2  to  3  inches  thick. 

Such  specimens,  accompanied  by  descriptive  labels,  may  be  sent  by  mail,  free  of 
postage,  under  penalty  tags  whicli  will  be  forwarded  for  that  purpose.  The  sample 
should  be  first  wrapped  thoroughly  in  paper,  and  then  sewed  up  in -cloth  or  placed 
in  a  small  sack.  An  invoice  should  be  sent  at  the  same  time,  and  the  name  of  the 
sender  should  be  written  upon  the  back  of  the  tag. 

The  label  written  in  pencil,  stating  the  nature  of  the  ore,  the  name  of  the  claim 
or  mine,  and  the  locality,  with  the  name  of  the  collector  or  donor,  should  be  folded 
and  placed  next  to  the  specimen  inside  of  the  wrapper. 

Statistics  of  production  and  printed  reports  concerning  the  property  are  desired. 

William  B.  Franklin, 
United  States  Commissioner-General. 
Somerille  P.  Tuck, 

United  States  Assistant  Commissioner-General. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I. 


233 


[Form  58.] 

Circular  No.  11. 

PARIS  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

Office  of  the  United  States  Commission,  Washington  Building, 

No.  1  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

SHIPPING  INSTRUCTIONS. 

Special  attention  in  called  to  the  following  shipping  instructions.  Compliance 
therewith  in  every  detail  is  necessary  to  insure  the  proper  delivery  of  exhibits  at 
the  grounds  of  the  Paris  Universal  Exposition  of  1889. 

shipping  mark  and  labels. 

1.  Mark  on  each  case  or  package  in  6-inch  letters  within  a  circle 

2.  Paste  one  of  the  inclosed  labels  on  each  end,  and  one  on  top  of  each  case  or 
package,  making  three  in  alls  As  an  additional  precaution  tack  each  corner. 

3.  Enter  in  space  provided  on  each  label  the  exhibitor’s  name  and  address,  the 
total  number  of  cases  making  up  consignment,  and  the  consecutive  number  in  each 
case. 

4.  The  weight  in  pounds  and  the  number *  of  cubic  feet ,  outside  measurement,  of 
each  case  must  be  specified  in  blank  space  provided  on  each  label. 

INVOICES. 

5.  The  exhibitor  must  make  five  copies  of  the  invoice,  for  which  purpose  blank 
invoices  are  inclosed. 

6.  Send  three  by  mail,  when  shipping  goods,  with  bill  of  lading,  inclosed  in  the 
accompanying  envelope.  Securely  fasten  one  on  the  inside  of  the  lid  of  the  box,  in 
the  package,  or  to  the  article  to  which  it  refers.  Should  there  be  more  than  one 
box  or  package,  the  invoice  must  accompany  No.  1.  Retain  one. 

7.  Your  consignment  must  be  sent  by  fast  freight,  when  possible,  and  charges 
paid  to  New  York. 

8.  The  forwarding  of  your  exhibit  to  New  York  is  requested  at  the  earliest  date. 
If  impracticable  to  forward  as  a  whole,  ship  such  portion  of  it  weekly  as  possible, 
commencing  January  28.  It  will  facilitate  shipment  from  New  York  if  you  can 
arrange  to  have  your  goods  arrive  on  Wednesday  or  Thursday  of  each  week. 

9.  Consign  your  goods  on  bill  of  lading  to  General  William  B.  Franklin,  New 
York,  and  forward  bill  of  lading  and  invoices  by  mail  direct  to  the  Commission, 
No.  1  Broadway,  New  York  City. 

10.  Upon  arrival  of  your  exhibit  at  New  York,  this  Commission  will  cause  the 
same  to  be  transferred  from  rail  or  boat  terminus  to  steamer  at  your  expense,  and 
will  send  you  bill  for  cartage,  accompanied  by  the  Commission’s  receipt. 

William  B.  Franklin, 

Commissioner-  General. 

Somerville  P.  Tuck, 
Assistant  Commissioner -General. 


234 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Circular. 

REIMPORTATION  OF  ARTICLES  SENT  TO  THE  PARIS  EXHIBITION  OF  1889. 

[1889.  Department  No.  31,  Division  of  Customs  ] 

Treasury  Department,  Office  of  the  Secretary, 

Washington,  D.  C.,  March  22,  1889. 

To  Officers  of  the  Customs  and  others  : 

Manufactures,  articles,  or  wares  produced  or  manufactured  in  the  United  States, 
which  may  be  sent  to  the  Paris  Exhibition  of  1889  for  exhibition,  will,  upon  their 
return  to  the  United  States,  be  admitted  to  free  entry,  upon  compliance  with  the 
following  requirements — that  is  to  say,  shippers,  at  the  time  and  port  of  exporta¬ 
tion,  shall  file  at  the  custom-house  a  manifest  showing  the  marks  and  numbers  of 
the  packages,  together  with  an  invoice  or  statement  specifying  the  contents  of  such 
packages  (which  documents  may,  if  the  shippers  so  desire,  be  filed  by  Mr.  Somer- 
viile  P.  Tuck,  Assistant  Commissioner-General  of  such  Exhibition,  whose  office  is 
at  No.  1  Broadway,  New  York,  and  who  will  act  as  their  agent  for  such  purpose), 
and  shall,  upon  return  of  the  packages,  produce  certificates  either  from  the  Director 
or  other  proper  officers  of  the  said  Paris  Exhibition,  duly  authenticated  by  a  United 
States  minister  or  consular  officer,  or  by  a  statement  of  the  consignees  at  the 
foreign  port  from  which  the  reimportations  may  be  made,  certified  by  a  proper 
officer  of  the  customs  at  that  port,  as  required  by  Department’s  circular  of  March 
31.  1886,  which  documents  shall  fully  identify  the  goods. 

Paintings  and  other  works  of  art,  the  production  of  foreign  schools  of  art,  which 
may  be  now  owned  in  this  country  by  residents  of  the  United  States,  and  which 
may  be  loaned  to  the  French  Department  of  Fine  Arts  of  said  Paris  Exhibition  of 
1889  for  exhibition,  will  also,  upon  their  return  to  the  United  States,  be  exempted 
from  the  payment  of  duty  upon  their  identity  being  established  in  the  manner 
hereinbefore  prescribed,  that  is,  by  the  records  of  the  custom-house  at  the  port  of 
exportation  and  the  production  of  statements  or  certificates  from  the  director  or 
other  officer  in  charge  of  the  Fine  Arts  Department  of  said  Exhibition,  duly  au¬ 
thenticated  by  a  United  States  minister  or  consular  officer,  showing  that  they  are 
the  same  articles  which  were  loaned  by  residents  of  the  United  States  for  such 
Exhibition. 

W.  Windom, 

Secretary. 


[Form  65.] 

Circular  No.  13. 


UNITED  STATES  COMMISSION  TO  THE  PARIS  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 


[William  B.  Franklin,  Commissioner-General;  Somerville  P.  Tuck, Assistant  Commissioner-General.] 
Washington  Building,  No.  1  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


[Paris  Offices,  27  Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais.  Cable  addresses:  New  York,  “Universal;11  Paris, 

“Uscom.11] 


February  12,  1889. 


Gentlemen  :  This  Commission  desires  to  collect  a  complete  list  of  the  catalogues 
and  prospectuses  of  the  electrical  industries  and  allied  interests  of  the  United  States, 
for  the  purpose  of  making  an  exhibit  at  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1889  that  will  thor¬ 
oughly  represent  the  various  enterprises  engaged  in  these  industries  in  this  country. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL — APPENDIX  I. 


235 


You  are  respectfully  requested  to  send  to  this  Commission  at  once ,  in  duplicate, 
such  catalogues  and  general  literature  as  have  been  issued  by  your  company. 

Send  by  mail ,  free  of  postage,  by  pasting  to  your  package  the  inclosed  label  con¬ 
taining  the  printed  address  of  the  Commissioner-General. 

Yours  respectfully, 

William  B.  Franklin, 
United  States  Commissioner-General. 
Somerville  P.  Tuck, 

United  States  Assistant  Commissioner-General. 


N.  B. — This  Commission  is  collecting  for  the  Electrical  Department  of  the  Expo¬ 
sition  an  album  of  photographs  and  drawings  representing  electric  plants,  installa¬ 
tions,  factories,  machines,  and  instruments  constructed  in  the  United  States.  The 
Commission  would  be  glad  to  have  you  likewise  contribute  to  the  completion  of  this 
exhibit. 


[Form  66.] 

Circular  No.  14. 

UNITED  STATES  COMMISSION  TO  THE  PARIS  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

Washington  Building,  No.  1  Broadivay,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

March  1,  1889. 

It  will  prevent  delay  in  tlje  issue  of  admission  tickets  to  the  Exposition  if  exhib¬ 
itors  will  send  by  mail,  prepaid,  two  copies  of  their  photographs  (carte  de  visite 
size,  4  by  2  inches),  to  the  United  States  Commission,  27  Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais, 
Paris,  France.  The  full  name  and  address  of  the  person  to  whom  the  ticket  is  to  be 
issued  should  be  inclosed  therewith,  together  with  the  exhibitor’s  number.  An 
application  for  extra  tickets,  when  such  are  desired,  should  also  be  inclosed,  ac¬ 
cording  to  paragraph  2  of  the  following  extract  from  the  French  Official  Regula¬ 
tions. 

For  the  information  of  exhibitors  the  following  translation  has  been  made  from  the 
official  regulations  relating  to  admissions: 

1.  A  single  gratuitous  admission  ticket  will  be  issued  to  each  exhibitor,  or  to  his 
agent  duly  authorized,  which  will  be  delivered  only  to  the  exhibitor  or  his  agent, 
and  to  the  latter  on  the  written  request  of  the  exhibitor. 

2.  If,  in  consequence  of  the  size  or  importance  of  the  exhibit,  the  services  of  one 
or  more  attendants  are  required,  the  exhibitor  must  apply  for  tickets  for  the  num¬ 
ber  desired,  which  application  will  be  passed  upon  by  the  French  Administration 
and  a  special  certificate  issued  for  the  admission  of  such  employes  as  are  considered 
'necessary. 

8.  The  price  of  admission  to  the  Exposition  is  as  follows:  Day  Admission — One 
Franc  per  person  during  the  hours  of  general  admission;  Two  Francs  per  person 
during  the  hours  devoted  to  students.  Evening  Admission — Two  Francs  per  per¬ 
son  during  the  week;  One  Franc  per  person  on  Sunday.  The  price  of  tickets  for 
evening  entertainments  will  be  regulated  hereafter. 

4.  Subscription  Tickets — One  Hundred  Francs  per  person  for  the  entire  period 
of  the  Exposition.  These  will  bear  the  name  of  the  person  to  whom  they  are 
issued,  must  be  signed  by  him,  and  he  must  reproduce  his  signature  on  a  special 
register  at  the  request  of  the  ticket  collectors.  Any  ticket  that  is  transferred  will 


236 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


be  confiscated,  and  the  person  so  transferring  his  ticket  and  the  person  making 
use  of  a  ticket  not  belonging  to  him  will  be  prosecuted  according  to  law. 

5.  There  will  be  no  free  admission  except  by  the  non-transferable  personal 
tickets  issued  to  exhibitors,  their  agents  and  employe,  and  officials;  and  referred 
to  in  section  1  above. 

William  B.  Franklin, 

United  States  Commissioner-General. 

Somerville  P.  Tuck, 

United  States  Assistant  Commissioner-General. 


[Special  circular  to  the  press.] 


To  the  Editor: 


Office  of  the  United  States  Commission 

to  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1889. 

No.  1  Broadway ,  New  York  City,  N.  Y. ,  December  7,  1888. 


Dear  Sir:  I  send  you  herewith  a  synopsis  of  the  Social  Economy  Exhibit  to  be 
held  in  connection  with  the  Paris  Universal  Exposition  of  1889,  thinking  that  the 
particulars  concerning  American  contributions  may  interest  the  readers  of  your 
valuable  paper. 

If  you  are  of  this  opinion,  the  Commission  will  be  glad  to  have  you  publish  the 
article,  in  whole  or  in  part. 

Yours  respectfully, 


Somerville  P.  Tuck, 
Assistant  Commissioner-General. 


Mr.  Georges  Berger,  fhe  Director-General  of  the  Paris  Universal  Exposition 
Df  1889,  has  issued  a  brochure  of  150  pages,  on  the  “Exposition  d’Economie  So- 
ciale,”  which  is  to  be  held  in  connection  with  the  main  Exposition.  The  Exposition 
of  Social  Economy  is  divided  into  fifteen  sections,  the  second  of  which  is  devoted  to 
profit-sharing  and  productive  co-operation.  Mr.  Charles  Robert,  No.  15  Rue  de  la 
Banque,  Paris,  is  president  of  this  section,  and  several  noted  profit-sharing  employ¬ 
ers  are  members  of  the  Commission.  The  other  sections  embrace  wages,  appren¬ 
ticeship,  union  aid  societies,  retiring  and  life  pensions,  accident  and  life  insurance, 
savings,  co-operative  distribution, workmen’s  homes  and  recreations,  banks,  hygiene, 
and  large  and  small  industries. 

The  commissioners  in  charge  embrace  the  leading  economists  and  experts  of 
France.  A  large  part  of  the  pamphlet  is  devoted  to  a  series  of  questions  to  provide 
for  a  preliminary  inquiry  under  each  head.  An  important  feature  of  this  exhibit 
will  be  the  reports,  documents,  books,  etc.,  relating  to  social  economy,  with  particu¬ 
lar  attention  paid  to  the  making  of  charts  and  plans. 

The  United  States  Commission  to  the  Exposition  will  contribute  the  complete 
works  of  the  twenty -two  state  bureaus  of  labor  statistics  in  this  country,  making 
a  collection  of  seventy-five  volumes,  and  the  presentation  therewith  of  the  literature, 
so  far  as  America  is  concerned,  relating  to  profit-sharing  and  co-operation.  A 
thorough  and  comprehensive  work  on  profit-sharing  between  employer  and  em¬ 
ployes,  by  Rev.  Nicholas  P.  Gilman,  is  now  in  press,  and  will  also  be  placed  on 
exhibition.  Mr.  Gilman  has  furnished  Mr.  Charles  Robert,  through  the  U.  S.  Assist¬ 
ant  Commissioner-General,  Somerville  P.  Tuck,  with  a  list  of  the  principal  profit- 
sharing  firms  in  this  country,  as  Mr.  Robert  desired  to  stimulate  them  through  per¬ 
sonal  correspondence  to  make  certain  forms  of  exhibits  which  would  greatly  add  to 
the  interest  of  the  Exposition.  The  manufactures  by  profit-sharing  firms  will  be 
found  in  their  appropriate  places  in  the  main  Exposition.  A  full  programme  of 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I. 


237 


lectures  and  discussions  on  all  the  subject-matters  of  the  fifteen  sections  will  be 
held,  and  reports  made  from  various  countries.  M.  Berger  states  that  the  principal 
object  of  the  exhibit  is  to  make  uninformed  employers  and  workmen  familiar  with 
the  methods  of  those  who  have  proved  successful  in  the  same  line  of  work,  and  to 
present  to  the  world  an  impartial  survey  of  social  economy  at  the  close  of  the  nine¬ 
teenth  century,  with  its  gradual  development,  actual  condition,  and  probable  out¬ 
come. 


PARIS  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

Office  of  the  United  States  Commission, 

27,  Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais,  Paris  {France),  April  10, 1889. 

Sir:  This  is  to  inform  you  that  as  an  exhibitor  you  are  entitled  to  free  admission 
to  the  grounds  and  buildings  of  the  Universal  Exposition. 

In  order  to  avail  yourself  of  this  privilege,  you  must  send,  immediately,  to  the 
above  address,  two  photographs,  carte  de  visite  size  0m,  107  by  0m,  065,  with 
your  full  name,  nationality,  and  present  address  plainly  written  upon  the  back  of 
each. 

Messrs.  Van  Bosch  &  Co.,  10,  Boulevard  Montmartre,  have  notified  the  United 
States  Commission  that  they  will  take  the  photographs  required  free  of  charge. 

William  B.  Franklin, 

Commissioner-  General . 


'  [Form  62.] 

Circular  No.  12. 

PARIS  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

Office  of  the  United  States  Commission, 

WASHINGTON  BUILDING,  NO.  1  BROADWAY,  NEW  YORK,  N.  Y. 

[William  B.  Franklin,  Commissioner-General;  Somerville  P.  Tuck,  Assistant  Commissioner- 

General.  ] 


February  1,  1889. 

INFORMATION  FOR  THE  JURY. 

To  Exhibitors: 

Exhibitors  are  requested  to  fill  out  the  accompanying  blank  and  forward  it  at 
once  in  the  inclosed  franked  envelope  to  General  William  B.  Franklin,  United  States 
Commissioner-General,  Washington  Building,  No.  1  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

If  the  spaces  opposite  each  question  are  not  adequate,  the  answers  can  be  written 
on  the  opposite  page,  or  on  separate  sheets  of  paper,  attached  and  numbered  to 
co 1  respond. 

Catalogues,  price-lists,  and  all  other  information  published  by  exhibitors  should 
also  be  forwarded  as  above. 

Immediate  attention  must  be  given  to  this  request. 

William  B.  Franklin, 
United  States  Commissioner-General. 
Somerville  P.  Tuck, 

United  States  Assistant  Commissioner-General. 


238 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


INFORMATION  FOR  JURY  TO  ACCOMPANY  EACH  EXHIBIT. 

Exhibitors  must  immediately  answer  the  following  questions,  so  far  as  possible, 
and  forward  this  blank,  properly  filled  out,  in  the  inclosed  franked  envelope,  to  Gen¬ 
eral  William  B.  Franklin,  United  States  Commissioner-General,  Washington  Build¬ 
ing,  No.  1  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 


Questions. 

Answer. 

1 .  Nature  of  the  exhibit. 

2.  Number  of  application. 

3.  Where  produced  or  manufactured. 

4.  Extent  and  capacity  of  works. 

5.  Kind  and  quantity  of  power  used. 

(  Men. 

6.  Number  of  persons  employed.  ■<  Women. 

(  Children. 

7.  Extent  and  value  of  the  annual  production. 

8.  Business— when  commenced. 

9.  Markets  and  place  of  consumption. 

10.  Sources  of  materials  used. 

11.  Peculiarities  of  the  object  shown,  or  of  the 
manufacture.  State  all  considerations  relat¬ 
ing  to  invention,  discovery,  utility,  quality, 
skill,  workmanship,  fitness  for  purpose  inten¬ 
ded,  adaptation  to  public  wants,  economy  and 
cost. 

12.  Special  or  particular  claim  of  merit  to  which 
the  exhibitor  desires  to  call  the  attention  of 
the  jury. 

13.  What  prizes  have  been  awarded  to  the  exhib¬ 
itors  at  previous  International  Exhibitions  ? 

14.  State  what  special  provision  has  been  made, 
if  any,  for  the  promotion  of  health,  morals, 
and  education  of  the  workmen. 

15.  Give  signature  in  full  of  the  applicant  for 
space,  with  place  of  business  and  date;  state 
also  agent’s  name  and  address. 

Agent  in  Paris 


Name  in  full 
Post-office  address 


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REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I.  239 


PARIS  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 


United  States  Commission,  1  Broadway.  New  York,  N.Y. 


Application  for  space  No. - .  Group  No.  - .  Class  No 


The  undersigned  (’) - ,  doing  business  at  (2) - ,  make  application 

to  exhibit  the  articles  specified  below  ;  (3) - ,  for  the  installation  of  which,  space 

will  be  needed  of  the  following  dimensions:  (4) - length, - height, - width 

-  area. 

Floor  space  : 

Wall  space  : 

[Signature] - . 

(1)  State  individual,  firm  or  company  name  in  full. 

(2)  State  address  of  office  and  works  in  full. 

(3)  Give  complete  description  of  articles  in  detail.  State  if  it  is  desired  to  exhibit  machines  or 
other  objects  requiring  foundations  or  special  constructions,  and  furnish  a  sketch  of  these  founda¬ 
tions  or  constructions,  with  side  elevations.  In  case  it  is  desired  to  Exhibit  apparatus  requiring  the 
use  of  water,  gas,  or  steam,  state  the  necessary  quantity  and  pressure  of  each.  If  it  is  desired  to 
show  machines  in  operation,  state  the  speed  of  each  of  them,  and  the  power  required,  expressed  in 
horse-power. 

(4)  These  dimensions  should  include  those  of  the  show-cases,  counters,  or  platforms  necessary  for 
the  installation  of  the  articles.  Scale  drawings  of  show-cases  must  be  furnished. 


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240 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS, 


PARIS  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

United  States  Commission,  1  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Application  for  Space  No. - .  Group  No.  1.  Class  No. - 

The  undersigned,  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  (Full  name) - 

Address - . 

Place  of  birth - . 

Makes  application  to  exhibit  the  articles  specified  below  (’) - — . 

Titles  and  descriptions - . 


Owner  and  price - . 

Where  to  be  returned - . 

Names  of  masters - . 

Recompenses - . 

For  the  installation  of  which,  space  will  be  needed  of  the  following  dimensions 

(1 2) : - length, - height, - width, - Area. 

Floor  space - . 

Wall  space - . 

Date - . 

[Signature] -  - 


1  Give  complete  description  of  articles  in  detail,  as  it  will  form  the  basis  of  the  catalogue  entry.  If 
for  sale,  state  price.  If  not  entered  for  competition,  mention  it.  State  if  it  is  desired  to  exhibit  ob¬ 
jects  requiring  show-cases  or  platforms. 

2  These  dimensions  should  include  those  of  the  frames,  show-cases,  counters  or  platforms  necessary 
for  the  installation  of  the  articles. 

This  blank  must  not  be  used  to  enter  works  by  different  artists. 


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REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I.  241 


United  States  Commission  to  the  Paris  Universal  Exposition  of  1889. 
[William  B.FRANKLiN,Commissioner-General.— Somerville  P.  Tuck,  Assistant  Commissioner-General.] 
Washington  Building,  No.  1  Broadway ,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

PERMIT  FOR  SPACE. 

New  York  City, - 188— 


Referring  to  your  application  for  space  to  exhibit  at  the  Exposition  above  named,, 
you  have  been  allotted  space  as  follows  :  In  Group  -  Class  - 


Inclosed  is  a  blank  acceptance,  which  you  are  requested  to  fill  in,  sign  and  re¬ 
turn  at  once.  You  will  hereafter  receive  instructions  as  to  labels,  invoice  and  ship- 
ing. 


Commissioner-General. 


H.  Ex.  410 


16 


'242 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


[Please  fill  up,  sign,  and  return  this  blank  immediately.] 

To  the  United  States  Commission,  Paris  Universal  Exposition  of  1889. 


1  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  F.  : 


Sirs  :  The  undersigned  hereby  accept  —  the  space  allotted  to - ,  at  the 

Exposition  above  named,  and  agree  to  occupy  the  space  creditably,  and  in  accord¬ 
ance  with  the  rules  of  the  Commission.  Labels  are  required  for - cases,  which 

will  measure - cubic  feet,  and  weigh - pounds,*  and  it  is  agreed  that  the 

exhibit  shall  be  ready  for  shipment  from - place  of  business  not  later  than  Jan¬ 

uary  15,  1889. 

Dated - . 

Name, - . 

Address, - . 


*  This  is  most  important, 
exactly. 


Give  approximate  weight  and  measurement  if  you  cannot  state  them 


- 

<x>  a3  0  ft  .d 
did  &  3  SS  3 
S  ^3  bJD  8  £  Z 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I.  243 


[Form  59.] 

UNITED  STATES  COMMISSION  TO  THE  PARIS  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 
[William  B.  Franklin,  Commissioner-General;  Somerville  P. Tuck,  Assistant  Commissioner-General.] 
Washington  Building ,  No.  1  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

RECEIPT. 

New  York,  N.  Y., - ,  1889. 

Received  of - packages  containing  articles  for  exhibition  at  the  Paris 

Universal  Exposition  of  1889,  at  Paris. 

From - exhibitor, - -,  on  which  the  following  charges  are  due  by 

the  exhibitor  above  named. 

Transportation . 

Terminal . 

Total . 

Exhibit  No. - . 

Condition - . 

For  the  Commissioner-General, 


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SP 

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0)  CD 

o 

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Ph 


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a 

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CD  CD 
bO  m 


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£  H 


<  W  O  H  Eh 


244 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS, 


(Form  47.] 

If  an  agent  is  to  be  employed,  please  fill  up,  sign,  and  return  this  blank  immediately. 

Exhibit  No.  - - . 

General  William  B.  Franklin, 

United  States  Commissioner-General ,  Paris  Universal  Exposition  of  1889, 

No.  1  Broadway ,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Sir:  You  are  hereby  notified  that - is  authorized  to  take  charge  of 

- exhibit  No. - ,  to  attend  to  all  matters  in  connection  therewith,  and  rep¬ 
resent  - as  fully  as  if - personally  present - . 

Name, - . 

Address, - . 

Date, - . 


[Form  48.] 

Record  of  shipments  Exposition  goods  to  Paris,  1889. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I. 


245 


[Form  49.] 

PARIS  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 
United  States  Commission. 


Invoice. 


Exhibit  No. 

Name, - 

Address,  — 


How  shipped, - 

Date, - . 

Number  of  cases, 


No.  of 
each  case. 


Exact  dimensions  of 
each  case. 


Weight  in 
pounds. 


Description  of  contents  of  each  case. 


Estimated 

value. 


Shipped  to 


Signature  of  exhibitor, 


William  B.  Franklin, 

Commissioner-General. 


246 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS, 


INSTRUCTIONS. 

1.  All  cases  must  be  labeled  with  the  accompanying  labels  and  in  accordance  with  the  instructions 

thereon.  , 

2.  Should  there  be  more  than  one  article  in  a  case,  give  description  of  each  in  the  fourth  column, 
and  value  opposite  in  the  fifth  column. 

3.  Covers  of  cases  must  be  fastened  on  with  screws. 

4.  Ship  by  fast  freight  when  possible,  and  charges  paid  to  address  hereafter  to  be  furnished  by  the 
Commission. 

5.  The  commissioners  will  take  every  precaution  to  secure  the  careful  handling  and  transportation 
of  articles,  but  it  must  be  distinctly  understood  that  they  will  not  insure,  nor  will  the  United  States 
Commission  be  in  any  way  responsible  for  damage  or  loss. 

6.  The  exhibitors  must  make  five  copies  of  this  invoice  and  dispose  of  them  as  follows:  Send  three 
by  mail  at  the  time  of  shipping  goods,  pinned  to  the  bill  of  lading,  to  the  United  States  Commission, 
No.  1  Broadway,  New  York  City.  Securely  fasten  one  on  the  inside  of  the  lid  of  the  case  or  to  the 
article  to  which  it  refers.  Retain  one.  (N.  B.  — Should  there  be  more  than  one  case,  the  invoice  must 
accompany  No.  1.) 


United  States  flag,  printed 
in  colors. 

Group -  Class - 

From 


Exhibit  No. - 

Total  No.  of  Cases - -  Weightr 

Number  of  this  Case - 

Measurement,  cubic  feet- 


UNIYERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 
United  States  Commission. 


To 

GenT  WILLIAM  B.  FRANKLIN, 

Commissioner-General . 

Champ  de  Mars, 

Paris, 

France. 


Paint  on  each  case  (e/U^ 


in  6  inch  letters. 


With  dispatch  and  care.  Keep  dry. 


Paste  One  of  these  Labels  on  each  end  and  one  on  top  of  the 
case,  making  three  in  all.  Tack  each  Corner. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I. 


247 


The  United  States,  to - - - Dr.  on  account  of  appropriation  for  the  Paris 

Exposition  of  1889.  ( Public  Resolution,  No.  11,  approved  May  10, 1888.) 


Received  at - ,  this - day  of - ,  188 — ,  from  William  B.  Franklin,  Com¬ 
missioner-General,  the  sum  of - dollars,  in  full  payment  of  the  above  account, 

$ - . 


To  be  signed  in  duplicate  by  principals  only. 


248 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Abstract  of  expenditures  by  William  B.  Franklin,  Commissioner-General,  on  account 
of  the  appropriation  for  Pdris  Exposition  of  1889,  for  the  month  of - ,  188 — . 


No.  of  voucher. 

To  whom  paid. 

Object  of  expenditure. 

Amount. 

$ 

Cts. 

I  certify  that  the  above  abstract  is  correct. 


Commissioner-General. 


g  o 

©  S  9 

-M  pll 

S  03  22 

o  ^  8 

I  «  'I 

Ss  I 

o 


REPORT  OE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I.  249 


The  United  States  in  account-current  with  William  B.  Franklin ,  Commissioner- 
General ,  for  the  month  of - ,  188 — . 


APPROPRIATION  FOR  PARIS  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 


Dr. 

To  amount  received  from  the 

United  States . 

Diplomatic  warrant  No.  - , 

Draft  No. - ,  Ass’t  Treas’r, 

New  York . 


Cts. 


Cr. 

By  amount  of  abstract 


8  Cts. 


Balance  due  the  United  States 
- •,  188— . 


Commissioner-General. 


250 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


The  United  States  in  account-current  with  William  B.  Franklin ,  Commissioner- 
General,  for  the  month  of - ,  188 — . 

APPROPRIATION  FOR  PARIS  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 


[Joint  resolution  approved  May  10,  1888.J 

Dr.  Cr. 


Date. 

Expenditures. 

Amount. 

Date. 

Receipts. 

Amount. 

To  amount  of  disburse¬ 
ments  for  the  month  of 

- ,  188-,  as  per  ab- 

stract, 

To  balance  due  the  United 
States, 

By  balance  cash  due  the 
United  States,  brought 
forward  from  -  ac¬ 

count-current  188-. 

By  amount  of  draft  No.  — —  , 
(diplomatic  warrant  No. 

- )  of  the  Treasurer  of 

the  United  States  to  As¬ 
sistant  Treasurer  at  New 
York,  Y.  N. 

I 

I  certify  that  this  account-current  is  correct. 


Commissioner-  Gen  era  L 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I. 


251 


(. B )  DURING  THE  EXHIBITION. 

[Circular.] 

Office  of  the  United  States  Commissioner-General, 

Paris,  June  25,  1889. 

The  following  is  a  translation  of  a  communication  received  from  the  French 
administration : 

‘  ‘  The  Director-General  reminds  the  engineers  and  architects  of  the  French  classes 
and  of  the  foreign  sections  that  the  general  regulations  absolutely  forbid  the  sale  of 
manufactured  articles  in  the  halls  of  the  Exposition.  He  requests  them,  there¬ 
fore,  to  see  that  this  order  is  rigorously  observed,  and  to  communicate  this  circular 
to  their  exhibitors. 

“  Those  exhibitors  who  do  not  conform  to  the  above  will  be  prosecuted.” 

Exhibitors  are  respectfully  requested  to  comply  with  the  above-mentioned  regula¬ 
tions,  and  are  informed  that  in  case  this  is  not  done  by  them,  the  Commission  will- 
take  steps  to  prevent  the  sale  of  articles  in  the  United  States  section. 

By  order  of  the  Commissioner-General. 

Wm.  C.  Gunnell, 

Engineer  United  States  Commission. 


[Ministere  du  Commerce,  de  l'lndustrie  et  des  Colonies. 

Generate  de  l’Exploitation.] 


[Translation.] 


Exposition  Universelle  de  1889. 


REPUBLIQUE  FRANQAISE. 


Direction 


Paris,  16  Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais,  18  July,  1889. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  call  your  attention  to  the  provisions  of  Article  38  of  the 
General  Regulations,  which  states  that  objects  sold  cannot  be  removed  before  the 
end  of  the  Exposition  without  a  special  authorization. 

The  enforcement  of  this  article  is  more  than  ever  necessary  for  the  reason  that 
it  is  the  common  interest  of  all  to  resist  the  tendency  on  the  part  of  many  exhibitors 
to  empty  their  show-cases  as  soon  as  the  operations  of  the  jury  are  finished. 

Strict  orders  have  been  given  to  those  in  charge  of  all  exits  to  prohibit  the  carrying 
out  of  any  article  which  is  not  accompanied  by  a  permit  signed  by  me  and  counter¬ 
signed  by  the  proper  officers  of  the  Douane  and  Octroi. 

Special  permits  should  be  requested,  by  those  interested,  at  my  offices. 

Receive,  sir,  the  assurance  of  my  distinguished  consideration. 

G.  Berger, 
Director-General. 

Commissioner-  General  Franklin. 


[Ministere  du  Commerce,  de  l’lndustrie  et  des  Colonies.  Exposition  Universelle  de  1889.  Cabinet  du 

Directeur  General  de  l’Exploitation.] 

[Translation.] 

REPUBLIQUE  FRANQAISE. 


Paris,  16  Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais,  23  July,  1889. 

Sir  :  I  have  the  honor  to  call  your  attention  to  certain  abuses  which,  if  they  do 
not  cease  immediately,  will  cause  the  greatest  embarrassment.  The  general  regu¬ 
lation  formally  prohibits  the  sale  of  manufactured  articles  of  exhibitors.  I  have 
consented,  however,  not  to  enforce  this  regulation  rigorously,  but  it  is  indispensable 


252 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


that  the  objects  sold  shall  be  only  those  made  in  sight  of  visitors  and  by  exhibited 
machines.  This  measure,  which  I  think  yon  will  approve,  can  only  be  carried  out 
if  you  will  order  the  guardians  of  your  section  to  keep  a  strict  watch  in  this  mat¬ 
ter,  which  in  any  event  it  is  their  duty  to  do. 

Everyday  the  number  of  sellers  increases,  and  in  each  class  articles  are  sold  quite 
different  from  those  which  are  made  there.  This  comes  from  the  fact  that  certain 
exhibitors  give  up  a  part  of  their  space  to  persons  who  are  only  sellers,  and  the 
Expositions  will  soon  be  encumbered  by  them. 

I  request  that  you  will  charge  the  engineer  of  your  section  to  see  that  these  abuses 
cease  immediately,  and  that  no  place  shall  be  occupied  by  any  person  who  is  not  an 
exhibitor  regularly  admitted. 

Accept,  sir,  the  assurance  of  my  high  consideration. 

G.  Berger, 
Director-General. 

General  Franklin, 

Commissioner ■  General  of  the  United  States. 


(C.)  INCIDENT  TO  THE  CLOSE. 

[United  States  Commission,  Paris  Exposition  of  1889,  27  Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais.] 

Paris,  France,  September  15,  1889. 

NOTICE  TO  EXHIBITORS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  SECTIONS. 

The  exposition  will  close  on  the  81st  of  October  next. 

I  request  to  be  informed  at  once  what  disposition  you  wish  to  have  made  of  your 
exhibit. 

You  will  oblige  me,  therefore,  if  you  will  as  soon  as  possible  inform  me  whether 
you  will  have  the  goods  returned  to  the  place  from  which  they  came,  it  being  un¬ 
derstood  that  the  United  States  will  deliver  them  in  New  York  free  of  all  charges 
for  freight  from  here  to  the  steamer  wharf  in  New  York.  Any  other  charges  which 
may  accrue  will  follow  the  goods. 

Should  you  wish  to  make  other  disposition  of  them,  please  inform  me  of  the  fact, 
on  the  accompanying  blank  form,  mailed  in  the  inclosed  envelope  with  5  cents 
postage  prepaid. 

Should  I  receive  no  answer  to  this  circular  from  you,  I  shall  consider  that  you 
desire  to  have  the  goods  returned  to  the  United  States  on  the  conditions  given  above. 

Exhibitors  are  requested  to  employ  competent  agents  to  repack  their  goods. 

If  no  agent  be  so  employed,  the  Commission  is  willing  to  repack  the  exhibit,  em¬ 
ploying  such  labor  as  can  be  obtained  at  the  close  of  the  Exposition  and  charging 
the  cost  to  the  exhibitors. 

All  delicate  or  fragile  articles  or  apparatus  should,  however,  be  packed  by  compe¬ 
tent  persons  employed  by  the  exhibitors.  While  all  proper  care  will  be  taken  by  the 
Commission,  it  will  assume  no  responsibility  for  damage  on  account  of  unskillful 
packing. 

W.  B.  Franklin, 

United  States  Commissioner-General. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I. 


253 


United  States  Commission,  Paris  Exposition  of  1889, 

27  Avenue  de  La  Bourdonnais, 

Paris,  October  31,  1889. 

NOTICE  TO  EXHIBITORS  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  SECTIONS. 

All  goods  which  were  exported  from  the  United  States  and  have  formed  part  of 
its  exhibit  will,  if  not  otherwise  disposed  of,  be  taken  at  the  Exposition,  when  the 
prescribed  regulations  are  complied  with,  and  transported  to  New  York  free  of  ex¬ 
pense  to  the  exhibitors. 

Exhibitors  and  their  agents  are  cautioned  against  any  infraction  of  customs  regu¬ 
lations.  No  uncommon  privileges  will  be  allowed,  and  the  customary  examina¬ 
tion  will  in  all  probability  be  carried  out  in  New  York  and  the  legal  penalties  im¬ 
posed. 

To  prevent  confusion,  loss,  delay,  and  customs  difficulties  the  following  regula¬ 
tions  should  be  strictly  complied  with,  without  which  no  packages  will  be  accepted 
for  shipment: 

1.  Only  goods  exported  from  the  United  States  and  having  formed  part  of  its 
exhibit  will  be  received. 

2.  The  contents  of  each  box  must  be  invoiced  on  blanks.  The  exhibitor  must 
make  five  copies  of  the  invoice  on  forms  issued  by  the  Commission.  One  of  these 
invoices  is  to  be  put  into  the  box,  one  is  to  be  retained  by  the  exhibitor,  and  the 
other  three  handed  to  the  superintendent  of  the  section  for  the  use  of  the  Commis¬ 
sion  and  shippers.  These  invoices  will  be  sworn  to  by  the  exhibitor  or  his  agent 
before  some  person  deputed  by  the  United  States  Commissioner-General  for  the 
purpose,  and  will  be  used  in  connection  with  the  invoices  f  urnished  at  the  time  of 
exportation  to  identify  the  goods  by  the  custom-house  authorities  in  New  York. 
Any  article  not  invoiced  found  in  the  cases  will  subject  the  exhibitor  to  fines  and 
confiscation,  in  accordance  with  the  laws  of  the  United  States. 

3.  When  the  cases  are  ready  for  shipment  they  will  be  legibly  marked  with  the 
owner’s  name  and  address,  the  original  application  number,  the  total  number  of 
cases  making  up  the  shipment,  and  the  consecutive  number  of  each  case,  upon 
labels  furnished  by  the  Commission.  The  weight  in  pounds  and  the  number  of 
cubic  feet,  outside  measurement  of  each  case,  must  also  be  specified  in  the  blank  space 
provided  on  each  label.  Three  labels  will  be  supplied  for  each  case.  Paste  one  of 
the  labels  on  each  end  and  one  on  top  of  each  case  or  package;  and  as  an  additional 
precaution  tack  each  corner  of  the  label. 

By  authority  of  the  United  States  Commissioner-General. 

W.  C.  Gunnell. 

Engineer  United  States  Commission. 


254 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


u.  s.. 


-  1889. 

To  the  United  States  Commissioner-General  of  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1889, 

27  Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais ,  Paris,  France : 

Sir:  You  will  oblige - by  delivering - exhibit,  now  in  Paris  International 

Exposition,  to - ,of - ,who  — —  hereby  authorized  to  receive 

it  and  take  charge  of  it  in - name. 


UNITED  STATES  COMMISSION,  PARIS  EXPOSITION,  1889. 


18- 


Received  from  General  William  B.  Franklin  Commissioner-General - 

being - Exhibit  of - No. - ,  Group - ,  Class - ,  and  transferred 

to - under  authority  of  letter  of  - - dated - . 

Signature - , 


Address 


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REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I. 


255 


No.  of 
each  case. 

Exact  dimensions  of 
each  case. 

Weight  ii 
pounds. 

Description  of  contents  of  each  case. 


Estimated 

value. 


Shipped  to - . 

By  General  Wm.  B.  Franklin, 

United  States  Commissioner -General. 


INSTRUCTIONS. 


1.  All  cases  must  be  labeled  with  the  accompanying  labels,  and  in  accordance  with  the  instructions 
'thereon. 

2.  Should  there  be  more  than  one  article  in  a  case,  describe  each  one  in  the  fourth  column,  and  state 
its  value  in  the  fifth  column. 

3.  All  crates,  boxes,  etc.,  should  be  securely  nailed  or  screwed;  the  Commission  will  take  every  pre¬ 
caution  to  insure  the  careful  handling  and  transportation  of  goods,  but  they  do  not  insure,  nor  will 
they  in  any  way  be  responsible  for  damage  or  loss. 

4.  Exhibitors  will  make  five  copies  of  this  Invoice  —  Retain  one  (1);  fasten  one  in  case  No.  1  —  and 

deliver  three  (3)  to  the  United  States  Commission,  at - ,  27  Avenue  de  la  Bourdonnais,  Paris. 


256 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION,  PARIS,  1889. 

Declaration  of  Invoice. 

I,  the  undersigned,  declare  that  I  am - of - ,  exhibitor,  the  ship¬ 

per  of  wares,  goods,  and  merchandise  belonging  to  the  said  exhibitor,  which  were 
exported  from  the  United  States  and  exhibited  in  the  United  States  section  at  the 
Universal  Exposition  at  Paris,  1889. 

I  also  declare  that  the  invoice  annexed  is  a  true,  full,  and  faithful  description  of 
the  goods,  wares,  and  merchandises  contained  in  the  cases  noted  on  the  said  invoice, 
and  that  the  said  cases  contain  nothing  but  articles  shipped  from  the  United  States 
and  exhibited  in  the  United  States  section. 

Signature: 


OFFICE  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  COMMISSION,  PARIS  EXPOSITION,  1889. 


Paris, - 188 — . 

I  hereby  certify  that  the  annexed  invoice,  numbered - in  which  are  mentioned 

and  described  certain  goods,  wares,  and  merchandises,  was  produced  to  me  by  the 
subscriber  of  the  foregoing,  who  thereupon  declared  that  all  the  goods,  wares,  and 
merchandises  therein  mentioned  and  described  have  formed  a  part  of  the  United 
States  Exhibit  at  the  Universal  Exposition  at  Paris,  1889,  and  were  exported  from 
the  United  States  for  that  purpose,  and  that  it  was  intended  to  re-enter  the  said 
goods,  wares,  and  merchandises  into  the  United  States. 

I  do  further  certify  that  the  person  making  the  above  declaration  is  the  person 
he  represents  himself  to  be,  and  that  so  far  as  I  have  the  means  of  knowing,  the 
statements  made  in  the  said  declaration  are  true. 

Witness  my  hand  and  seal  of  the  United  States  Commission,  this - day  of - , 


1889. 


Signed  in  triplicate. 


W.  B.  Franklin, 

Commissioner-General. 
By - . 

His  Deputy. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  I. 


257 


Consulate-General  of  the  United  States  of  America  for  France,  Paris. 

Be  it  known  that  on  the - day  of - one  thousand  eight  hundred  and - , 

before  me  the  undersigned - ,  consul  general  of  the  United  States  of 

America,  at  Paris,  in  France,  personally  appeared - ,  personally  known 

to  me,  and  known  to  me  to  be  the  duly  authorized  deputy  of  the  United  States 
Commissioner-General  of  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1889,  and  known  to  me  to  be  the 
person  who  executed  the  certificates  attached  to  the  invoices  enumerated  and 
described  in  the  annexed  abstract  of  invoices  of  goods  shipped  from  the  Paris 
Exposition  to  New  York,  and  dated  the day  of - 18 — ,  and  duly  acknowl¬ 

edged  to  me  that  he  executed  the  same  freely  and  voluntarily  for  the  uses  and  pur¬ 
poses  therein  mentioned. 

In  testimony  whereof  I  have  hereunto  set  my  hand  and  seal  of  office  the  day  and 
year  above  written. 

Consul-General  of  the  United,  States  of  America  at  Paris,  France . 


Abstract  of  invoices  of  goods  shipped  from  the  Paris  Exposition  to  New  York  per 
— * - ,  on  the - day  of - ,  18 — . 


Ex¬ 

hibit 

No. 

Num¬ 

bers 

of 

cases. 

Cubic 

measurement. 

Total 

Weight. 

Total 

number 

of 

cases. 

Ex¬ 

hibit 

No. 

Num¬ 

bers 

of 

cases. 

Cubic 

measurement. 

Total 

Weight. 

Total 

number 

of 

cases. 

W.  B.  Franklin, 

United  States  Commissioner-General. 
Per - Deputy. 


Declared 


[Indorsement.] 

Abstract  of  Invoices. 

PARIS  EXPOSITION  GOODS. 


A  label,  one-third  blue,  two-third  red  and  white  stripes,  with  the  following 
printed  across  the  face  : 

With  care.  Keep  dry.  Exhibitors  will  attach  with  liquid  glue  3  labels  to  each  package. 

To - 


I  a 
I 


s  s» 
<=>  a 

O  Qh 


8  05 

-is  I-*  oo 

Oq  g  GO 

a  5  - 
£  £ 
®  o 

g  Cb  •-£ 
b 


Exhibit  No. - .  Class  ■ 

Number  of  this  case - . 


- .  Total  No.  of  Cases - . 

Weight - nounds.  Cubic  feet 


H.  Ex.  410- 


17 


APPENDIX  J 


SYNOPSIS  OF  CLASSIFICATION. 

UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 

Group  I.— Works  of  Art. 

Class  1.  Oil  paintings. 

2.  Paintings  of  different  kinds  and  drawings. 

3.  Sculpture  and  engravings  on  medals. 

4.  Architectural  drawings  and  models. 

5.  Engravings  and  lithographs. 

Group  II.— Education  and  Instruction.— Apparatus  and  Processes  used  in 

the  Liberal  Arts. 

Class  6.  Education  of  young  children.  Primary  instruction.  Instruction  of 
adults. 

7.  Organization  and  appliances  for  secondary  instruction. 

8.  Organization,  methods,  and  appliances  for  higher  instruction. 

9.  Printing  and  books. 

10.  Stationery,  bookbinding,  and  articles  used  in  painting  and  drawing. 

11.  Ordinary  application  of  the  arts  of  drawing  and  modeling. 

12.  Photographic  proofs  and  apparatus. 

13.  Musical  instruments. 

14.  Medicine  and  surgery.  Veterinary  and  comparative  medicine. 

15.  Instruments  of  precision. 

16.  Geographical  and  cosmographical  maps  and  apparatus.  Topography. 

Group  III.— Furniture  and  Accessories. 

Class  17.  Cheap  and  fine  furniture. 

18.  Upholsterers’  and  decorators’  work. 

19.  Crystal,  glass,  and  stained-glass. 

20.  Ceramics. 

21.  Carpets,  tapestry,  and  other  fabrics  used  in  house-furnishing. 

22.  Decorated  papers. 

23.  Cutlery. 

24.  Goldsmiths’  and  silversmiths’  work. 

25.  Art  bronzes  and  castings.  Artistic  iron  work  and  repousse  metal  work. 

26.  Watches  and  clocks. 

27.  Apparatus  and  processes  for  heating.  Apparatus  and  processes  for 

lighting  otherwise  than  by  electricity. 

28.  Perfumery. 

29.  Leather  work.  Fancy  wooden  articles.  Baskets  and  brushes. 

258 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL  APPENDIX  J.  259 


Group  IV.— Textile  Fabrics.— Wearing  Apparel  and  Accessories. 

<Cl»ASS  30.  Cotton  thread  and  fabrics. 

31.  Thread  and  fabrics  of  hemp,  flax,  etc. 

32.  Threads  and  fabrics  of  combed  wool.  Threads  and  fabrics  of  carded  wool. 

33.  Silks  and  silk  fabrics. 

34.  Laces,  net,  embroidery,  and  trimmings. 

35.  Articles  of  hosiery  and  underclothing.  Accessories  of  wearing  apparel. 

36.  Wearing  apparel  of  both  sexes. 

37.  Jewelry  and  precious  stones. 

38.  Portable  weapons,  hunting. 

39.  Articles  of  traveling  and  camp  equipage. 

40.  Toys. 

Group  V. — Extractive  Arts. — Raw  and  Manufactured  Products. 

Class  41.  Products  of  mining  and  metallurgy. 

42.  Products  of  forest  growth  and  forest  industries. 

43.  Products  of  hunting.  Products  of  fisheries.  Apparatus  and  instruments 

for  fishing  and  for  gathering  fruits  of  natural  growth. 

44.  Agricultural  products  not  used  for  food. 

45.  Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products. 

46.  Chemical  methods  of  bleaching,  dyeing,  printing,  and  finishing. 

47.  Leather  and  skins. 

Group  VI.— Apparatus  and  Processes  of  Mechanical  Industries.— Elec¬ 
tricity. 

Class  48. — Apparatus  and  methods  of  working  mines  and  of  metallurgy. 

49.  Apparatus  and  methods  of  farming  and  forestry. 

50.  Apparatus  and  methods  used  in  agricultural  work  and  food  industries. ' 

51.  Apparatus  used  in  chemistry,  pharmacy,  and  tanning. 

52.  Machines  and  apparatus  of  general  mechanics. 

53.  Machine  tools. 

54.  Appliances  and  methods  of  spinning  and  rope-making. 

55.  Apparatus  and  methods  of  weaving. 

56.  Appliances  and  methods  of  sewing  and  making  articles  of  clothing. 

57.  Appliances  and  methods  of  manufacture  of  articles  for  furniture  and 

dwellings. 

58.  Appliances  and  methods  of  paper  manufacture,  coloring,  and  printing. 

59.  Machines,  instruments,  and  methods  used  in  various  occupations. 

60.  Carriage-making,  wheelwrights’  work,  harness-making,  and  saddlery. 

61.  Railroad  appliances. 

62.  Electricity. 

63.  Appliances  and  methods  of  civil  engineering,  of  public  works,  and  archi¬ 

tecture. 

64.  Hygiene  and  public  charities. 

65.  Navigation  and  life-saving. 

66.  Apparatus  and  methods  of  the  art  of  war. 

Group  VII.— Food  Products. 

Class  67.  Cereals.  Farinaceous  products  with  their  derivatives. 

68,  Products  of  the  bakery  and  pastry  shop. 

69.  Fat  substances  used  for  food,  milk  products,  and  eggs. 


260 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Group  VII.— Food  Products— Continued. 


Class  70.  Meats  and  fishes. 


71.  Vegetables  and  fruits. 

72.  Condiments  and  stimulants;  sugar,  and  products  of  confectionery. 

73.  Fermented  drinks. 


Group  VIII.— Agriculture,  Cultivation  of  the  Vine,  and  Fish  Culture. 


Class 


73  Bis.  Agronomy.  Agricultural  statistics. 

73  Ter.  Organization,  methods,  and  appliances  of  agricultural  instruction. 

74.  Specimens  of  farm  improvements  and  agricultural  works. 

75.  Vine  cultivation. 

76.  Useful  and  injurious  insects. 

77.  Fish,  Crustacea  and  mollusks. 


Group  IX.— Horticulture. 

Class  78.  Conservatories  and  horticultural  apparatus. 

79.  Flowers  and  ornamental  plants. 

80.  Vegetables. 

81.  Fruits  and  fruit  trees. 

82.  Seeds  and  saplings  of  forest  species. 

83.  Hothouse  plants. 


Social  Economy. 


Section  I. 

II. 

III. 

IV. 
V. 

VI. 

VII. 

VIII. 

IX. 

X. 

XI. 

XII. 

XIII. 

XIV. 
XV. 

XVI. 


Remuneration  of  Labor. 

Profit-sharing. 

Trade  Syndicates. 

Apprenticeship. 

Mutual  Aid  Societies. 

Superannuation  Funds  and  Annuities. 

Accident  and  Life  Insurance. 

Savings. 

Food  Co-operative  Associations. 

Credit  Co-operative  Associations. 

Workmen’s  Dwellings. 

Workmen’s  Clubs. 

Social  Hygiene. 

Institutions  Established  by  Employers  for  Benefit  of  Employes. 
Large  and  Small  Factories  and  Farms. 

Economic  Inter  option  of  the  State. 


APPENDIX  K. 


CLASSIFIED  CATALOGUE  OF  UNITED  STATES  EXHIBITORS. 


GROUP  1.— WORKS  OF  ART. 

Class  1. — Oil  Paintings. 

Allen,  Thomas,  born  at  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

1.  Cattle. 

Allen,  William  S.,  bom  at  New  York, 
N.  Y.  Masters:  Lefebvre,  Claude 
Monet,  Bouguereau. 

2.  Evening  by  the  Lake. 

Anderson,  A.  Archibald,  born  at  New 

York.  Masters:  Bonnat,  Cormon, 
and  Collin. 

3.  Portrait  of  the  Eight  Rev.  A.  C. 
Coxe,  bishop  of  western  New  York. 

Bacher,  Otto  H.,  born  at  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  Masters:  Boulanger,  Lefebvre, 
C.  F.  Duran. 

4.  Richfield  Center,  Ohio. 

Bacon,  Henry,  born  at  Boston,  Mass. 
Master:  Cabanel. 

5.  Astray. 

Baird,  William. 

6.  En  Famille. 

Barnard,  Edward  H.,  born  at  Belmont, 
Mass.  Masters:  Lefebvre,  Collin,  and 
Otto  Grundman. 

7.  Pastime  in  the  Middle  Age. 

Beaux,  Miss. 

8.  Portrait. 

Beckwith,  J.  Carroll,  born  at  Han¬ 
nibal,  Mo.  Master:  Carolus- Duran. 
Recompex.re:  Honorable  mention, 
Salon  of  ±887. 

9.  A  Lady  of  California. 

10.  Portrait  of  William  Walton. 

11.  Portrait  of  a  Child.  (Owner,  H.  W. 
Poor,  New  York.) 

Bell,  Edward  A.,  born  at  New  York, 
N.  Y.  Master:  Edw.  A.  Bell. 

12.  Portrait. 


Benson,  Frank  W. ,  born  at  Salem, Mass. 
Masters:  Jules  Lefebvre  and  Gus¬ 
tave  Boulanger.  « 

13.  In  Summer. 

Birney,  William  Verplanck,  born  at 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  Masters:  Julius 
Benzur  and  Wilhelm  Lindenschurst, 
of  Munich 

14.  Dolce  far  Niente,  representing  a 
Southern  colored  waiter  boy  taking 
his  ease  during  working  hours. 

15.  The  Labor  Question  in  the  South, 
representing  a  colored  boy  cleaning 
silverware1  on  a  terrace. 

Bisbing,  Henry  S.,  born  at  Philadel¬ 
phia,  Pa.  Master.  M.  F.  de  Vuille- 
froy. 

16.  The  Siesta  on  the  Beach. 
Blackstone,  Mrs.  Sadie,  born  at  Hali¬ 
fax,  Nova  Scotia.  Masters:  Sima- 
bildi  and  de  Montaland. 

17.  Senlisse,  Valley  of  Chevreuse. 
Blashfield,  Edwin  Howland,  born  at 

New  York,  N.  Y.  Master:  L6on  Bon¬ 
nat. 

18.  Inspiration.  (Owner,  Col.  H.  M. 
Boies.) 

19.  Portrait.  (Owner,  C.  E.  Wilbur.) 
Blum,  Robert  F.,  born  at  Cincinnati, 

Ohio.  Recompense:  Gold  medal, 
American  Art  Association. 

20.  Venetian  Lace  Workers. 

Boggs,  Frank  M.,  born  at  New  York, 

N.  Y.  Master:  M.  Gerome. 

21.  Saint-Germain  des  Pres.  (Owner, 
M.  Diot.) 

22.  View  of  Dordrecht.  (Owner,  M. 
Diot.) 

23.  Place  de  la  Bastille,  Paris.  (Owner, 
French  Government.) 


261 


262 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS, 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  1. 

Boyden,  Frederick  D.,  born  in  Boston, 
Mass.  Masters:  Boulanger  and  M. 
J.  Lefebvre. 

24.  Pastures  at  Cape  Ann,  Massachu¬ 
setts. 

Brandegee,  Robert  B.,  born  at  Berlin, 
Conn.  Master:  M.  Jacquesson  de  la 
Chevereuse. 

25.  Portrait. 

Breck,  John  L. 

26.  Autumn. 

27.  The  First  Born. 

Bricher,  Alfred  T.,  born  at  Ports¬ 
mouth,  N.  H. 

28.  On  the  Rockbound  Coast  of  Massa¬ 
chusetts. 

Bridgman,  Frederick  Arthur,  born  at 
Tuskagee,  Ala.  Master:  J.  L.  Ge¬ 
rome.  Med.  3d  class  1887,  2d  class 
1878  (E.  S.),  *  1878. 

29.  The  Pirate  of  Love. 

30.  Fete  of  the  Prophet  at  Oued-el- 
Kebir  (Blidah). 

31.  Negro  Fete  at  Blidah. 

32.  Horse  Market  at  Cairo. 

33.  Portrait  of  Mme.  B. 

34.  On  the  House-tops,  Algiers. 

Bristol,  John  Bunyan,  born  at  Hills¬ 
dale,  N.  Y.  Master:  Henry  Ary, 
Hudson,  N.  Y.  Recompense:  Medal, 
Centennial  Exposition  of  1876. 

35.  Haying  Time,  near  Middlebury,Vt. 

Brooks,  Maria,  born  in  England.  Stu¬ 
dent  of  South  Kensington  School  of 
Art,  and  Schools  of  the  Royal  Acad¬ 
emy,  London,  England.  Recom¬ 
penses:  2  gold,  1  silver,  3  bronze  med¬ 
als  ;  Crystal  Palace,  London,  1878; 
Dipl. ,  3d  order  of  Merit,  Melbourne, 
etc. 

36.  Ready  for  a  Bowl. 

Brown,  J.  G.,  born  in  Scotland. 

37.  The  Longshorema n’s  Noon. 
(Owner,  W.  T.  Evans.) 

38.  New  York  Street  Band. 

39.  Morning  Papers. 

Brown,  Charles  Francis,  born  at  Wal¬ 
tham,  Mass.  Masters:  Boulanger, 
Lefebvre,  Gerome. 

40.  Landscape. 

Butler,  Howard  Russell,  born  at  New 
York,  N.  Y.  Masters:  Dagnan-Bou- 
veret,  Roll,  Gervex,  Beckwith.  Re¬ 
compenses:  Honorable  Mention, 


Butler,  Howard  Russell— Continued^ 
Paris  Salon,  1886;  “  Temple”  Marine 
and  Landscape  Medal,  Philadelphia, 
1888. 

41.  Seaweed  Gatherers. 

42.  Low  Tide,  Saint  Ives,  Cornwall, 
England. 

43.  Rurales  Fording  the  Yantepec. 
Butler,  George  B.,  born  at  New  York, 

N.  Y. 

44.  Portrait  of  Mrs.  Stimson. 

45.  Tambourine  Players. 

Carr,  Lyell. 

46.  Good  Luck. 

Cauldwell,  Leslie  Giffen,  born  at 
New  York,  N.  Y.  Masters  :  Boulan¬ 
ger,  Lefebvre,  Carolus-Duran. 

47.  Portrait  of  my  fencing-master,  M. 
Rouge. 

Chapman,  Carlton  T. ,  born  at  New  Lon¬ 
don,  Ohio.  Student  at  National  Acad¬ 
emy  of  Design  and  Art  Students' 
League,  New  York. 

48.  Early  Morning  in  a  Harbor. 

Chase,  William  M. 

49.  A  City  Park. 

50.  Peace. 

51.  A  Bit  of  Long  Island. 

52.  Stoneyard. 

53.  Gowanus  Bay. 

54.  Portrait  of  Mother  and  Child. 

55.  Portrait  of  Mrs.  C. 

56.  Portrait  of  Miss  Gill. 

Coffin,  William  Anderson,  born  at 
Allegheny  City,  Pa.  Master  :  Leon 
Bonnat,  Recompense,  2d  Hallgarten 
Prize,  National  Academy  of  Design,. 
N.  Y.,  1886. 

57.  Moonlight  in  Harvest. 

58.  September. 

59.  Early  Moonrise. 

60.  After  the  Storm. 

Cole,  J.  Foxcroft,  born  at  Jay,  Me. 
Master :  Charles  Jacques.  Recom¬ 
pense,  Medal  Centennial  Exposition 
of  1876. 

61.  Abbajona  River,  Mass. 

Copeland,  Alfred  B. 

62.  Salle  Francois  Ier,  Cluny  Museum. 

63.  Study  of  Interior. 

Cox,  Kenyon,  born  at  Warren,  Ohio. 
Masters  :  J.  L.  Gerome  and  Carolus- 
Duran. 

64.  Painting  and  Poetry. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


263 


Cox,  Kenyon — Continued. 

65.  Jacob  wrestling  with  the  Angel. 

66.  Portrait  of  Augustus  Saint-Gaud- 
ens.  (Owner,  Ai  Saint-Gaudens.) 

67.  Flying  Shadows. 

Curtis,  Ralph. 

68.  View  at  Venice. 

Dana,  Wm.  P.  W.,  born  at  Boston,  Mass. 
Master  :  Eugene  Le  Poittevin,  Med. 
3d  cl.  1878,  Exp.Univ. 

69.  Christ  walking  on  the  Sea. 

70.  Hay  Barges  on  the  Thames. 

71.  Calm  Evening  on  the  Thames. 

72.  A  Good  Breeze,  moonlight  effect. 
Dannat,  William  T.  Master:  M.Mun- 

kacsy,  Medal,  3d  class,  1883. 

73.  A  Quartette. 

74.  A  Sacristy  in  Aragon. 

75.  Portrait  of  Miss  H. 

76.  Mariposa. 

77.  A  Study  in  Red. 

78.  Une  Saduceenne. 

Darling,  Wilder  M. ,  born  at  Sandusky, 
Ohio.  Masters  :  Cormon  and  H.  Mos- 
ler. 

79.  Grandma’s  First  Visit. 

Davis,  Charles  H.,  born  at  Amesbury, 
Mass.  Masters  :  Boulanger  and  Le- 
febvre. 

80.  A  Winter  Evening. 

81.  The  Valley.  (Evening.) 

82.  The  Hillside. 

83.  Evening  after  the  Storm. 
Delachaux,  Leon  D. 

84.  Portrait  of  Mile.  H. 

85.  Engaging  Servants  in  the  Olden 
Times. 

Denman  H.,  born  at  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Master :  Carolus-Duran.  Honorable 
Mention,  Paris  Salon,  1886. 

86.  Offering  to  Aphrodite.  (Owner, 
Mrs.  Wallace.) 

Dewing,  Thos.  W. .  born  at  Boston,  Mass. 
Masters  :  Lefebvre  and  Boulanger. 

87.  Lady  in  Yellow.  (Owner,  Mrs.  J. 
Gardner.) 

Dodge,  Wm.  L.,  born  in  Virginia.  Mas¬ 
ters  :  Gerome,  Collin,  Courtois. 

88.  David. 

Dodson,  Sarah,  P.  B. 

89.  Morning  Stars. 

90.  Meditation  of  the  Holy  Virgin. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  1. 
Dolph,  John  H.,  born  at  Fort  Ann, 
N.  Y.  Master  :  Louis  VanKuyck,  of 
Antwerp. 

91 .  The  Rat  retired  from  the  W orld . 
Donoho,  G.  Ruger,  born  at  Churchill, 

Miss.  Masters:  Boulanger,  Lefebvre, 
Bouguereau,  and  Fleury. 

92.  La  Marcellerie. 

93.  The  Edge  of  a  Forest. 

Dow,  Arthur  W. ,  born  at  Ipswich,  Mass. 
Masters  :  Boulanger,  Lefebvre,  Dou- 
cet  and  Paul  Delance. 

94.  At  Evening. 

Dyer,  Charles  Gifford. 

95.  On  the  Riva  ;  Venice. 

96.  San  Giorgio,  seen  from  the  Giu- 
decca ;  Venice. 

Eakins,  Thomas. 

97.  Portrait,  Professor  Geo.  H.  Barber. 

98.  The  Dancing  Lesson  . 

99.  The  Veteran  (portrait  of  Geo.  Rey¬ 
nolds). 

Eaton,  C.  Harry,  born  near  Akron, 
Ohio. 

100.  Landscape.  (Owner,W.  T.  Evans. ) 
Eaton, Wyatt,  born  in  Canada.  Master: 

Gerome.  . 

101.  Portrait  of  Miss  M.  G.  R.  (Owner, 
Mrs.  S.  Reed.) 

102.  Portrait  of  Mrs.  R.  W.  G. (Owner, 
R.  W.  Gilder.) 

103.  Portrait  of  Man  with  Violin. 
(Owner,  T.  Cole. ) 

104.  Ariadne.  (Owner, W.  T.  Evans). 
Farny,  Henry  F. ,  born  at  Cincinnati, 

Ohio. 

105.  Danger.  (Owner,  A.  Howard 
Hinkle.) 

Fisher,  Mark. 

106.  Winter  Fare. 

107.  A  Ford  ;  Valley  of  the  Teste. 
Forbes,  Charles  F. 

108.  Portrait  of  Mile  F.  F. 

109.  Portrait. 

Fowler,  Frank,  born  at  Brooklyn,  New 
York.  Masters:  Carolus-Duran  and 
Cabanel. 

110.  At  the  Piano. 

Freer,  Frederick  W.,  born  at  Chicago, 

Ill.  Student  at  Royal  Academy  of 
Fine  Arts,  Munich. 

111.  Nude  Study. 


264 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  1. 

Fuller,  Geo.,  born  1822,  died  1884. 

112.  The  Quadroon.  (Owner,  Mrs.  S. 
D.  Warren.) 

Gardner,  Miss  Elizabeth  Jane,  born 
at  Exeter,  N.  H.  Masters:  Bougue- 
reau  and  Lefebvre.  Medal,  3d  class, 
1886. 

113.  Too  Imprudent. 

114.  The  Farmer’s  Daughter. 

Gaul,  Gilbert,  born  at  Jersey  City, 
N.  J. 

115.  Charging  the  Battery.  (Owner, 
W.  T.  Evans.) 

116.  The  Wounded  Officer. 

Gay,  Edward,  born  in  Ireland.  Masters: 
Jas.  M.  Hart  and  Geo.  H.  Boughton. 
Recompense:  Prize  of  $2,000  Ameri¬ 
can  Art  Association,  New  York. 

117.  The  Old  Boundary  Line. 

Gay,  Walter,  born  at  Boston,  Mass. 
Master:  Bonnat.  Medal,  3d  class, 
1888. 

118.  Charity. 

119.  Le  Benedicite  (M.  I.  P.  &  B.  A.). 

120.  The  Weaver. 

121.  The  Spinners. 

122.  The  Bookworm. 

123.  A  Dominican. 

Gifford,  Robert  Swain,  born  at  Nau- 
shon  Island,  Mass.  Master:  Albert 
Van  Beest.  Recompenses:  Centen¬ 
nial  Medal  and  American  Art  Asso¬ 
ciation  Prize  of  $2,500. 

124.  Early  Summer.  (Owner,  Jerome 
B.  Wheeler. 

125.  Near  the  Coast.  (Owner,  New 
York  Metropolitan  Museum.) 

126.  A  Kansas  Ranch. 

Gill,  Miss  R.  Lorraine,  born  at  Balti¬ 
more,  Md.  Masters:  Wm.  M.  Chase 
and  Alfred  Stevens. 

127.  The  Orchid. 

Graves,  Abbott,  born  at  Weymouth, 
Mass.  Master:  M.  Cormon. 

128.  Peonies. 

129.  Basket  of  Flowers. 

Greatorex,  Miss  Eleanor  Elizabeth, 

born  at  New  York,  N.  Y.  Master: 
M.  Henner. 

130.  Tea  Roses. 

Gross,  Peter  Alfred,  born  at  Allen¬ 
town,  Pa.  Masters:  Yon  and  Petit- 
jean. 

131.  Road  to  the  Spring  (Li verdun). 

132.  View  of  the  Moselle  (Liverdun).  I 


Guise,  Marie,  born  at  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Master:  Schenck. 

133.  Haying- time  in  Ecouen,  France. 
Gutherz,  Carl,  born  in  Switzerland. 

Masters:  Boulanger,  Lefebvre. 

134.  Lux  incarnationis. 

135.  Memorialis. 

Haas,  Maurits  F.  H.  de,  born  at  Rotter¬ 
dam,  Holland.  Master:  Louis  Meyer. 
Recompenses:  Medal  Centennial  Ex¬ 
position  of  1876,  and  medals  from 
Boston,  Cincinnati,  etc. 

136.  On  the  Fishing  Ground. 
Hamilton,  E.  W.  D. 

137.  Sandy  Plains  at  Cape  Ann,  Mass. 
Hamilton,  Hamilton. 

138.  A  September  Day. 

Harrison,  Alexander,  born  at  Phila¬ 
delphia,  Pa.  Masters:  Bastien  Le¬ 
page  and  M.  Gerome. 

139.  Castles  in  the  Air.  (Owner,  J.  G. 
Johnson.) 

140.  The  Amateurs.  (Owner,  Chicago 
Art  Institute.) 

141.  Twilight.  (Owner,  St.  Louis  Mu¬ 
seum  of  Fine  Arts. ) 

142.  The  Wave. 

143.  In  Arcadia. 

144.  Evening. 

Harrison,  Birge,  born  at  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

145.  Novembre,  Property  of  French 
Government. 

Harrison,  Butler,  born  at  Philadel¬ 
phia,  Pa.  Master :  M.  L.  O.  Merson. 

146.  Landscape. 

Hart,  Jas.  M.,  born  at  Kilmarnock, 
Scotland.  Masters:  Wm.  Hart  and 
J.  W.  Shirm.  Recompense:  Centen¬ 
nial  medal,  1876. 

147.  The  Rain  is  Over. 

148.  In  the  Autumn  Woods. 

H assam,  Childe,  born  at  Boston,  Mass. 

149.  Twilight. 

150.  Rue  Lafayette;  winter  evening 

151.  After  Breakfast. 

152.  Letter  from  America. 

Hayden.  Charles  Henry,  born  at  Ply¬ 
mouth,  Mass.  Masters:  Boulanger, 
Lefebvre,  Collin. 

153.  Morning  on  the  Plains. 

Healy,  G.  P.  A.,  born  at  Boston,  Mass. 

Masters:  Gros  and  Couture.  Med. 
3d  cl. ,  Salon  1840, 2d  class  1855  (E.  U.). 

154.  Portrait  of  M.  C.  Bigot. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  265 


Healy,  G.  P.  A. — Continued. 

155.  Lord  Lytton. 

156.  King  of  Roumania. 

157.  Study  at  the  Harp. 

158.  Stanley. 

159.  Portrait  of  M.  Brownson. 

Hennessy,  William  J.,  born  in  Ire¬ 
land. 

160.  Shrimp  Fishers  in  Normandy. 

161.  Expiation  Pilgrimage,  Calvados. 

Henry,  Edward  L. ,  born  at  Charleston, 

S.  C.  Master:  Paul  Weber.  Recom¬ 
penses:  Medals,  New  Orleans  and 
Chicago. 

162.  One  Hundred  Years  Ago. 

168.  The  Latest  Village  Scandal. 

Hinckley,  Robert,  born  at  Boston, 
Mass.  Master:  Carolus-Duran. 

164.  Portrait  of  Mr.  Clifford  Richard¬ 
son. 

Hitchcock,  George,  born  at  Providence, 
R.  I.  Masters:  Boulanger,  Lefebvre, 
Mesdag. 

165.  Tulip  Culture.  (Owner,  W.  H. 
Tailor.) 

166.  Annonciation. 

167.  Maternity. 

Hovenden,  Thomas,  born  in  Ireland. 
Master:  Cabanel. 

168.  Last  Moments  of  John  Brown. 
John  Brown  leaving  the  jail  on  the 
morning  of  the  execution.  (Owner, 
Mr.  Robbins  Battell.) 

Howe,  William  H.,  born  at  Ravenna, 
Ohio.  Masters:  de  Thoven  and  de 
Vuillefroy.  Med.  3d  cl.,  1888. 

169.  At  Rest;  September  in  Normandy. 

170.  The  Return  of  the  Cows;  Evening 
in  Normandy. 

171.  Departure  for  the  Market;  Sou¬ 
venir  of  Holland. 

Howland,  Alfred  C., born  at  Walpole, 
N.  H.  Masters:  Flamm  of  Dussel- 
dorf,  and  Lambinet  of  Paris. 

172.  A  Day  in  June. 

Huntington,  Daniel,  born  at  New 

York,  N.  Y.  Masters:  S.  F.  B.  Morse 
and  G.  F.  Ferrero.  Recompense:  1st 
class  medal,  Centennial  Exposition, 
1876. 

173.  A  Burgomaster  of  New  Amster¬ 
dam  (New  Amsterdam  was  the  orig¬ 
inal  name  of  New  York). 

Hyde,  W.  H. 

174.  The  First  Romance. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  1. 
Inness,  George. 

175.  A  Short  Cut  to  Wachung  Station. 
(Owner,  American  Art  Association.) 

Irwin,  Benoni. 

176.  An  Art  Votary. 

Isham,  Samuel,  born  at  New  York,  N.  Y. 
Masters:  Jacquessen  de  la  Cheve* 
reuse,  Boulanger,  and  Lefebvre. 

177.  Study  for  a  Portrait. 

Johnson,  Eastman,  born  in  Maine. 

178.  Two  Men. 

Jones,  H.  Bolton. 

179.  The  Old  Pasture. 

Kavanagh,  John,  born,  at  Cleveland, 

Ohio.  Masters:  Loefftz,  Boulanger, 
Cormon. 

180.  Washerwomen. 

181.  Woman  of  Scheveningen. 

182.  Shepherd. 

Kellog,  Miss  Alice  D. ,  born  at  Chicago, 
Ill.  Masters:  Boulanger,  Lefebvre, 
Courtois. 

183.  Portrait  of  Miss  G.  E.  K. 

King,  Louise  Howland,  born  at  San 

Francisco,  Cal.  Student  of  Academy 
of  Design  and  A  rt  Students’  League. 

184.  The  Lotos  Eaters. 

Klumpke,  Miss  Anna  E.,  born  at  San 
Francisco,  Cal.  Masters:  T.  Robert- 
Fleury,  Bouguereau,  and  de  Vuille¬ 
froy. 

185.  Portrait. 

Klyn,  Charles  F.  de,  born  at  Tarry- 
town,  N.  Y.  Masters  :  J.  Lefebvre 
and  Cormon. 

186.  Women  Chatting. 

187.  A  Ray  of  Sunlight. 

Knight,  Daniel  Ridgway,  born  at  Phil¬ 
adelphia.  Masters:  Gleyre  and  Meis- 
sonier.  Hon.  Men.,  Paris,  ’82;  Med. 
3d  class,  Paris.  ’88;  Gold  med.  2d 
class,  Munich,  ’88. 

188.  Mourning. 

189.  Hailing  the  Ferryman. 

190.  The  Meeting. 

Koehler,  Robert,  born  at  Hamburg. 
Masters:  Defregger  and  Loefftz. 

191.  The  Strike. 

La  Chaise,  Eugene  A.,  born  at  New 
York,  N.  Y.  Masters:  G.  Boulanger 
and  Lefebvre. 

192.  Souvenirs  of  Japan. 

Lasar,  Charles,  born  at  Johnstown, 
Pa.  Master:  M.  Gerome. 

193.  On  the  Coast  of  Britany. 


266 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  1. 

Lash,  Lee,  born  at  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Masters:  Boulanger  and  M.  J.  Le- 
febvre. 

194.  The  Death-Watch. 

Lockwood,  Robert  W. ,  born  at  Wilton, 

Conn.  Masters:  Schenek  and  La¬ 
farge. 

195.  Portrait  of  M.  C. 

Loomis,  Eurilda  Q.  ,4born  at  Pittsburgh, 
Pa.  Masters:  Boulanger  and  Le- 
febvre. 

196.  Rustic  Life  in  Picardy. 

Loring,  Francis  William,  born  at  Bos¬ 
ton,  Mass. 

197.  Autumn  in  the  Valley  of  the  Arno. 
Lyman,  Joseph,  born  at  Ravenna,  Ohio. 

198.  On  the  Beach  (at  Perce,  Canada),  j 
McEntee,  Jervis,  bornatRondout,  N.Y. 

199.  Clouds. 

200.  A  Kaatskill  River  (Owner,  J.  C. 
Cornell). 

201.  Shadows  of  Autumn.  ( Owner,  W. 
P.  Eno.) 

MacEwen,  Walter,  born  at  Chicago, 
Ill. 

202.  Returning  from  Work. 

203.  A  Ghost  Story. 

204.  Stad  Herberg,  Nieuw  Amsterdam 
(New  York)  1650. 

Macy,  William  S.,  born  at  New  Bed¬ 
ford,  Mass. 

205.  The  Shore  of  Meacham  Lake. 
Mathews,  Arthur  F. ,  born  in  Califor¬ 
nia.  Masters:  Boulanger  and  Le- 
febvfe. 

206.  Pandore. 

Melchers,  J.  Gari,  born  at  Detroit, 
Mich.  Masters:  Boulanger  and  Le- 
febvre.  Med.  3d  cl.  1888. 

207.  Communion. 

208.  The  Sermon. 

.209.  The  Pilots. 

210.  Shepherdess. 

Meza,  Wilson  de,  born  at  Tarry  to  wn- 
on-the-Hudson ,  N .  Y.  Masters :  Bou¬ 
langer  and  Lefebvre. 

211.  Portrait  of  a  Lady. 

Millet,  F.  D.,  born  in  Massachusetts. 

212.  A  Handmaiden.  (Owner,  Geo.  T. 
Seney. ) 

213.  A  Difficult  Duet.  (Owner,  Mrs. 
Raymond.) 

Miller,  Charles  Henry,  born  at  New 
York,  N.  Y.  Student  at  National 


Miller,  Charles  Henry — Continued. 
Academy  of  Design  and  Royal  Acad¬ 
emy  of  Bavaria.  Recompenses:  Gold 
medals,  Boston,  New  Orleans,  and 
Philadelphia. 

214.  A  Bouquet  of  Oaks,  near  Jamaica, 
Long  Island,  N.  Y. 

Minor,  Robert  C. 

215.  Close  of  Day.  (Owner,  W.  T.  Ev¬ 
ans.) 

Moeller,  L. 

216.  A  Doubtful  Investment. 

Monks,  Robert  Hatton,  born  at  Bos¬ 
ton,  M?ss.  Masters:  Bouguereau  and 
T.  Robert-Fleury. 

217.  A  Grey  Day. 

Moore,  H.  Humphrey. 

218.  Japanese  Views. 

219.  Japanese  Views. 

220.  Japanese  Views. 

Moran,  Edward,  born  at  Bolton,  En¬ 
gland.  Masters:  James  Hamilton  and 
Paul  Weber.  Recompenses:  Medal, 
Palette  Club,  Centennial  Exposition, 
1876. 

221.  New  York  City  from  the  Channel. 
Mosler,  Henry,  born  at  New  York. 

Master:  M.  Hebert.  Med.  3d  cl.  1888. 

222.  The  Last  Sacraments.  (Owner, 
Louisville  Polytechnic  Association.) 

223.  Harvest  Festival.  (Owner,  Mrs. 
Haydock,  Cincinnati.) 

224.  The  Last  Moments. 

225.  The  Young  Bagpiper.  (Owner,  O. 
J.  Wilson,  (Cincinnati.) 

226.  New  Year’s  Morning.  (Owner, 
Phil  D.  Armour,  Chicago.) 

The  Return.  (To  be  seen  at  Luxem¬ 
bourg  Museum.) 

Nettleton,  Walter  E. 

227.  Winnowing;  Finistere. 

Newman,  Carl,  born  at  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

228.  Portrait  of  Mme.  X. 

Nicoll,  James  Craig,  born  at  New  York, 
N.  Y.  Master:  M.  F.  H.  de  Haas. 
Recompense :  First  class,  New  Or¬ 
leans  Exposition. 

229.  Sunlight  on  the  Sea. 

O’Halloran,  Miss  A. 

230.  Study. 

231.  Cottage  on  the  Dutch  Downs. 
Parker,  Stephen  Hills,  born  at  New 

York,  N.Y. 

232.  Father  Gaspard. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  267 


Parton,  Arthur,  born  at  Hudson,  N.  Y. 

233.  In  the  Month  of  May.  (Owner, 
W.  T.  Evans.) 

234.  Winter  on  the  Hudson.  (Owner, 
American  Art  Association.) 

Patrick,  J.  Douglas. 

235.  Brutality. 

Pearce,  Charles  Sprague,  born  at 
Boston,  Mass.  Master:  M.  Bonnat. 
Honorable  mention,  Salon  1881,  3d 
cl.  gold  med.  1883.  Gold  med.  2d. 
cl.  1888,  Munich  ;  grand  med.  of 
honor,  Ghent,  1888. 

236.  Shepherdess. 

237.  Evening. 

238.  Portrait  of  Mme.  P. 

239.  Melancholy. 

Pearce,  Louise  Catherine,  born  at 
Paris,  France.  Master:  Charles 
Sprague  Pearce. 

240.  Japanese  Knickknacks. 

Perry,  Jr.,  E.  Wood,  born  at  Boston, 

Mass.  Master:  T.  Couture. 

241.  Mother  and  Child. 

Peters,  Clinton,  born  at  Baltimore, 
Md.  Masters:  Boulanger,  Lefebvre, 
Gerome,  Collin. 

242.  Portrait  of  Dr.  G.  J.  B. 

Plumb,  Henry  G.,  born  at  Sherburne, 

N.  Y.  Master:  Gerome. 

243.  The  Orphans. 

Porter,  Benjamin  Curtis,  born  at  Mel¬ 
rose,  Mass. 

244.  Portrait  of  a  Lady.  (Owner,  Mrs. 
Charles  Berryman.) 

Potthast,  Edward,  born  at  Cinncinnati, 
Ohio.  Master:  M.  Corrnon. 

245.  Study:  A  Young  Brittany  Girl. 
Reid,  Robert. 

246.  Study. 

Reinhart,  Charles  Stanley,  bom  at 
Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

247.  Washed  Ashore. 

248.  Awaiting  the  Absent. 

249.  Rising  Tide. 

250.  An  Old  Woman. 

251.  The  Sea. 

252.  Fog  Effect. 

Remington,  Frederick,  born  at  Canton,  I 
N.Y. 

253.  A  Lull  in  the  Fight.  Descriptive  i 
of  an  affair  on  the  Staked  Plain  | 
(Texas),  in  1861,  as  told  by  a  Com-  I 
anche  k‘  brave  ”  who  participated.  | 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  1. 
Renouf,  A.  Vincent,  born  at  New  York. 
N.  Y.  Masters:  Max  Thedy  and 
Frillhof  Smith. 

254.  Portrait. 

Rice,  William,  M.  J. ,  born  at  Brooklyn, 
N.Y.  Masters:  Carolus-Duran  and 
J.  Carroll  Beckwith. 

255.  Portrait. 

Richards,  Samuel,  born  at  Spencer, 
Owen  County,  Indiana  .  Masters: 
Strsehuber,  Benczur,  Gysis,  Loefftyz. 

256.  Evangeline. 

Richards,  William  T.,  born  at  Phila¬ 
delphia,  Pa. 

257.  After  a  Storm. 

Robbins,  Horace  W. ,  born  at  Mobile, 
Ala.  Master:  James  M.  Hart. 

258.  A  Mountain  Road. 

Robinson,  Theodore. 

259.  The  Bread  Carrier. 

260.  The  Forge. 

Ryder,  Platt  P. ,  born  at  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.  Master:  Leon  Bonnat. 

261.  A  Game  at  Marbles.  (Owner, 
W.  T.  Evans.) 

Sargent,  John  S.,  born  at  Florence, 
Italy.  Master:  M.  Carolus-Duran, 
2d  med.  Salon,  Paris. 

262.  Portrait  of  the  Misses  B. 

263.  Portrait  of  Mrs.  W. 

264.  Portrait  of  the  Misses  V. 

265.  Portrait  of  Mrs.  R. 

266.  Portrait  of  Mrs.  S. 

267.  Portrait  of  Mrs.  K. 

Sawyer,  R.  D.,  born  at  Watertown,  N. 
Y.  Masters:  Boulanger  and  Lefebvre. 

268.  A  Normandy  Idyl. 

Sherwood,  Rosina  Emmet,  born  at  New 

York,  N.  Y.  Master:  Wm.  M.  Chase. 

269.  Portrait.  (Owner,  J.  N.  A.  Gris¬ 
wold.) 

Shirl aw, Walter,  born  in  Scotland. 

270.  Rufina. 

Simmons,  Edward  Emerson,  born  at 
Concord,  Mass.  Masters:  Boulanger 
and  M.  J.  Lefebvre. 

271.  The  Farmer. 

272.  Night. 

273.  Study. 

Smith,  de  Cost,  born  at  Skaneateles, 
N.  Y.  Masters:  Boulanger,  Lefebvre, 
Beckwith,  etc. 

274.  Conflicting  Faiths,  representing 
an  Iroquois  holding  a  Shamanic 


268 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  1. 

Smith,  de  Cost — Continued. 

mask,  symbolizing  paganism,  and  a 
priest  with  a  rosary,  symbolizing 
Christianity  during  the  period  of  the 
French  Jesuit  missions  among  the 
Iroquois  in  Canada  in  the  eighteenth 
century. 

Sonnt ag,  William  L.,  born  at  Cincin¬ 
nati,  O. 

275.  A  Mountain  Stream  from  the  Foot 
of  Mt.  Carter,  N.H. 

Stewart,  Julius  L.,  born  at  Philadel¬ 
phia,  Pa.  Masters:  Zamacois,  Ge- 
rome,  and  R.  de  Madrazo. 

276.  A  Court  at  Cairo. 

277.  The  Seine  at  Bougival. 

278.  A  Hunt  Ball. 

279.  A  Hunt  Supper. 

280.  Portrait  of  the  Baroness  B.  M. 

281.  Portrait  of  the  Baroness  de  B. 

Stokes,  Frank  Wilbert,  born  at  Nash¬ 
ville,  Tenn.  Masters:  Boulanger, 
Gerdme,  and  J.  Lefebvre. 

282.  The  Orphans. 

288.  A  Good  Sermon. 

Story,  Julian  Russell,  born  at  Wal- 
ton-on-Thames,  England. 

284.  The  Black  Prince  finding  the  Dead 
Body  of  the  King  of  Bohemia,  after 
the  battle  of  Crecy  (1846). 

285.  Portrait;  reign  Louis  XVI. 

286.  Portrait  of  my  Father. 

Strickland,  Charles  Hobart,  born  at 

New  York,  N.  Y.  Masters:  Bou- 
guereau  and  Fleury. 

287.  Portrait  of  Miss  X. 

Tarbell,  Edmund  C.,  born  at  West  Gro¬ 
ton,  Mass.  Masters  :  Boulanger  and 
Lefebvre.  Recompense:  Silver  Medal, 
Boston,  Mass.,  1887. 

288.  Portrait  of  Mine  T.  (Owner,  Mme. 
T.) 

Thayer,  Abbott  Henderson,  born  at 
Boston,  Mass.  Master  :  Gerdme. 

289.  Winged  Figure.  (Owner,  A.  A. 
Carey,  Boston.) 

Theriat,  Charles,  born  at  New  York, 
N.  Y.  Masters  :  Boulanger  and  Le¬ 
febvre. 

290.  Souvenir  of  Biskra. 

Thompson,  Wordsworth,  born  at  Balti¬ 
more,  Md.  Master:  M.  Charles 
Gleyre. 

291.  A  New  England  Farm  House. 


Throop,  Frances  Hunt,  born  at  New 
York,  N.  Y.  Masters :  J.  Carroll 
Beckwith  and  Alfred  Stevens. 

292.  Portrait  of  Miss  C. 

Tiffany,  Louis  C.,  born  at  New  York, 
N.  Y. 

298.  Carrying  the  Boat  at  Seabright. 
Tompkins, Frank  H.  ,born  at  Hector, N.  Y. 

294.  Memories. 

Tracy,  John  M. 

295.  Chesapeake  Bay  Dog  retrieving  a 
Wounded  Goose. 

Truesdell,  G.  S. 

296.  The  Shepherd  and  his  Flock. 
Turner,  Charles  Y. ,  born  at  Baltimore, 

Md.  Masters :  J.  P.  Laurens,  M. 
Munckacsy,  Leon  Bonnat. 

297.  The  Days  that  are  No  More. 
Tyler,  James  G.,  born  at  Oswego,  N.Y. 

Master:  A.  Cary  Smith. 

298.  Off  Cape  Ann. 

Ulrich,  Charles  F. 

299.  In  the  Land  of  Promise.  (Owner, 
W.  T.  Evans.) 

Vail,  Eugene  L.,  born  at  St.  Malo, 
France.  Masters  :  Cabanel,  Collin, 
Dagnan-Bouveret.  Med.  8d  cl.  1888. 

300.  Ready  About. 

301.  Fishing  Harbor. 

302.  The  Widow. 

303.  On  the  Thames. 

Van  Boskerck,  Robert  W.,  bom  in 
New  Jersey.  Masters  :  A.  H.  Wyant, 
R.  S.  Gifford. 

304.  A  Rhode  Island  River. 

Vedder,  Elihu,  born  at  New  York,  N.Y. 

305.  The  Fates  Gathering  in  the  Stars. 

306.  The  Last  Man. 

307.  The  Death  Cup. 

308.  Love  Always  Present. 

Volk,  Douglas. 

309.  The  Puritan  Captives. 

310.  After  the  Reception. 

Vonnoh,  Rob’t  William,  born  at  Hart¬ 
ford,  Conn.  Masters  :  Boulanger  and 
Lefebvre.  Gold  medal  for  portraits 
at  Mechanics’  Institute,  Mass. 

311.  Studio  Comrade. 

312.  Reverie. 

Walden,  Lionel,  born  at  Norwich, 
Conn.  Master:  Carolus-Duran. 

313.  The  Steamer  Shah  coming  down 
the  Thames. 

314.  Fog  on  the  Thames. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


269 


Walker,  Horatio. 

315.  A  Stye. 

Ward,  Edgar  M.,  born  in  Ohio. 

316.  The  Tack  Workers. 

317.  The  Rest. 

Webb,  J.  Louis,  born  in  Washington, 
D.  C.  Master:  W.M.  Chase. 

318.  A  Studio  Corner. 

Weeks,  E.  L.,  born  at  Boston,  Mass. 
Master:  M.  Bonnat. 

319.  The  Last  Journey ;  Souvenir  of  the 
Ganges. 

320.  Hindoo  Marriage  Procession ; 
Ahmedabad. 

321.  The  Rajah  of  Jodhpare. 

322.  Sacred  Lake;  Study. 

323.  The  Mosque  of  Yazin  Khan,  La¬ 
hore;  Study. 

Weir,  J.  Alden,  born  at  West  Point, 
N. Y.  Master:  G.  L.  Gerome.  Recom¬ 
pense:  Honorable  Mention,  Paris 
Salon  ’82. 

324.  Preparing  for  Christmas. 

325.  Lengthening  Shadows.  (Owner, 
W.  T.  Evans.) 

326.  Portrait  of  Artist’s  Child. 
Whiteman,  Samuel  Edwin,  born  at 

Philadelphia,  Penn.  Masters:  Bou¬ 
langer  and  M.  J.  Lefebvre. 

327.  Moonrise. 

Whittredge,  Worthington,  born  in 
Ohio.  Recompense:  1st  class  Medal, 
Centennial  Exposition,  1876. 

328.  The  Old  Road  to  the  Sea.  (Own¬ 
ers,  Messrs.  Pettus  and  Curtis.) 

329.  A  Brook  in  the  Woods. 
Wickenden,  Robert  John,  born  at 

Rochester,  England.  Masters:  Car- 
roll  Beckwith,  Chase,  Hebert,  and 
Merson. 

330.  Noon. 

Wight,  Moses,  born  at  Boston,  Mass. 
Masters:  Hebert  and  Bonnat. 

331.  Portrait  of  Mrs.  W. 

Wiles,  Irving  R.,  born  at  Utica,  N.  Y. 
Master:  Carolus-Duran. 

332.  Portrait  of  a  Lady. 

Witt,  J.H. 

333.  Planning  an  Apple  Cutting. 
Wood,  Ogden,  born  at  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Masters:  School  of  Fine  Arts  and  M. 
Van  Marcke. 

334.  Pasture  at  the  Sea-Side. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  2. 
Wood,  Thomas  Waterman,  born  at 
Montpelier,  Vt. 

335.  The  Difficult  Text.  (Owner,  T.  N. 
Vail.) 

Wyant,  Alexander  H.,  born  in  Ohio. 
Master:  Gude. 

336.  Landscape.  (Owner,  C.  H.  de 
Silver.) 

Class  2.— Paintings  of  different 
kinds,  and  Drawings. 

Abbey,  Edward  A.,  born  in  Philadel¬ 
phia,  Pa. 

337-342.  A  Love  Song.  (Six  pieces.) 
343.  Why  can’st  thou  not  as  others  do  ? 
344, 345.  With  Jockey  to  the  Fair.  (Two 
pieces.) 

346,  347.  Harvest  Home.  (Two  pieces.) 
348,349.  Phillada.  (Two  pieces.) 
350,351.  Sally  in  our  Alley.  (Two 
pieces.) 

352.  Never  loved  thee  more. 
Blashfield,  Edwin  Howland,  born  at 

New  York,  N.  Y.  Master:  Leon 
Bonnat. 

353.  Chivalry.  (Owner,  Century  Co,) 

354.  The  Gladiators.  (Owner,  Century 
Co.) 

355.  The  Vigil  at  Arms.  (Owner, 
Scribner’s  Magazine.) 

356.  The  Angels  in  the  Miracle  Play. 
(Owner,  Scribner’s  Magazine.) 

Blum,  Robert  F. ,  born  at  Cincinnati, 
Ohio.  Recompense:  Gold  medal, 
American  Art  Association. 

357.  The  Modern  Etcher. 

358.  The  Ballet  Girls. 

359.  Table  d’Hote. 

360.  Part  of  an  Old  Story.  (Owner,  The 
Century  Co.) 

Cox,  Kenyon,  born  at  Warren,  Ohio. 
Masters:  J.  L.  Gerome  and  Carolus- 
Duran. 

361.  Bust  of  J.  A.  WTeir. 

362.  Portrait  Bust. 

363.  Follower  of  St.  Joseph. 

364.  Reading  in  the  Chapter  Room. 

365.  In  the  Smithy. 

366.  At  Work. 

Coxe,  Reginald  Cleveland,  born  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  Master:  Leon  Bon¬ 
nat. 

367.  Gloucester  Harbor. 


270 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


t  Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  2. 

Coxe,  Reginald  Cleveland— Confd. 

368.  Passing  Squall. 

369.  Return  of  the  Feet. 

370.  In  the  Narrows. 

Drake,  William  H.,  born  at  New  York, 
N.Y.  Student  at  Art  Students’ 
League,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

371.  Rippling  Waters,  representing  a 
forest  stream. 

372.  Excursion  Party.  (Owner,  Cen¬ 
tury  Co.) 

373.  The  Two  Friends.  (Owner,  Cen¬ 
tury  Co.) 

374.  A  Fishing  Party.  (Owner,  Cen¬ 
tury  Co.) 

375.  Washington’s  Escape.  (Owner, 
Century  Co.) 

Farrer,  Henry. 

376.  Moonrise. 

Foote,  Mary  Hallock,  born  at  Orange 
County,  N.Y. 

377.  Cinching  up.  (Owner,  Century 
Co.) 

378.  Looking  for  Camp.  (Owner,  Cen¬ 
tury  Co.) 

Gibson,  M.  Hamilton. 

379.  Afternoon  Pastorale. 

380.  An  Upland  Runnell. 

381.  My  Backyard  Oasis. 

382.  An  Evening  Primrose. 

383.  The  Penitent. 

Greatorex,  Miss  Eliza,  born  in  Ireland. 

384.  St.  Malo;  Crypt  at  Mount  St. 
Michael;  Marano,  Florence. 

Greatorex,  Miss  Kathleen  H. ,  born  at 
New  York,  N.  Y.  Master:  J.  J.  Hen- 
ner. 

385.  “  Gorgeous  flowerets  in  the  sun¬ 
light  shining  ”  (Longfellow). 

Haskell,  Ida  C.,  born  in  California. 
Masters:  Boulanger  and  M.  Courtois. 

386.  Portrait  of  Mrs.  H. 

Homer,  Winslow,  born  at  Boston,  Mass. 

387.  Looking  over  the  Cliff.  (Owner, 
Mrs.  Schuyler  van  Rensselaer,  New 
York.) 

Inness,  Geo.,  Jr. 

388.  My  Studio. 

389.  Tally-ho. 

390.  On  the  Trail. 

Klumpke,  Miss  Anna  E.,  born  at  San 
Francisco,  Cal.  Masters:  T.  Robert- 
Fleury,  Bouguereau,  and  de  Vuille- 
froy. 

391.  Marguerite  at  the  Wheel. 


Low,  William  H. 

392.  Ode  and  Sonnets. 

393.  Ode  to  Melancholy. 

394.  Ode  to  Psyche. 

395.  Ode  on  a  Grecian  Urn. 

396.  Bards. 

397.  Shut  from  the  Busy  World  of 
more  incredulous. 

398.  The  Guarded  Nymph. 

399.  Into  the  Green  Recess  of  Wood. 

400.  By  a  Clear  Pool. 

401.  She  bathes  unseen. 

402.  The  Flight  of  Lamia. 

403.  Last  Sonnet  of  Keats. 

Moran,  Thomas,  born  at  Bolton,  Eng¬ 
land.  Master:  Jas.  Hamilton.  Re¬ 
compense,  Medal  1st  cl. ,  Centennial 
Exposition,  1876. 

404.  Mount  of  the  Holy  Cross. 

Nicoll,  James  Craig,  born  at  New 

York,  N.  Y.  Master:  M.  F.  H.  de 
Haas.  Recompenses,  First  class, 
New  Orleans  Exposition,  etc. 

405.  Night. 

Pennell,  Joseph. 

406.  Christ  Church  Gateway,  Canter¬ 
bury. 

407.  Exchequer  Gate,  Lincoln  Cathe¬ 
dral. 

408.  Lincoln  Cathedral. 

Platt,  C.  A. 

409.  Quai  at  Honfleur. 

Redwood,  A.  C. 

410.  Line  of  Battle  at  Malvern  Hill. 

411.  Washington  Artillery. 

Reinhart,  Chas.  S.,  born  at  Pittsburgh, 

Pa.  Honorable  Mention  1887.  Tem¬ 
ple  Gold  Medal  1888. 

412.  Flirtation. 

413.  Shepherd. 

414.  They  look  rich. 

415.  The  Painter  absorbed  in  his  Art. 

416.  Asleep. 

417.  The  Old  Fisherman. 

418.  The  Spy-Glass. 

419.  Shrimp-Fisher. 

420.  The  Englishman. 

421.  Three  Old  Ladies. 

422.  Strapping  my  Yalise. 

423.  Headwaiter. 

424.  The  Gust  of  Wind. 

425.  Portrait  of  Charles  Dudley 
Warner. 

426.  At  Fortress  Monroe. 

427.  Man  and  Dog. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


271 


Reinhart,  Chas.  S. — Continued . 

428.  What  sort  of  Weather? 

429.  Electric  Shock. 

480.  A  Kissing-Gate. 

431.  The  Five  o’clock  Tea. 

432.  The  Reichstag.  (Group  of 
Sketches.) 

Remington,  Frederick,  born  at  Canton, 
N.Y. 

433.  An  Episode,  Opening  up  a  Cattle 
Country. 

434.  A  Deep  Ford. 

435.  Cutting  out  a  Steer. 

436.  Broncos  and  Timber  Wolves. 

Richards,  William  T.,  lorn  at  Phila¬ 
delphia,  Pa. 

437.  Headlands,  Narragansett  Bay. 
Rolshoven,  Julius. 

438.  Water-Carrier;  Venice. 

439.  Portrait  of  Miss  R. 

440.  A  Good  Cigarette. 

Sherwood,  Rosina  Emmet,  born  at  New 

York,  N.Y.  Master:  Win  .M.  Chase. 

441.  September. 

442.  Phyllis. 

Smith,  F.  Hopkinson. 

443.  Near  Neighbors  at  Ulm. 

444.  A  Dutch  Canal. 

Stewart,  Julius  L.,  born  at  Philadel¬ 
phia,  Pa.  Masters:  Zamacois,  Ge- 
rome,  and  R.  de  Madrazo. 

445.  Portrait  of  Mrs.  B. 

446.  Portrait  of  Miss  S. 

Wickenden,  Robert  John,  born  at 

Rochester,  England.  Masters:  Car- 
roll  Beckwith,  Chase,  Hebert,  and 
Merson. 

447.  Cotes  Fleuries  (Isle  of  Jersey.) 
Weir,  J.  Alden,  born  at  West  Point, 

N.  Y.  Master:  G.  L.  Gerome.  Rec¬ 
ompense,  Honorable  Mention,  Paris 
Salon  1882. 

448.  Consolation. 

449.  Still  Life.  (Owner,  H.  C.  How¬ 
ells.) 

Whittemore,  William  J.,born  at  New 
York,  N.Y. 

450.  October. 

Wiles,  Irving  R.,  born  at  Utica,  N.Y. 
Master:  Carolus-Duran. 

451.  Sewing  Class. 

452.  Modeling  Class. 

453.  Negative  Retouching  Class. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  3. 

Class  3. — Sculpture  and  Engravings 
on  Medals. 

Adams  S.  Herbert,  born  at  West  Con¬ 
cord,  Vt.  Master:  M.  A.  Mercie. 
Recompense:  Honorable  Mention, 
Salon,  1888. 

454.  Young  girl;  bust,  plaster. 
Bartlett,  P.  W.,  born  at  New  Haven, 

Conn.  Masters:  Fremiet,  Cavelier, 
Gaudez.  Recompense:  Honorable 
Mention,  Salon,  1887. 

455.  Bohemian;  Bronze. 

French,  Daniel  C. 

456.  Bronze  Bust  of  Ralph  Waldo 
Emerson. 

Held,  Charles,  born  in  the  Canton  of 
Geneva, Switzerland.  Master:  Charles 
Held. 

457.  In  Glass  Case: 

President  Carnot;  Actrice ;  Egyptian 
Woman;  Landscape  in  Auvergne; 
Hunting  Dogs  ;  Renaissance  Flow¬ 
ers. 

Kitson,  H.  H.,  born  at  Huddersfield. 
Master:  Bonnassieux. 

458.  Mayor  Doyle;  statue,  plaster. 

459.  Miss  R. ;  bust,  marble. 

Mac  Monnies,  Frederick,  born  at 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  Masters:  Saint- 
Gaudens,  Falguiere,  and  Mercie. 

460.  Medallions;  plaster. 

Ruggles,  Miss  Theo.  A.,  born  at  Brook¬ 
line,  Mass. 

461.  Bust  of  a  Child;  bronze. 

462.  On  the  Shore  of  the  Oise  ;  plaster. 
Story,  Waldo,  born  at  Paris,  France. 

463.  The  Fallen  Angel;  group,  marble. 
Story,  Wm.  W.,  born  at  Salem,  Mass. 

464.  Salome;  marble  statue. 

Warner,  Olin  L. ,  born  at  Suffield,  Conn. 

Master:  Jouffroy. 

465.  Bronze  Bust  of  J.  Alden  Weir. 

466.  Small  Bronze  Bust  of  Mr.  Daniel 
Cottier. 

467.  Marble  Bust  of  Baby  Rosalie 
Warner. 

468.  Three  bronze  medallion  portraits. 
Wuertz,  Emile,  born  at  New  York, 

N.  Y.  Masters:  A.  Mercie  and  A. 
Rodin. 

469.  Medallion;  plaster. 


272 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  4. 

Class  4. — Architectural  Drawings  I 
and  Models. 

McKim,  Mead  &  White,  57  Broadway, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

470.  Perspective  of  Bates  Hall  (read¬ 
ing-room),  New  Public  Library,  Bos¬ 
ton,  Mass. 

Class  5.— Engravings  and  Litho¬ 
graphs. 

AMERICAN  SCHOOL  OF  WOOD  ENGRAVING. 
COLLECTIVE  EXHIBIT. 

Aikman,  W.  M.,  New  York. 

471.  Sheep. 

472.  Landscape,  by  Parsons. 
Bernstrom,  Victor,  New  York. 

473.  PortNeuf. 

474.  The  Spoils. 

475.  The  Dead  Matador. 

476.  The  Otter  Hunt. 

477.  Music  Party. 

478.  Retribution. 

479.  The  Mystery  of  Life. 

Closson,  W.  B.,  Boston,  Mass. 

480.  Golden  Rod. 

481.  Paolo  and  Francesca. 

482.  Study  of  Head,  by  Fuller. 

483.  Subject  by  Mary  Hallock  Foote. 

484.  Still  Life,  by  L.  Bouvier. 

485.  The  Listeners. 

486.  The  Quadroon  Girl. 

Cole,  T.,  New  York. 

487.  Angel  from  the  Morgan  Tomb. 

488.  The  Entombment. 

Davidson,  H.,  New  York. 

489.  Aus  der  Ohe. 

490.  An  Afternoon  at  the  Ranch. 

491.  Canterbury  Cathedral. 

492.  Israel. 

Davis,  John  P.,  New  York. 

493.  A  Point  in  Lake  Placide. 

494.  How  Sol  came  Through. 

495.  Joe  Jefferson  as  Bob  Acres. 

496.  Among  the  Old  Poets. 

497.  The  Cobblers. 

French,  Frank,  New  York. 

498.  A  Negress  of  Algiers. 

499.  Under  the  Misletoe. 

500.  A  Christmas  Vigil. 

501.  An  English  Deer  Park. 

502.  An  Algerine. 

503.  Lacing  the  Sandal. 

504.  Landscape. 

505.  In.  the  Enemy’s  Country. 


Johnson,  T.,  New  York. 

506.  Portrait  of  a  Child. 

507.  Alphonse  Daudet. 

508.  Head  of  a  Man,  by  Rembrandt. 

509.  Lord  Alfred  Tennyson. 

510.  ^Esop,  by  Velasquez. 

511.  Pasteur  and  Granddaughter. 
King,  F.  S. 

512.  Knowledge  is  Power. 

513.  A  Difference. 

514.  The  Sybil. 

Kingsley,  Elbridge,  New  York. 

515.  Birch  Trees. 

516.  Landscape,  Diaz. 

517.  Midsummer,  Daubigny. 

518.  Morning. 

519.  The  Flying  Dutchman. 

Kruell,  G.,  New  York. 

520.  A  Russian  Jew. 

521.  A  Russian  Peasant. 

522.  Coaxing  the  Chief. 

523.  A  Soul  Drama. 

524.  Darwin. 

525.  Lincoln. 

526.  Rent  Day. 

527.  A  Portrait. 

Lindsy.  Albert  M. ,  Philadelphia. 

528.  Neighbors  on  the  Terrace. 

529.  Presentation  of  a  Circus  to  a  Span¬ 
ish  Town. 

530.  Discovery  of  Gold  in  Australia. 
Muller,  R.,  New  York. 

531.  Adoration  of  the  Magi. 

532.  St.  Vincent  de  Paul. 

533.  Chantilly,  La  Vierge  d’Orleans. 

534.  Jesus  Christ  at  the  Last  Supper. 

535.  I’m  Perfectly  Happy. 

Powell,  Caroline  A.,  New  York. 

536.  The  Three  Maries. 

537.  Lady  and  Horse. 

538.  London  Underground  Railway 
Station . 

539.  A  Follower  of  St.  Joseph. 

540.  A  Russian  Post-Station. 

541.  La  Rose. 

Putnam,  S.  G.,  New  York. 

542.  Identity. 

543.  A  Waterfall  by  Moonlight. 

544.  A  Sheep  Pasture. 

545.  Buccaneers  seizing  a  Ship. 

546.  Three  Children. 

Smithwech,  J.  G.,New  York. 

547.  Winter. 

548.  A  Goat  Pasture. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  273 


Standenbaur,  R.,  New  York. 

549.  General  Grant. 

550.  General  Lew  Wallace. 

551.  Chauncey  M.  Depew. 

552.  Dr.  Taylor. 

Tinkey,  J.,  New  York. 

553.  Exchanging  Confidences. 

554.  In  the  New  Forest. 

555.  The  Beaver  Dam. 

556.  Sleeping  Poppies. 

557.  Springhaven. 

Varley,  Robert,  New  York. 

558.  The  Bells  of  St.  Anne. 

559.  The  Rehearsal. 

560.  The  Burial  Ground. 
Wellington,  F.,  New  York. 

561.  A  Day  in  June. 

562.  Capture  of  Grenada. 

563.  Amelie  Rives. 

564.  A  May-Day  Idyl. 

565.  Pinks,  L.  Bouvier. 

566.  Still  Life,  L.  Bouvier. 

567.  Miles  Standish’s  Challenge. 
Wolf,  Henry,  New  York. 

568.  David. 

569.  Owl  Catching  a  Mouse. 

570.  Wood  Interior. 

571.  The  Roadside. 

572.  A  New  England  Peddler. 

GROUP  2 _ EDUCATION  AND  INSTRUCTION- 

APPARATUS  AND  PROCESSES  USED  IN  THE 
LIBERAL  ARTS. 

Class  6. — Education  of  Young  Chil¬ 
dren.  —  Primary  Instruction.  —  In¬ 
struction  of  Adults. 

Abington  Public  Library,  Abington, 
Mass. 

One  catalogue  and  eleven  supplements. 
Reports  from  1884  to  1888  inclusive. 
Academy,  (The)  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Reports  and  catalogues. 
Administration  Blanks  and  Forms. 
Collective  exhibit  from  the  States  of 
Alabama,  California,  Florida,  Illi¬ 
nois,  Iowa,  Kansas,  Louisiana,  Min¬ 
nesota,  Missouri,  Oregon,  South  Car¬ 
olina,  West  Virginia,  and  Wisconsin; 
and  from  the  towns  of  Auburn,  N. 
Y. ;  Chambersburgh,  Pa. ;  Dubuque, 
Iowa;  Evansville,  Ind.;  Haverhill, 
Mass.;  Memphis,  Tenn.;  New  Bed¬ 
ford,  Mass.;  Newport, Ky. ;  Omaha, 
Neb.;  Sandusky,  Ohio;  Somerville, 
Taunton,  and  Woburn,  Mass. 

H.  Ex.  410 - 18 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  6. 

American  Asylum  for  the  Educa¬ 
tion  of  the  Deaf  and  Dumb, 
Hartford,  Conn.,  Job  Williams,  prin¬ 
cipal. 

Copies  of  71st  and  72d  annual  reports. 

Bacon,  G.  A.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Academy. 

Baltimore  (Md.)  Public  Schools, 
Henry  A.  Wise,  superintendent. 

Six  volumes  of  reports  of  the  superin¬ 
tendent  of  public  schools.  Three 
volumes  of  rules  for  school  commis¬ 
sioners.  The  public  school  directory. 
Blanks  used  in  the  administration  of 
the  school. 

Bangor  Library,  Bangor,  Me.,  Daniel 
Holman,  librarian. 

Librarian’s  report,  catalogue,  rules  and 
regulations,  and  blanks  of  adminis¬ 
tration. 

Bardeen,  C.  W. ,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  (686.) 

Volumes  of  The  Schoolroom,  The 
School  Bulletin,  and  The  New  Edu¬ 
cation;  text-books,  memory  cards, 
and  cube-root  blocks.  (349.) 

Barnes,  A.  S.&  Co.,  Ill  William  street, 
New  York  City. 

Books. 

Beardsly  Library,  West  Winsted, 
Conn.,  Miss  Louise  M.  Carrington, 
librarian. 

The  Report  of  the  Librarian;  cata¬ 
logues  of  books  and  supplement; 
blanks  of  administration. 

Berkeley  School,  New  York  City. 

One  relief  map,  showing  Caesar’s  cam¬ 
paigns;  three  maps  showing  a  valley 
of  erosion  by  contour  lines,  by  sawed 
wood,  and  bv  clay  models.  (341.) 

Betz,  Carl,  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Text-books  and  apparatus  for  gym¬ 
nastics. 

Board  of  Education,  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 
Calvin  Patterson,  superintendent. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Superinten¬ 
dent  for  1887 ;  scholars’  work ;  writing 
books  and  drawing  books. 

Board  of  Education,  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.,  F.  M.  Kendall,  superinten¬ 
dent. 

Volume  of  annual  reports;  two 
pamphlets  on  physiology  and  hygi¬ 
ene  for  the  public  schools;  special 
geography  of  Michigan;  general 
blanks  of  administration. 


274 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  6. 

Board  of  Education  of  Wisconsin, 
Madison,  Wis.  J.  B.  Thayer,  State 
superintendent . 

One  volume  of  school  laws  and  one 
volume  of  laws  relating  to  school 
libraries;  proceedings  of  the  board 
of  regents  of  normal  schools;  re¬ 
port  of  the  board  of  regents  for 
the  University  of  Wisconsin;  two 
catalogues  of  public  school  libraries; 
annual  catalogues  of  the  University 
of  Wisconsin;  annual  catalogues  of 
the  State  normal  schools  at  River 
Falls,  Milwaukee,  Platte ville,  Osh¬ 
kosh,  and  Whitewater,  Wisconsin; 
report  of  the  State  superintendent 
for  1887  and  1888;  blanks  of  admin¬ 
istration. 

Boston  (Mass.)  Public  Schools.  Calvin 
P.  Seaver,  superintendent. 

Plaster  casts;  paintings;  portfolios  of 
drawings;  text  and  reference  books; 
volumes  of  copy  books ;  map  of  Bos¬ 
ton;  charts  of  courses  of  study;  one 
set  of  Prang’s  drawing  models;  one 
school  globe;  music  charts;  port¬ 
folios  of  needlework ;  plates  of  draw¬ 
ings  from  the  Free  Evening  Indus¬ 
trial  School;  volumes  of  reports,  and 
one  school  desk  and  chair. 

Bristol  (Pa.)  Public  Schools. 

Students’  work  in  drawing. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  Public  Schools. 

One  volume  for  each  grade,  No.  1  to 
No.  9,  inclusive,  containing  photo¬ 
graphs  of  classes,  with  average  age, 
work  in  spelling,  arithmetic,  draw¬ 
ing,  geography,  grammar,  composi¬ 
tion,  letter-writing,  and  forms  ;  one 
volume  of  blanks  and  cards;  one  vol¬ 
ume  souvenir  of  the  Buffalo  Indus¬ 
trial  Fair  ;  drawing-books,  writing- 
books,  account-books,  note-books, 
one  volume  of  map  drawing,  and  two 
volumes  of  school  plans. 

Bureau  of  Education,  Department  of 
the  Interior,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Proceedings  of  National  Educational 
Association;  reports  and  mono¬ 
graphs. 

Cambridge  (Mass.)  Public  Schools, 
Francis  Cogswell,  superintendent. 

Two  volumes  of  reports  of  the  school 
committee  and  superintendent  of 
public  schools. 


Catalogues  of  Libraries.  Collective 
exhibit  from  Abington  Public  Li¬ 
brary,  Abington,  Mass.;  Bangor 
Library,  Bangor,  Me. ;  Beards¬ 
ley  Library,  West  Winsted,  Conn.; 
Belleville  Public  Library,  Belle¬ 
ville,  Ill. ;  Boston  aud  Albany  Rail¬ 
road  Library,  Springfield,  Mass.  ; 
Boynton  Public  Library,  Templeton, 
Mass.;  Broadbrook’s  Free  Library, 
Harwich,  Mass. ;  Buffalo  Public  Li¬ 
brary,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  Chicago  Law 
Institute,  Chicago,  Ill.;  Cold  water 
Public  Library,  Coldwater,  Mich.; 
Dayton  Public  Library,  Dayton, 
Ohio ;  Douglass  Library,  Canaan, 
Conn.;  Edward  L.  Pierce  Library, 
St.  Helena  Island,  South  Carolina; 
Enoch  Pratt  Free  Library, Baltimore, 
Md.;  Fay  Library,  Southborough, 
Mass.;  Fiske  Free  Library,  Clare¬ 
mont,  N.  H.;  Franklin  Typograph¬ 
ical  Society,  Boston,  Mass.;  Free 
Public  Library,  Burlington,  Iowa  ; 
Free  Library,  Alameda,  Cal.;  Free 
Public  Library,  Auburn,  Mass. ;  Free 
Public  Library,  Hopedale,  Mass.; 
Free  Public  Library,  Norton,  Mass. ; 
Free  Public  Library,  Omaha,  Neb.; 
Free  Public  Library,  Portland,  Ore¬ 
gon  ;  Free  Public  Library,  Sutton, 
Mass. ;  Free  Public  Library,  Somer¬ 
ville,  Mass.;  Free  Public  Library, 
Topeka,  Kan. ;  Free  Public  Library, 
Oxbridge,  Mass. ;  Friends’  Free  Libra¬ 
ry ,  Germantown,  Pa.  ;  General  Society 
of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen  of  the 
City  of  New  York  ;  Hampton  Public 
Library,  Bridgehampton,  N. Y. ;  Har¬ 
lem  Library,  New  York  City;  Hope- 
dale  Public  Library, Hopedale,  Mass. ; 
Ishpeming  City  Library,  Ishpeming, 
Mich.;  Lith<row  Library,  Augusta, 
Me. ;  Manufacturers  and  Mechanics’ 
Library  Association,  Lewiston,  Me. ; 
Mechanics’  Library,  Portland,  Me.; 
Memorial  Free  Library,  Mt.  Airy, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Mercantile  Li- 
rary,  San  Francisco,  Cal. ;  Montana 
Law  Library,  Helena,  Mont.;  New¬ 
berry  Library,  Chicago,  Ill.;  New 
York  Mercantile  Library  Associa¬ 
tion,  New  York  City;  Norman  Wil¬ 
liams  Public  Library,  Woodstock, 
Vt. ;  Norton  Public  Library,  Norton, 


EPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


275 


Catalogues  of  Libraries— Continued. 
Mass. ;  Odd  Fellows’  Library  Associ¬ 
ation,  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  Orange 
Public  Library,  Orange,  Cal.;  Os¬ 
wego  City  Library,  Oswego,  N.Y. ; 
Poughkeepsie  Public  Library, Pough¬ 
keepsie,  N.Y. ;  Public  Library,  Ayer, 
Mass.;  Public  Library,  Bryan,  Ohio; 
Public  Library,  Chelsea,  Mass. ;  Pub¬ 
lic  Library,  Fitchburg,  Mass. ;  Public 
Library,  St.  Louis,  Mo.;  Public  Li¬ 
brary,  Southbridge,  Mass.;  Public 
Library,  Taunton,  Mass. ;  Public  Li¬ 
brary,  Toledo,  Ohio:  Public  Library, 
Warren,  Mass. ;  Public  Library, West 
Brookfield,  Mass. ;  Raymond  Public 
Library,  Royalston,  Mass.;  Russel 
Library,  Middletown,  Conn.;  The 
Brooklyn  Library,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ; 
Tuft’s  Library,  Weymouth,  Mass.; 
Waltham  Public  Library,  Waltham, 
Mass. ;  Watertown  Library  Associa¬ 
tion,  Watertown,  Mass.;  Woburn 
Public  Library,  Woburn,  Mass.; 
Woodbury  Library, Woodbury,  N.  J. ; 
and  the  Young  Men’s  Christian  As¬ 
sociation,  Meriden,  Conn. 

Cathedral  School  of  St.  Paul,  Gar¬ 
den  City,  N.  Y. 

Frames  containing  photographs  of  stu¬ 
dents  and  buildings,  and  a  diploma; 
and  a  portfolio  of  photographs  and 
forms. 

Chambersburgh  (Pa.)  Public  School, 
W.  H.  Hockenberry,  superintendent. 

Annual  statement  and  report  of  the 
superintendent,  for  1887-88;  blanks 
used  in  administration  of  schools. 

Charleston  Library  Society,  Charles¬ 
ton,  S.  C.,  Miss  A.  E.  Pinckney, libra¬ 
rian. 

The  constitution  and  rules  and  a  cata¬ 
logue  of  books. 

Chautauqua  Association,  Chautauqua, 
N.Y. 

A  manual  of  Biblical  geography;  and 
a  chart  showing  programme  of  work. 

Chicago  Public  Library,  Chicago, Ill., 
Frederick  H.  Hild,  librarian. 

One  volume,  annual  reports  of  direc¬ 
tors,  1873-88;  one  volume  finding 
lists;  one  volume  bulletins;  one 
volume  views,  blanks,  etc 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  6. 

Chicago  (III.)  Public  Schools,  George 
Howland,  superintendent. 

Eight  annual  reports  of  board  of  edu¬ 
cation  1880-87;  report  of  course  of 
study;  physical  exercises,  etc  . 
Christiansen  Institute,  *  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y.,  Mrs.  E.  C.  Staker,  principal. 
Circulars  of  information  and  a  collec¬ 
tion  of  scholars’  work,  consisting  of 
25  cards  of  maps  and  drawings;  also 
kindergarten  work  in  paper  folding 
and  embroidery. 

City  and  Town  School  Reports. 
Collective  exhibit  from  Auburn,  N.  Y. ; 
Baltimore,  Md.;  Binghamton,  N.Y. ; 
Boston,  Mass.;  Bristol,  Pa.;  Brook¬ 
lyn,  N.  Y. ;  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  Cam¬ 
bridge,  Mass.;  Charleston,  W.  Ya. ; 
Chelsea,  Mass.;  Cincinnati,  Ohio; 
Cleveland,  Ohio;  Cold  water,  Mich.; 
Columbus,  Ohio;  Dayton,  Ohio; 
Elizabeth,  N.  J. ;  Evansville,  Ind.; 
Fort  Worth,  Tex.;  Galveston,  Tex.; 
Gloucester,  Mass.;  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.;  Haverhill, Mass. ;  Indianapo¬ 
lis,  Ind. ;  Jersey  City,  N.  J. ;  John¬ 
ston,  R.  I.;  Kansas  City,  Mo. ;  Law¬ 
rence,  Mass.;  Leavenworth,  Kans.; 
Lewiston,  Me.;  Memphis,  Tenn.; 
Moline,  Ill.;  New  Bedford,  Mass.; 
Newburgh,  N.  Y.  ;  New  Haven, 
Conn.;  Newport,  Ky. ;  New  York 
City ;  Omaha,  Neb. ;  Oskaloosa,  Iowa; 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  Portland,  Oregon; 
Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. ;  Quincy,  Mass. ; 
Rochester,  N.  Y.;  St.  Joseph,  Mo.; 
St. Louis,  Mo.;  St.  Paul,  Minn.; 
Salem,  Mass. ;  Sandusky,  Ohio;  Som¬ 
erville,  Mass.;  Springfield,  Ill.; 
Springfield,  Mass.;  Sutton,  Mass.; 
Taunton,  Mass.;  Terre  Haute,  Ind.; 
Toledo,  Ohio;  Utica,  N.  Y. ;  West 
Des  Moines,  Iowa;  Williamsport,  Pa. ; 
Woburn,  Mass.;  Worcester,  Mass.; 
Yonkers,  N.  Y. 

Cleveland  (Ohio)  Public  Schools, 
L.  W.  Day,  superintendent. 

Annual  reports  of  superintendent  for 
1886  and  1887  courses  of  study; 
manuals  of  the  schools. 

COLDWATER  (MlCH.)  PUBLIC  SCHOOLS 
and  Library. 

Photographs  of  buildings  and  scholars; 


276 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  6. 

Cold  water  (Mich.)  Public  Schools 

and  Library — Continued. 
photographs  of  library:  a  programme 
of  study  hours;  school  forms;  reports 
and  library  catalogue. 

Colorado  Institution  for  the  Deaf 
and  Blind,  Colorado  Springs,  Col., 
D.C.  Dudley,  A.  B.,  superintendent. 

Map  of  Colorado  Springs,  seven  photo¬ 
graphs,  descriptive  volume  and  cata¬ 
logue.  Scholars’  work:  lace,  carv¬ 
ing,  etc. 

Columbus  (Ohio)  Public  Schools, 
R.  W.  Steavenson,  superintendent. 

Annual  reports  1880  to  1888;  volumes 
school  laws;  cards  of  committees. 

Convent  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  New¬ 
port,  Ky. 

Scholars’  work:  writing  and  fancy 
work. 

Dayton  Public  Library,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

Catalogue  of  books;  pamphlet-dedica¬ 
tion;  by-laws;  report  of  librarian. 

Department  of  Education  of  South 
Carolina,  Columbia,  S.  C. ,  James  H. 
Rice,  State  superintendent  of  educa¬ 
tion. 

Volumes  of  annual  reports  of  the  su¬ 
perintendent  and  one  volume  of 
school  laws. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
Arkansas,  Little  Rock,  Ark.,  W.  I. 
Thompson ,  superintendent . 

Fivebiennal  reports,  1879-88  inclusive. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
California,  Sacramento,  Cal., 
M.  R.  Beard,  superintendent. 

Reports  of  superintendent  of  public 
instruction;  school  laws;  report  of 
trustees  of  normal  schools;  list  of 
library  books;  catalogues  of  State 
normal  schools  at  San  Jose  and  Los 
Angeles;  text-books  used  in  schools; 
general  blanks. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
Dakota,  E.A.Dye,  superintendent. 

Annual  reports  of  the  superintendent 
of  public  instruction  and  volumes 
of  rules,  laws,  and  courses  of  study. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
Delaware. 

School  reports  for  1887  and  school  laws 
for  1881. 


Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
Florida,  A.  J.  Russell,  State  super¬ 
intendent,  Tallahassee,  Fla. 

School  laws;  annual  reports  and  cata¬ 
logues  of  State  Agricultural  College; 
reports  of  the  president  of  Rollin’s 
College,  of  the  State  Normal  School 
for  Colored  Students,  of  the  Blind 
and  Mute  Institute,  of  the  State 
Normal  School  for  White  Students;, 
rules,  regulations,  and  blanks  of  ad¬ 
ministration. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
Iowa,  Henry  Sabin,  superintendent,, 
Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Volumes  of  Iowa  documents,  1888;  vol¬ 
umes  of  school  law  decisions,  1888;. 
annual  reports;  census  of  Iowa,  1835- 
18  0  and  1885;  volume  of  the  secre¬ 
tary’s  blank  reports,  volume  of  the 
treasurer’s  blank  reports,  and  volume 
of  the  county  superintendent’s  blank 
reports;  one  volume  each  of  agri¬ 
cultural  and  horticultural  reports 
for  1887 ;  blank  certificate,  diploma, 
and  general  blanks  used  in  adminis¬ 
tration  of  the  office. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of1 
Michigan,  Lansing,  Mich.  Reports 
1872  to  1882,  inclusive  ;  1884  to  1887, 
inclusive ;  20  blanks  of  administra¬ 
tion  ;  book  of  teachers’  certificates  ; 
manual  of  institute  work  and  books 
for  enrollment  at  institute. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
Nebraska,  Lincoln,  Neb.,  G.  B. 
Lane,  State  superintendent. 

Volume  of  annual  reports  for  1887-’88; 
volume  of  school  laws  and  a  manual 
for  teachers;  catalogue  of  the  State 
Normal  School. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
Nevada,  Carson  City,  Nev.,  C.  S. 
Young,  superintendent. 

'  Biennial  reports  for  1885  to  1888;  re¬ 
ports  of  State  board  of  regents. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
New  Hampshire,  Manchester,  N.  H. , 
J.  W.  Patterson,  superintendent. 

Volumes  of  annual  reports  1887-88. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
Oregon,  Salem,  Oregon.  E.B.Mp- 
Elroy,  superintendent. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  277 


Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
Oregon — Continued. 

Volumes  of  school  laws  ;  blanks  ;  “The 
Resources  of  Oregon  ;  ”  reports  of 
the  school  for  deaf  mutes ;  reports 
of  the  school  for  the  blind. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
Rhode  Island,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Volumes  of  reports,  1880  to  1888;  school 
manuals ;  general  blanks,  and  vol¬ 
umes  of  School  Journal. 

Educational  Publishing  Company, 
Boston,  Mass. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Popular  Edu¬ 
cator. 

Elizabeth,  (N.  J.)  Public  Schools, 
J.  A.  Dix,  superintendent. 

One  portfolio  containing  a  map  of  the 
city,  course  of  study,  students’  work, 
and  administration  blanks. 

Enoch  Pratt  Free  Library,  Baltimore, 
Md.  Librarian’s  report,  catalogues, 
and  volume  of  letters  and  docu¬ 
ments. 

Findley,  Samuel,  Akron,  Ohio.  (639) 
Current  numbers  of  The  Ohio  Edu¬ 
cational  Monthly  and  National 
Teacher. 

Foote,  Albert  Edward,  1223  Belmont 
avenue,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (798). 

Geological  maps  and  reports  (see  also 
Class  8). 

Fort  Worth,  (Tex.)  Public  Schools, 
Alexander  Hogg,  superintendent. 

A  volume  by  the  superintendent,  ‘  ‘  The 
Railroad  in  Education;”  scholars’ 
work  ;  reports  of  the  superintend¬ 
ent  and  blanks  of  administration. 

Free  Public  Library,  Burlington, 
Iowa,  Clara  S.  Smith,  librarian. 

Catalogues  of  books;  report  of  cir¬ 
culation  and  blanks. 

Free  Public  Library,  Topeka,  Kans,,  j 
Olin  S.  Davis,  librarian. 

A  catalogue  of  books  and  binding 
list;  two  photographs,  and  blanks  j 
of  administration. 

Free  Public  Library,  Uxbridge,  Mass., 
Lawson  A.  Seagrave,  librarian. 

A  bound  volume  of  catalogues,  re¬ 
ports,  etc. 

French  School  of  the  Society  of  the 
House  of  Refuge,  Hudson,  N.  Y. 

Scholars’  work. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  6. 

Friends’  Free  Library,  Germantown, 
Philadephia,  Pa.,  William  Kise,  li¬ 
brarian. 

Committee’s  reports,  catalogues,  cir¬ 
culars,  blanks  of  administration, 
photograph  of  library. 

Galveston  (Tex.  )  Public  Schools. 

Six  photographs  of  buildings;  64  pho¬ 
tographs  of  teachers  and  scholars; 
75  papers  on  mathematics  and  lan¬ 
guage  written  by  pupils;  charts  of 
statistics;  charts  of  recitation  hours; 
2  record  books;  20  blanks  and  50 
plates  of  students’  drawings. 

General  Society  Mechanics  and 
Tradesmen  of  the  City  of  New 
York,  Jacob  Schwartz,  librarian. 

A  catalogue  and  finding  list  for  the  li¬ 
brary;  a  manual  for  1889;  annals  of 
the  society;  an  old  charter;  photo¬ 
graphs  and  statistics;  blanks  of  ad¬ 
ministration. 

Hampton  Public  Library,  Bridgehamp- 
ton,  N.  Y. 

Copy  of  the  charter  of  the  library; 
reports  of  circulation  and  finances; 
specimen  blanks. 

Harwood  Manufacturing  Company, 
Boston,  Mass.  (791) 

Six  samples  of  chairs  for  school  halls. 

Home  for  Feeble-minded  Children, 
Santa  Clara,  Cal. 

Two  volumes  of  work  in  sewing,  one 
volume  of  reading,  and  ten  pieces 
of  fancy  work  made  by  pupils. 

Hyatt  School  Slate  Company  (The), 
South  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

Seventy  specimens  of  school  slates. 

Indianapolis  (Ind.)  Public  Schools, 
L.  H.  Jones,  superintendent. 

Reports  of  superintendent  of  public 
schools  for  1887— ’88;  school  man¬ 
ual  of  1889. 

Indian  Industrial  School,  Carlisle, Pa. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Indian  Helper 
and  The  Red  Man,  printed  by  the 
Indian  boys;  9  photographs  of  stu¬ 
dents. 

Institute  of  our  Lady  of  the  Sacred 
Heart,  Washington  Heights,  Ill., 
Mother  Pacific,  principal. 

Students’  work:  maps,  writing,  and 
free-hand  drawing ;  catalogue 
and  blanks  of  administration. 


278 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  6. 

Ivison,  Blakeman  &  Co.,  New  York 
City.  (862) 

Text-books. 

Journals  of  Education. 

American  Journal  of  Education,  St. 
Louis,  Mo. ;  American  Teacher,  Bos¬ 
ton,  Mass. ;  Education,  Boston, 
Mass.;  Common  School  Education, 
Boston,  Mass. ;  Educational  Courant, 
Louisville,  Ky. ;  Educational  Ga¬ 
zette,  Rochester,  N.  Y. ;  Educational 
News,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Florida 
School  Journal,  Lake  City,  Fla.; 
Illinois  School  Journal,  Blooming¬ 
ton,  Ill.;  Indiana  School  Journal, 
Indianapolis,  I  n  d .  ;  Intelligence, 
Chicago,  Ill. :  Journal  of  Education, 
Boston,  Mass.;  Minnehaha  Teacher, 
Sioux  Falls,  Dak. ;  National  Edu¬ 
cator,  Allentown,  Pa. ;  Popular  Edu¬ 
cator,  Boston,  Mass. ;  School  and 
Home,  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  Southwestern 
Journal  of  Education,  Nashville, 
Tenn. ;  The  Academy,  Syracuse,  N. 
Y.;  The  Alabama  Teachers’  Jour¬ 
nal,  Cincinnati,  O.;  The  American 
Teacher,  Boston,  Mass.;  The  Edu¬ 
cational  Journal  of  Virginia,  Rich¬ 
mond,  Va.;  The  Fountain,  York, Pa. ; 
The  Monthly  Pennsylvania  School, 
Williamsport,  Pa.;  The  North  Caro¬ 
lina  Teacher,  Raleigh,  N.  C. ;  The 
Ohio  Educational  Monthly,  Akron, 
O.;  The  Pennsylvania  Educational 
Journal,  Lancaster,  Pa. ;  The  School 
Bulletin,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. ;  The  School 
Herald,  Chicago,  Ill.;  The  School 
Journal, New  York  City ;  The  School 
Teacher,  Winston,  N.  C.  ;  The 
Teacher,  New  York  City  ;  The 
Teachers’  Institute,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Lewiston  (Me.)  Public  Schools,  A.  M. 
Edwards,  superintendent. 

The  course  of  study  and  report  of  the 
superintendent  of  public  schools  for 
1888. 

Lippincott,  J.  B.,  &  Co.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  (854.) 

Three  Worcester’s  dictionary;  four 
volumes  text-books  on  anatomy  and 
hygiene;  one  set  of  school  readers. 

Manufacturers  and  Mechanics’  Li¬ 
brary  Association,  Lewiston,  Me., 
R.  C.  Pennell,  librarian. 


Manufacturers  and  Mechanics’  Li¬ 
brary  Association — Continued. 

A  copy  each  of  the  constitution,  by¬ 
laws,  catalogue,  and  blanks  used  in 
the  administration  of  the  library. 

Marianna  (Ark.)  Institute,  Marianna, 
Ark.,  Thomas  A.  Futrall,  president. 

Catalogues  of  the  school;  scholars’ 
work;  writing-books. 

Mechanics’  Library,  Portland,  Me., 
Hubbard  W.  Bryant,  librarian. 

Portfolio  of  blanks,  rules,  etc. 

Memorial  Free  Library,  Mount  Airy, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. ,  L.  D.  Lovett,  libra¬ 
rian. 

Annual  report  and  a  catalogue;  statis¬ 
tics  and  blanks  of  administration; 
four  photographs. 

Mercantile  Library,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.,  Alfred  E.  Whitaker,  librarian. 

Three  catalogues;  four  volumes  of  an¬ 
nual  reports;  blanks  of  administra¬ 
tion;  rules,  etc. 

Merriam,  G.  C.,  &  Co.,  Springfield, 
Mass.  (161.) 

Dictionaries. 

Minnesota  School  for  Deaf,  Fari¬ 
bault,  Minn.,  J. E. Noyes,  president. 

Circulars  of  information;  history  of 
the  college;  course  of  study;  views 
of  the  buildings;  drawings  by  stu¬ 
dents  and  copies  of  The  Companion^ 

Moline  (III.)  Public  Schools,  H.W. 
Russell ,  superintendent . 

Scholars’  work:  two  portfolios  of  sew¬ 
ing;  six  frames  of  geographical  clay 
modeling;  six  clay  panel  models 
and  three  boxes  of  plain  clay  models; 
fourteen  paper  boxes  *  twelve  vol¬ 
umes  of  drawings;  reports  of  the 
public  schools  of  Moline,  1878— ’88; 
twenty-five  models  of  crystals;  three 
cards  of  wood  carving;  nine  sheets 
of  sewing  and  twenty-five  sheets  of 
paper  folding. 

Mystic  Valley  Institute,  Mystic 
Bridge,  Conn.,  John  K.  Bucklyn, 
A.  M.,  LL.  D.,  principal. 

One  portfolio  containing  circulars  of 
information  and  scholars’  work,  ex¬ 
amination  papers,  etc. 

National  Deaf  Mute  College,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C. 

Two  maps  of  the  grounds  of  the  col¬ 
lege;  annual  reports  and  catalogues. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL- — APPENDIX  K. 


279 


National  Woman’s  Christian  Tem¬ 
perance  Union,  Josephine  R.  Nich¬ 
ols,  superintendent  for  fairs  and  ex¬ 
positions,  161  La  Salle  street,  Chi¬ 
cago,  Ill.  (887.) 

Scientific  temperance  books  for  schools ; 
articles  for  training  girls  in  kitchen- 
garden  work;  temperance  libraries 
and  publications. 

New  England  Publishing  Company, 
Boston,  Mass. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Journal  of  Ed¬ 
ucation  and  The  American  Teacher. 

New  Haven  (Conn.)  Public  Schools, 
S.  T.  Dutton,  superintendent. 

Two  volumes  reports  of  board  of  edu¬ 
cation;  one  volume  courses  of  study, 
blanks,  etc. 

New  York  House  of  Refuge,  School 
Department,  Randall’s  Island,  New 
York.  (742.) 

Writing,  map  drawing,  accounts  and 
problems,  by  the  scholars. 

New  York  Mercantile  Library  Asso¬ 
ciation,  New  York  City,  W.  J.  Peo¬ 
ples,  librarian. 

Three  annual  reports;  pamphlet  on 
50tli  anniversary  celebration;  cata¬ 
logue  with  three  supplements  and 
two  bulletins;  specimen  card  cata¬ 
logue  and  drawer;  volume  “  New 
York  City  during  American  Revo¬ 
lution.” 

Norman  Williams  Public  Library, 
Woodstock,  Vt. 

A  volume  of  photographs  and  blanks. 

Norton  Public  Library,  Norton, 
Mass.,  A.  M.  Round,  librarian. 

Catalogue  of  books  and  supplement; 
a  report  of  the  librarian  and  blanks 
used  in  the  administration  of  the 
library. 

Ohio  Commissioners  of  Schools,  Co¬ 
lumbus,  Ohio. 

Two  volumes  of  the  annual  reports  of 
the  board  for  1887  and  1888;  one  vol¬ 
ume  of  school  laws. 

Ohio  Institution  for  Feeble  Minded 
Youth,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Four  frames  of  photographs  of  build¬ 
ings,  rooms,  and  children. 

Omaha  Public  Library,  Omaha,  Neb. 

One  catalogue  and  fifteen  cards  of  sta¬ 
tistics  and  forms. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  6. 

Omaha  (Neb.)  Public  Schools,  Henry 
M.  James,  superintendent. 

Annual  reports:  rules  of  board  of  edu¬ 
cation;  list  of  text-books;  courses  of 
study;  blanks. 

Oregon  School  for  Deaf  Mutes,  Sa¬ 
lem,  Oregon,  Rev.  P.  S.  Knight, 
superintendent. 

Three  volumes  of  biennial  reports  of 
the  superintendent  for  1884,  1886, 
and  188§;  volume  of  The  Sign  and 
a  photograph. 

Oskaloosa  (Iowa)  Public  Schools, 
Orion  C.  Scott,  superintendent. 

Annual  reports  of  superintendent  of 
public  schools,  1887  and  1888.  Man¬ 
uals  ;  general  blanks ;  geographical 
work  on  boards,  six  specimens. 

Penn  School,  St.  Helena  Island,  South 
Carolina. 

Portfolio  blanks,  views,  scholars’  work, 
three  specimens  of  sewing,  three  En¬ 
glish  compositions,  and  eight  sheets 
of  drawings. 

Pennsylvania  Oral  School  for  the 
Deaf,  Scranton,  Pa. ,  Emma  Garrett, 
principal. 

The  fourth  annual  report  of  the  prin¬ 
cipal. 

Pennsylvania  Training  School,  El- 
wyn,  Pa. 

Reports  1885  to  1886,  inclusive. 

Perkins’  Institution  and  Massachu¬ 
setts  School  for  the  Blind,  Bos¬ 
ton,  Mass.,  M.  Anagnos,  superintend¬ 
ent. 

Thirty-five  specimens  of  scholars’  work; 
fifty-two  specimens  of  kindergarten 
work;  photographs. 

Perrin  &  Smith,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Current  numbers  of  the  American 
Journal  of  Education. 

Pittsburgh  (Pa.)  Public  Schools, 
George  J.  Luckey,  superintendent. 

One  frame,  containing  photographs  of 
groups  of  students;  thirteen  volumes 
of  scholars’  work  in  arithmetic  and 
language  from  Grades  1  to  7;  two> 
volumes  of  scholars’  work  from  the 
normal  school;  one  volume  of  schol¬ 
ars’  work  from  the  high  school. 

Portland  Public  Library,  Portland^ 
Me.,  Stephen  W.  Watson,  librarian. 

By-laws ;  catalogue  of  books ;  blanks 


280 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  6. 

Portland  Public  Library—  Cont'd. 
of  administration.  Historical  and 
Genealogical  Record,  Vol.  IV. 

Poughkeepsie  Public  Library,  Pough¬ 
keepsie,  N.  Y.,  John  C.  Stickley, 
librarian. 

Report  and  manual  of  the  board  of 
education,  catalogue  of  library,  and 
mounted  blanks  of  administration. 

Pratt,  D.  C.,  32  Church  street,  New 
York  City.  (806.) 

School  slates,  crayons,  and  blackboard. 

Providence  (R.  I.)  Public  Schools, 
Horace  S.  Tarbel,  superintendent. 

Six  reports  of  school  committees ; 
twelve  manuals. 

Public  Library,  Belleville,  Ill.,  F.  J. 
Stawfenbiel,  librarian. 

A  portfolio  containing  a  statistical  ex¬ 
hibit  of  the  library. 

Public  Library,  Chelsea,  Mass. ,  Medora 
J.  Simpson,  librarian. 

A  catalogue  of  books  and  a  supple¬ 
ment;  a  report  of  trustees,  and  the 
dedication  of  new  building. 

Public  Library,  Fitchburg,  Mass. ,  P.  C. 
Rice,  librarian. 

Report  of  trustees;  blanks  of  adminis¬ 
tration. 

Public  Library,  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Fred¬ 
erick  M.  Crunden,  librarian. 

A  catalogue  of  books  and  a  supple¬ 
ment;  a  bulletin  of  additions,  rules, 
and  annual  reports. 

Public  Library,  Somerville,  Mass.,  Har¬ 
riet  A.  Adams,  librarian. 

A  catalogue  of  books,  view  of  the 
building,  reports  of  trustees,  and 
blanks  used  in  the  administration 
of  the  library. 

Public  Library,  Southbridge,  Mass., 
Miss  A.  Jeannette  Comins,  librarian. 

A  catalogue  of  books  and  two  supple¬ 
ments  ;  a  portfolio  of  views,  and 
blanks  used  in  the  administration 
of  the  library. 

Public  Library,  Taunton,  Mass.,  E.  C. 
Arnold,  librarian. 

Catalogue  and  two  supplements,  port¬ 
folio  of  rules,  statement  of  circula¬ 
tion,  and  blanks  used  in  the  admin¬ 
istration  of  the  library. 


Public  Library,  Toledo,  Ohio,  Mrs.  T, 
D.  Germain,  librarian. 

A  catalogue  of  the  books  in  the  library, 
the  rules  and  regulations,  and  the 
blanks  used  in  the  administration  of 
the  library. 

Public  Library,  Warren,  Mass. 

Volume  of  photographs  and  blanks. 

Public  Library,  West  Brookfield,  Mass. , 
T.  S.  Knowlton,  librarian. 

A  catalogue  of  books  and  supplement, 
dedication  and  committee  reports, 
statistics,  photographs,  and  blanks 
of  administration  of  library. 

Public  Schools,  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 

Reports  and  text-books. 

Rand,  McNally  &  Co.,  328  Broadway, 
New  York,  N.Y.  (198.) 

Maps,  map-cases,  and  atlases. 

Raub,  Albert  N. ,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Educational 
New. 

Rimmersburgh  (Pa.)  Public  School. 

Six  volumes  of  pupils’  work  in  drawing 
and  language. 

Rochester  (N.  Y.)  Public  Schools,  S. 
A.  Ellis,  superintendent. 

Six  volumes  of  annual  reports  of  the 
superintendent  of  public  schools 
1882  to  ’88  ;  five  volumes  of  the  pro¬ 
ceedings  of  the  board  of  education  ; 
scholars’  work  ;  examination  ques¬ 
tions  and  papers. 

Roland  Hall  School,  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah,  Miss  J.  H.  Van  Rensselaer, 
cipal. 

Scholars’  work ;  eight  maps,  three 
plates  of  drawing,  and  two  herba¬ 
riums. 

St.  Mark’s  School,  Salt  Lake  City, 
Utah. 

Five  pieces  scholars’  work. 

Sandusky  (Ohio)  Public  Schools, 
Henry  A.  Balcam,  superintendent. 

Nine  volumes  of  annual  reports  of  the 
superintendent  o  f  public  schools 
and  four  volumes  of  scholars’  work 
in  examinations. 

School  for  Young  Ladies,  429  Caron- 
delet  street.  New  Orleans,  La., Misses 
H.  A.  and  H.  V.  Dykers,  principals. 

Eight  photographs  of  rooms  and  stu- 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  281 


School  for  Young  Ladies — Continued. 
dents;  scholars’ work;  maps,  charts, 
drawings,  essays,  and  writing  books  ; 
circulars  of  information. 

Silver,  Burdette  &  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 
(772.) 

Six  volumes  of  music  readers  and  three 
charts;  four  volumes  Child  Life;  nine 
volumes  History  of  Political  Econ¬ 
omy,  etc. ;  litho-photographs  of 
Messrs.  Tuffts  and  Holt,  authors  of 
their  music  system. 

Silver  Street  Kindergarten,  San 
Francisco,  Cal.,  Mrs.  Kate  D.  Wig- 
gin,  principal. 

List  of  members  of  the  California 
Froebel  Society ;  annual  state¬ 
ments  ;  students’  work  in  drawing 
and  writing. 

SOCKANOSSET  SCHOOL  FOR  BOYS,  How¬ 
ard,  R.  I.,  Franklin  H.  Nibecker, 
superintendent. 

Files  of  Howard  Times  and  job  print¬ 
ing  printed  by  boys  ;  clothes  and 
brushes  made  by  boys  ;  photographs 
of  boys  and  buildings ;  writing 
books  and  programme  of  course  of 
study. 

State  Department  of  Education,  Har- 
risburgh,  Pa. ,  E.  E.  Higbee,  State  su¬ 
perintendent. 

Two  volumes  of  annual  reports  of 
the  State  superintendent  of  public 
instruction ;  two  volumes  of  an¬ 
nual  reports  of  the  superintendent 
of  soldiers’  orphans  ;  two  volumes 
of  school  laws. 

State  Department  of  Public  Instruc¬ 
tion,  Austin,  Tex.,  C.  H.  Cooper,  su¬ 
perintendent. 

Two  volumes  of  reports  of  superin¬ 
tendent  of  public  instruction  for  I 
1886  and  1888;  two  maps  and  seven-' 
teen  charts  on  language,  mathe¬ 
matics,  and  science,  prepared  under 
the  direction  of  the  State  superin¬ 
tendent. 

State  Normal  School  Reports. 

Collective  exhibit  from  Baltimore; 
Md. ;  De  Funiak  Springs,  Fla. ;  Fay¬ 
ette,  Ark.;  Fredonia,  N.  Y. ;  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.;  Milwaukee,  Wis. ; 
Oshkosh,  Wis. ;  Peru,  Neb. ;  Platte- 
ville,  Wis.;  River  Falls,  Wis.;  Sac- 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  6. 

State  Normal  School  Reports — Con'd. 
ramento,  Cal. ;  San  Jose,  Cal. ;  Tusk- 
egee,  Ala.;  White  Water,  Wis.,  and 
Worcester,  Mass. 

State  Public  School,  Cold  water,  Mich., 
W.  J.  Lowery,  superintendent. 

Circulars  and  scholars’  work. 

State  School  Reports. 

A  collective  exhibit  of  annual  and 
biennial  school  reports  from  Ala¬ 
bama,  Arkansas,  California,  Colo¬ 
rado,  Connecticut,  Dakota,  Delaware, 
Florida,  Illinois,  Iowa,  Kansas, 
Louisiana,  Maryland,  Massachusetts, 
Michigan,  Mississippi,  Missouri,  Ne¬ 
braska,  Nevada,  New  Hampshire, 
New  York,  North  Carolina,  Ohio, 
Oregon,  Pennsylvania,  South  Caro¬ 
lina,  Tennessee,  Texas,  Vermont, 
West  Virginia,  Wisconsin,  and 
Washington. 

Superintendent  of  Education  of 
Maryland,  M.  A.  Newell,  Balti¬ 
more,  Md. 

Articles  of  clothing  made  by  normal- 
school  students  ;  scholars’  work  in 
drawing  and  botany ;  annual  re¬ 
ports  of  the  State  superintendent  for 
the  years  1867, 1872, 1874, 1877, 1880, 
1881, 1883, 1885, 1886,  and  1887. 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruc¬ 
tion  of  Colorado,  Leonidas  S. 
Cornell,  Denver,  Colo. 

Four  biennial  reports,  1882, 1884, 1886, 
1888;  education  in  Colorado  1861  to 
1885. 

The  Brooklyn  Library,  Brooklyn, 
N.Y. 

Four  annual  reports;  manual  of  the 
trustees;  catalogues  and  bulletins; 
prospectus  of  classified  catalogue; 
blanks  used  in  the  administration 
of  the  library. 

The  Williams  Publishing  Company, 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Michael’s  System  of  Penmanship;  Mi-' 
chael’s  Compendium  of  Penmanship. 

Union  School  District,  Concord,  N. 
H.,L.J.  Rundlett,  superintendent. 

A  framed  chart  showing  the  hours  de¬ 
voted  to  each  study  and  scholars’ 
work;  one  volume  of  specimens  of 
penmanship  and  one  volume  of  spe¬ 
cimens  of  drawing. 


282 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  7. 

Untereiner,  Prof.  Charles,  Westches¬ 
ter  County,  N.  Y. 

Collection  of  reports  of  school  superin¬ 
tendents,  school  laws,  and  circulars 
of  schools. 

Vaile,  E.O.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Current  numbers  of  Intelligence. 

Vancouver,  Wash.,  J.  C.  Lawrence, 
superintendent . 

Scholars’  work;  composition;  examina¬ 
tion  papers;  maps  and  writing  books. 

Waltham  Public  Library,  Waltham, 
Mass.,  Sumner  Johnston,  librarian. 

Catalogues;  photographs;  rules  and  ad¬ 
ministration  blanks. 

Watertown  Library  Association, 
Watertown,  Conn.,  Miss  N.  E.  Bron¬ 
son,  librarian. 

Report  of  librarian;  copy  of  act  of  in¬ 
corporation;  catalogue,  and  blanks 
of  administration  of  library. 

Woburn  Public  Library,  Woburn,  j 
Mass.,  W.  R.  Cutter,  librarian. 

Photographs  of  the  building,  etc;  the 
fourth  annual  report  of  the  board  of 
trustees. 

Woburn  (Mass.)  Public  Schools. 

Ten  drawing  books;  five  sheets  map 
drawings;  nine  examination  papers; 
three  blank  books ;  twenty -five 
blanks;  one  order  book,  and  school 
reports  from  1870  to  1888. 

Worcester  (Mass.)  Public  Schools, 
Albert  P.  Marble,  superintendent. 

Eleven  annual  reports,  1877  to  1887; 
rules  of  board  of  education ;  teachers’ 
instructions,  and  course  of  study. 

Class  7. — Organization  and  Appli¬ 
ances  for  Secondary  Instruction. 

Board  of  Education,  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich., F.M. Kendall,  superintendent. 

Volume  of  annual  reports;  two  pamph¬ 
lets  on  physiology  and  hygiene  for 
the  public  schools;  special  geogra¬ 
phy  of  Michigan;  general  blanks  of 
administration. 

Board  of  Education  of  Wisconsin, 
Madison,  Wis.,  J.  B.  Thayer,  State 
superintendent. 

One  volume  of  school-laws  and  one  vol¬ 
ume  of  laws  relating  to  school  lib¬ 
raries;  proceedings  of  the  board  of 


Board  of  Education  of  Wisconsin— 
Continued. 

regents  of  normal  schools;  report  of 
the  board  of  regents  for  the  Univer¬ 
sity  of  Wisconsin;  two  catalogues  of 
public  school  libraries;  annual  cata¬ 
logues  of  the  University  of  Wiscon¬ 
sin;  annual  catalogues  of  the  State 
normal  schools  at  River  Falls,  Mil¬ 
waukee,  Platteville,  Oshkosh,  and 
Whitewater,  Wisconsin;  report  of 
the  State  superintendent  for  1887 
and  1888;  blanks  of  administration. 
Boston  (Mass.)  Public  Schools,  Calvin 
P.  Seaver,  superintendent. 

Text-books;  reference  books;  drawings; 
casts;  furniture;  and  students’  work 
from  the  public  schools. 

Buffalo  (N.  Y.)  Public  Schools.  {See 
Class  6.) 

Bureau  of  Education,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Reports. 

Catalogues  of  Secondary  Schools. 

A  collective  exhibit  from  Adelphi 
Academy,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ;  Ala¬ 
bama  Conference  Female  College, 
Tuskegee,  Ala. ;  Allen  Academy, 
Chicago,  Ill.;  Alexander  Institute, 
White  Plains,  N.  Y. ;  Art  Academy 
of  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  Avalon  College, 
Avalon,  Mo.;  Berkeley  School,  New 
York  City;  Bexley  School,  Gambier, 
Ohio;  Bishop  Hopkins  Hall,  Burling¬ 
ton,  N.  J. ;  Blair’s  Presbyterian  Acad¬ 
emy,  Blairsville,  N.  J.;  Blairsville 
Ladies’  Seminary,  Blairsville,  N,  J. ; 
Bordentown  Female  College,  Bor- 
dentown,  N,  J. ;  Bradford  Academy, 
Bradford,  Mass. ;  Bunker  Hill  Acad¬ 
emy,  Bunker  Hill,  Ill.;  Carthage 
Academic  Institute,  Carthage,  N.  C. ; 
Cayuga  Lake  Military  Academy, 
Aurora,  N.  Y. ;  Centenary  Collegiate 
Institute,  Hackettstown,  N.  J. ;  Cen¬ 
tral  Collegiate  Institute,  Atlas, 
Ark. ;  Charleston  Female  Seminary, 
Charleston,  S.  C. ;  Chamberlin  Insti¬ 
tute  and  Female  College,  Randolph, 
N.  Y. ;  Charlotte  Female  Institute, 
Charlotte,  N.  C. ;  Chauncy  Hall 
School,  Boston,  Mass. ;  Chowan  Bap¬ 
tist  Female  Seminary,  Murfreesbor- 
ough,  N.  C. ;  Christian  Brothers’  Col- 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL — APPENDIX  K.  283 


Catalogues  of  Secondary  Schools— 
Continued. 

lege,  Memphis,  Tenn. ;  Cincinnati 
Wesleyan  College,  Cincinnati,  Ohio; 
Classical  School  for  Girls,  Indian¬ 
apolis,  Ind. ;  Claverack  College,  Clav- 
erack,  N.  Y. ;  Cleveland  College  for 
Women,  Cleveland,  Ohio;  Coe’s 
Northwood  Academy,  Northwood 
Centre,  N.  H. ;  College  and  Seminary 
for  Our  Lady  of  Angels,  Suspension 
Bridge,  N.  Y. ;  Collegiate  and  Poly¬ 
technic  Institute,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ; 
Columbia  Athenaeum,  Columbia, 
Tenn.;  Columbia  Female  Institute, 
Columbia,  S.  C.;  Columbia  Art 
School,  Columbus,  Ohio;  Davenport 
College,  Lenoir,  N.  C. ;  Dr.  Has- 
brook's  School,  Sing  Sing,  N.  Y. ;  Dr. 
Warring’s  School,  Poughkeepsie,  N. 
Y. ;  Drew  Ladies’  Seminary,  Carmel, 
N.  Y.;  Dummer  Academy,  South 
Byfield,  Mass.;  East  Florida  Semi¬ 
nary,  Gainesville,  Fla. ;  East  Green¬ 
wich  Academy,  East  Greenwich, 
R.  I. ;  Educational  Institute,  St. 
Louis,  Mo. ;  Edwards’  Academy, 
White  Pine,  Tenn.;  Emerson  Insti¬ 
tute,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Freehold 
Institute,  Freehold,  N.  J. ;  Friends’ 
School,  Providence,  R.  I.;  Gannett 
Institute  for  Young  Ladies,  Boston, 
Mass. ;  Glendale  Female  College, 
Glendale,  Ohio;  Goddard  Seminary, 
Barre,  Yt. ;  Graylock  Institute,  South 
Williamstown,  Mass.;  Greensbo- 
rough  Female  College,  Greensbo- 
rough,N.  C.;  Hannah  Moore  Acad¬ 
emy,  Baltimore,  Md. ;  Harkville  Col¬ 
lege,  Harkville,  Ind. ;  Hasbrook’s  In¬ 
stitute,  Jersey  City,  N.  J. ;  Hillsdale 
Seminary,  Bridgeport,  Conn. ;  How¬ 
ard  Female  College,  Gallatin,  Tenn. ; 
Huntsville  Female  College,  Hunts¬ 
ville,  Ala. ;  Indianapolis  Institute  for 
Young  Ladies,  Indianapolis,  Ind.; 
Institute  for  Training  Colored  Min¬ 
isters,  Tuscaloosa,  Ala. ;  Jacksonville 
Female  Academy,  Jacksonville,  Fla. ; 
Kemper  Hall,  Davenport,  Iowa; 
Lake  Erie  Seminary,  Painesville, 
Ohio;  Linsley  Institute,  Wheeling, 
W.  Va. ;  Logan  Female  College,  Rus¬ 
sellville,  Ky. ;  Lucy  Cobb  Institute, 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  7. 

Catalogues  of  Secondary  Schools— 
Continued. 

Athens,  Ga. ;  Marianna  Institute, 
Marianna,  Ark. ;  Marion  Female  Col¬ 
lege,  Marion,  Va. ;  Maryland  Insti¬ 
tute,  Baltimore,  Md. ;  Memphis  Con¬ 
ference  Female  Institute,  Jackson, 
Tenn. ;  Michigan  Female  Seminary, 
Kalamazoo,  Mich.;  Monson  Acad¬ 
emy,  Monson,  Mass.;  Montgomery 
Institute,  Montgomery,  Ala. ;  Mount 
Holyoke  College  and  Seminary, 
South  Hadley,  Mass.;  Mrs.  Ander¬ 
son’s  School,  Allegheny  City,  Pa.; 
Mrs.  Sylvanus  Reed’s  School,  New 
York  City;  New  Windsor  College, 
New  Windsor,  Md.;  Nichols  Latin 
School,  Lewiston,  Me.;  Norfolk 
Academy,  Norfolk,  Ya. ;  North  field 
Seminary,  North  field,  Mass. ; 
Ogontz  School  for  Young  La¬ 
dies,  Ogontz,  Pa. ;  Parkersburgh 
Seminary,  W.  Va. ;  Peddie  Institute, 
Hightstown,  N.  J. ;  Peekskill  Acad¬ 
emy,  Peekskill,  N.  Y. ;  Pennel  Insti¬ 
tute,  Gray,  Me.;  Pennington  Semi¬ 
nary,  Pennington,  N.  J. ;  Pennsylva¬ 
nia  Military  Academy,  Chester,  Pa. ; 
Philadelphia  School  of  Design,  Phil¬ 
adelphia,  Pa. ;  Pittsburgh  School  of 
Design,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.;  Pittsburgh 
Female  College,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. ; 
Richmond  Female  Institute,  Rich¬ 
mond,  Ya. :  Riverview  Academy, 
Poughkeepsie,  N. Y. ;  Rockford  Semi¬ 
nary,  Rockford.  Ill.  ;  St.  Agnes  School, 
Albany,  N.  Y. ;  St.  John’s  Academy, 
Indianapolis,  Ind.;  St.  Katherine’s 
Hall,  Davenport,  Iowa;  St.  Louis 
Seminary,  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  St.  Mark’s 
School,  Southborough,  Mass.;  St. 
Mary’s  Hall,  Burlington,  N.  J. ;  St. 
Stanislaus  Commercial  College,  Bay 
St.  Louis,  Miss.;  Schaeffer,  Prof.  C. 
C.,  Philadelphia.  Pa.;  Scotia  Semi¬ 
nary,  Concord,  N.  H. ;  Selwyn  Hall, 
Reading,  Pa. ;  Seminary  West  of  the 
Suwannee  River,  Tallahassee,  Fla.; 
Seymour  Smith  Institute,  Pine 
Plains,  N.  Y. ;  Seven  Islands  School, 
Buckingham  County,  Va.;  Shorter 
College,  Rome,  Ga. ;  Sinclair’s  Pre¬ 
paratory  School,  Newburgh,  N.  Y. ; 
Southern  Female  College,  Peters- 


284 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  7. 

Catalogues  of  Secondary  Schools— 
Continued. 

burgh,  Va. ;  Stamford  Seminary, 
Stamford,  N.  Y. ;  Temple  Grove  Sem¬ 
inary,  Saratoga,  N.  Y. ;  Thayer  Acad¬ 
emy,  Braintree,  Mass. ;  The  Hill 
School,  Pottstown,  Pa. ;  the  Packer 
Collegiate  Institute,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ; 
Tuscaloosa  Female  College,  Tusca¬ 
loosa,  Ala.;  Union  Female  College, 
Oxford, Miss. ;  Union  School, Coopers- 
town,  N.  Y. ;  University  of  Cincin¬ 
nati,  Academic  Department,  Cincin¬ 
nati,  O. ;  Van  Norman  Institute,  New 
York  City;  Virginia  Military  Insti¬ 
tute,  Lexington,  Va.;  Warsaw  Union 
School,  Warsaw,  N.  Y. ;  Wesleyan 
Academy,  Wilbraham,  Mass. ;  Wes¬ 
leyan  Female  College,  Macon,  Ga.; 
Wentworth  Academy,  Lexington, 
Mo.;  Westchester  County  Institute, 
Peekskill,  N.  Y. ;  Westminster  Sem¬ 
inary,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. ;  Westtown 
School,  Westtown,  Pa.;  Wheaton 
Female  College,  Norton,  Mass. ;  Wil- 
liamston  Female  College,  Williams- 
ton,  S.  C. ;  Wo’f  Hall,  Denver,  Colo. 

Chautauqua  Association,  Chautauqua, 
N.  Y.  (See  Class  6.) 

Cold  water  (Mich.)  Public  Schools. 
(See  Class  6.) 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
California.  (See  Class  6.) 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
Iowa.  (See  Class  6.) 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
Massachusetts,  Boston,  Mass. 

Annual  reports. 

Dummer  Academy,  South  Byfield,  Mass., 
John  W.  Perkins,  A.  M. ,  principal. 

Pamphlet  on  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
fifth  anniversary  ;  catalogues; 
pamphlet  on  dedication  ;  photo-  ! 
graphs  of  polo  and  base  ball  clubs 
and  of  new  dormitory. 

East  Florida  Seminary,  Gainesville,  j 
Fla. 

Twenty-three  plates  of  free-hand  draw-  ! 
ing  and  six  photographs  of  buildings  J 
and  students. 

Galveston  (Tex.)  Public  Schools.  (See 
Class  6.) 

Ginn  &  Co.,  New  York,  Boston,  and  Chi¬ 
cago.  (808). 

Text-books  for  secondary  instruction. 


Goddard  Seminary,  Barnet,  Vt. 

Portfolio  containing  chart  of  studies  ; 
forms  ;  catalogues  ;  account  books  ; 
writing  books  ;  sketches,  and  photo¬ 
graphs. 

Harwood  Manufacturing  Company, 
Boston,  Mass.  (See  Class  6.) 

Heath,  D.  C.  &  Co.,  5  Somerset  st.,  Bos¬ 
ton,  Mass.  (270.) 

School  and  college  text-books ;  small 
maps  and  charts  ;  astronomical  lan¬ 
tern  ;  number  tablet,  etc. 

Howard  Female  College,  Gallatin, 
Tenn. ,  A.  M.  Barney,  president. 

One  portfolio  of  views  ;  catalogue ; 
blanks  ;  students’  work,  etc. 

Institute  for  Training  Colored  Min¬ 
isters,  Tuscaloosa,  Ala. 

Course  of  study  and  photograph  of 
students. 

Lake  Erie  Seminary,  Painsville,  Ohio, 
Miss  Mary  Evans,  president. 

Two  volumes  of  choral  music  ;  one  vol¬ 
ume  of  photographs  ;  catalogues  ; 
topic  papers  and  forms  ;  fifty-seven 
plates  of  drawings. 

Michigan  Female  Seminary,  Kalama¬ 
zoo,  Mich.,  Antoinette  Bryant, 
principal. 

A  catalogue  ;  pamphlets  and  students’ 
drawings ;  copies  of  the  Michigan 
Seminary  notes. 

Mount  Holyoke  College  and  Sem¬ 
inary,  South  Hadley,  Mass. ,  Miss  E. 
Blanchard,  president. 

Pamphlet  on  semi-centennial  celebra¬ 
tion  and  history  of  Mount  Holyoke 
Seminary  ;  catalogues  1887  to  1889  ; 
photographs,  etc. 

Moline  (III.)  Public  Schools.  (See 
Class  6.) 

Ogontz  School  for  Young  Ladies, 
Ogontz,  Pa. 

Two  portfolios  containing  photographs 
and  blanks,  and  a  bound  volume  of 
Ogontz  Mosaic. 

Philadelphia  Seminary,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Three  pen  drawings  ;  exercises  in 
history. 

Pittsburgh  (Pa.  )  Public  Schools.  (See 
Class  6.) 

St.  Stanislaus  Commercial  College, 
Bay  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Brother  Osmond, 
president. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  285 


St.  Stanislaus  Commercial  College— 
Continued. 

Students’  work  ;  portfolios  ;  specimens 
of  book-keeping  and  penmanship  ; 
plan  of  college;  map  of  Bay  St.  Louis 
and  course  of  study;  specimens  of 
drawing;  photographs  of  students 
and  buildings. 

Schaffer,  Prof.  C.  C. ,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
(818). 

Charts  for  instructing  in  languages 
and  literature. 

Stamford  Seminary,  Stamford,  N.  Y., 
F.  M.  Smith,  principal. 

A  manuscript  for  a  new  text-book  on 
geometry  by  F.  M.  Smith;  photo¬ 
graphs  of  classes  and  catalogues. 

Van  Norman  Institute,  New  York 
City,  Madame  Van  Norman,  prin¬ 
cipal. 

One  portfolio  containing  catalogues, 
photographs,  statistics,  and  blanks; 
complete  French  class  book  by  Rev. 
D.  C.  Van  Norman;  three  volumes 
of  boiler,  pump,  and  steam-engine 
catechism  by  R.  Grimshaw,  Ph.  D. ; 
two  volumes  of  practical  training, 
by  R.  Grimshaw,  Ph.  D. 

Ward,  Dr.  R.  H.,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

Botanical  class  book. 

Westtown  School.  Westtown,  Pa. 

History  published  in  1888;  lithographs, 
and  a  programme  of  studies. 

Class  8.— Organization— Methods  and 

Appliances  for  Higher  Instruc¬ 
tion. 

Albany  Medical  College,  Albany, 
N.Y. 

Twenty-four  pamphlets;  catalogues, 
lectures,  and  alumni  proceedings. 

American  Antiquarian  Society,  Wor¬ 
cester,  Mass. 

Catalogue  for  1836;  index  from  1812 
to  1880,  and  four  volumes  of  NewT 
Series  papers. 

American  Historical  Association, 
New  York  City. 

Volume  2  of  the  papers  of  the  associa¬ 
tion. 

American  Institute  of  Electrical 
Engineers,  New  York  City. 

Bound  volumes  and  current  numbers 
of  the  transactions  of  the  Institute. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  8. 

American  School  at  Athens,  Greece. 

Reports. 

American  Museum  of  Natural  His¬ 
tory,  New  York  City. 

One  volume  of  the  Bulletin  of  the 
American  Museum  of  Natural  His¬ 
tory,  and  one  volume  'of  annual  re¬ 
ports. 

American  Numismatic  and  Archaeo¬ 
logical  Society,  New  York  City. 

Constitution  and  by-laws;  four  vol¬ 
umes  of  proceedings;  catalogue  of 
library. 

Amherst  College,  Amherst,  Mass.  Rev. 
Julius  H.  Seeley,  D.  D.,  LL.  D.,  pres¬ 
ident. 

Photographs  ;  catalogues  1884  to  1889, 
inclusive ;  2  volumes  on  physical 
culture  ;  Tyler’s  history  of  the  first 
half  century  of  Amherst ;  Hitch¬ 
cock’s  Reminiscences;  Cutting’s  Stu¬ 
dent’s  Life;  the  president’s  inaugural 
and  valedictory  addresses ;  com¬ 
memorative  addresses ;  historical 
addresses  and  papers ;  biographical 
record  of  the  alumni  from  1821  to 
1871;  exercises  of  semi-centennial ; 
triennial  catalogue  and  examinations 
for  admission. 

Berea  College,  Berea,  Ky.,  Rev.  E.  H. . 
Fairchild,  president. 

History  of  Berea  College.  Catalogues, 
1887-89. 

Boston  University,  Boston,  Mass., 
W.  F.  Warren,  LL.  D. ,  president. 

Annual  report  of  the  president;  cat¬ 
alogues. 

Brown  University,  Providence,  R.  1., 
Rev.  E.  G.  Robinson,  D.  D.,  LL.  D., 
president. 

Report  of  the  president;  catalogue 
and  list  of  students  and  alumni; 
text-books  and  publications  by 
Profs.  J.  J.  Jameson  and  A.  S.  Pack¬ 
ard,  of  the  faculty. 

Bureau  of  Ethnology,  Washington, 
D.C. 

Reports. 

Bureau  of  Education,  Washington, 
D.  C.  (See  Class  7.) 

Buffalo  Historical  Society,  Buffalo, 
N.Y. 

Volumes  I  and  II  of  the  publications 
of  the  society,  reports,  and  addresses. 


286 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  8. 

Carleton  College,  Northfield,  Minn., 
Rev.  James  W.  Strong,  D.D.,  presi¬ 
dent. 

A  history  of  the  college,  catalogues, 
circulars,  views  of  buildings,  state¬ 
ment  of  course  of  study,  and  a  map 
of  Northfield.  Copies  of  the  Carle- 
tonian. 

Chicago  Historical  Society,  Chicago, 
Ill.  The  constitution  and  by-laws 
and  a  list  of  members. 

Chicago  Homeopathic  Medical  Col¬ 
lege,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Three  volumes  of  text-books. 

Chicago  Law  Institute  Library,  Chi¬ 
cago,  Ill. ,  Julius  Rosenthal,  librarian. 

The  catalogue  of  books  and  a  supple¬ 
ment,  and  the  rules  and  reports. 
College  and  University  Catalogues. 

Collective  exhibit  from  Adelbert  Col¬ 
lege,  Cleveland,  Ohio ;  Allegheny 
College,  Meadville,  Pa. ;  Albion  Col¬ 
lege,  Albion,  Mich.;  Amherst  Col¬ 
lege,  Amherst,  Mass.;  Amity  Col¬ 
lege,  College  Springs,  Iowa;  Antioch 
College,  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio;  At¬ 
lanta  University,  Atlanta,  Ga. ; 
Baker  University,  Baldwin,  Kans.; 
Baldwin  University,  Berea,  Ohio; 
Bates  College,  Lewiston,  Me.;  Bat¬ 
tle  Creek  College,  Battle  Creek, 
Mich.;  Baylor  College,  Belton,  Tex,; 
Berea  College,  Berea,  Ky.;  Bethany 
College,  Bethany,  W.  Va.;  Bethel 
College,  Russellville,  Ky.;  Boston 
College,  Boston,  Mass.;  Boston  Uni¬ 
versity,  Boston.  Mass.  ;  Bowdoin 
University,  Brunswick,  Me.;  Brown 
University,  Providence,  R.  I. ;  Buch- 
tel  College,  Akron,  Ohio ;  Butler 
University,  Irvington,  Ind.  ;  Can- 
lsius  College,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ;  Carle- 
ton  College,  Northfield,  Minn.  ; 
Carthage  College,  Carthage,  Ill.; 
Central  College,  Fayette,  Mo.;  Cen¬ 
tral  College  of  Kentucky,  Danville, 
Ky.;  Central  University  of  Iowa, 
Pella,  Iowa;  Chaddock  College, 
Quincy,  Ill. ;  ChattanoogaUni  versify, 
Chattanooga,  Tenn. ;  Christian  Uni¬ 
versity,  Canton,  Mo. ;  Claflin  Univer¬ 
sity,  Orangeburg,  S.  C. ;  Colby  Uni¬ 
versity,  Water  ville,  Me.;  College  of 
Emporia,  Emporia,  Kan. ;  College  of 


College  and  University  Cata¬ 
logues — Continued. 

New  Jersey,  Princeton,  N.  J. ;  College 
of  the  City  of  New  York,  New  York 
City;  Columbian  University,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C. ;  Cornell  College,  Mt. 
Vernon,  Iowa  ;  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y. ;  Creighton  College, 
Omaha,  Neb.;  Cumberland  Univer¬ 
sity,  Lebanon,  Tenn. ;  Curry  Univer¬ 
sity,  Pittston,  Pa. ;  Dartmouth  Col¬ 
lege,  Hanover,  N.  H. ;  Davidson  Col¬ 
lege,  Davidson  College,  N.  C.;  Del¬ 
aware  College,  Newark,  N.  J. ;  Den¬ 
ison  University,  Denison,  Texas; 
De  Pauw  University,  Greencastle, 
Ind.;  Doane  College,  Crete,  Neb.; 
Drury  College,  Springfield,  Mo.  ; 
Earlham  College,  Richmond,  Ind.; 
Eden  College,  St.  Louis,  Mo. ;  Emory 
College,  Oxford,  Ga. ;  Emory  and 
Henry  College,  Emory,  Va.;  Erskine 
College,  Due  West,  S.  C. ;  Eureka 
College,  Eureka,  Ill. ;  Ewing  College 
Ewing,  Ill.;  Franklin  College,  Frank¬ 
lin,  Ind.;  Franklin  College,  New 
Athens,  Ohio;  Georgetown  College, 
Georgetown,  Ky. ;  Georgetown  Uni¬ 
versity,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Geneva 
College,  Beaver  Falls,  Pa,;  German- 
English  College,  Galena,  Ill. ;  Grand 
Traverse  College,  Benzonia,  Mich.; 
Grant  Memorial  University,  Athens, 
Tenn. ;  Griswold  College,  Davenport, 
Iowa ;  Grove  City  College,  Mercer 
County,  Pa.  ;  Hamilton  College, 
Clinton,  N.  Y. ;  Hampden  Sidney 
College,  Hampden  Sidney,  V  a .  ; 
Hanover  College,  Hanover,  Ind. ; 
Hartsville  College,  Hartsville,  Ind.; 
Haverford  College,  Montgomery 
County,  Pa.;  Hedding  College, 
Abingdon,  Ill.;  Heidelberg  College, 
Tiffin,  Ohio ;  Highland  University, 
Highland,  Kan.;  Hiram  College, 
Hiram,  Ohio ;  Hiwassee  College, 
Hiwassee,  Tenn.;  Howard  Univer¬ 
sity,  Washington,  D.C. ;  Indiana  Uni¬ 
versity,  Bloomington,  Ind.;  Iowa 
College,  Grinnell,  Iowa  ;  Iowa  State 
University,  Iowa  City,  Iowa  ;  Iowa 
Wesleyan  University,  Mt.  Pleasant, 
Iowa;  Keachie  College,  Keachie,  La. ; 
Kentucky  University,  Lexington, 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  287 


College  and  University  Cata¬ 
logues — Continued. 

Ky. ;  Knox  College,  Galesburg,  Ill.; 
Lafayette  College,  Easton,  Pa. ;  Lake 
Forest  University,  Lake  Forest,  Ill. ; 
Lane  University,  Lecompton,  Kan. ; 
La  Salle  College,  Philadelphia,  Pa. ; 
Lebanon  Valley  College,  Annville, 
Pa. ;  Lehigh  University,  South  Beth¬ 
lehem,  Pa.;  Lombard  University, 
Galesburgli,  Ill.;  Luther  College, 
Decorah,  Iowa  ;  Madison  University, 
Hamilton,  N.  Y. ;  Manhattan  Col¬ 
lege,  New  Yrork  City;  Marietta  Col¬ 
lege,  Marietta,  Ohio ;  Middlebury 
College,  Middlebury,  Vt. ;  Mississippi 
College,  Clinton,  Miss. ;  Mt.  Holyoke 
Seminary,  South  Hadley,  Mass. ;  Mt. 
St.  Mary’s  College,  Emmitsburg, 
Md.  ;  Muhlenburg  College,  Allen¬ 
town,  Pa. ;  Muskingum  College,  New 
Concord,  Ohio ;  Nebraska  Central 
College,  Central  City,  Neb.;  Nevada 
State  University,  Reno,  Nev. ;  New 
Orleans  University,  New  Orleans, 
La.;  New  Windsor  College,  New 
Windsor,  Md. ;  Niagara  University, 
Buffalo  Law  School,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. ; 
Northwestern  College,  Napierville, 
Ill.;  Northwestern  University,  Ev- 
anstown,Ill. ;  Oberlin  College, Hiram, 
Ohio;  Ogden  College,  Bowling 
Green,  Ky. ;  Ohio  State  University, 
Columbus,  Ohio  ;  Ohio  University, 
Athens,  Ohio;  Ohio  Wesleyan  Uni¬ 
versity,  Delaware,  Ohio;  Olivet  Col¬ 
lege,  Olivet,  Mich.:  Oskaloosa  Col¬ 
lege,  Oskaloosa,  Iowa  ;  Ottawa  Uni¬ 
versity,  Ottawa,  Kan.;  Otterbein 
University,  Westerville,  Ohio  ;  Pa¬ 
cific  Methodist  College,  Santa  Rosa, 
Cal. ;  Parsons  College, Fairfield, Iowa; 
Pennsylvania  College,  Gettysburgli, 
Pa. ;  Philander  Smith  College,  Little 
Rock,  Ark.;  Purdue  University,  La 
Fayette,  Ind. ;  Racine  College,  Ra¬ 
cine,  Wis. ;  Roanoke  College,  Salem, 
Va. ;  Roger  Williams  University, 
Nashville,  Tenn. ;  Rollins  College, 
Winter  Park,  Fla. ;  Rose  Polytechnic 
Institute,  Terre  Haute,  Ind.  ;  Rust 
University,  Holly  Springs,  Miss. ; 
Rutgers  College,  New  Brunswick, 
N.  J.;  Santa  Clara  College,  Santa 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  8. 

College  and  University  Cata¬ 
logues—  Continued. 

Clara,  Cal. ;  St.  Charles  College,  Elli- 
cott,  Md. ;  St.  Francis  Solanus  Col¬ 
lege,  Chicago,  Ill. ;  St.  Ignatius  Col¬ 
lege,  San  Francisco,  Cal. ;  St.  John’s 
College,  Annapolis,  Md'. ;  St.  Joseph’s 
Diocesan  College,  Tentopolis,  Ill.; 
St.  Lawrence  University,  Canton,  N. 
J.  ;  St.  Mary’s  College,  Marion 
County,  Ky. ;  St.  Meinrad’s  College 
and  Ecclesiastical  Seminary,  S  t . 
Meinrad,  Ind. ;  St.  Stephen’s  College, 
Annandale,  N.  Y. ;  St.  Viateur’s  Col¬ 
lege,  Westmoreland  County,  Pa.  ; 
San  Joaquin  Valley  College,  Wood- 
bridge,  Cal. ;  Scio  College,  Scio,  Ohio; 
Searcy  College,  Searcy,  Ark.;  Shaw 
University,  Reaghi.  N.  C. ;  Shurtleff 
College,  Upper  Alton,  Ill. ;  Simpson 
College,  Inaianola,  Iowa  ;  Society  for 
the  Collegiate  Instruction  of  Women, 
Harvard  University,  Cambridge, 
Mass,  r  South  Kentucky  College,  Hop¬ 
kinsville,  Ky.;  Southwestern  Uni¬ 
versity,  Georgetown,  Tex.;  Spring 
Hill  College,  near  Mobile,  Ala.  ; 
Straight  University,  New  Orleans, 
La.;  Swarthmore  College,  Swarth- 
more,  Pa.  ;  Syracuse  University, 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. ;  Tabor  College,  Ta¬ 
bor,  Iowa  ;  Thiel  College,  Greenville, 
Pa.;  Trinity  College,  Randolph,  N. 
C. ;  Tufts  College,  College  Hill,  Mass. ; 
Tulane  University  of  Louisiana, New 
Orleans,  La.;  Union  Christian  Col¬ 
lege,  Merom,  Ind.;  Union  Univer¬ 
sity,  Albany  and  Schenectady,  N.  Y. ; 
University  of  California,  Berkeley, 
Cal. ;  University  of  Cincinnati,  Cin¬ 
cinnati,  Ohio;  University  of  the  City 
of  New  York,  New  York  City;  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Dakota,  Vermillion,  Dak. ; 
Universitv  of  Des  Moines,  Des 
Moines,  Iowa;  University  of  Georgia, 
Athens,  Ga. ;  University  of  Illinois, 
Urbana,  Ill. ;  University  of  Kansas, 
Lawrence,  Kan.;  University  of 
Michigan,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.;  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Missouri,  Columbia,  Mo. ; 
University  of  North  Dakota,  Grand 
Forks,  N.  Dak. ;  University  of  Notre 
Dame,  Notre  Dame,  Ind.  ;  Univer¬ 
sity  of  Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia, 


288 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  8. 

College  and  University  Cata¬ 
logues — Continued. 

Pa. ;  University  of  Rochester,  Roch¬ 
ester,  N.  Y. ;  University  of  the  South, 
Sewanee,Tenn. ;  University  of  Texas, 
Austin,  Tex.;  University  of  Ver¬ 
mont  and  State  Agricultural  College, 
Burlington,  Vt. ;  University  of  Vir¬ 
ginia,  University  of  Virginia,  Va. ; 
University  of  West  Virginia,  Mor¬ 
gantown,  W.  Va.;  Western  Reserve 
University,  Cleveland,  Ohio ;  Uni¬ 
versity  of  Wisconsin,  Madison,  Wis. ; 
University  o  f  Wooster,  Wooster, 
Ohio  ;  Upper  Iowa  University,  Fay¬ 
ette,  Iowa  ;  Ursinus  College,  College- 
ville,  Pa.;  Vassar  College,  Pough¬ 
keepsie,  N.  Y. ;  Villa  Nova  College, 
Delaware  County,  Pa. ;  Wabash  Col¬ 
lege,  Crawfordsville,  Ind.  ;  Wash¬ 
burn  College,  Topeka,  Kan. ;  Wash¬ 
ington  and  Lee  University,  Lexing¬ 
ton,  Va. ;  Washington  University, 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  ;  Wellesley  College, 
Wellesley,  Mass. ;  Wesleyan  Univer¬ 
sity,  Middletown,  Conn. ;  Western 
College,  Toledo,  Iowa  ;  Wettenburg 
College,  Springfield,  Ohio  ;  Wheaton 
College,  Wheaton,  Ill.;  Wilberforce 
University,  Xenia,  Greene  County, 
Ohio  ;  Wm.  Jewell  College,  Liberty, 
Mo.;  Wofford  College,  Spartanburg, 
S.  C. ;  Yale  University,  New  Haven, 
Conn. 

College  of  New  Jersey,  Princeton, 
N.  J.,  Rev.  James  McCosh,  D.  D., 
L.  H.  D.,  LL.  D.,  president. 

Catalogue  for  1888-’89. 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  Md. 

Photographs  of  senior  and  junior 
classes;  4  volumes  of  text-books,  and 
20  monographs  by  members  of  the 
faculty. 

College  of  Physicians,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  Charles  P.  Fisher,  librarian. 

Transactions,  charter,  by-laws,  etc. 

Cope,  E/D.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (744) 

Plaster  relief  casts  of  two  species  of 
extinct  mammals  of  the  age  of  the 
Lower  Eocene. 

Phenacodus  Venticolum  Cope. 

Styracotherum  Venticolum,  Cope. 


Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y., 

C.  R.  Adams,  LL.  D.,  president. 

Annual  registers,  1887-89 ;  photo¬ 
graphs  of  university  buildings  and 
grounds. 

Dartmouth  College,  Hanover,  N.  H., 
Rev.  Samuel  C.  Bartlett,  D.  D. ,  LL. 

D. ,  president. 

Bound  volumes  and  current  numbers 
of  the  college  periodicals,  Dartmouth 
Lyrics,  A3gis,  Dartmouth  Literary 
Monthly,  and  The  Dartmouth;  illus¬ 
trated  book  called  Dartmouth  and 
Vicinity;  photographs  of  buildings, 
glee  clubs,  athletic  clubs,  and  edi¬ 
torial  boards;  catalogue. 

Davenport  Academy  of  Natural  Sci¬ 
ence,  Davenport,  Iowa. 

Five  volumes  of  Proceedings. 

De  Pauw  University,  Greencastle,  Ind. , 
Bishop  Thomas  Bowman,  D.  D., 
LL.  D.,  president. 

Two  volumes  of  catalogues,  1874-88, 
inclusive;  one  portfolio  of  views, 
etc. 

Doane  College,  Crete,  Neb.,  Rev.  David 
B.  Perry,  A.  M..  president. 

Annual  catalogue,  1887-’88;  maps  of 
Crete. 

Eclectic  Medical  College,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  John  M.  Scudder,  M.  D.,  pres¬ 
ident. 

Sixteen  volumes  of  works  by  the  fac¬ 
ulty;  current  numbers  of  the  Eclec¬ 
tic  Medical  Journal;  catalogues  of 
the  institution. 

Engineers  Club  of  Philadelphia, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

The  constitution,  by-laws,  and  list  of 
members,  and  current  numbers  of 
the  Proceedings. 

Harvard  Medical  School,  Boston, 
Mass.,  H.  P.  Bowditch,  M.  D.,  dean. 

Medical  publications  1887,  100th  anni¬ 
versary  of  founding;  courses  for 
graduates  and  classes;  catalogue 
1887-’88. 

Haverford  College,  Montgomery  Co., 
Pa.,  Isaac  Sharpless,  LL.  D.,  presi¬ 
dent. 

Three  photographs  and  two  catalogues; 
text-books. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  289 


Heidleberg  College,  Tiffin,  Ohio,  Rev. 
George  W.  Willard,  D.  D. ,  president. 

A  history  of  the  college;  six  volumes, 
written  by  members  of  the  faculty ; 
a  chart  showing  the  hours  devoted 
to  each  study  by  the  classes;  six 
photographs. 

Historical  Society  of  Delaware, 
Wilmington,  Delaware. 

One  volume  papers  of  the  Society; 
one  volume  description  of  Wilming¬ 
ton,  Del. 

Historical  Society  of  Montana,  Hel¬ 
ena,  Mont. 

Annual  report  of  the  librarian,  and  a 
catalogue  of  the  law  library;  annual 
report  for  1888  of  the  superintendent 
of  public  instruction;  a  copy  each 
of  the  Heart  of  the  Continent,  Great 
Falls  Tribune,  West  Shore,  and  a 
map  of  the  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis 
&  Manitoba  Railroad. 

Homeopathic  Medical  College,  Chi¬ 
cago,  Ill.,  J.  R.  Kippax,  M.  D.,  sec¬ 
retary. 

Announcement  for  1888-’89,  and  text¬ 
books  by  Professors  John  S.  Kipper 
and  E.  H.  Pratt. 

Indiana  State  Medical  Society,  In¬ 
dianapolis,  Ind. 

Four  volumes  of  Transactions. 

Johns  Hopkins  University,  Baltimore, 
Md. 

Three  sets  of  photographs  of  the  nor¬ 
mal  sun  spectrum;  four  photographs 
of  the  carbon  spectrum;  twelve  neg¬ 
atives  of  the  spectrum;  four  gratings 
by  Rowland,  and  publications  of  the 
University. 

Kentucky  University,  Lexington,  Ky., 
Charles  Louis  Loos,  president. 

A  portfolio  containing  photographs, 
catalogues,  and  blanks  of  adminis¬ 
tration  of  the  College  of  Liberal 
Arts. 

Lafayette  College,  Easton,  Pa., Rev. 
James  H.  Mason  Knox,  D.D.,  LL.  D., 
president. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Lafayette,  and 
one  volume  of  The  Melange;  stu¬ 
dents’  publications,  and  six  photo¬ 
graphs;  illustrated  descriptive  pam¬ 
phlet;  annual  catalogue,  1 887-’ 89; 
examination  questions. 

H.  Ex.  410 - 19 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  8. 

Lehigh  University,  South  Bethlehem, 
Pa.,  Robert  A.  Lamburton,  LL.D., 
president. 

The  Lehigh  Burr,  published  by  the 
students  ;  twenty-five  photographs 
of  building,  faculty,  and  students, 
and  catalogues. 

Lick  Observatory,  Mount  Hamilton, 
California. 

Thirty-two  photographs  of  the  observ¬ 
atory,  telescope,  and  moon. 

|  Lutheran  Theological  Seminary, 
Gettysburg,  Pa. 

Three  frames  of  photographs,  charts, 
etc. 

Massachusetts  College  of  Phar¬ 
macy,  Boston,  Mass.,  Charles  C. 
Williams,  Pli.  D.,  M.  D.,  secretary. 

The  course  of  study;  a  portfolio  of 
views  of  the  college  and  students; 
students’  works — box  of  pharma¬ 
ceutics  prepared  by  them. 

Master  Car  Builders’  Association, 
New  York  City. 

Eight  volumes  of  annual  reports;  five 
volumes  of  reports  of  conventions. 

Medical  College  of  Virginia,  Rich¬ 
mond,  Va.,  J.  S.  D.  Cullen,  M.  D., 
dean. 

Annual  catalogue,  1 887-’ 88 ;  list  of 
graduates. 

Medical  School  Catalogues. 

Collective  exhibit  from  Albany  College 
of  Pharmacy,  Albany,  N.Y.  ;  Albany 
Medical  College,  Albany,  N.  Y.  ;  Bal¬ 
timore  Medical  College,  Baltimore, 
Md.  ;  Chicago  College  of  Dental 
Surgery,  Chicago,  Ill.  ;  Chicago 
Homeopathic  Medical  College,  Chi¬ 
cago,  Ill.  ;  College  of  Pharmacy  of 
the  City  of  New  York,  New  York  ; 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 
Baltimore,  Md.  ;  Eclectic  Medical 
College,  Cincinnati,  Ohio ;  Hahne¬ 
mann  Hospital  College,  San  Fran¬ 
cisco,  Cal. ;  Hahnemann  Medical  Col¬ 
lege  and  Hospital,  Philadelphia,  Pa. ; 
Harvard  Medical  College,  Boston, 
Mass.  ;  Leonard  Medical  College, 
Raleigh,  N.  C.  ;  Massachusetts  Col¬ 
lege  of  Pharmacy,  Boston,  Mass.  ; 
Medical  College  of  Virginia,  Rich¬ 
mond,  Va.  ;  New  York  College  of 
Dentistry,  New  York  City ;  New 


290 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OE  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  8. 

Medical  School  Catalogues— Confd. 
York  College  of  Veterinary  Sur¬ 
gery,  New  York  City  ;  New  York 
Homeopathic  Medical  School,  New 
York  City  ;  New  York  Polyclinic, 
New  York  City  ;  New  York  Post¬ 
graduate  Medical  School,  New  York 
City  ;  Philadelphia  College  of  Phar¬ 
macy,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ;  Philadel¬ 
phia  Polyclinic,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  ; 
St.  Louis  Medical  School,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  ;  School  of  Pharmacy,  Purdue 
University,  Lafayette,  Ind. 

Medical  Society  of  Kings  County, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

Eight  volumes  of  the  Proceedings  of 
the  society  and  two  volumes  of  the 
medical  journal  published  by  the 
society. 

Mount  Holyoke  College  and  Semi¬ 
nary,  South  Hadley,  Mass.,  Miss  E. 
Blanchard,  president. 

Pamphlet  on  semi-centennial  celebra¬ 
tion  and  history  of  Mount  Holyoke 
Seminary  ;  catalogues  1887  to  ’89  ; 
photographs,  etc. 

National  Law  School,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Reports. 

New  Haven  Historical  Society,  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

Four  volumes  of  papers  of  the  society. 

New  York  Academy  of  Medicine,  New 
York  City. 

Five  volumes  of  the  Transactions  of  the 
academy  and  a  catalogue  of  books 
in  the  library. 

New  York  Hospital  Library,  New 
York  City,  John  L.  Vandervoort, 
M.  D.,  Librarian. 

Charter,  etc ;  catalogue  of  books ; 
one  hundred  and  seventeenth  annual 
report. 

New  York  Medical  Association,  New 
York. 

Four  volumes  of  Transactions. 

New  York  Polyclinic,  New  York  City. 

Ten  photographs,  and  order  of  clinics 
for  1888-89. 

Northwestern  University,  Evanston, 
Ill.,  Rev.  Joseph  Cummings,  D.  D., 
LL.  D.,  president. 

Annual  catalogues,  1888-89  ;  blanks 


Northwestern  University— Confd 
used  in  making  reports,  etc. ;  map  of 
town  showing  location  of  buildings; 
circulars ;  syllabus. 

Parks,  C.  Welmann,  Rensselaer  Poly¬ 
technic  Institute,  Troy,  N.  Y.  (299.) 

A  statistical  chart  of  universities,  col¬ 
leges,  science  schools,  and  institu¬ 
tions  for  the  superior  instruction  of 
woman  ;  an  exhibit  of  periodicals 
published  by  students  ;  map  of  the 
United  States,  showing  the  location 
of  public  institutions  and  railroads. 

Parks,  M.  B.,  Troy,  N.  Y.  (771.) 

Books,  pamphlets,  etc.  Publications 
of  the  King’s  Daughters. 

Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

A  chart  showing  plans  and  views  of 
buildings,  number  of  instructors  and 
students,  courses  of  lectures  ;  fifteen 
text  books,  and  catalogues. 

Regents  of  the  University  of  the 
State  of  New  York,  Albany,  N.  Y. 
Eighteen  volumes  of  regents’  re¬ 
ports,  1871  to  1888  ;  sixteen  vol¬ 
umes  of  convocation  proceedings, 
1872-1888  ;  seventeen  volumes  State 
museum  reports,  1867-1887 ;  three 
volumes  of  library  reports,  1878-1888; 
one  volume  historical  and  statistical 
record,  1784-1884 ;  two  volumes  of 
schedules,  1882-1884,  and  1885-1887  ; 
two  volumes  index  to  periodicals, 
1887-1888. 

Rensselaer  Society  of  Engineers, 
Troy,  N.  Y. 

Three  volumes  of  papers  of  the  society. 

Rhode  Island  Hospital  Library,  Prov¬ 
idence,  R.  I.,  G.  L.  Collins,  M.  D., 
librarian. 

Two  annual  reports  and  the  rules  and 
regulations. 

Rud\t,  Charles,  Paris,  France.  (854.) 

Text-books  showing  a  new  method  of 
teaching  the  Chinese  mandarin  lan¬ 
guages  and  other  language  courses. 

St.  John’s  College,  Annapolis,  Md., 
Thomas  Fell,  A.M.,  acting  president. 

A  portfolio  of  views  the  college  ;  the 
course  of  study  ;  the  annual  cata¬ 
logue  for  1888-89. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  291 


St.  Joseph  Diocesan  College,  Tentop- 
olis,  Ill.,  Rev.  P.  Michael  Richardt, 
O.  S.  F. ,  president. 

Photographs  of  faculty  and  classes  ; 
blanks  and  catalogues. 

St.  Stephen’s  College,  Annandale, 
N.  Y.,  Rev.  R.  B.  Fairbairn,  D.  D., 
LL.  D.,  president. 

Seven  photographs  of  buildings  and 
students,  address  at  twenty-fifth  an¬ 
niversary,  and  proceedings  at  the 
laying  of  the  corner-stone;  rules,  reg¬ 
ulations,  reports  and  catalogues — 
four  volumes;  college  sermons  by  R. 
B.  Fairbairn:  on  Morality  by  R.  B.  I 
Fairbairn;  on  Revelation  by  W.  W.  j 
Olsen;  on  Personality  by  W.  W.  Ol¬ 
sen;  current  numbers  of  the  Church-  i 
man. 

Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Reports,  etc. 

Society  for  the  Collegiate  Instruc¬ 
tion  of  Women,  Harvard  Univer¬ 
sity,  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Reports  of  treasurer  and  secretary, 
contributions,  catalogues,  and  blanks 
of  administration. 

Swarthmore  College,  Swarthmore, 
Pa.,  Edward  H.  Magill,  LL.  D.,  pres¬ 
ident. 

Annual  Catalogue,  1888-89;  current 
numbers  of  Swarthmore  Phoenix, 
and  information  regarding  athletics  J 
in  the  college. 

The  Southern  Historical  Society, 
Richmond,  Ya. 

Yol.  XY  of  the  papers  of  the  society 
and  circulars. 

Theological  Seminary  Catalogues. 

Collective  exhibits  from  Chicago  The¬ 
ological  Seminary,  Chicago,  Ill.; 
Episcopal  Theological  School,  Cam¬ 
bridge,  Mass.;  Meadville  Theologi¬ 
cal  School,  Meadville,  Pa.;  Rich¬ 
mond  Theological  Seminary,  Rich¬ 
mond,  Ya. ;  Union  Theological  Sem¬ 
inary,  New  York  City;  Williams¬ 
port  Dickinson  Seminary,  Williams¬ 
port,  Pa. 

Tulane  University  of  Louisiana 
New  Orleans,  La.,  William  Preston 
Johnson,  LL.D.,  president. 

Catalogues  for  1887-89;  catalogue  and 
list  of  alumni  of  medical  department. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  8. 

Union  for  Christian  Work,  Brooklyn, 
N.  Y. 

Two  annual  reports;  catalogue  of  books 
in  Free  Library;  portfolio  of  views. 

Union  University,  Albany  and  Sche¬ 
nectady,  N.  Y. 

Commencement  address  and  catalo¬ 
gues,  Albany  College  of  Pharmacy; 
catalogues  and  addresses,  Albany 
Medical  College;  constitution  and 
proceedings,  Association  of  Alumni; 
catalogue  of  Union  College  1888’-89. 

United  States  Geological  Survey, 
Washington,  D.  C.  (757). 

Reports  and  charts.  (See  also  Classes 
12  and  16.) 

United  States  Naval  Academy,  An¬ 
napolis,  Md.,  Commander  W.  T. 
Simpson,  Superintendent. 

Text-books  used  in  the  academy  and 
circulars  of  information. 

United  States  Signal  Service,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.  (722). 

Publications  and  instruments;  charts 
showing  the  results  of  systematic 
observation,  and  monographs  of  de¬ 
ductions  from  the  same.  (See  Classes 
15  and  16.) 

United  States  War  Department, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Reports  of  expeditions  to  Point  Barrow 
and  Lady  Franklin  Bay. 

University  of  Illinois,  Urbana,  Ill., 
Selim  H.  Peabody,  Ph.  D.,  LL.D., 
president. 

Eleven  volumes  of  annual  reports;  one 
volume  views,  drawings,  etc.;  two 
catalogues. 

University  of  Virginia,  University  of 
Virginia,  Ya.,  Charles  S.  Venable, 
LL.D.,  chairman  of  the  faculty. 

Text-books,  photographs,  etc. 

Upper  Iowa  University,  Fayette,  Iowa, 
Rev.  J.  W.  Bissell,  D.  D.,  president. 

Annual  catalogues  and  prospectus, 
1888’— 89 ;  blanks  used  in  the  admin¬ 
istration  ;  bound  volumes  of  the  Fay¬ 
ette  Collegian. 

Ursinus  College,  Collegeville,  Pa., 
George  W.  Bowman,  president  pro 
tempore. 

Three  numbers  of  the  College  Bulletin; 
proceedings  and  addresses  at  the 
semi-centennial  1886;  invitations, 
and  annual  catalogue  for  1888. 


292 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  8. 

Vassar  College,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y., 
Roy.  James  M.  Taylor,  D.  D. ,  presi¬ 
dent. 

Twenty-two  photographs  of  buildings, 
and  three  volumes  descriptive  of 
Vassar;  course  of  study  and  cata¬ 
logues. 

Virginia  Historical  Society,  Rich¬ 
mond,  Va. 

Five  volumes  of  historical  collections; 
two  volumes  of  Spottiswood  Let¬ 
ters;  the  proceedings  of  the  soci¬ 
ety,  and  circulars. 

Washington  and  Lee  University,  Lex¬ 
ington,  Va.,  General  G.  W.  C.  Lee, 
president. 

Three  volumes  of  catalogues  and  ad¬ 
dresses;  two  volumes  of  text-books 
and  one  volume  of  notes;  course  of 
study;  two  volumes  of  the  South¬ 
ern  Collegian;  portfolio  of  views. 

Wellesley  College,  Wellesley,  Mass., 
Miss  Helen  Shaefer,  president. 

Examination  papers  for  entrance,  and 
for  the  French  and  German  courses; 
students’  work  in  French;  students’ 
book;  class  book  of  1886;  book  of 
pictures  of  buildings,  and  four  text¬ 
books. 

Yale  University,  New  Haven,  Conn., 
Rev.  Timothy  Dwight,  D.  D.,  LL. 
D.,  president. 

Report  of  president,  1888;  annual  cata¬ 
logue,  1888-89. 

Young  Men’s  Christian  Association, 
New  Orleans,  La. 

Constitution  and  by-laws,  report  of 
treasurer,  and  blanks  used  in  admin¬ 
istration  of  the  library. 

Young  Men’s  Christian  Association, 
New  York  City,  Thomas  K.  Cree, 
secretary.  (782.) 

Pictures  of  American  Young  Men’s 
Christian  Association  buildings  and 
statistical  information,  and  reports 
of  the  association. 

Young  Men’s  Christian  Association 
Library,  Meriden,  Conn.,  W.  A. 
Venter,  librarian. 

Three  catalogues  of  books;  blanks  of 
administration. 

Young  Men’s  Christian  Union,  Boston, 
Mass. 

Photographs,  blanks,  and  reports. 


Classes  6, 7, 8.— Technical  and  Indus¬ 
trial  Education. 

Agricultural  College  Catalogues. 

Collective  exhibit  from  the  Agricult¬ 
ural  and  Mechanical  College  of 
Texas,  College  Station,  Tex.;  Iowa 
State  Agricultural  and  Mechanical 
College,  Ames,  Iowa;  Kansas  State 
Agricultural  and  Mechanical  Col¬ 
lege,  Manhattan,  Kans. ;  State  Agri¬ 
cultural  and  Mechanical  College, 
Fort  Collins,  Col.;  State  Agricult¬ 
ural  and  Mechanical  College,  Lake 
City,  Fla.;  State  Agricultural  and 
Mechanical  College,  Auburn,  Ala.; 
The  Virginia  Agricultural  and  Me¬ 
chanical  College,  Lynchburgh,  Va. 

Alabama  Polytechnic  Institute,  Au¬ 
burn,  Ala.,  William  Le  Roy  Broun, 
A.  M.,  LL.  D.,  president. 

Catalogue  and  descriptive  circular; 
scholars’  work:  forty-five  plates  of 
drawings  in  portfolio. 

Bellevue  Training  School  for 
Nurses,  New  York  City,  Eliza  P. 
Perkins,  superintendent. 

Copies  of  the  sixteenth  annual  report; 
photographs  of  buildings  and  classes. 

Bryant,  Stratton  &  Smith  Business 
College,  Meadville,  Pa. 

One  volume  of  students’  work. 

Business  College  Catalogues. 

Collective  exhibit  from  Albany  Busi¬ 
ness  College,  Albany,  N.  Y. ;  Bay¬ 
less  Business  College,  Dubuque, 
Iowa;  Bryant  &  Smith  Business 
College,  Manchester,  N.  H. ;  Bryant, 
Stratton  &  Smith  Business  College, 
Meadville,  Pa.;  Conynton  Business 
College,  Galveston  and  Houston, 
Tex.;  Detroit  Business  College,  De¬ 
troit,  Mich.;  Dirigo  Business  Col¬ 
lege,  Augusta,  Me.;  Eastman  Busi¬ 
ness  College,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y. ; 
Elmira  Business  College,  Elmira,  N. 
Y. ;  Galley’s  School  for  Shorthand, 
New  Haven,  Conn. ;  Kentucky  Uni¬ 
versity,  Lexington,  Ky. ;  Lowell 
Commercial  College,  Lowell,  Mass.; 
Michaels’  Commercial  College,  Dela¬ 
ware,  Ohio;  Moore’s  University,  At¬ 
lanta,  Ga. ;  Nelson  Business  College, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio;  Northwestern 
Business  College,  Madison,  Wis. ; 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  293 


Business  College  Catalogues— Con-  I 
Unued. 

Packard  Business  College,  New  York 
City;  Reading  Business  College, 
Reading,  Pa.;  Rochester  Business 
University,  Rochester,  N.  Y. ;  Seattle 
Business  College,  Seattle,  Wash.;  | 
St.  Paul  Business  College,  St.  Paul,  j 
Minn. ;  St.  Stanislaus  Business  Col¬ 
lege,  Bay  St.  Louis,  Miss.;  Soule 
Business  College,  New  Orleans,  La.; 
Spencerian  Business  College,  Cleve¬ 
land,  Ohio;  Spencerian  Business  Col-  j 
lege,  Washington,  D.  C.;  Business  j 
College,  Newark,  N.  J. :  Texas  Busi¬ 
ness  College,  Paris,  Tex. ;  Troy  Busi¬ 
ness  College,  Troy,  N.  Y. ;  Zanesville 
Business  College,  Zansesville.  Ohio. 

Cooper  Union,  New  York  City,  George  j 
W.  Plympton,  A.  M.,  C.  E.,  director. 

Copies  of  the  ninth  annual  report  of  the 
board  of  trustees;  three  portfolios 
of  drawings  and  twelve  oil  paintings, 
all  scholars’  work. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of 
Illinois,  Springfield,  Ill. 

Reports  of  the  State  superintendent  j 
for  the  years  1867-1886;  reports  for 
the  Industrial  University,  1870-18c6. 

Eastman  Business  College,  Pough¬ 
keepsie,  N.  Y.,  C.  C.  Gaines,  presi¬ 
dent. 

One  case  containing  photographs  of 
grounds,  buildings,  and  students;  ar¬ 
tistic  pen- work  by  students;  samples 
of  money,  cloth,  grains,  etc.,  used  in 
the  exercises  of  the  school;  two  port¬ 
folios  of  photographs;  one  volume  of 
drawings;  one  volume  of  catalogues; 
two  volumes  of  pamphlets  concern¬ 
ing  Poughkeepsie ;  seven  volumes  of 
students’  work,  and  thirty-four  vol¬ 
umes  text-books. 

Engineering  School  Catalogues. 

Collective'  exhibit  from  the  Alabama 
Polytechnic  Institute,  Auburn,  Ala. ; 
Case  School  of  Applied  Science, 
Cleveland,  Ohio;  Cornell  University, 
Ithaca,  N.  Y. ;  Dakota  School  of 
Mines,  Rapid  City,  Dak. ;  Lafayette 
College,  Easton,  Pa.;  Lehigh  Uni¬ 
versity,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa.;  Mas¬ 
sachusetts  Institute  of  Technology, 
Boston,  Mass. ;  Polytechnic  Institute, 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Classes  6, 7, 8. 

Engineering  School  Catalogues— 
Continued. 

New  Market,  Va. ;  Rensselaer  Poly¬ 
technic  Institute,  Troy,  N.  Y. ;  Ross 
Polytechnic  Institute,  Terre  Haute, 
Ind.;  School  of  Mines,  Columbia 
College,  New  York  City;  Stevens 
Institute  of  Technology,  Hoboken, 
N.  J. ;  University  of  Illinois,  Urbana, 
Ill.;  University  of  Michigan,  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich. ;  University  of  Wiscon¬ 
sin,  Madison,  Wis. ;  Washington  and 
Lee  University,  Lexington,  Ya. ; 
Worcester  Polytechnic  Institute, 
Worcester,  Mass. 

Free  Evening  Industrial  Drawing 
School,  Boston,  Mass. 

Students’  work. 

Indian  Industrial  School,  Carlisle,  Pa 
(See  Class  6.) 

Students’  work. 

Kansas  State  Agricultural  College, 
Manhattan,  Kans. 

Photographs  of  buildings,  plan  of 
grounds;  chart  of  studies,  and  stu¬ 
dents’  work  in  botany,  zoology, 
printing,  drawing,  and  wood-turn¬ 
ing. 

Kimball,  D.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

1.  Text-books  ;  Shorthand  Writer;  The 
Amanuensis  and  Key  to  the  Aman¬ 
uensis  ;  2.  Circulars. 

Lehigh  University,  South  Bethlehem, 
Pa.  ( See  Class  8.) 

Manual  Training  School,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.,  C. M.  Woodward,  director. 

The  following  students’  work :  One 
hundred  and  seven  plates  of  draw¬ 
ings  ;  three  hundred  and  seventy 
pieces  of  work  in  wood;  joining, 
pattern  work,  turning,  and  carving; 
two  hundred  pieces  of  forge  work  in 
iron;  one  hundred  pieces  of  chipping 
and  machine-finished  iron  work. 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech¬ 
nology,  Boston,  Mass.,  Francis  A. 
Walker,  LL.D.,  president. 

Two  volumes  Views  of  Buildings  and 
Rooms;  one  volume  of  Architectural 
Quarterly;  three  volumes  of  Tech¬ 
nology  Quarterly;  one  volume  of 
Proceedings  of  the  Society  of  Arts ; 
one  volume  of  Notes  and  Publica¬ 
tions  of  Mechanical  Department ; 


294 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Classes  6, 7, 8. 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech¬ 
nology—  Continued. 
one  volume  Notes  and  Publications  of 
Chemical,  Mineralogical,  Biological, 
€hd  Mining  Departments  ;  one  vol¬ 
ume  Notes  of  Physical  Department; 
three  volumes  of  work  by  students 
and  laboratory  views  ;  nine  volumes 
of  notes  and  text-books  ;  one  vol¬ 
ume  of  catalogues  and  president’s 
reports ;  Technique  for  1885  and 
1886;  volumes  7  and  8  of  the  Tech, 
and  catalogues  for  1888  and  1889. 

Philadelphia  Manual  Training 
School,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (498.) 

Chart  showing  course  of  study;  four 
volumes  of  maps  by  pupils  illustrat¬ 
ing  the  growth  of  the  United  States 
from  1790  to  1880;  eleven  portfolios 
of  drawings  by  pupils,  free-hand, 
mechanical,  perspective,  and  charts; 
one  hundred  pieces  of  wood- work, 
joints,  pattern  work,  turning,  and 
carving;  fifty  pieces  of  iron  forging; 
thirty  pieces  of  chipping  and  ma¬ 
chine  work ;  thirteen  lead  castings ; 
a  Wheatstone  bridge  ;  methods  of 
electric-light  wiring;  models  of  dy¬ 
namo  armatures;  standard  battery; 
apparatus  for  finding  magnetic  field 
in  dynamo;  a  table  top  and  door. 

Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute, 
Troy,  N.  Y.  (469.) 

Text-books  by  H.  P.  Nason,  R.  H. 
Ward,  W.  P.  Mason,  De  Volson 
Wood,  W.  H.  Burr,  J.  A.  L.  Wardell, 
and  S.  Edward  Warren;  Cleeman’s 
Railroad  Engineer  in  Practice;  Au- 
chinclose  Link  and  Valve  Motion; 
Auchinclose  Report  on  the  Paris 
Exposition  of  1867;  one  volume  of 
Semi-Centennial  Celebration  of  1874; 
Biographical  Record,  by  H.  P.  Na¬ 
son;  volumes  1  and  2  of  Pi  Eta  Pa¬ 
pers  ;  volume  1  of  R.  S.  E.  papers ; 
sample  and  descriptive  catalogue  of 
Grinnell  fire  extinguisher;  Thatch¬ 
er’s  calculating  machine;  specimens 
of  wire  rope  made  by  John  A.  Roeb- 
ling’s  Sons ;  rail  joints  made  by 
Clark  Fisher;  crayon  sketches  of 
the  first  American  church  and  the 
first  American  school  built  in  Alaska, 


Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute, 

Troy,  N.  Y. — Continued. 
erected  by  Dr.  Lindsay;  maps  show¬ 
ing  railroad  lines  upon  which  gradu¬ 
ates  are  employed;  six  maps  of  sur¬ 
veys  made  by  students;  fifteen  vol¬ 
umes  of  students’  drawings;  twenty- 
nine  volumes  of  publications  by 
graduates;  thirty-nine  photographs 
of  bridges  erected  by  graduates; 
thirty-two  photographs  of  buildings 
and  students,  and  forms. 

St.  Stanislaus  Commercial  College, 
Bay  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Brother  Osmond, 
president. 

Students’  work;  portfolios;  specimens 
of  book-keeping  and  penmanship; 
plan  of  college;  map  of  Bay  St. 
Louis  and  course  of  study;  speci¬ 
mens  of  drawing;  photographs  of 
students  and  buildings. 

Smith,  W.  H.,  Lexington,  Ky. 

Text-book  on  book-keeping;  a  volume 
containing  specimen  pen-work. 

Sockanosset  School  for  Boys,  How¬ 
ard,  R.  I.,  Franklin  H.  Nibecker,  su¬ 
perintendent. 

Files  of  Howard  Times  and  job  print¬ 
ing  printed  by  boys;  clothes  and 
brushes  made  by  boys;  photographs 
of  boys  and  buildings;  writing- 
books  and  programme  of  course  of 
study. 

Soule  Commercial  College,  New  Or¬ 
leans,  La.,  George  Soule,  principal. 

Catalogues  and  text-books. 

State  Agricultural  College,  Ames, 
Iowa,  W.  I.  Chamberlain,  A.  M. ,  LL. 
D.,  president. 

Catalogue  1888-  89;  a  volume  of  photo¬ 
engravings. 

Stevens  Institute  of  Technology, 
Hoboken,  N.  J. 

Volume  4  of  Stevens  Indicator;  The 
Bolt  for  1887;  The  Eccentric,  1888; 
text-books  and  fifteen  photographs 
of  buildings  and  rooms. 

United  States  Naval  Academy,  An¬ 
napolis,  Md.  ( See  Clas?  8.) 

University  of  Illinois.  ( See  Class  8.) 

Warren,  S.  Edward,  Newton,  Mass. 

Text-books  on  stereotomy,  descriptive 
geometry,  etc. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


295 


Wiley,  John  &  Sons,  Astor  place,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (363.) 

Books. 

Wood,  DeVolson,  Hoboken,  N.J. 

Text-books  on  thermo-dynamics. 

Worcester  Polytechnic  Institute, 
Worcester,  Mass.,  Homer  F.  Fuller, 
Ph.D.,  president. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Worcester 
Polytechnic  Institute ;  photographs 
of  the  editors  of  the  Worcester  Poly¬ 
technic  Institute;  catalogues  for 
1888-89. 

Class  9. — Printing  and  Books. 

Adirondack  Railroad  Company,  Sara¬ 
toga,  N.  Y. 

Copies  of  the  “  Birch  Bark  of  the  Ad- 
irondacks,”  specimen  advertising 
publications. 

American  Periodicals. 

The  following  publications  are  repre¬ 
sented  at  the  Exposition  by  the  cur¬ 
rent  numbers  :  America,  Chicago, 
Ill.;  American  Agriculturist,  New 
York  City;  American  Bookmaker, 
New  York  City;  American  Chemical 
Journal,  Baltimore,  Md. ;  American 
Journal  of  Education,  St.  Louis,  Mo. ; 
American  Journal  of  Mathematics, 
Baltimore,  Md. ;  American  Journal  of 
Railroad  Appliances,  Chicago,  Ill.; 
American  Machinist,  NewYork  City; 
American  Stationer,  New  York  City; 
American  Teacher,  Boston,  Mass.; 
Amherst  Student,  Amherst,  Mass.; 
Argus,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  Baptist 
Missionary  Magazine,  Boston,  Mass. ; 
Baldwin’s  Textile  Designer,  Brasher 
Falls,  N.  Y. ;  Black  Diamond,  Chi¬ 
cago,  Ill.;  Brewers’  Journal,  New 
York  City;  Carpentry  and  Building, 
NewYork  City;  Columbia  Spectator, 
New  York  City;  Columbus  Despatch, 
Columbus,  Ohio;  Common  School 
Education,  Boston  and  New  York 
City;  Crockery  and  Glass  Journal, 
New  York  City;  D.  U.  Quarterly, 
New  York  City;  Drug,  Oil  and  Paint 
Reporter,  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  Eclectic 
Medical  Journal,  Cincinnati,  Ohio; 
Education^  Boston,  Mass. ;  Educa¬ 
tional  Courant,  Louisville,  Ky. ;  Edu¬ 
cational  Gazette,  Rochester,  N.Y.; 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  9, 

American  Periodicals — Continued. 
Educational  News, Philadelphia, Pa. ; 
Electrical  Engineer,  NewYork  City; 
Electrical  Review,  New  York  City; 
Engineering  and  Mining  Journal, 
New  York  City;  Farm  Implement 
News,  Chicago,  Ill.;  Florida  School 
Journal,  Lake  City,  Fla.;  Illinois 
School  Journal,  Bloomington,  Ill.; 
Indiana  School  Journal,  Indianapo¬ 
lis,  Ind. ;  Indicator,  Hoboken,  N.  J. ; 
Industrial  World  and  Iron  Worker, 
Chicago,  Ill. ;  Intelligence,  Chicago, 
Ill. ;  Johns  Hopkins  University  Cir¬ 
culars,  Baltimore,  Md. ;  Journal  of 
Education,  Boston,  Mass.;  Laselle 
Leaves,  Auburndale,  Mass.;  Maga¬ 
zine  of  Western  History,  New  York 
City;  Maine  Historical  and  Genea¬ 
logical  Records,  Portland,  Me. ;  Min¬ 
nehaha  Teacher,  Sioux  Falls,  Dak. ; 
Musical  Journal,  Philadelphia,  Pa. ; 
National  Laundry  Journal,  Chicago, 
Ill. ;  New  York  Observer,  New  York 
City;  Ogontz  Mosaic,  Ogontz,  Pa.; 
Pacific  Illustrated  Press,  San  Fran¬ 
cisco,  Cal.;  Paper  Trade  Journal, 
New  York  City;  Pen  Pulpit,  Troy, 
N.  Y. ;  Photographic  Bulletin,  New 
York  City;  Political  Science  Quar¬ 
terly,  New  York  City;  Popular  Edu¬ 
cator,  Boston,  Mass. ;  Power — Steam, 
New  York  City;  St.  Nicholas,  New 
York  City;  School  and  Home,  St. 
Louis,  Mo. ;  Scienc?,  New  York  City; 
Southwestern  Journal  of  Education, 
Nashville,  Tenn.;  Swiss  Cross,  New 
York  City;  Technology  Quarterly, 
Boston,  Mass.;  Texas  Siftings,  New 
York  City;  The  Academy,  Syracuse, 
N.  Y. ;  The  Alabama  Teachers’  Jour¬ 
nal,  Cincinnati,  Ohio;  The  American 
Engineer,  Chicago,  Ill. :  The  Amer¬ 
ican  Exporter,  New  York  City;  The 
American  Garden,  NewYork  City; 
The  American  Journal  of  Medical 
Science,  Philadelphia,  Pa. ;  The 
American  Mail  and  Export  Journal, 
New  York  City;  The  American  Rural 
Home,  Rochester,  N.  Y. ;  The  Angola 
Record,  Angola,  N.  Y. :  The  Ameri¬ 
can  Stationer,  New  York  City;  The 
American  Teacher,  Boston,  Mass. ; 
The  Art  Interchange,  New  York 


296 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  9. 

American  Periodicals— Continued. 
City;  The  Artisan,  Cincinnati,  Ohio; 
The  Baptist  Missionary,  Boston, 
Mass.;  The  Bee-Keepers’  Advance, 
Mechanics’  Falls,  N.  Y. ;  The  Boston 
Globe,  Boston,  Mass. ;  The  Brooklyn 
Medical  Journal,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. ; 
The  Building  Budget,  Chicago,  Ill. ; 
The  Burlington  Hawkeye,  Burling¬ 
ton,  Iowa;  The  Butchers’ Advocate, 
New  York  City;  The  California 
Cackler,  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  The 
Carltonian,  Northfield,  Minn.;  The 
Century,  New  York  City;  The  Chi¬ 
cago  Tribune,  Chicago,  Ill.;  The 
Chronicle,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich.;  The 
Clay  Worker,  Indianapolis,  Ind. ;  The 
College  Star,  Warren  ton,  Mo.;  The 
Columbia  Spectator,  New  York  City; 
The  Commoner  and  Glass  Worker, 
Pittsburg, Pa.;  The  Courant, Welles¬ 
ley,  Mass.;  The  Critic,  New  York 
City;  The  Daily  Crimson,  Cambridge, 
Mass. ;  The  Dartmouth,  Hanover,  N. 
J. ;  The  Decorator  and  Furnisher, 
New  York  City;  The  Educational 
Journal  of  Virginia,  Richmond,  Va. ; 
The  Electrical  World,  New  York 
City;  The  Electro-Mechanic,  Kansas 
City,  Mo. ;  The  Engineering  and 
Building  Record,  New  York  City; 
The  Farm  and  Home,  Springfield, 
Mass.;  The  Forum, New  York  City; 
The  Fur  Trade  Review,  New  York 
City;  The  Furniture  Worker,  Cin¬ 
cinnati,  Ohio;  The  Golden  Rule,  Bos¬ 
ton,  Mass.;  The  Hamilton  Literary 
Monthly,  Clinton,  N.  Y. ;  The  Harness 
Gazette,  Rome,  N.  Y. ;  The  Hat  Re¬ 
view,  New  York  City;  The  Haver- 
fordian,  Haverford  College,  Pa. ;  The 
Hub,  New  York  City;  The  Indian 
Helper,  Carlisle,  Pa.;  The  Indiana 
Farmer,  Indianapolis,  Ind.;  The  In¬ 
dicator,  Detroit,  Mich.;  The  Inland 
Architect,  Chicago,  Ill.;  The  Iron 
Age,  New  York  City;  The  Jewellers’ 
Weekly,  New  York  City;  The  Jour¬ 
nal  of  Education,  Boston,  Mass.;  The 
King’s  Messenger,  Boston,  Mass.; 
The  Lafayette,  Easton,  Pa. ;  The  Le¬ 
high  Burr,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa.; 
The  Locomotive  Engineer,  NewYork 
City;  The  Lumber  Trade  Journal, 


American  Periodicals — Continued. 
NewYork  City;  The  LumberWorker: 
Cincinnati, Ohio;  The  Massachusetts 
Ploughman,  Boston,  Mass. ;  The  Med¬ 
ical  News,  Philadelphia,  Pa.;  The 
Mercantile  and  Financial  Times, 
New  York  City;  The  Metal  Worker, 
New  York  City;  The  Millstone,  In¬ 
dianapolis,  Ind. ;  The  Mississippi  Val¬ 
ley  Lumberman,  Minneapolis,  Minn. ; 
The  Monthly  Pennsylvania  School, 
Williamsport,  Pa. ;  The  Monumental 
News,  Chicago,  Ill.;  The  National 
Educator,  Allentown,  Pa. ;  The  New 
York  Lumber  Trade  Journal,  New 
York  City;  The  North  Carolina 
Teacher,  New  York  City;  The  Office, 
New  York  City;  The  Ohio  Educa¬ 
tional  Monthly,  Akron,  Ohio;  The 
Painters’  Journal,  Chicago,  Ill. ;  The 
Pharmaceutical  Record,  New  York 
City;  The  Philadelphia  Carpet  Trade, 
Philadelphia.  Pa. ;  The  Polytechnic, 
Troy,  N.  Y. ;  The  Presbyterian,  Phila¬ 
delphia,  Pa.;  The  Press,  New-  York 
City;  The  Red  Man,  Carlisle,  Pa.; 
The  Sanitary  News,  Chicago,  Ill.; 
The  Sanitarium,  New  York  City; 
The  School  Bulletin,  Syracuse,  N.Y. ; 
The  School  Herald,  Chicago,  Ill.; 
The  School  Journal,  NewYork  City; 
The  School  Teacher.  Winston,  N.  C. ; 
The  Silver  Cross,  New  York  City; 
The  Southern  Lumberman,  Nash¬ 
ville,  Tenn. ;  The  Standard,  Chicago, 
Ill. ;  The  Stevens  Indicator,  Hoboken, 
N.J. ;  The  Street  Railway  Journal, 
New  York  City;  The  Student,  Ger¬ 
mantown,  Pa.;  The  Sunny  Hour, 
New  York  City;  The  Tech,  Boston, 
Mass. ;  The  Teacher,  New  York  City; 
The  Teachers’  Institute,  Chicago,  Ill. : 
The  Textile  Colorist,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.;  The  Timberman,  Chicago,  Ill.; 
The  Topeka  Daily  Capital,  Topeka, 
Kans. ;  The  Trade  Bureau,  NewYork 
City;  The  Union  Signal,  Chicago, 
Ill.;  The  Upholsterer,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. ;  The  Vassar  Miscellany,  Pough¬ 
keepsie,  N.  Y. ;  The  W.  P.  I. .  Worces¬ 
ter,  Mass. ;  TheWeekly  Northwestern 
Miller,  Minneapolis,  Minn. ;  The  Wil¬ 
mington  Messenger,  Wilmington,  N. 
C.;  Time, NewYork  City;  Transac- 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


297 


American  Periodicals— Continued. 
tions  of  the  American  Institute  of  j 
Electrical  Engineers,  New  York  City ;  ! 
Truth,  New  York  City;  United  States 
Sewing  Machine  Times.  New  York 
City;  Ursinus  College  Bulletin,  Col- 
legeville,  Pa.;  Watchman,  Chicago, 
Ill.;  Western  School  Journal, Topeka, 
Kans. ;  Williams  Literary,  Williams- 
town,  Mass.;  Wisconsin  Journal  of 
Education,  Madison,  Wis. 

Anthony,  E.&  H.  T.,  &  Co., New  York 
City. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Photographic 
Bulletin. 

Appleton,  D. ,  &  Co. ,  105  Bond  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (365.) 

Books. 

Armstrong  &  Knauer,  822  and  824 
Broadway,  New  York,N.Y.  (342.) 

A  volume  entitled  The  Manufacturers  ] 
of  the  United  States  for  Domestic  1 
and  Foreign  Trade. 

Ayer,  H.  H.,  Lowell,  Mass. 

Almanac  for  1889  in  twenty-one  lan¬ 
guages. 

Bacon,  G.  A. ,  Syracuse,  N.  Y. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Academy. 

Baird,  Henry,  Carey  &  Co  .  810  Wal¬ 
nut  street,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (345.) 

Books. 

Baldwin,  A.  A.,  publisher,  Brasher 
Falls,  N.Y. 

Current  numbers  of  Baldwin’s  Textile 
Designer. 

Bardeen,  C.W.,&Co.,  Syracuse,  N.Y. 
(See  Class  6.) 

Barnard  Publishing  Company,  Hart¬ 
ford,  Conn. 

Twenty-eight  volumes  Barnard’s  Jour¬ 
nal  of  Education,  1857-1880;  eight¬ 
een  volumes  upon  educational  sub¬ 
jects,  and  twenty-five  pamphlets. 

Barnes,  A.  S.  &  Co.,  Ill  and  113  William 
street,  New  York  City.  (349.) 

Books. 

Barrie,  George,  1313  Walnut  street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Books. 

Beatty,  Claudius  F. ,  107  Prince  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Samples  of  engraving  and  tip  printing 
shown  in  the  exhibit  of  R.  Dunlap  & 
Co. ,  manufacturers  of  hats. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  9. 

Belden,  A.  L. , publisher,  New  York  City. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Fur  Trade  Re¬ 
view  and  The  Hat  Review. 

Bell  Publishing  Company,  834  Broad¬ 
way,  New  York  City.  (775.) 

Copies  of  The  United  States  Sewing 
Machine  Times  apd  other  periodicals. 

Boston  and  Maine  Railroad  Company, 
Boston,  Mass. 

Advertising  publications  called  Sum¬ 
mer  Excursions,  Down  East  Latch 
Strings,  and  Sea  Shore,  Lake,  and 
Mountains. 

Bowker,  R.  R.,  Franklin  Square,  New 
York,  N.Y. 

Books  and  periodicals. 

Brentano,  A.,  5  Union  Square,  New 
York,  N.Y.  (543.) 

Books  and  periodicals. 

Brickell,  William  D.  .Columbus,  Ohio. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Columbus 
Despatch. 

Broen,  Josephine  de,  3  rue  Clavel, 
Paris,  France.  (408.) 

Books,  brochures,  papers,  and  photo¬ 
graphs  connected  with  the  temper¬ 
ance  society  of  America  (W.  C.  T.  U.) 

Brown,  George  P. ,  Bloomington,  Ill. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Illinois  School 
Journal. 

Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Specimens  of  engraving  and  printing 
of  United  States  money,  bonds,  etc. 

Burgess,  Miss  M. ,  Carlisle,  Pa, 

Current  numbers  of  The  Indian  Help¬ 
er  and  The  Red  Man. 

Burr,  W.  H. ,  C.  E. ,  Phoenixville,  Pa. 

Text-books  on  applied  mechanics. 

Butchers’  Publishing  Company  (The), 
New  York  City. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Butcher’s 
Advocate. 

Butterworth,  Benjamin,  Washington, 

D.C. 

Growth  of  the  industrial  arts. 

Carothers,  R.  H.,  Louisville,  Ky. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Educational 
Courant. 

Century  Company  (The),  New  York 
City.  (389.) 

Books  and  current  numbers  of  the 
Century  and  St.  Nicholas. 


298 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitoi’s— Class  9. 

Charles  Scribner’s  Sons,  New  York 
City. 

A  copy  of  the  Statistical  Atlas. 

Cohen  &  Co.,  Publishers,  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Artisan,  The 
Furniture  Worker,  and  The  Lumber 
Worker. 

Columbia  College,  New  York  City. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Columbia 
Spectator. 

Contanseau,  L.,  171  Broadway,  New 
York  City.  (348.) 

Monthly  Bulletin. 

Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  753  Broadway,  New 
York  City.  (364.) 

Publications. 

Educational  Publishing  Company, 
Boston,  Mass. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Popular  Edu¬ 
cator. 

Estes  &  Lauriat,  301  Washington 
street,  Boston,  Mass.  (360.) 

Publications. 

Findley,  Samuel,  Akron,  Ohio.  (639.) 

Current  numbers  of  The  Ohio  Educa¬ 
tional  Monthly  and  National  Teach¬ 
er. 

Fishel,  Adler  &  Schwartz,  94  Fulton 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (522.) 

Etchings  and  engravings. 

Fox,  William  F.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Educational 
Journal  of  Virginia. 

Frank’s  Heirs,  Dr.  M.  Publishers,  Phil¬ 
adelphia,  Pa. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Textile  Col¬ 
orist. 

Gallison  &  Hobron  Co.  (The),  696  and 
698  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(196.) 

Trade  journals  and  lithographs. 

Garrett,  Martha  A. ,  Germantown,  Pa. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Student. 

Gebbie  &  Hasson  Co.,  900  Chestnut 
street,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (352.) 

Photo-engravings. 

Gebbie  &  Co. ,  900  Chestnut  street,  Phil¬ 
adelphia,  Pa.  (353.) 

Publications. 

Gillis  Brothers  &  Turnure,  New  York 
City.  (413.) 

A  frame  of  specimens  of  press  work. 


Ginn  &  Co. ,  New  York,  Boston,  Chicago. 
(803.) 

Educational  text-books. 

Harris,  E.  P.,  New  York  City. 

The  Street  Railway  Journal. 

Harris.  J.B.,  Wilton,  Iowa. 

Book-keeping  for  the  Masses. 

Harvard  Daily  Crimson,  Cambridge, 
Mass. 

One  bound  volume,  No.  XIV,  and  cur¬ 
rent  numbers  of  the  paper  and  a 
photograph  of  the  editorial  staff. 

Harrell,  Eugene  G.,  Raleigh,  N.C. 

Current  numbers  of  The  North  Caro¬ 
lina  Teacher. 

Heath,  D. C., &  Co.  (See  Class  7.) 

Horne,  A.  R.,  Allentown,  Pa. 

Current  numbers  of  The  National  Edu¬ 
cator. 

Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co. ,  Cambridge, 
Mass.  (359.) 

The  Riverside  Press  books  and  pub¬ 
lications. 

House  Painting  and  Decorating  Pub¬ 
lishing  Company,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Three  bound  volumes  of  House  Paint¬ 
ing  and  Decorating. 

Howard  Lockwood  &  Co.,  New  York 
City. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Paper  Trade 
Journal,  American  Stationer,  Amer¬ 
ican  Bookmaker,  and  The  American 
Mail  and  Export  Journal. 

Inland  Printer  Co.,  183  Monroe  Street, 
Chicago,  Ill. 

Copies  of  The  Inland  Architect  with 
specimens  of  fine  printing. 

Inspector  of  Finance  of  Vermont, 
Woodstock,  Vt. 

Three  annual  reports  of  the  inspector. 
Three  volumes  of  laws  of  Vermont 
regarding  banks,  trust  companies, 
etc. 

Insurance  Department  of  Connecti¬ 
cut,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Two  volumes  of  reports  for  1888. 

Insurance  Commissioners  of  Kansas, 
Topeka,  Kans. 

Fourteen  volumes  of  the  annual  re¬ 
ports  of  the  board,  1874  to  1888,  in¬ 
clusive. 

Insurance  Department,  Lansing,  Mich. 

Twenty  volumes  of  annual  reports  of 
fire,  life,  and  marine  insurance. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


299 


Insurance  Department  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania. 

Two  volumes  of  the  Fifteenth  Annual 
Report  of  Life,  Fire,  and  Marine  In¬ 
surance. 

Insurance  Department  of  Wisconsin, 
Madison,  Wis. 

Two  volumes  of  reports  of  the  com¬ 
missioners. 

Interior  Department,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Twenty-three  volumes  of  the  Census  of 
1880,  and  a  Portfolio  of  Statistical 
Charts.  Two  volumes  of  the  Official 
Register  of  the  United  States  for 
1887.  Three  volumes  of  annual  re¬ 
ports,  Bureau  of  Labor.  Three  vol¬ 
umes  of  the  Land  Laws  of  the  United 
States.  One  volume  of  the  Public 
Domain.  The  Fourth  Annual  Re¬ 
port  of  the  United  States  Civil  Ser¬ 
vice  Commission.  Two  volumes  of 
report  of  the  Secretary  of  the  Inte¬ 
rior,  1887. 

Irelan,  William,  Jr. ,  State  mineralogist 
of  California,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

Three  annual  reports,  1886-88,  inclu¬ 
sive. 

Ivison,  Blakeman  &  Co.,  New  York 
City.  (862.) 

Books. 

Johns  Hopkins  University  Publica¬ 
tion  Agency,  Howard  street,  Balti¬ 
more,  Md.  (851.) 

Books,  photographs,  periodicals,  etc. 

Johnson,  Charles  J.,  &  Co.,  105  Mad¬ 
ison  street,  Chicago,  Ill.  (406.) 

Samples  of  printing. 

Johnson,  B.  F. ,  &  Co.,  1009  Main  street, 
Richmond,  Va.  (667.) 

Books,  Bibles,  albums,  etc. 

Johnston  &  Co.,  W.  J.,  New  York  City. 
(716.) 

Current  numbers  of  the  Electrical 
World. 

Knox,  Thomas  W.,  New  York  Citv. 
(703.) 

Books  :  Boy  Traveller  Series,  etc. 

Knox,  J.  Amory,  New  York  City. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Texas  Siftings. 

Lindsay,  Robert  M. ,  1028  Walnut  street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  (356.) 

Books  and  Etchings. 

Lippincott,  J.  B.  &  Co.,  (See  Class  6). 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors—  Class  9. 

Lothrop,  D.  &  Co.,  Franklin  street, 
Boston,  Mass.  (358.) 

Books. 

Lowell,  John  A.  &  Co.,  147  Franklin 
street,  Boston,  Mass. 

Specimens  of  Printing  from  Engraved 
Steel  Plates. 

MacClurg,  A.  C.  &'  Co.,  Wabash  ave¬ 
nue,  Chicago,  Ill.  (350.) 

Books. 

Massachusetts  Insurance  Commission, 
Boston.  Mass. 

Annual  Report  of  the  Commission  for 
1888. 

Merriam,  G.  C.  &  Co.,  Springfield,  Mass. 
(See  Class  6). 

Mitchell,  J.  J.  Co.  (The),  830  Broadway, 
New  York.  (412.) 

Periodicals. 

National  Ac\demy  of  Science,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C. 

Three  volumes  of  Memoirs. 

National  Electric  Light  Association, 
16  E.  23d  street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Five  volumes  of  Official  Proceedings. 

Navy  Department  U.  S.,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Bureau  of  Medicine  and  Surgery.  Ten 
volumes  of  the  Annual  Reports  of 
the  Surgeon-General,  1878-1888. 
Yellow  fever  on  U.  S.  S.  Plymouth 
and  Instructions  for  Medical  Officers. 

Bureau  of  Provisions  and  Clothing. 
Regulations  relating  to  Pay  Depart¬ 
ment  of  the  U.  S.  Navy,  Pay-table, 
Reportof  Paymaster-General  for  1888. 

Bureau  of  Steam-Engineering.  Report 
of  a  Standard  Gauge  for  Bolt,  Nut, 
and  Screw-threads  for  the  U.  S. 
Navy,  1868. 

Bureau  of  Yards  and  Docks.  Origin, 
History,  Laws,  and  Regulations  of 
the  United  States  Naval  Asylum  at 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  Report  of  Board 
of  Civil  Engineers  on  the  Improve¬ 
ment  of  the  Naval  Station  at  New 
London,  Conn.  Report  of  Board  of 
Civil  Engineers  for  the  Improve¬ 
ment  of  the  Navy-Yard  at  Mare 
Island,  California.  Report  of  the 
Board  of  Civil  Engineers  for  the  Im¬ 
provement  of  the  Navy- Yard  at 
League  Island.  History  of  the  Navy- 
Yard  at  Gosport,  Va. 


300 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  9. 

Navy  Department  U.  S.,  Washington, 

D.  C. — Continued. 

Hydrographic  Office.  Publications. 

Nautical  Almanac  Office.  Publica¬ 
tions. 

New  England  Publishing  Company, 
Boston,  Mass. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Journal  of  Ed¬ 
ucation  and  the  American  Teacher. 

New  York  Bank-Note  Company,  1 
Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (521.) 

Specimens  of  Bank-note  Engraving. 

New  York  State  Agricultural  So¬ 
ciety,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Transactions. 

Orange  Judd  &  Co.,  751  Broadway, 
New  York  City.  (429) 

Books. 

Osman,  Brother,  Publisher,  Ottawa,  Ill. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Brick,  Tile, 
and  Pottery  Gazette. 

Outing  Publishing  Company,  New 
York  City. 

Two  volumes  of  Wheelman;  two 
Wheelman  and  Outing;  eight  Out¬ 
ing. 

Packard,  Prof.  A.  S.,  Brown  Univer¬ 
sity,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Four  volumes  on  Zoology  and  Ento¬ 
mology.  Two  on  Embryology. 

Perrin  &  Smith,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Current  numbers  of  the  American 
Journal  of  Education. 

Phelps,  Geo.  M.,  New  York  City. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Electrical  En¬ 
gineer. 

Photo-Electrotype  Engraving  Com¬ 
pany,  20  Cliff  street,  New  York 
City.  (348.) 

Photo-engravings. 

POOR,  H.  Y.  &  H.  W.,  New  York  City. 

Poor’s  Manual  of  Railroads,  1886, 1887, 
1888.  Poor’s  Directory  of  Railway 
Officials,  1887,  1888,  1889. 

Pope,  R.  W. ,  New  York  City. 

Transactions  of  Society  of  Electrical 
Engineers. 

Prang,  L.  &  Co.,  286  Roxbury  street, 
Boston,  Mass.  (357) 

Books  and  Chromo-lithographs. 

Public  School  Journal  Company, 
Mount  Washington,  Ohio. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Public  School 
Journal. 


Railroad  Commissioners  of  Alabama, 
Montgomery,  Ala. 

Two  volumes  of  Annual  Reports  of  the 
Board. 

Railroad  Commissioner  of  Connecti¬ 
cut,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Twelve  volumes  of  reports  of  the 
board. 

Railroad  Commission  of  Iowa,  Des 
Moines,  Iowa. 

A  map  of  the  State  of  Iowa  and  nine 
volumes  of  the  annual  reports  of  the 
commissioners. 

Railroad  Commissioners  of  Virginia, 
Richmond,  Ya. 

One  volume  Report  for  1888. 

Railroad  Commission  of  Wisconsin, 
Madison,  Wis. 

Six  volumes  of  annual  reports  of  the 
railroad  commission  of  Wise  nsin. 

Railway  Commission  of  Ohio,  Colum¬ 
bus,  Ohio. 

Two  volumes  of  the  annual  reports  of 
the  board. 

Rand,  McNally  &  Co.,  323  Broadway, 
New  York.  (198.) 

Maps,  map-cases,  and  atlases. 

Ransom,  C.  M. ,  178  Devonshire  street, 
Boston,  Mass.  (462.) 

Periodicals. 

Raub,  Albert  N.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Educational 
News. 

Science  Publishing  Company,  New 
York  City. 

Current  numbers  of  Science  and  Swiss 
Cross. 

Secretary  of  Internal  Affairs,  Har¬ 
risburg,  Pa. 

Three  volumes  of  the  annual  report 
of  the  secretary. 

Southwestern  Journal  of  Edu¬ 
cation,  W.  R.  Garrett  and  J.  L. 
Lamps  on,  editors,  Nashville, 
Tenn. 

Current  numbers  of  Journal. 

State  Board  of  Health,  Lansing, 
Mich. 

Annual  reports  of  the  board;  proceed¬ 
ings  of  convention. 

State  Board  of  Registration  of 
Michigan,  Lansing,  Mich. 

Annual  reports  of  the  board. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  301 


State  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Annual  reports  of  the  Secretary;  con¬ 
sular  reports. 

Stearns.  J.  W. ,  Madison,  Wis. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Wisconsin 
Journal  of  Education. 

Stevens  Institute  of  Technology, 
Hoboken,  N.  J. 

Two  bound  volumes  and  current  num¬ 
bers  of  The  Stevens  Indicator;  The 
Eccentric  for  1888;  The  Bolt  for 
1887. 

Stokes,  Frederick  A.,  publisher,  182 
Fifth  avenue,  New  York,  N.  Y.  I 
(390.) 

Books. 

Summers,  James  Colling,  168  Nassau 
st.,  New  York  City.  (208.) 

A  book  entitled  Who  Won  ?  The  Ameri¬ 
can  Yacht  Record  and  Guide. 

Taintor  Brothers  &  Co.  ,18  Astor  Place, 
New  York  City.  (396.) 

Books. 

Terquem,  Emile,  172  Mercer  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (132.) 

Collective  exhibit  of  books,  prints,  etc. , 
from  a  number  of  American  publish¬ 
ers.  (Special  catalogue.) 

The  American  Baptist  Missionary  j 
Union,  Boston,  Mass. 

Three  bound  volumes  and  current 
numbers  of  the  Baptist  Missionary 
Magazine. 

The  American  Bookseller,  New  York 
City. 

The  Engineers’  Publishing  Company, 
Chicago,  Ill. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Street  Railway  j 
Gazette. 

The  Forum  Publishing  Company,  New 
York  City. 

Five  bound  volumes  of  The  Forum, and 
current  numbers  for  1889. 

The  Manufacturer  and  Builder. 

Eight  volumes,  1881-1888. 

The  Publishers’  Weekly,  New  York 
City. 

Publications. 

The  Trades  Publishing  Company,  Phil¬ 
adelphia,  Pa. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Philadelphia 
Carpet  Trade. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  9. 

The  Williams  Publishing  Company, 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Michael’s  System  of  Penmanship.  Mi¬ 
chael’s  Compendium  of  Penmanship. 

Thomas,  B.  F.,  publisher,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Painters’  Jour¬ 
nal. 

Time  Publishing  Company,  New  York 
City. 

Current  numbers  of  Time. 

Tovey,  A.  E.  J.,  24  Park  Place,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (773.) 

Current  numbers  and  bound  volumes 
of  The  Brewers’  Journal. 

Treasury  Department,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Annual  reports  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury. 

University  Publishing  Company,  New 
York  City. 

Vaile,  E.  O.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Current  numbers  of  Intelligence. 

Van  Antwerp,  Bragg  &  Co. , Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

Current  numbers  of  The  Alabama 
Teachers’  Journal. 

Vermont  State  Inspector  of  Finance, 
Woodstock,  Vt. 

Annual  report.  Laws  of  Vermont  re¬ 
lating  to  banks,  trusts,  etc. 

War  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Surgeon-General’s  office.  Parts  of  the 
medical  and  surgical  history  of  the 
United  States ;  annual  report  of 
Secretary  ;  Paymaster-General’s  re¬ 
ports  ;  Quartermaster-General’s  re¬ 
ports  ;  Chief  Engineer’s  reports  and 
professional  papers. 

Warren  S.  Edward.  (See  Classes  6, 7, 8.) 

White,  Betsy  Ann,  Bellingham,  Mass. 
(272.) 

Volume  entitled  Three  Holes  in  a 
Chimney. 

Wiley,  John  &  Sons.  (See  Class  6, 7, 8.) 

Williams, David,  New  York  City.  (230.) 

Current  numbers  of  The  Office,  The 
Metal  Worker,  The  Iron  Age,  The 
Pharmaceutical  Record,  and  The 
Carpenter  and  Builder. 

Worthington,  George,  New  York  City. 

Current  numbers  of  the  Electrical  Re¬ 
view. 

Young,  W.  H.,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

Five  volumes  of  fine  press-work. 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


302 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  10. 

Class  10.— Stationery,  Bookbinding, 
and  Articles  used  in  Painting 
and  Drawing. 

Adirondack  Pulp  Company  (The),  Troy, 
N.Y.  (774.) 

Fibrous,  mineral,  and  pure  talc  in  dif¬ 
ferent  stages  of  manufacture,  from 
talc  to  the  finished  product  called 
mineral  fiber  pulp. 

Brown,  L.  L.,  Paper  Company,  Grey- 
lock  Paper  Mills,  Adams,  Mass.  (460. ) 

Linen  ledger  and  record  papers,  for 
blank  books. 

Carter,  Dinsmore  &  Company,  162  Co¬ 
lumbus  Avenue,  Boston,  Mass.  (407.) 

Writing,  copying,  indelible,  and  safety 
inks;  mucilage;  liquid  glue. 

Case,  Brain ard  &  Lockwoqd  Com¬ 
pany,  Hartford,  Conn.,  blank  book 
for  register. 

Caw’s  Ink  and  Pen  Company,  189 
Broadway,  New  York,  N.Y.  (189.) 

Inks  and  pens.  Gold  pens,  pen  and 
pencil  cases. 

Fairchild,  Leroy  W.,  &  Co.,  189  Broad¬ 
way,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  G.  W.  Fair- 
child,  14  rue  de  la  Tremoille,  Paris. 
(246.) 

Little,  A.  P.,  New  York  City.  (809.) 

Type- writer  supplies, 

Lowell,  John  A.  &  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Framed  engravings. 

Morgan,  W.  E.,  180  and  182  Washington 
street,  Chicago,  Ill.  (50.) 

Printing,  marking,  and  lithographic 
inks;  bronze  powders  and  illuminat¬ 
ing  materials. 

Nassau  Manufacturing  Company,  140 
Nassau  street,  New  York,  N.Y.  (723.) 

An  air-tight  rubber  tip  mucilage  bottle. 

Philadelphia  N o velty  Company, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  (328.) 

Articles  for  writing  tables. 

Prang,  L.  &  Co.  ( See  Class  9.) 

Rogers  Stamp  Company  (The),  Provi¬ 
dence,  R.  I.  (799.) 

Stamp  with  clock  movement  indicat¬ 
ing  the  exact  moment  of  the  use  of 
instrument. 

Stafford,  S.  S.,  603,  605,  and  607  Wash¬ 
ington  street, New  York,  N.  Y.  (154.) 

Writing  and  copying  inks,  mucilage, 
glue. 


Story  &  Fox,  127  Erie  street,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  (464.) 

Specimens  of  steam-power  varnishing 
and  finishing  of  lithographs,  gum¬ 
ming  and  sizing  and  tin  japanning, 
paper  tags,  labels,  etc. 

Tiffany  &  Co.,  New  York  City.  (135.) 

Engravings  for  cards  and  letter-heads. 

Underwood,  John  &  Co.,  30  Vese^ 
street,  New  York,  N.Y.  (475.) 

Inks,  mucilage,  type- writer  ribbon^ 
and  supplies  ;  carbon  papers. 

Warren,  S.  D.,  &  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 
(687.) 

Fine  grades  printing  paper. 

Waterman,  L.  E.  Co.,  155  Broadway, 
New  York,  N.Y.  (760.) 

Fountain  pens. 

Weeks  &  Campbell,  32  Warren  street, 
New  York,  N.Y.  (136.) 

Advertising  specialties  in  leather  and 
celluloid,  memorandum  books,  cal¬ 
endars,  blotters,  tablets,  signs,  etc. 

Class  11. — Ordinary  Application  of 

the  Arts  of  Drawing  and  Model¬ 
ing. 

Associated  Artists  o  f  Cincinnati, 
Ohio. 

Nineteen  pieces  of  decorated  metal ; 
fifty  pieces  of  decorated  pottery. 

Baldwin  &  Gleason  Co.,  limited,  61 
Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (672.) 

Novelties  printed  from  steel,  engraved 
plates  on  celluloid  and  other  ma¬ 
terials. 

Brooks,  Caroline  S.,  Florence,  Italy. 

Decorative  sculptured  marbles:  Love’s 
Young  Dream,  Victoria  Regia,  and 
Diana. 

Co-operative  Building  Plan  Associa¬ 
tion,  63  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(199.) 

Building  designs.  (Two  volumes.) 

Dashiel,  Benj.  J.  Jr. ,  6  South  street, 
Baltimore,  Md.  (788.) 

Drawings  of  steam-engines. 

Edwards,  Morton  A.,  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

A  reduction  of  colossal  medallion  of 
James  Lick,  donor  of  the  telescope 
at  Mount  Hamilton  modeled  by  Mor¬ 
ton  A.  Edwards  and  cast  in  metal 
by  Kramer  Bros. 


REPORT  OP  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


Harris,  Nathaniel  R.,  811  Ellsworth 
street,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (185.) 

Designs  for  cabinet  furniture. 

Lowell,  John  A.  &  Co.  (See  Class  9.) 

Maillard,  Henry,  New  York.  (15.) 

The  Venus  de  Milo  molded  in  choco¬ 
late;  weight,  700  kilograms  (1,400 
pounds). 

Morgan,  W.  E.,  180  and  182  Washington 
street,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Heraldic  Engraving.  Dies.  Stamps. 

Prang,  L.  &  Co.  (See  Class  9.) 

Rath,  Arthur,  58  Ann  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (88.) 

Vignettes  engraved  on  stone  (lithog¬ 
raphy). 

Tiffany  &  Co.  (See  Class  10,  etc.). 

Class  12. — Photographic  Proofs  and 
Apparatus. 

Alman,  Louis,  172  Fifth  avenue,  New 
York,N.  Y.  (880.) 

Photographs. 

Barker,  George,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y. 
(628.) 

Instantaneous  photographs  of  Niagara, 
Florida,  and  other  American  scenery. 

Beal,  J.  H. ,  278  Pearl  street,  New  York, 
N.Y.  (655.) 

Large  photographic  views. 

Bloch,  Benoit;  179  Myrtle  avenue, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  (550.) 

Photographs  representing  the  four 
seasons. 

Clark,  D.  R.,  2134  Michigan  boulevard, 
Chicago,  Ill.  (514.) 

Photographs. 

Coolidge,  Baldwin,  Boston,  Mass. 

Twenty-four  photographs,  exteriors 
and  interiors. 

Cox,  G.  C.,  826  Broadway,  New  York, 
N.Y.  (637.) 

Framed  photographs. 

Eastman  Dry  Plate  and  Film  Com¬ 
pany,  Rochester,  N.  Y.  (524.) 

Photographic  apparatus  and  materials. 
Kodak  camera. 

Guerin,  F.  W. ,  1137  Washington  avenue, 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  (295.) 

Framed  photographs. 

Landy,  James,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  (338.) 

Framed  photographs. 

Lloyd,  James,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

Thirty  photographs  of  groups. 


303 

Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  12. 

Marx,  Ernest,  Plainfield,  N.  J.  (815.) 

Instantaneous  photographs  of  animals. 

Rowland,  Henry  A.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Photographs  of  the  normal  and  carbon 
spectrums. 

Ryder,  J.  F. ,  239  to  243  Superior  street, 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  (743.) 

Framed  photographs. 

Scholten,  John  A.,  920  and  922  Olive 
street,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  (440.) 

Framed  photographs. 

Seavey,  Lafayette  W.,  216  East  Ninth 
street,  New  York  City.  (651.) 

Photographic  backgrounds  and  acces¬ 
sories. 

Smith  &  Pattison,  261  and  263  State 
street,  Chicago,  Ill.  (781.) 

Quadruple  enameler  for  burnishing 
photographs. 

Smith,  Sydney  M.,  Commissioner  from 
the  State  of  California,  San  Fran¬ 
cisco,  Cal.  (817.) 

Photographic  views,  by  Matthews,  il¬ 
lustrating  the  Lick  telescope  and  the 
observatory. 

Society  of  Amateur  Photographers 
of  New  York,  C.  W.  Canfield, 
president,  122  West  Thirty-sixth 
street,  New  York  City.  (297.) 

Photographs.  A  collective  exhibition 
of  the  work  of  the  members. 

Stein,  S.  L.,  Milwaukee,  Wis. 

Photographs. 

Tabor,  H.,  photographer,  San  Francisco, 
Cal.  (668.) 

Photographs  of  the  corona  of  the  sun. 

Thors,  corner  Larkin  and  Sutter  streets, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Instantaneous  photographs. 

U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  J.  W.  Pow¬ 
ell,  Director.  (757.) 

Photographic  views  on  glass  of  scenery, 
Indians,  etc. 

University  of  California,  Lick  Ob¬ 
servatory,  E.  S.  Holden,  director, 
Berkeley,  Cal.  (620.) 

Photographs  of  Lick  Observatory. 
Photographs  of  the  moon,  etc. 

Vanderbilt,  J.  W.,  Alaska.  (896.) 

Photographic  views  of  Alaska  Terri¬ 
tory. 

Wood,  George  B.,  Drexel  Building. 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  (688.) 

Photographs. 


304 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  17. 

Class  13.— Musical  Instruments. 

Bohman,  Joseph,  Chicago,  Ill.  (247.) 

Violins,  guitars,  zithers,  etc. 

Dion,  Charles,  7  rue  de  T Arcade,  Paris, 
France.  (211.) 

Four  improved  violins  on  Dion’s  new 
system  of  bridge. 

Weber,  Albert,  108  Fifth  avenue,  New 
York  City.  (293.) 

Four  pianos. 

Class  14.— Medicine  and  Surgery- 
Veterinary  and  Comparative 
Medicine. 

Armour  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill.  (840.) 

Extract  of  meat. 

Brown,  E.  Parmley,  Flushing,  N.  Y. 
(186.) 

Specimens  of  dental  work  and  appli¬ 
ances  for  dentists’  use. 

Farrington,  Cleopatra  K. ,  17  Allston 
street,  Boston,  Mass.  (123.) 

The  obelisk,  an  abdominal  and  spinal 
supporter  made  of  hard  rubber, 
without  springs. 

Fell,  George  E.,  72  Niagara  street,  Buf¬ 
falo,  N.  Y.  (393.) 

Apparatus  to  keep  up  the  respiration 
of  asphyxiated  human  beings. 

Frees,  C.  A.,  766  Broadway,  New  York 
City.  (9.) 

Artificial  limbs,  and  appliances  for 
shortened  and  deformed  limbs ; 
crutches. 

Hoffman,  Lena  M.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
(731.) 

Gynaecological  chairs. 

Nicholson,  J.W.,  4  rue  Drouot,  Paris, 
France.  (421.) 

Artificial  ear-drums. 

Piper,  Doremus  &  Co.,  125  and  127  Pearl 
street,  New  York  City.  (789.) 

Rubber  syringes,  atomizers,  rubber 
bulbs,  etc. 

Pomeroy  Truss  Company,  785  Broad¬ 
way,  New  York  City.  (527.) 

Spinal  apparatus. 

Rottenstein,  Dr.  J.  B.,  25  rue  Royale, 
Paris,  France.  (449.) 

Specimens  of  dentistry;  crown  bar  and 
bridge  work. 

Schott,  William,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  (761.) 

Antiseptic  surgical  instruments. 


Seabury  &  Johnson,  21  Platt  street. 
New  York  City,  and  46  Jewin  street, 
London,  E.C.  (329.) 

Manufacturers  of  pharmacopoeial, 
medicinal,  and  surgical  plasters,  an¬ 
tiseptic  dressings,  absorbents, splints, 
and  surgical  specialties. 

Class  15. — Instruments  of  Precision. 

Booth,  Mary  A.,  Longmeadow,  Mass. 
(370.) 

Microscopical  preparations  of  various 
objects,  mounted  on  slips. 

Darling,  Brown  &  Sharpe, Providence, 
R.I.  (156.) 

Rules,  try-squares,  gauges,  and  meas¬ 
uring  instruments. 

Hollerith,  Herman, 617  Seventh  street, 
Washington,  D.  C.  (274.) 

Electrical  and  mechanical  apparatus 
for  compiling  census  and  similar 
statistics. 

Lubin,  Siegmund,  237  North  Eighth 
street,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (269.) 

Optical  goods;  eye-glasses  and  spec¬ 
tacles;  eye-tester. 

Lugano,  C. ,  Kingston,  N.  Y.  (753.) 

Eye  and  opera  glasses. 

McDonald,  Alexander  E.,  223  Scher- 
merhorn  street,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
(776.) 

Hand  measures  for  fitting  gloves. 

Rowland,  Henry  A.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Optical  gratings. 

Taylor,  Thomas,  M.  D.,  Microscopist, 
U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture, 
Washington. 

New  combination  freezing  microtome, 
the  invention  of  Thomas  Taylor. 
Pocket  polariscope  for  the  detection 
of  imitation  butter. 

Thatcher,  Edwin,  Decatur,  Ala. 

Slide  rule. 

United  States  Signal  Service,  Gen¬ 
eral  A.  W.  Greely,  Chief  Signal  Of¬ 
ficer,  War  Department,  Washington, 
D.  C.  (722.) 

Meteorological  instruments:  Triple 
self -register,  miniature  wind- vane, 
anemometer,  rain  gauge.  A  moun¬ 
tain  barometer  with  double  vernier 
and  tuck  cistern. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


305 


United  States  Naval  Observatory, 
Capt.  R.  L.  Phythian,  Superinten¬ 
dent,  Washington,  D.C.  (824.) 

Gardner’s  system  of  observatory  elec¬ 
tric  time  signals,  controlling  clocks, 
dropping  time  balls,  and  other  sig¬ 
nals. 

Wetzel,  John,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 
(490.) 

Patent  self -measurement  chart  for  fit¬ 
ting  boots  and  shoes. 

Class  16.— Geographical  and  Cosmo- 

graphical  Maps  and  Apparatus. 

Topography. 

Colvin,  Yerplanck,  Superintendent  of 
the  New  York  State  Adirondack 
Survey,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Reports  on  Adirondack  surveys. 

Cook,  G.  H.,  State  geologist  of  New 
Jersey,  New  Brunswick,  N.  J.  (Con¬ 
tributor). 

Final  reports  of  surveys,  with  maps. 

Corps  of  Engineers,  United  States 
Army,  Washington,  D.C. 

Charts  and  reports. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.C.  (734.) 

Maps  showing  the  geographical  distri¬ 
bution  of  mammals  and  birds  of  eco¬ 
nomic  importance. 

Foote,  Albert  Edward,  1223  Belmont 
avenue,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (798.) 

Geological  maps  and  reports.  (See  also 
class  8). 

Geological  Survey  of  Wisconsin, 
Madison,  Wis.,  T.  C.  Chamberlin, 
Chief. 

Four  volumes  of  the  report  and  three 
portfolios  of  maps  of  the  survey. 

Hall,  James  H.,  C.  E.,  Albany,  N.  Y. 

Various  reports  of  geological  surveys. 

Hydrographic  Office,  Navy  Depart¬ 
ment,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Charts. 

Lesley,  J.  P.,  State  geologist  of  Penn¬ 
sylvania,  Harrisburg,  Pa.  (Contrib¬ 
utor). 

Second  geological  survey  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  48  volumes,  with  18  portfolios 
of  maps,  and  6  atlases. 

Minnesota  State  Geological  Survey, 
Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Annual  reports. 

H.  Ex.  410 - 20 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  17. 
Osborn,  Prof.  Henry  S.,  Oxford,  Ohio. 
(255.) 

Large  wall  maps  of  Palestine  and  part 
of  Syria. 

Rand,  McNally  &  Co.,  New  York,  N.  Y. ,. 
Chicago,  Ill.  (198.)  (See  Class  6.) 
Mounted  maps,  map  cases,  atlases. 
United  States  Coast  Survey,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C. 

Charts. 

United  States  Geological  Survey, 
Washington,  D.  C.  (See  Class  8.) 
United  States  Signal  Service,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.  (See  Class  15.) 
Whitehorse,  Frederic  Cope,  care  of 
Whitehouse  &  Co.,  corner  Broad 
street  and  Exchange  Place,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (335.) 

A  relief  map  of  the  Raiyan  and  Fay- 
oum  depressions  in  Middle  Egypt, 
from  original  surveys,  with  com¬ 
plete  details  of  the  ancient  canal, 
the  Balir  Jusut  or  River  of  Joseph, 
and  the  New  Raiyan  canal  and  res¬ 
ervoir. 

Winchell,  N.  H.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
Reports  and  Charts  of  the  State  Geo¬ 
logical  Survey  of  Minnesota. 

GROUP  3.— FURNITURE  AND  ACCESSORIES. 

Class  17. — Cheap  and  Fine  Furniture. 

Brunswick,  Balke,  Collender  Co.,, 
H.  W.  Collender,  president,  806  > 
Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (29.) 
Billiard  tables,  billiard  balls,  and  arti¬ 
cles  relating  to  the  game  of  billiards. 
Cutler,  A.,  &  Son.  166  Pearl  street,. 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (313.) 

Furniture:  Desks,  chairs,  tables,  shav¬ 
ing  stands. 

Derby  &  Kilmer  Desk  Co.,  Somerville, 
Mass.  (165.) 

Office  furniture:  R  11-top  desks,  let¬ 
ter-press  stand,  chairs. 

Heywood  Bros.  &  Co.,  297  Cherry 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (433.) 
Chairs,  rattan  furniture,  and  children’s 
carriages. 

Lambie,  R.  M.,  39  East  Nineteenth  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (331.) 

Book-holder. 


806 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors  — Class  18. 

Marks  Adjustable  Folding  Chair  Co.  ,  s 
930  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (13.) 

Adjustable  reclining  chairs. 

Merklen  Brothers,  390  East  Third 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y|  (592.) 

Spiral  furniture. 

Pike,  William  H.,  206  Broadway,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (173.) 

Bow-guide  and  music-holder  for  violin. 

Windsor  Folding  Bed  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill. 
(835.) 

Folding  beds. 

Class  18.— Upholsterers’  and  Deco¬ 
rators’  Work. 

American  Braided  Wire  Co.,  Joseph 
L.  Wells,  president,  1017  Chestnut 
street,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (109.) 

Torsion  braided  wire  mattresses,  pil¬ 
lows,  and  springs  for  upholstery. 

Evanhoe,  Frank  N.,  300  Mulberry 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (164.) 

4n  emblematic  design,  embroidered  ! 
in  silk  by  Miss  Mary  J.  Fay. 

Hartford  W oven  W ire  Mattress  Co.  ,  I 
Henry  Roberts,  president,  618  Cap-  I 
itol  avenue,  Hartford,  Conn.  (227.)  j 

Woven  wire  mattresses,  iron  bedsteads. 

Knitted  Mattress  Co.,  Geo.  F.  Sumner, 
president,  Canton,  Mass.  (666.) 

Mattresses,  carpet  lining,  etc. 

Vizet,  V.,  New  Rochelle,  New  York. 
(399.) 

Metal  easels  and  supports  for  ceramic 
specimens. 

Class  19.— Crystal,  Glass  and 
Stained  Glass. 

Buffalo  Stained  Glass-Works,  29 
Pearl  street,  Buffalo,  N.Y.  (466.) 

Specimens  of  ecclesiastic  and  domes¬ 
tic  art  stained  glass. 

COLLAMORE,  Davis  &  Co.  (limited), 
921  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(254.) 

Pottery  and  glass ;  collective  exhibit. 

Ford,  Edwin,  Boston,  Mass. 

Window. 

Fromont,  Henri,  New  Orleans,  La. 
(111). 

Glassware,  artistically  cut  and  en¬ 
graved. 


Greenough,  Walter  C.,  61  Washing¬ 
ton  square,  New  York.  (634.) 

Stained  glass  window  ;  painted  opal¬ 
escent  glass. 

Hawkes,  T.  G. ,  Corning,  N.  Y.  (670.) 

Cut  crystal. 

Healy  &  Millet,  22  Wabash  avenue, 
Chicago,  Ill.  (756.) 

Stained  glass. 

Heidt,  Louis,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  (905.) 

Four  frames  leaded  stained  glass;  four 
frames  stained  glass  in  putty. 

Henry,  C.  Edward,  Kokomo,  Howard 
County,  Ind.  (676.) 

Opalescent  glass  made  in  sheets ;  all 
colors. 

La  Farge,  John,  51  West  Tenth  street, 
New  York,  N.Y.  (377.) 

Artistic  stained  glass. 

Macbeth,  George  A.,  &  Co.,  Pitts¬ 
burgh,  Pa.  (418.) 

Lamp  chimneys  and  globes  for  lan¬ 
terns,  clear  and  colored. 

Mallon,  John,  Pacific  Art  Glass-Works, 
Howard  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
(442.) 

One  art  glass  window :  Subject,  “The 
Graduate,”  taken  from  life. 

Tjffany  &  Co.  ( See  Class  37.) 

Western  Glass  Sign  Works,  309  Mich¬ 
igan  street,  Buffalo,  N.Y.  (278.) 

Specimens  of  embossed  glass  signs  and 
artistic  decorations  on  glass. 

Class  20.— Ceramics. 

Associated  Artists  of  Cincinnati, 
Ohio,  Clara  M.  Newton,  secretary. 

Decorated  porcelains. 

|  Low,  J.  G.  &  J.  F.,  Chelsea,  Mass.  (162.) 
Art  tiles,  tile  stoves,  etc. 

i  Rookwood  Pottery,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
(671.) 

Art  pottery. 

Class  22.— Decorated  Papers. 

i  Warren,  Lange  &  Co.,  129  East  Forty- 
second  street,  New  York,  N.Y.  (193.) 

Wall  papers. 

Wemple  ,  Jay  C .,  Co .,  Alonzo  E .  Wemple , 
president,  537  Broadway,  New  York, 
N.Y.  (177.) 

Decorated  window  shades  and  spring 
fixtures. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL, - APPENDIX  K.  307 


Class  23. —  Cutlery,  Knives,  Pen¬ 
knives,  Scissors,  Razors,  etc.  Va¬ 
rious  Articles  of  Cutlery. 

De  Bernales  &  Co.,  67  New  street,  New 
York,  N.Y.  (626.) 

Household  cutlery,  nickeled,  and 
which  does  not  require  polishing. 

Philadelphia  Novelty  Co.,  Philadel¬ 
phia,  Pa.  (328.) 

“  Novelty”  pocket  knives  and  knives 
for  special  purposes. 

Tiffany  &  Co.,  Union  square,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (135.) 

Table  knives  and  toilet  cutlery  with 
mountings  of  ivory  and  of  silver. 

Class  24.— Goldsmiths’  and  Silver¬ 
smiths’  Work. 

Cook,  G.  R.,  &  Co.,  92  Chambers  street, 
New  York.  (873.) 

Pickle  forks,  table  specialties. 

Pairchild,  Leroy  W.,  &  Co.,  189 
Broadway,  New  York.  (246.) 

Gold  pens,  pencil  cases,  fountain  pens, 
match-boxes,  cigarette  cases,  flasks, 
pocket  knives,  whistles,  cigar  cut¬ 
ters,  fancy  pen-holders,  etc.  In 
gold,  silver,  and  rolled-gold  plate. 

Gorham  Manufacturing  Co.  ,  Edward 
Holbrook,  treasurer,  Broadway  and 
Nineteenth  street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(153.) 

Solid  silver  ware. 

Meriden  Britannia  Co.,  Meriden,  Conn. 
(445.) 

Silver-plated  ware. 

Parker,  M.  E.,  Boston,  Mass.  (891.) 
Art  scale  works. 

Tiffany  &  Co.,  Union  square,  New 
York,  N.Y.  (135.) 

Silver  ware  for  household  use,  the 
table,  the  toilet,  and  for  ornament, 
decorated  with  chasing,  etching, 
niello,  enameling,  jeweling,  and  in¬ 
lays  of  metal. 

Class  25. — Art  Bronzes  and  Castings, 
Artistic  Iron-work  and  Repousse 
Metal-work. 

McLaughlin,  M.  Louise,  Walnut  Hills, 
Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Repousse  work  in  copper  and  brass, 
panels,  vases,  clock-faces,  etc. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  27. 
Class  26.— Watches  and  Clocks. 

Giles,  F.  S.,  State  street,  Chicago,  Ill. 
(884.) 

Anti-magnetic  shield  for  watches. 

Heinrich,  H.  H.,  14  John  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (373.) 

Chronometers. 

Kahenn,  A. ,  &  Co. ,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  (702.) 
Clocks  and  watches  for  railway  serv¬ 
ice,  etc. 

Rogers  Automatic  Stamp  Co.,  Prov¬ 
idence,  R.  I.  (799.) 

Automatic  dating  stamp. 

Thomas  (Seth)  Clock  Co.,  Tliomaston, 
Conn.,  and  20  Murray  street,  New 
York  City. 

Clocks  of  precision. 

Tiffany  &  Co.,  Union  square,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (135.) 

Hall  clocks. 

Trenton  Watch  Co.,  177  Broadway, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (770.) 

Watches,  cased  in  gold,  gold  filled, 
silverine,  and  nickel. 

Waterbury  Watch  Co.,  Water  bury* 
Conn.  (45.) 

Waterbury  watches. 

Class  27.— Apparatus  and  Processes 
for  Heating.  Apparatus  and  Pro¬ 
cesses  for  Lighting  otherwise 
than  by  Electricity. 

De  Bernales  &  Co.,  67  New  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (626.) 

Lamps  of  all  kinds,  made  of  paper  and 
unbreakable. 

Dopp,  H.  Wm,,&  Son,  462  Ellicot  street, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (410.) 
Steam-jacketed,  cast-iron  kettles. 

Frank  F.  A.,  316  East  Eighty-second 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (391.) 
Cook-stoves. 

Michigan  Radiator  and  Iron  Manu¬ 
facturing  Co. ,  Detroit,  Mich.  (470.) 
Steam  and  liot-water  radiators. 

Nutrizio,  Henry,  Beekman  and  Wil¬ 
liam  streets,  New  York,N.  Y.  (94.) 
Coffee-pots. 

Philadelphia  Novelty  Manufactur¬ 
ing  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (328.) 
Gas  burners  and  gas  fixtures. 


308 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  28. 

Pike,Wm.  Henry,  206  Broadway,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (173.) 

Tea-pots,  gas  burners,  and  stoves 

Reid,  Adam,  119  Main  street,  Buffalo,  N. 
Y.  (388.) 

Portable  oven. 

Rochester  Lamp  Co.,  25  Warren  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (698.) 

Lamp  and  gas  burners. 

Shepard,  Sidney  &  Co.,  145  Seneca 
street,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (309.) 

Stove-pipe  damper,  flour  sifter,  steam 
egg  poacher,  mincing  knife. 

Simpson,  L.  A.,  12  rue  Bacon,  Paris. 
(827.) 

Universal  Stove. 

Vizet,  V.,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y.  v400.) 

Gas  bracket. 

Class  28. — Perfumery. 

Colgate  &  Co.,  55  John  street,  New 
York.  N.  Y.  (267.) 

Perfumery,  toilet  soaps,  toilet  articles, 
powders,  essences,  etc. 

Doussan  French  Perfumery  Co.  ,  Chas. 
K.  Hall,  president,  New  Orleans,  La. 
(473.) 

Perfumery,  powders  for  the  face, 
soaps. 

Hartrick,  Ed.,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  (97.) 

California  perfumes,  toilet  soaps,  and 
waters. 

Houghton,  W.  V.,  &  Co.,  1664  Lamont 
street,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  (113.) 

Toilet  soaps. 

Jackson,  A.  C.,  Sanford,  Fla.  (456.) 

Florida  perfumes  of  Leesburgh  Manu¬ 
facturing  Co. 

Ladd  &  Coffin,  24  Barclay  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (289.) 

Lundborg's  perfumery  in  bottles,  etc. 
Fountain  for  perfumery  in  opera¬ 
tion. 

Lorenz,  George,  121  St.  Clair  street, 
Toledo,  Ohio.  (126.) 

Perfumery  and  toilet  articles. 

Mann,  C.  A.,  &  Co.,  48  Murray  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (279.) 

Perfumes  and  toilet  articles. 

Ricksecker,  Theodore,  146  William 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (131.) 

Perfumery  and  toilet  goods. 

Rottenstein,  Dr.  J.  B.,  25  rue  Royale, 
Paris,  France.  (448.) 

Dentifrices. 


Sheffield,  L.  T.,26  West  Thirty-second 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (494.) 

Creme  Dentifrice  in  tubes  and  in  jars; 
Elixir  Balm  in  bottles. 

Class  29. —Leather  Work,  Fancy 

Wooden  Articles,  Baskets,  and 

Brushes. 

Auganes,  Hans,  440  Seminary  avenue, 
Chicago,  Ill.  (621.) 

Wood  carving:  Glove- box,  breastpin, 
napkin-ring,  paper-knife. 

Bailey,  C.  J.,  &  Co.,  132  Pearl  street, 
Boston,  Mass.  (75.) 

Patent  rubber  bath,  flesh,  toilet,  tooth, 
and  erasive  brushes. 

Bissell  Carpet  Sweeper  Co.,  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.,  and  103  Chambers 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (22.) 

Carpet-sweepers  for  sweeping  floors 
of  all  descriptions,  whether  covered 
or  bare. 

Castle  Carpet  Sweeper,  Geneva,  Ohio. 
(454.) 

Carpet  Sweepers. 

Demuth,  William,  &  Co.,  507  Broad¬ 
way,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (249.) 

Manufacturers  of  meerschaum  and 
briarwood:  Show-piece  and  pipes. 

Estes,  E.  B.,  &  Sons,  254  Pearl  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (121.) 

Turned  wooden- ware  of  all  kinds. 

Gorham  Manufacturing  Co.  ,  New  York 
City.  (153.) 

Fancy  articles. 

Harris,  Joseph,  Boston,  Mass.  (898.) 

Artificial  leather. 

Hickok,  Dervey  K.,  Morrisville,  Vt. 
(371.) 

Clothes-drver. 

Horsey  Manufacturing  Co.,  Utica, 
N.  Y.  (17.) 

Felt  tooth-polishers. 

Houghton,  H.,  &  Co.,  Palmetto,  Fla. 

(102.) 

Sea-bean  and  alligator  jewelry  and 
fancy  articles. 

Howard  Strop  Co.,  Charlestown,  Mass. 
(149.) 

Razor  strops. 

Richmond  Cedar  Works  (limited),  Rich¬ 
mond,  Va.  (112.) 

White,  striped,  and  red  cedar  ware, 
electric  barrel  churn,  elastic  hoop 
ware. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  309 


Schramm,  H.  Gottfried,  521  North  Sec¬ 
ond  street,  Camden,  N.  J.  (305.) 

A  collection  of  smoking  devices,  to 
show  different  arrangements  and 
improvements  in  smoking  tobacco 
and  for  fumigating. 

Tiffany  &  Co. ,  Union  square,  New  York,  l 
N.  Y.  (135.) 

Fine  leather  goods,  pocket-books,  j 
purses,  note-books,  card-cases,  port¬ 
folios,  cigar  and  cigarette  cases,  blot-  j 
ters,  pads,  and  various  articles  for 
the  library  table  in  fine  leather  and 
skins,  richly  mounted  in  gold  and  j 
silver.  Ivory  articles  for  the  toilet  | 
and  for  library  tables,  richly  carved,  I 
and  mounted  in  gold  and  silver, 
chased,  etched,  enameled,  inlaid. 

Torrey  &  Co. ,  Worcester,  Mass.  (459.)  ! 

Razor  strops. 

GROUP  4.— TEXTILE  FABRICS,  WEARING  AP¬ 
PAREL  AND  ACCESSORIES. 

Class  30. —Cotton  Thread  and  Fabrics,  j 

Arlington  Mills,  Lawrence,  Mass.  ! 
Robert  Redford,  agent. 

Illustrations  of  partial  processes  in 
manufacture  of  spun  yarn  used  by  I 
manufacturers  for  covering  wire. 

Atlantic  Cotton  Mills,  Lawrence, 
Mass. ,  T.  W.  Sherman,  agent. 

Manufacture  of  white  cotton  goods  and 
sheeting. 

Garner  &  Co.,  2  Worth  street,  New  j 
York,  N.  Y.  (318.) 

Printed  cotton  fabrics. 

Lane  Mills,  New  Orleans.  La. 

Manufacture  of  ‘  ‘  Odenheimer  cotton 
bagging,”  bagging  and  twine. 

W illimantic  Linen  Co.,  Willimantic, 
Conn.,  E.S.Boss,  agent. 

Series  illustrating  conversion  of  raw 
cotton  into  spool  thread. 

Class  31. — Thread  and  Fabrics  of 
Hemp,  Flax,  etc. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.C.  (734.) 

Manufactured  American  flax  fiber. 

Hart,  A.H..  &  Co.,  White  street,  New 
York. 

Illustration  of  the  manufacture  of 
hemp  and  flax  twine. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  35. 

Kentucky  River  Mills,  Frankfort,  Ky. 

Illustrations  of  manufacture  of  hemp 
binder  twine. 

Class  32. — Threads  and  Fabrics  of 

Combed  Wool,  Threads  and  Fab¬ 
rics  of  Carded  Wool. 

Arlington  Mills,  Lawrence,  Mass. 

Series  illustrating  the  various  processes 
in  the  manufacture  of  ladies’  dress 
goods. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington.  D.C.  (734.) 

Collective  exhibit  of  wool. 

Middlesex  Mills,  Lowell.  Mass. 

Series  illustrating  partial  processes  in 
the  manufacture  of  yacht  cloth. 

United  States  Bunting  Co.,  Lowell, 
Mass. 

Series  illustrating  partial  processes  in 
the  manufacture  of  bunting  for  flags. 

Class  33. 

Cheney  Brothers,  Manchester,  Conn. 

Silk  flags  for  decoration  of  United 
States  sections. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington.  D.  C. 

Raw  silk  reeled  in  the  experimental 
filature  at  Washington,  artistically 
arranged  to  show  the  arms  of  the 
United  States. 

Raw  silk  reeled  in  the  United  States 
from  worms  fed  on  Madura  auran- 
tiaca. 

Class  34.— Laces,  Net,  Embroidery, 
and  Trimmings. 

Castle  Braid  Co.  .  15  Mercer  street,  New 
York.  (330.) 

Manufactured  braid. 

Class  35.— Articles  of  Hosiery  and 

Underclothing,  Accessories  of 

Wearing  Apparel. 

American  Braided  Wire  Co.,  Philadel¬ 
phia,  Pa.  (109.) 

Wire  work  for  women’s  dress. 

Chanut,  J.  M.\  2  West  Fourteenth  street; 
New  York  City.  (601.) 

Kid  gloves . 

Follmer,  Clogg  &  Co.,  414  Broadway, 
New  York.  (838.) 

Umbrellas,  canes,  etc. 


310 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  36. 

International  Fastener  Co. ,  10  Wall 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (868.) 

American  corsets,  with  the  Calumet 
corset  clasp. 

Lyon,  Amasa,  &  Co. ,  H.  E.  Nicolay,  sec¬ 
retary,  684  Broadway,  New  York, 
N.  Y.  (86.) 

Umbrellas,  parasols,  walking  sticks, 
whips,  and  handles  for  these  goods. 

Mayer,  Strouse  &  Co.,  412  Broadway, 
New  York,  N,  Y.  (72.) 

Manufactured  corsets  and  clasps. 

Noyes,  Joseph  P.,  Binghamton,  N.  Y. 
(150.) 

Buttons  for  attaching  to  clothes  auto¬ 
matically. 

Siegel  Bros.,  65  Wooster  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (834.) 

Ladies’  and  children’s  underwear. 

Roth  &  Goldschmidt,  16  Walker  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (409.) 

Corsets. 

Wogan,  A.  R.,  &  Co.,  55  Boerum  street, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  (796.) 

Fancy  jet  and  other  buttons. 

Class  36. — Wearing  Apparel  for 
Both  Sexes. 

Beneke  Bros.,  199  Canal  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (816.) 

Hand-made  boots  and  shoes. 

Dellac,  Madame  S.,  24  West  Twenty- 
fourth  street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (89.) 

Dinner  dress. 

Dunlap,  R.,  &  Co.,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(140.) 

Silk  hats,  opera  hats,  cassimere  hats, 
straw  hats,  stiff  and  soft  felt  hats. 

Franklin,  Fifth  avenue  and  Twentieth 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (718.) 

Boy’s  velveteen  suit  of  American  man¬ 
ufacture. 

Friedlander,  A.,  &  Co.,  377  Broadway, 
New  York.  (811.) 

Cloaks  for  ladies. 

Hough  &  Ford,  111  Mill  street,  Roch¬ 
ester,  N.  Y.  (694.) 

Ladies’  fine  shoes. 

Schloss,  N.  J.,  &  Co.,  653  Broadway, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (751.) 

Clothing  for  children. 

Sendker,  Alfred  H.,  309  Michigan 
street,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (276.) 

Men’s  shoes,  hand-sewed. 


Shillaber  &  Co.,  Lynn,  Mass.  (94.) 

Ladies’  and  misses’  boots  and  shoes. 

Stetson,  John  B.,  Co.,  Fourth  street 
and  Montgomery  avenue,  Phila¬ 
delphia,  Pa.  (11.) 

Fine  fur  hats,  soft  and  stiff  felt  hats. 

War  Department,  Washington,  D.  C.,. 
Quartermaster  -  General’s  Depart¬ 
ment,  U.  S.  Army. 

Lay  figures  illustrating  the  historic 
uniforms  of  the  American  Army. 

Group  A. — 1.  Field  officer,  infantry 
regiment,  1776.  2.  Officer,  Wash¬ 
ington  guards,  1776.  3.  Rawlings 

Maryland  Rifleman,  1776.  4.  Infan¬ 
try  soldier,  Pennsylvania  regiment, 
1776.  5.  Artillery  soldier,  Conti¬ 

nental  Army,  1777.  6.  Morgan  Vir¬ 
ginia  Riflemen,  1776. 

Group  B. — 7.  Brigadier-general,  Con¬ 
tinental  Army,  1780.  8.  Aides-de- 

camp,  Continental  Army,  1780.  9. 
Light  dragoon,  Continental  Army, 
1782.  10.  Infantry  soldier,  Conti¬ 

nental  Army,  1782. 

Group  C. — 11.  Flying  dragoon,  1812. 
12.  Artillery  soldier,  1812.  13.  In¬ 

fantry  soldier,  1812. 

Class  37.— Jewelry  and  Precious 
Stones. 

Carlsen,  John,  Tocarro,  N.  Mex. 

Filagree  work. 

Drake  Co.,  Francis  C.  Hatch,  agent,  St. 
Paul,  Minn. ,  and  Sioux  Falls,  S.  Dak. 
(660.) 

Arizona  petrified  wood,  embracing 
table-tops,  ornamental  articles,  jew¬ 
elry,  polished  section  showing  per¬ 
fect  heart  and  bark  of  trees,  and  til¬ 
ing  for  interior  decoration. 

Fairchild,  Leroy  W.,  &  Co.,  New  York. 
(246.) 

Jewelry  and  precious  metals, 
j  Fradley,  J.  F. ,  &  Co. ,  23  John  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (461.) 

Gold  heads  for  canes. 

Hamlin,  Aug.  C.,  M.  D.,  Bangor,  Me. 
(697.) 

Tourmaline  gems;  a  series  of  cut  speci¬ 
mens  showing  the  various  colors  of 
the  gem  occurring  at  Mount  Mica,, 
Maine. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


311 


Horton,  Angell  &  Co.,  Attleborough, 
Mass.  (B07.) 

Sleeve  buttons,  collar  buttons,  studs, 
and  other  jewelry;  chains,  charms, 
rings,  etc. 

Kent  &  Stanley,  Providence,  R.  I. 
(766.) 

Seamless  filled  gold  chains. 

Rider,  S.  A.,  &  Co.,  502,  504,  506  North 
Sixth  street,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  (6.) 

Hot  Springs  white-stone  brilliants, 
Florida  shell  and  sea-bean  work,  al¬ 
ligator  teeth  jewelry. 

Tiffany  &  Co.,  Union  square,  New 
York,  N.  Y. 

Jewelry  of  precious  metals,  chased, 
carved,  enameled  :  inlays  of  pre¬ 
cious  metals,  etched,  engraved,  and 
mounted,  filagreed,  adorned  with 
precious  stones  and  pearls  ;  dia¬ 
monds  and  other  precious  stones, 
unset,  cut,  and  uncut ;  carved  rock 
crystal,  American  cutting,  Ameri¬ 
can  pearls. 

Uibel  &  Barber,  39  Vesey  street,  New 
York,  N.Y.  (389.) 

Alligator  teeth,  sea-bean,  and  sea-shell 
jewelry. 

Class  38. — Portable  Weapons,  Hunt¬ 
ing. 

Bailey,  Farrel  &  Co.,  619  Smithfield 
street,  Pittsburgh,  Pa.  (404.) 

Automatic  cartridge-loaders. 

Colt's  Patent  Fire-Arms  Manufact¬ 
uring  Co.,  Hartford,  Conn.  (157.) 

Fire-arms,  pistols,  rifles,  and  revolvers. 

Smith  &  Wesson,  Springfield,  Mass. 
(379.) 

Revolvers. 

Standard  Target  Co.,  121  Superior 
street,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  (303.) 

Target  traps  and  cases  of  targets. 

Union  Metallic  Cartridge  Co.,  M. 
Hartley,  president,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 
(493.) 

Models  of  ammunition. 

Winchester  Repeating  Arms  Co.,  New 
Haven,  Conn.  (263.) 

Fire-arms,  sporting  and  military  me¬ 
tallic  ammunition,  reloading  tools. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors,— Class  41. 

Class  39.— Articles  for  Traveling 
and  Camp  Equipage. 

Boston  Rubber  Shoe  Co.  ,  Boston,  Mass. 
(530.) 

Rubber  boots  and  shoes. 

Folding  Trunk  Co.,  712  Broadway, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (220.) 

Patent  folding  trunks. 

Lawrence,  R.  F. ,  &  Co. ,  196  Pearl  street, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (485.) 

Bouquet  holders. 

Marks  Adjustable  Folding  -  Chair 
Co.  (limited),  F.  R.  Marks,  presi¬ 
dent,  980  Broadway,  New  York, N.Y. 
(13.) 

Adjustable  folding  chairs,  gynaeco¬ 
logical  chairs,  railway-car  chairs, 
invalid  rolling  chairs,  adjustable 
reading  and  writing  desks. 

Class  40.— Toys. 

Gendron  Iron  Wheel  Co.,  J.  F.  Vogel, 
secretary,  Toledo,  Ohio.  (243.) 

Children’s  carriages,  velocipedes,  bicy¬ 
cles,  tricycles,  toy  express  wagons, 
barrows,  etc. 

Howard,  A.  H.,  220  Devonshire  street, 
Boston,  Mass.  (478.) 

Boston  chest- weight,  a  gymnastic  ap¬ 
pliance  for  the  house  or  gymnasium. 

Pierce,  George  N.,  &  Co.,  Prime  street, 
corner  of  Hanover  street,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  (511.) 

Tricycle  and  bird  cage. 

GROUP  5.- EXTRACTIVE  ARTS,  RAW  AND 
MANUFACTURED  PRODUCTS. 

Class  41.— Products  of  Mining  and 
Metallurgy. 

Abraham,  L.  C.,  &  Bros.,  106  Canal 
street,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  (322.) 

Steel  brushes,  steel  brooms,  and  com¬ 
bination  brushes. 

Abel,  Lindley,  Bayard,  Yavapai  Coun¬ 
ty,  Ariz. 

Copper  pyrites  vein,  bearing  gold, 
from  Humbug  Gulch  ;  gold  ore  from 
the  Cleveland  lode. 

Adam,  J.  S.,  &  Co.,  Canaan, Conn. 

Specimen  of  magnesian  limestone  used 
for  the  manufacture  of  lime. 


312 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  41. 

Adams,  F.  F.,  &  Co.,  Erie,  Pa.  (768.) 

Household  utensils  and  cork-pullers. 

Adirondack  Pulp  Co.,  Troy,  N.  Y. 
(744.) 

Talc  as  mined  ;  pulp  made  from  talc. 

Alice  Gold  and  Silver  Mining  Co., 
W.  E.  Hall,  superintendent,  Walk- 
erville,  Mont. 

Silver  and  gold  from  Alice  Mine. 

American  Bit  Brace  Co.,  124  Wash¬ 
ington  street,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (216.) 

Bit  braces  and  other  mechanical  tools. 

Anaconda  Mining  Co.,  Marcus  Daly, 
superintendent. 

Butte  and  Anaconda,  Mont.,  copper 
ore,  copper  ore  concentrates  ;  cop¬ 
per  matte. 

Ausable  Horse  Nail  Co.,  4  Warren 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (192.) 

Horseshoe  nails. 

Bailey,  George  M.,  47  Chapin  Block, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (218.) 

Collection  of  models  of  inventions  ; 
hardware  and  house-fur  n  is  h  i  n  g 
specialties,  and  small  specimens  of 
mechanism. 

Bailey,  R.  S.,  Silver  Creek,  N.  Y.  (477.) 

Combination  system  for  cutting  ladies’ 
and  children’s  garments  and  men’s 
shirts. 

Barnum,  Richardson  &  Co. ,  Lime  Rock, 
Conn. 

Sample  of  car- wheel  iron  ore  from  Sal¬ 
isbury,  Conn. 

Blake,  William  P.,  mining  engineer, 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

Collection  of  mineral  specimens  from 
his  private  collection,  including 
stromeyerite,  vanadinite,  etc. 

Blanchard  Slate  Co.,  Bangor,  Me. 
(450.) 

Slabs  of  split  slate. 

Boaz  Mining  Co.,  Minnehaha,  Yavapai 
County,  Ariz. 

Gold-bearing  ore. 

Bowen,  D.,  Prescott,  Ariz. 

Gold-bearing  ore,  sulphurets  and  oxi¬ 
dized,  Grey  Eagle  Claim,  Ariz. 

Brainard  Quarry  Co., Portland,  Conn. 
(505.) 

Connecticut  brown  sandstone. 

Brewington,  Bainbridge  &  Co.,  1137 
Sharp  street,  Baltimore,  Md.  (778.) 

Household  hardware  and  tinware. 


Bristol  Copper  and  Silver  Mining 
Co.,  Bristol,  Conn.,  G.  E.  Hubbel, 
manager. 

Specimens  of  copper  ore  from  the  Bris¬ 
tol  Mine. 

Bunker  Hill  Mining  and  Concentrat¬ 
ing  Co.,  T.  G.  Reed,  president,  Ward- 
ner,  Idaho,  and  Portland,  Oregon. 
Lead  ores  containing  silver  from  the 
company’s  mines  in  the  Coeur 
dAlene  Mountains,  Idaho. 

Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  Mining  Co. 
Lead. 

Cactus  Mining  Co.,  Frisco,  Beaver 
County,  Utah,  W.  L.  Lay,  agent. 
(822.) 

Ores  and  minerals,  copper  matte,  etc. 
Capitol  Manufacturing  Co.,  Chicago, 
Ill.  (535.) 

Wrenches  (monkey  and  pipe). 
Carlisle  Gold  Mining  Co.,  Carlisle, 
N.  Mex.  (696.) 

Gold  ore  and  sample  of  concentrate. 
Castle,  William  H.,  Geneva,  Ohio. 
(454.) 

Carpet  sweepers,  animal  traps,  pillow- 
sham  holders,  bracket  clothes  bars, 
etc. 

Cleveland  Tin  Mining  Co.  ,  Deadwood, 
Black  Hills,  Dak. 

Tin  ores  and  tin  from  Dakota. 
Collective  Exhibition  of  examples  of 
ores  and  minerals  of  the  United 
States,  with  statistics.  Prepared 
under  the  direction  of  the  United 
States  Commission  by  Prof.  W.  P. 
Blake,  special  agent. 

Alphabetical  list  of  exhibitors  and  con¬ 
tributors  in  Collective  Exhibit: 
Abadie,  Emile  R.,  gold  ore. 

Adam  &  Co. ,  limestone. 

Alaska  Lead  Ore,  lead. 

Alice  Gold  and  Silver  Mining  Co., 
silver  and  gold  ore. 

Anaconda  Mining  Co. ,  copper  ore. 
Barnum,  Richardson  Co.,  iron  ore. 
Blake,  William  P.,  mineral. 
Blanchard  Slate  Quarry  Co.,  slate. 
Boaz  Mining  Co. ,  gold  ore. 

Bradford  Quicksilver  Mine,  quick¬ 
silver. 

Bristol  Copper  and  Silver  Mining 
Co. ,  copper  ores. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


313 


COLLECTIVE  EXHIBITION,  ETC. — CoilVd. 

Brown,  Will  Q.,  nickel  ores. 

Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  Mining 
Co.,  lead 

Cactus  Mining  Co. ,  copper  and  silver. 

Canfield,  Frederick  A. ,  iron  ore. 

Carlisle  Gold  Mining  Co. ,  gold  ore. 

Chambers,  R.  C.,  silver  ores. 

Chateaugay  Ore  and  Iron  Co.,  iron 
ore. 

Cleveland  Tin  Mining  Co. ,  tin  ore. 

Comfort  Consolidated  Mining  Co., 
gold  ore. 

Comfort,  S. ,  treasurer,  gold  ore. 

Congress  Mine,  gold  sulphurets. 

Copper  Basin  Mining  Co. , copper  ores. 

Cowles  Electric  Smelting  and  Alu¬ 
minum  Co. ,  aluminum  alloys. 

Daly,  Marcus,  copper  ores. 

Daly  Mining  Co.,  silver  ores. 

Davis  Co.,  The.  pyrites. 

Davis,  H.  J.,  pyrites. 

Day,  Fred.  W.,  antimony  ore. 

Dead  Horse  Claim,  gold  ore. 

Dead  wood  Terra  Mining  Co. ,  gold  ore. 

Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal  Co., 
anthracite  coal. 

Delhi  Mine,  gold  ore. 

Dickerson  Suckasunny  Mining  Co. , 
magnetic  iron  ore. 

Drake,  James  B.,  president,  orna¬ 
mental  stone. 

Drake  Co.,  The,  ornamental  stone. 

Empire  Original  Gold  Mining  Co., 
gold. 

Germain,  H.,  superintendent,  gyp¬ 
sum. 

Grey  Eagle  Mine,  gold  ore. 

Haggin,  J.  B. ,  president,  copper  and 
gold  ores. 

Hague,  James  D.,  president,  gold 
ores. 

Hall,  W.  E.,  superintendent,  silver 
ores. 

Halsey,  A.,  secretary,  ores  and  fer¬ 
tilizers. 

Hamlin,  Dr.  Aug.  C.,  slate,  mineral 
gems. 

Harts  Mine,  gold  ore. 

Hayward,  Alvinza,  gold  ores. 

Highland  Mining  Co. ,  gold. 

Homestake  Mining  Co. ,  gold  ore. 

Hubbel,  E.  G.,  copper  ore. 

Idaho  Quartz  Mining  Co. ,  gold  ore. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  41. 
COLLECTIVE  EXHIBITION,  ETC. — Coilt'd. 
Kunz,  George  F.,  minerals. 

Lady  of  the  Hills  Claim,  antimony 
ore. 

Lake,  Richard  C.,  antimony  ore. 
Lay,  William  L. ,  copper  and  silver. 
Lexington  Mine,  silver. 

Lincoln  Bessemer  Co. ,  magnetic 
iron  ore. 

Lindley,  Abel,  gold  ores. 

Longmaid,  J.  Henry,  gold  ore. 
Marsh  &  Co.,  gypsum. 

Marshall,  Thomas  P. ,  iron  ore. 
Merrill,  Miles  J. ,  graphite. 

Mexican  Phosphate  and  Sulphur 
Co.,  fertilizers. 

Mica  Properties,  mica. 

Mitchell,  Vance  &  Co.,  Columbia 
semi-bituminous  coal. 

Montana  Co.,  Limited,  gold  and  sil¬ 
ver. 

Murphy,  Fred.  W.,  gold  ores. 

New  Jersey  Zinc  and  Iron  Mining 
Co.,  zinc  ores. 

Newhall  &  Co.,  agents,  borax,  ores, 
etc. 

New  York  and  Georgia  Manganese 
and  Iron  Co.,  manganese. 

North  Star  Mining  Co.,  gold. 

Ontario  Silver  Mining  Co. ,  silver. 
Oregon  Iron  and  Steel  Co. ,  iron  ores. 
Oregon  Nickel  Mines  Co.,  nickel  ore. 
Original  Empire  Mills  and  Mining 
Co.,  gold. 

Oro  Bella  Mining  Co. ,  gold. 
Plymouth  Mine,  gold. 

Price,  Prof.  Thomas,  ores  and  min¬ 
erals. 

Puget  Sound  Iron  Co. ,  charcoal  iron. 
Quijoatoas  Mines,  minerals. 

Randol,  J.  B. ,  president,  quicksilver. 
Reed,  Simeon  G.,  silver  lead  ores. 
Rueger  Charles  C.,  superintendent, 
silver. 

Senator  Mine,  auriferous  pyrites. 
Silver  King  Mining  Co. ,  silver. 
Tuttletown  Claim,  gold. 

Walker,  J.  R.,  uintahite. 

West  Virginia  Central  Railway  Co., 
bituminous  coal. 

Williams,  copper  ores. 

Comet  Mining  Co. ,  Frisco,  Beaver  Coun¬ 
ty,  Utah.  (8471.) 

Copper  and  silver  ores. 


314  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 

Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  41. 


Comfort  Consolidated  Mining  Co., 

T.  H.  Wheeler,  president,  New  York. 

Gold  and  silver  ore  from  Rocky  Bar, 
Idaho. 

Congress  Mining  Co.  ,  Frederick  W.  Mur¬ 
phy,  superintendent,  Prescott,  Ariz. 

Gold-bearing  pyrites  ore. 

Conroy,  C.  C.,  &  Comfort,  S.,  VanBu- 
ren,  Ohio. 

Photograph,  taken  at  night,  of  the 
burning  gas  from  the  Conroy  &  J ohn- 
son  well. 

Photograph  of  the  burning  gas  issuing  j 
from  the  Karg  gas- well,  Findlay, 
Ohio. 

Coosaw  Mines,  Coosaw  River,  South 
Carolina. 

River  phosphate  rock. 

Copper  Basin  Mining  Co.,  Copper  Ba¬ 
sin,  Prescott,  Yavapai  County,  Ariz. 

Specimens  of  copper  ores,  malachite, 
and  blue  carbonate  of  copper  in  sand¬ 
stone  and  conglomerate. 

Corbin,  P.  &  F.,  New  Britain,  Conn. 
(845.) 

Locks  and  builders’  hardware.  Post- 
office  system. 

Cowles  Electric  Smelting  and  Alu¬ 
minum  Co.,  Lockport,  N.  Y„,  Dr. 
Leonard  Walde,  manager. 

Series  of  specimens  of  corundum  and 
of  aluminum  alloys,  silicon  bronze, 
aluminum  bronze,  etc. 

Daly  Mining  Co.,  R.  C.  Chambers,  | 
superintendent,  Park  City,  Sum¬ 
mit  County,  Utah. 

Silver,  lead,  and  gold  ores  from  various 
parts  of  the  mine. 

Davis,  H.  J.,  Franklin  County,  Mass. 

Massive  iron  pyrites  used  for  the  man¬ 
ufacture  of  sulphuric  acid. 

Day,  Frederick  W. ,  Murray,  Idaho. 

Antimony  sulphide,  tungstate  of  lime, 
and  gold-bearing  quartz. 

Dead  Horse  Claim,  A.  Hayward,  con¬ 
tributor,  California. 

Gold-bearing  quartz. 

Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal  Co. 
Coal  and  Iron  Exchange,  New  York, 
N.  Y.  (759.) 

Anthracite  coal;  a  series  of  cut  and 
polished  specimens  showing  the  frac¬ 
ture,  color,  luster,  and  density  of  an¬ 
thracite. 


Delhi  Mine,  A.  Hayward,  contributor  j, 
Nevada  County,  Cal. 

Gold-bearing  quartz. 

Dickerson  Suckasunny  Mining  Co. 
Frederick  A.  Canfield,  Dover,  N.  J. 

Magnetic  iron  ore,  Dickerson  Mine, 
Terro  Monte,  Morris  County,  N.  J. 

Drake  Co.,  James  H.  Drake,  president, 
Sioux  Falls,  S.  Dak. 

Building  and  ornamental  stone,  includ¬ 
ing  a  quartzite  known  as  Sioux  Falls 
“jasper  granite.” 

Drum  Lummon  Mine,  J.  E.  Clayton,  col¬ 
lector,  Marysville,  Mont. 

Gold  and  silver  ores. 

Eighty-Six  Mine,  Lynx  Creek,  Ariz. 

Silver  ore,  assay  value  $100. 

Enterprise  Manufacturing  Co.,  of 
Pennsylvania,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
(308.) 

Hardware  specialties. 

Frank,  F.  A.,  &  Co.,  316  East  Eighty- 
second  street,  New  York.  (308.) 

Hardware. 

Foote,  A.  E.,  1223  Belmont  avenue, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  (195.) 

Minerals  of  the  United  States;  educa¬ 
tional  collections  illustrating  the 
science  of  mineralogy. 

Hall,  W.  E. 

Silver  ores. 

Hamlin,  Dr.  A.  C.,  Bangor,  Me.  (697.) 

Minerals  from  Mt.  Mica,  Paris,  Me. 

Harney  Peak  Tin  Mining  Co.  (887.) 

Tin  ore  from  Harney  Peak,  Black  Hills, 
Dakota. 

Hartmann  Manufacturing  Co.,  102 
Chambers  street,  New  York,  N.  Y, 
(284.) 

Steel  picket  fences,  steel  picket  gate, 
steel  wire  mats,  and  brass  wire  mats. 

Hartshorn,  Stewart,  East  Newark, 
N.  J.  (176.) 

Hartshorn’s  self-acting  shade  rollers. 

|  Imperial  Mine,  White  Pine  County, 
Nev.,  Hon.  Thomas  Wren  and  Jo¬ 
seph  Grandelmyer. 

Lead,  copper,  silver,  and  gold  ore. 

Hatch,  Daniel,  Prescott,  Ariz. 

Gold  and  copper  ore  from  the  Buena 
Vista  Mine,  near  Prescott,  Ariz. 

Homestake  Mining  Co. 

Gold  ore. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


315 


Idaho  Quartz  Mining  Co.,  Grass  Valley 
County,  Cal. 

Gold-bearing  quartz. 

International  Specialty  Co..  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  (632.) 

Perfected  automatic  twine-holder. 

Jewett,  The  John  C.,  Manufacturing 
Co.,  North  Division  street,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  (395.) 

Labrador  refrigerator  and  New  Era 
water  cooler. 

Knapp,  J.  D.  C.,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 
(468.) 

Vaporizers  for  vaporization  and  inha¬ 
lation  of  medicines. 

Knowd,  John  J. ,  Twenty-fifth  and  South 
streets,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (724.) 

Steel  shoes  for  horses. 

Kunz,  George  F. ,  Hoboken,  N.  J.  (740.) 

Large  crystals  of  fluor  spar  from  St. 
Lawrence  County,  N.  Y.  Gadoli- 
nite,  11-pound  crystal,  from  near 
Bluff  ton,  Llano  County,  Tex. 

Lawrence,  R.  F.,  &  Co.,  196  Pearl  street, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (485.) 
Bouquet-holders. 

Lincoln  Bessemer  Co.  ,  Thomas  P.  Mar¬ 
shall,  secretary,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Magnetic  iron  ore  from  Oxford  Town¬ 
ship,  Warren  County,  N.  J. 

Maine  Red  Granite  Co.,  Red  Beach, 
Calais,  Me.  (172.) 

Polished  red  granite  urn,  red  granite 
base  with  rough  sides,  top  and  mold¬ 
ing  fine  cut. 

Maris  Machine  Co.,  146  Broad  street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  (467.) 

Portable  hoists. 

Marsh  &  Co. ,  H.  German,  superintend¬ 
ent,  Gypsum,  Ottawa  County,  Ohio. 

Gypsum,  first,  second,  and  third  quali¬ 
ties. 

Marshall,  T.  P.,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Magnetite  iron  ore,  Bessemer  ore,  War¬ 
ren  County,  N.  J. 

Magnolia  Anti-Friction  Metal  Co., 
74  Courtland  street,  New  York.  (856.) 

Metallic  alloys,  anti-friction  metal,  etc. 

Magnolia  Mines,  Ashley  River,  South 
Carolina,  C.  C.  Pinckney. 

Land  phosphate  rock. 

Merrill,  M.  J.,  Nashua,  N.  H. 

Graphite  from  Nelson,  N.  H. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors  —Class  41. 

Miller  Lock  Co.  ,  M.  Jackson,  manag¬ 
ing  director,  Frankford,  Philadel¬ 
phia,  Pa.  (394.) 

Samples  of  boxes,  keyless  locks,  and 
padlocks. 

Mitchell,  Lazar  &  Co.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  (627.) 

Samples  of  Columbia  semi-bituminous 
coals. 

Moore’s,  John,  Son,  193  Front  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (217.) 

Hay  and  manure  forks,  steel  hoes 
and  rakes. 

Mt.  Mica  Co.,  and  A.  C.  Hamlin,  pres¬ 
ident,  Bangor,  Me. 

Tourmaline  gems;  a  series  of  cut  stones 
illustrating  the  various  colors  of 
the  tourmalines  of  Mt.  Mica,  Maine. 

State  of  Nevada.  (888.) 

Collective  exhibit,  ores  and  minerals. 

New  England  Brown  Stone  Co.  ,  Crom¬ 
well,  Conn. 

Connecticut  brown  sandstone. 

Newhall,  H.  M.,  &  Co.,  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

Cinnabar — “Float  ore,”  cinnabar  in 
silicious  gangue,  Bradford  Mine, 
Napa  County,  Cal.,  specimens  of 
borax. 

New  Jersey  Zinc  and  Iron  Co.,  Benja¬ 
min  G.  Clarke,  president,  52  Wall 
street,  New  York. 

Ores  of  zinc  and  zinc  oxide  from  the 
company  mines,  Sussex  County, 

N.  J. 

New  York  and  Georgia  Manganese, 
and  Iron  Co.,  37  Broad  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y. 

New  Almaden  manganese  ore,  called 
“kidney  manganese,”  from  near 
Cartersville,  Ga. 

North  Star  Gold  Mining  Co.,  James 
D.  Hague,  president,  Grass  Valley, 
Nevada  County,  Cal. 

Free  gold  and  auriferous  pyrites  in 
quartz. 

Nutrizio,  Henry,  Beekman  and  William 
streets,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (93.) 

Coffee  pots. 

Oh  Joe  Mine,  White  Pine  County,  Nev... 
Hon.  Thomas  Wren  and  Jos.  Gran- 
delmyer. 

Lead,  copper,  silver  and  gold  ore. 


816 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


■Catalogue  of  exhibitors—  Class  41. 

Ontario  Mining  Co..  R.  C.  Chambers, 
superintendent,  Park  City,  Summit 
County,  Utah. 

Silver,  gold,  and  lead  ores  from  the 
different  levels  of  the  Ontario 
Mine. 

Oregon  Iron  and  Steel  Co.,  S.  G.  Reed, 
president,  Oswego,  Oregon. 

Samples  of  hot  blast  charcoal  pig  iron, 
iron  ores,  fuel  and  flux. 

Original  Empire  Mill  and  Mining  Co., 
James  D.  Hague,  president,  Grass 
Valley,  Nevada  County,  Cal. 

Auriferous  quartz  from  the  Empire 
Mine. 

Oro  Bella  Mining  Co.,  Bayard,  Yava¬ 
pai  County,  Ariz. 

Gold-bearing  quartz  and  sulphurets. 

Peck,  A.  G.,  &  Co.,  Cohoes, N.  Y.  (484. ) 

Samples  of  axes  and  edge  tools. 

Philadelphia  Novelty  Manufactur¬ 
ing  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (828.) 

Gas  burners  and  gas  fixtures. 

Plymouth  Mine,  A.  Hayward,  contribu¬ 
tor,  Amador  County,  Cal. 

Gold-bearing  quartz. 

Price,  Prof.  Thomas,  San  Francisco, 
Cal. 

Gold  ore  from  the  Great  Blue  Lode, 
and  other  minerals. 

Puget  Sound  Iron  Co.  .  A.  Halsey,  Secre¬ 
tary. 

Charcoal  pig  iron  made  at  Port  Town¬ 
send,  in  Puget  Sound,  Washington 
Territory,  from  ores,  magnetite  in 
limestone,  mined  at  Texada  Island, 
British  Columbia. 

Randol,  J.  B.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Quicksilver  ores  from  the  New  Alma- 
den  Quicksilver  Mine,  California, 
with  photos  of  mines. 

Reid,  A.  II.,  corner  Thirtieth  and  Mar¬ 
ket  streets,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (888.) 

Samples  of  lightning  braces. 

Senator  Mine,  F.  W.  MacGowan,  super¬ 
intendent,  Prescott,  Ariz. 

Specimens  of  gold-bearing  sulphuret 
ore. 

Shaler  and  Hall  Quarry  Co.,  Port¬ 
land,  Conn.  (504.) 

Connecticut  brown  sandstone. 


Shepard,  Sidney,  &  Co.,  145  to  149  Sen¬ 
eca  street,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (309.) 

Stove-pipe  damper,  flour  sifter,  steam 
egg  poacher,  mincing  Jmife. 

Silver  King  Mining  Co.  ,  Pinal  County, 
Ariz. 

Silver  ores  and  concentrates. 

Sirret  Scale  Co.  ,  Cuyahoga  Falls,  Ohio. 
(531.) 

The  Sirret  scale. 

Smith,  John  E.,  &  Sons,  50  Broadway, 
Buffalo,  N.Y.  (438.) 

Meat  cutters,  chopper,  and  sausage¬ 
stuffing  machine. 

Societe  Anonyme  des  Mines  de  Lex¬ 
ington,  Butte,  Mont.,  Charles  C. 
Rueger,  superintendent. 

Silver  ore,  Lexington  Mine. 

Standard  Target  Co.,  121  Superior 
street,  Cleveland,  Ohio.  (303.) 

Set  of  target  traps  and  cases  of  targets. 

Stanley  Rule  and  Level  Co.,  New 
Britain,  Conn.  (151.) 

Iron  and  wood  bench-planes  and  other 
tools. 

Stonewall  Claim,  Lindley Abel,  owner, 
Bayard,  Ariz. 

Gold  ore,  small  vein. 

Tiffany  &  Co. ,  Union  square,  NewYork, 
N.  Y.  (879.) 

Precious  and  ornamental  stones  of 
North  America,  consisting  of  stones 
cut  in  the  United  States,  illustrating 
the  various  forms  of  cutting,  crystals, 
cleavages,  fractured  pieces  in  their 
natural  state  and  polished  specimens, 
and  a  series  of  archaeological  interest. 

Tuttletown  Claim,  A.  Hayward,  con¬ 
tributor,  Tuttletown,  Cal. 

Gold-bearing  quartz. 

United  States  War  Department,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C. 

Diagram  and  report  of  General  M.  C. 
Meigs,  showing  the  results  of  a  series 
of  experimental  trials  to  determine 
the  relative  value  of  the  fuels  used 
in  the  Army  of  the  United  States. 

Walker,  J.R.,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

Uintahite,  an  asphalt,  from  Gilsoris 
Mine,  near  Fort  Duchesne,  Uintah 
County,  Utah. 

Waterbury  Rubber  Co.,  49  Warren 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (235.) 

Sphincter  grip  steel  armored  hose. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  31 7 


West  Virginia  Central  Railway  Co.,  I 
G.  W .  Harrison ,  general  traffic  agent, 
Piedmont,  W.  Va.  \ 

Bituminous  coal  from  the  Eck  Garden 
Mines  (14-foot  vein)  and  from  the 
Davis  Mine  (11-foot  vein). 

White,  L.  &  I.  J.,  310  Exchange  street, 
Buffalo,  N.Y.  (439.) 

Edge  tools  and  machine  knives. 

Yale  and  Towne  Manufacturing  Co., 
Schuyler  Merritt,  general  manager, 
Stamford,  Conn.  (397.) 

Specimens  of  hardware  and  locks;  the 
Yale  and  Towne  post-office  system. 

Class  42.  —Products  of  Forest  Growth  | 
and  Forest  Industries. 

Acme  Manufacturing  Co.  ,  W ilmington ,  I 
N.  C. 

Specimens  illustrating  the  preparation 
and  manufacture  of  pine  bagging,  | 
etc. ,  from  the  needles  of  Pinus  aus- 

7  I 

trails. 

Brooks,  Henry,  Boston,  Mass, 

Photographs  of  forest  trees. 

California  Redwood  Lumber  Associ¬ 
ation,  T.  Korbel,  agent,  San  Fran¬ 
cisco,  Cal. 

Redwood  lumber.  ( See  Korbel . ) 

Cordley  &  Hayes,  37  Barclay  street, 
New  York,  N.Y.  (7.) 

Indurated  fiber  ware,  kitchen  utensils, 
etc. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash-  ] 
ington,  D.  C. 

Specimens  of  peculiarities  of  forest  j 
trees;  slabs  of  wood  of  special  di¬ 
mensions;  panels  of  curly  and  figured 
woods;  panels  of  furniture  woods. 

Fairweather&  Ladow,  NewYork,  N.Y.  | 

Slab  of  hemlock  bark,  8  by  12  feet, 
framed. 

Fernow,  B.  E. ,  Chief  of  Forestry  Di¬ 
vision,  Department  of  Agriculture,  i 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Maps  showing  the  genera,  species,  and 
distribution  of  forest  growth  in  I 
North  America;  wood  sections  and 
herbarium  specimens,  representing  J 
the  economically  important  timber 
trees  of  the  United  States;  Avail  map 
of  woodland  area  in  the  United 
States;  tree  seeds;  model  of  tree¬ 
planting  machine. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  42. 

Haskin,  Samuel  E.,  New  York,  N.Y. 

Vulcanized  wood  and  lumber. 

Hough,  Romeyn  B. ,  Lowville,  N.  Y. 

Veneer  sections,  radial,  tangential,  and 
transverse,  showing  the  anatomy 
and  structure  of  trees;  veneer  sec¬ 
tions  for  ornamental  purposes. 

Hurlburt  Brothers,  539  Brannan 
street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

California  redwood. 

Jackson,  A.  C.,  Sanford,  Fla.  (456.) 

Florida  woods. 

King,  Miss  Juliet,  Washington,  D.  C. 

^  Autumn  leaves.  Design  showing 
tints  of  autumn  foliage  in  North 
American  forests. 

Korbel,  F.,  &  Brothers,  27  Bryant 
street,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  (820.) 

California  redwood  lumber  and  doors. 

Le  Long,  B.  F.,  California. 

Trunk  (section)  of  oldest?  tree  in  Cali¬ 
fornia. 

Lincoln  Mill  Co.  ,  Eureka,  Cal. 

California  Avood. 

Massachusetts  Society  for  the  Pro¬ 
motion  of  Agriculture,  Boston, 
Mass. 

“  Michaux’  SyKa  ;  ”  being  240  colored 
plates  representing  the  forest  flora 
of  the  United  States,  as  described  by 
Andre  F.  Michaux,  father  and  son. 

Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Co.,  35 
Wall  street.  NeAv  York,  N.  Y. 

Sections  of  the  trunks  of  forest  trees. 

Richmond  Cedar  Works,  100  Reade 
street,  Ncav  York,  N.  Y.  (112.) 

Wooden  Avare :  white  and  red  cedar 
ware. 

Rothrock,  J.  P.,  professor  of  biology, 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  Phila¬ 
delphia,  Pa. 

Bromide  enlargements  of  photographs 
of  characteristic  forest  trees  from 
the  Atlantic  region, 

Sargent,  Charles  S.,  director  of  the 
Arnold  Arboretum.  Jamaica  Plain, 
Mass. 

Sections  of  trees. 

Seatco  Manufacturing  Co.,  Seatco, 
Washington.  (444.) 

Samples,  useful  and  ornamental,  of 
Pacific  Coast  Avoods;  samples  of  ex- 
terioi  and  interior  house  finishing  in 
woods. 


318 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  43. 

Smillie,  Thomas  W.,  National  Museum, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Photomicrographs  of  woods,  in  radial, 
transverse,  and  tangential  sections. 

Spurr,  Chas.  W. ,  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Veneer  sections  showing  the  anatomy  I 
and  structure  of  woods — radial,  tan-  | 
gential,  and  transverse  cuts. 

Taber,  J.  W. ,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Photographs,  framed  (20  and  24  inch), 
of  characteristic  California  trees. 

Tiffany  Chemical  Co.  ,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(878). 

Samples  of  tan  bark  and  tan  extracts.  I 

Zabriskie,  Z.  L.,  Hattrish,  N.  Y. 

Sections  of  wood  for  the  microscope. 

Class  43. —Products  of  Hunting,  Prod¬ 
ucts  of  Fisheries,  Apparatus  and 
Instruments  for  Fishing  and  for  j 
Gathering  Fruits  of  Natural  | 
GrowtA. 

Davidson,  H.  E. ,  45  boulevard  de  Latour- 
Maubourg,  Paris.  (874.) 

Fishes  from  British  Channel  mounted  I 
according  to  the  method  devised  by 
Dr.  Davidson,  of  Boston,  and  pat¬ 
ented  under  the  title,  “Davidson’s 
Ichthytaxidermy.  ” 

Mills,  William,  &  Son,  New  York  City. 

Fishing-rod  for  tarpon. 

Newland,  Henry  A.,  &  Co.,  Detroit,  i 
Mich.  (872.) 

Furs. 

Osgood,  N.  A. ,  Battle  Creek,  Mich.  (597.) 

Portable  folding  canvas  boat,  complete 
with  oars,  seats,  and  bottom  board. 

The  Plant  and  Jacksonville  and  Key 
West  System  of  Railway,  Steam¬ 
boat  and  Steamship  Lines,  Florida. 
Jackson,  Arthur  C.,  Sanford,  Fla., 
agent. 

Collective  exhibit  of  raw  and  manu¬ 
factured  products  to  illustrate  the 
resources  and  attractiveness  of  the 
State  of  Florida. 

Tiffany  &  Co. ,  Union  square,  New  York, 
N.  Y.  (879.) 

Pearls,  with  the  various  species  of 
shells  in  which  they  are  found  in  the 
brooks,  rivers,  and  on  the  coasts  of 
North  America. 


United  States  Government. 

Collective  exhibit  of  the  animal  and 
vegetable  fibers  of  the  United  States, 
illustrating  the  agricultural,  com¬ 
mercial,  and  manufacturing  aspects 
of  the  textile  industry  ;  prepared  by 
Charles  Richards  Dodge,  special 
agent,  Department  of  Agriculture. 

Class  44.  —  Agricultural  Products 

NOT  USED  FOR  FOOD. 

Alexander  Drug  and  Seed  Co.,  Au¬ 
gusta,  Ga. 

Samples  of  cotton  seed. 

Allen  &  Ginter,  Richmond,  Va.  (117.) 

Cigarettes,  smoking  tobacco,  and  speci¬ 
mens  of  leaf -tobacco. 

Armistead,  L.  L.,  Lynchburgh,  Va. 

Smoking  tobacco,  “Occidental”  and 
“  Highlander.”  Tobacco  leaves  from 
Virginia. 

Binford,  James  R.,Duck  Hill,  Miss. 

Samples  of  cotton  seed,  oil  meal,  and 
oil  cake. 

Boyce,  S.S.,  280  Broadway,  New  York. 

Hemp  and  flax,  illustrating  the  manu¬ 
facture  from  dry  fiber. 

Boyce  Fiber  Co.,  280  Broadway,  New 
York. 

Flax  and  hemp  treated  without  chem¬ 
icals  and  without  rolling. 

Brown’s,  Walter,  Son  &  Co.,  29  High 
street,  Boston,  Mass. 

Series  of  commercially  graded  wools. 

Bruce,  William,  Quincy,  Fla. 

Tobaccos. 

Clark,  Washington  A. ,  Columbia,  S.  C. 

Bale  of  sea  island  cotton,  Constellation 
superfine. 

Collective  Exhibition,  showing  the 
varieties  of  leaf -tobacco,  prepared 
under  the  direction  of  the  U.  S.  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture  by  Alex¬ 
ander  McDonald,  agent,  Lynchburgh, 
Va. 

Contributors : 

Bowman,  N.  R.,  Lynchburgh,  Va. 

Shelborn,  Silas,  Richmond,  Va. 

Winston,  Frank,  Tennessee. 

Neal,  T.  D.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Griffin,  S.  M.,  &  Co.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Wilson,  J.  J.,  Son  &  Co.,  Richmond, 
Va 

Harthill,  Alex.,  Louisville,  Ky. 


REPORT  OP  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  319 


Collective  Exhibition,  etc. — Confd. 

Thornton,  Noble  &  Davis,  Richmond,  I 
Va. 

Vaughn  &  Sarvay,  Richmond,  Va. 

Edmondson,  H.  A.,  South  Boston,  Va. 

Ferrill,  P.  W.,  Danville,  Va. 

Haas,  L.  B. ,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Bailey,  S.  M.,  Amherst  County,  Va. 

Noblin  &  Hudson,  South  Boston,  Va. 

Florida  Tobacco  Producing  Company. 

Crawford,  E.  M. ,  &  Son. 

Hall,  Thomas,  New  York. 

Maryland  Leaf  Tobacco  Association. 

Risque,  J.,  Campbell  County,  Va. 

Scott,  A.  W.,  Bedford  County,  Va. 

Collective  Exhibition  of  hay  and 
grasses,  prepared  under  the  direction 
of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agricult¬ 
ure  by  Dr.  George  Vasey,  botanist. 

Contributors: 

Charles,  C.  B. ,  Bangor,  Mich. 

Brewer,  Nixon,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Patterson,  Fort  Worth,  Tex . 

Speth,  Richard,  Augusta,  Ga. 

Hogan,  H.  H.,  Ennis,  Tex. 

Warren,  W.  H..  Augusta,  Ga. 

Beal,  W.  J. ,  Agricultural  College,  Mich. 

Cox,  J.  W. ,  Woodville,  Ga. 

Kern,  H.  H. ,  Bonner  Springs,  Kan. 

Mattox,  Dr.  L.  C.,  Homerule,  Ga. 

Crozier,  A.  A.,  Ames,  Iowa. 

Williams  &  Rickerson, New  York,  N.  Y. 

Hudson,  H.  E.,  Hudsonville,  Mich. 

Ingersoll,  C.  L.,  Fort  Collins,  Colo. 

Orcutt,  C.  R. ,  San  Diego,  Cal. 

Tracey,  S.  M.,  Agricultural  College, 
Miss. 

Lightfoot,  I.  L.,  Eutaw,  Ala. 

Miller,  James  F.,  Gonzales,  Tex. 

Collective  Exhibit  of  the  State  of 
Florida. 

Raw  cotton  and  various  agricultural 
products. 

Cotton-Seed  Oil  Product  Co.  ,  80  Beaver 
street,  New  York. 

Cotton-seed  oil  lard,  goldene,  toilet  and 
laundry  soaps.  (See  also  Class  45.) 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C. 

Series  of  samples  of  lint  cotton,  cotton¬ 
seed,  and  vegetable  fibers;  ninety 
specimens  of  American  wool  in  glass 
jars.  (See  also  Collective  Exhibi¬ 
tion.) 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  44. 

Dutton,  H.  F.,  &  Co.,  Gainesville,  Fla. 

Sea  island  cotton  in  bale,  and  samples 
and  seed. 

Fremery,  Felix,  Yorktown,  Tex. 

Samples  of  native-grown  jute,  ramie, 
and  ramie  seed. 

Hawkins,  W.  B.,  Lexington,  Ky. 

Hemp  seed,  bundle  hemp  stalks,  hemp 
“  sliive”  or  waste. 

Hinson,  W.Q.,  James  Island,  S.C. 

Bale  of  improved  sea  island  cotton. 

Jones,  J.  T.,  Hogansville,  Troup  County 
Ga. 

Small  upright  glass  case  showing 
cotton  plants  as  ready  for  pickers. 

|  Jackson,  Arthur  C.,  Sanford,  Fla.  (456.) 

Long-staple  sea  island  cotton,  etc. 

Justice.  Bateman  &  Co.  ,122  South  Front 
street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Series  of  commercially  graded  wools. 

Kellogg  &  MacDougall,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Brooms  and  linseed-oil  cake. 

Kimball,  William  S.,  &  Co.,  Rochester, 
N.Y.  (817.) 

Cigars  and  fine  smoking  tobaccos. 

Leitner,  H.D.,  Richmond,  Va. 

Yucca  fiber  and  dried  leaves  from 
which  it  is  prepared. 

Loughbridge,  Prof.  R.  H.,  University 
of  South  Carolina. 

Forty -four  varieties  of  cotton  grown 
on  the  experiment  farm,  showing 
proportion  of  seed  to  lint. 

Lynch,  James,  194  Church  street,  New 
York,  N.Y. 

Series  of  commercially  graded  wools. 

MacNaughtan’s,  W.,  Sons.,  170  South 
Fifth  avenue,  New  York. 

Series  of  commercially  graded  wools. 

Martinez,  Ybor  &  Co. ,  Ybor  City,  Fla. 

Cigars. 

New  Orleans  Cotton  Exchange,  New 
Orleans,  La. 

Official  grades  of  American  cotton. 

Nye,  Wm.,  New  Bedford,  Mass.  (870.) 

Oils. 

Peavey  &  Co.,  Minneapolis,  Minn, 

Miscellaneous  specimens  of  flax. 

Porter  &  Macrae,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

Bale  of  cotton. 

Roberts,  Dr.  R.  R. ,  438  Third  street, 
Washington,  D.C. 

American  flax  and  hemp  prepared  by 
the  Roberts  bleaching  process. 


320 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  45. 

Sioux  City  Linseed  Oil  Works,  Sioux 
City,  Iowa. 

Linseed  oil,  meal,  and  cake. 

Smith,  J.T.,  Heron  Lake,  Minn. 

One  bale  of  tow. 

Southern  Cotton  Oil  Co.,  80  Broad 
street,  New  York. 

Samples  of  refined  cotton-seed  oil.  ( See 
Class  69.) 

Sparks,  E.  R. ,  Hemp  Co.  ,  Lexington,  Ky. 

Cleaned,  dressed,  and  double-dressed  j 
hemp  and  tow. 

Statistical  Division,  Department  of 
Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Series  of  samples  of  cotton  in  seed,  j 
grown  and  contributed  by  statistical 
correspond  ents . 

Straiton  &  Storm,  206  East  Twenty- 
seventh  street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (3.) 

Cigars  and  tobacco. 

Stubbs,  Prof.  W.  C.,  State  Experiment 
Station,  Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Series  of  small  samples  of  cotton  in 
seed. 

Tucker,  Carter  &  Co.,  New  York  City. 

Kentucky  hemp  and  cordage  made  j 
from  it. 

Winfree  Adams  &  Lloyd,  Lynchburgh,  J 
Va. 

Tobacco:  “Arkansas Traveller,’  “Mis-  j 
sissippi  Jawger,”  and  “Adams’  i 
Fancy.” 

Class  45.— Chemical  and  Pharmaceu-  | 
tical  Products. 


Burnham,  Dr.  E.  S.,  390  Main  street, 

Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (451.) 

Medicated  and  electric  batteries. 

Burroughs,  Wellcome  &  Co.,  82  Ful¬ 
ton  street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Hazeline,  a  preparation  of  Witch  Ha¬ 
zel. 

Cahil,  M.  S.,&  Co.,  94  Lincoln  street, 
Boston,  Mass.  (589.) 

Alma  polish.  Liquid  shoe  dressing. 

Chesebrough  Manufacturing  Co.  , 
21  State  street,  New  York,  N.Y.  (54.) 

Vaseline  and  its  preparations. 

Clark  and  Wise  Co.,  39  River  street, 
Chicago,  Ill.  (428.) 

Wise  axle  grease. 

Collins,  S.,  Son  &  Co.,  32  Frankfort 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (194.) 

Printing  inks. 

Cotton-Seed  Oil  Product  Co. ,  80  Bea¬ 
ver  street,  New  York. 

Copco  toilet  soap,  copco  laundry  and 
bath  soap.  (See  also  Class  69.) 

Crane,  The  Frederick, Chemical  Co., 
Short  Hills,  N.  J.  (547.) 

Varnishes,  lacquers,  etc. 

Devoe,  F.  W.,  &  Co.,  101  Fulton  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (207.) 

Railway  varnishes,  paints,  brushes,  etc. 

Fairchild  Brothers  &  Foster,  82  Ful¬ 
ton  street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (594.) 

Digestive  ferments,  pepsine,  extractum 
pancreatis,  peptonizing  tubes,  pepti- 
genic  milk  powders. 


Armour  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill.  (840.) 

Glue  bone  meal  (hoof  meal). 

Bell,  R.  W.,  Manufacturing  Co.,  77 
Washington  street,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 
(312.) 

Laundry  soaps  and  soap  powder. 
Borne,  Scrymser  &  Co.,  New  York. 

Mineral  and  lard  oils. 

Boston  Rubber  Shoe  Co.  ,  Boston,  Mass. 
(530.) 

Rubber  boots  and  shoes. 

Brookhaven  Rubber  Co.,  George  R. 
Allen,  treasurer,  Setauket,  Long 
Island,  N.Y.  (206.) 

Rubber  plants,  crude  rubbers,  and  the 
American  manufactured  products 
therefrom. 

Brown,  B.  F. ,  &  Co. ,  154  Commercial 
street,  Boston,  Mass.  (82.) 
Blackings  and  dressings  for  leather. 


;  Johnston,  Henry  M.,  25  John  street, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  (301.) 

Prepared  dry  distemper  paints,  known 
as  ‘  ‘  dry  kalsomine  and  fresco  paints.  ” 

Prepared  dry  distemper  paints,  known 
as  “home  wall  colors.” 

j  Le  Page  Co.,  Boston,  Mass.  (463.) 
Liquid  fish  glues  and  cement. 

Lugano,  Christine,  Kingston,  N.  Y. 
(51.) 

American  liquid  glues. 

Larkin,  J.  D.,  &  Co.,  663  Seneca  street, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (174.) 

Laundry  and  general  household  soap. 

McLeish  &  Co.,  Buffalo,  N.  Y.  (435.) 

Glass  case  of  gelatine;  products  of  ani¬ 
mal  ligaments. 

|  Pease,  F.  S.,  65  Main  street,  Buffalo, 
N.Y.  (160.) 

|  Lubricating  and  illuminating  oils. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


321 


Revere  Rubber  Co.,  Henry  C.  Morse, 
treasurer,  Boston,  Mass.  (163.) 

Rubber  goods  for  mechanical  purposes. 

Russia  Cement  Co.,  R.  Brooks,  presi¬ 
dent,  Gloucester,  Mass.  (296.) 

Liquid  fish  glues.  Articles  of  manu¬ 
facture  representing  the  special  in¬ 
dustrial  applications  of  fish  glues  and 
fish  tankage. 

Seabury  &  Johnson,  New  York  and 
London.  (329.) 

Hydronaphtol,  etc. 

Sphincter  Grip  Armored  Hose  Co., 
25  Murray  street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(867.) 

Armored  hose. 

Solway  Process,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  (767.) 

Samples  of  soda. 

Upton,  George,  239  Franklin  street, 
Boston,  Mass.  (613.) 

Gelatine,  glue,  liquid  fish  glue,  flint 
paper,  and  brewers’  isinglass. 

Valentine  &  Co.,  George  F.  Swain, 
treasurer,  245  Broadway,  New  York, 
N.Y.  (47.) 

Varnishes  and  paints  for  carriage 
work. 

Ward,  Everett,  6  Harrison  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (652.) 

White  and  yellow  soaps  (borax)  and 
soap  powder. 

Warner,  William  R.,  &  Co.,  Philadel¬ 
phia,  Pa.  (20.) 

Soluble  coated  pills,  granules,  and  par- 
vules. 

Granular  effervescent  salts  and  phar¬ 
maceutical  preparations. 

Waterbury  Rubber  Co.,  George  A. 
Howe,  treasurer,  49  Warren  street, 
New  York,  N.Y.  (235.) 

Elastic  tubes,  hose,  with  steel  fittings. 

Class  46.— Chemical  Methods  of 

Bleaching,  Dyeing,  Printing,  and 

Finishing. 

Bancroft,  John,  &  Bloede,  Victor  G., 
Rockford,  near  Wilmington,  Del. 
(237.) 

Cotton  window  Hollands  and  fringes. 

Baxter,  Richard,  Hotel  Bellevue,  39 
Avenue  de  1’ Opera,  Paris,  France. 
(203.) 

Mothaline  cloth  and  mothaline  cloth 
pockets. 

H.  Ex.  410 - 21 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  48. 

I  Burroughs,  Wellcome  &  Co.,  82  Ful¬ 
ton  street,  New  York.  (829.) 
j  Hazeline  ;  a  preparation  of  witch  hazel. 

I  Garner  &  Co.,  2  Worth  street,  New 
York,  N.Y.  (318.) 

Printed  cotton  fabrics, 
j  Wiggins’.  H.  B.,  Sons,  124  Clinton  place, 
New  York,  N.Y.  (747.) 

Fabric  for  window  shades,  book  cov¬ 
ers,  etc. 

Class  47.— Leather  and  Skins. 

Burk  Brothers,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
(863.) 

Kid  skins. 

!  Barnet.  J.  S. ,  &  Brother,  27  Spruce 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (2.) 
Finished  wax  calf-skins. 

!  Benz,  Dietsch  &  Betz,  Newark,  N.J. 
(814.) 

Domestic  glazed  kid,  kangaroo,  and 
goat  leathers. 

!  Blanchard  Brothers  &  Lane,  New¬ 
ark,  N.  J.  (848.) 

Patent  leather  for  carriages, 
j  Russel,  George  H.,  Newburgh,  Pa. 
(491.) 

Samples  of  leather  by  a  new  and  quick 
process  of  tanning  with  bark  or  ex¬ 
tracts. 

Salomon,  R.  G.,  Newark,  N.  J.  (447.) 

Tanned  and  finished  leathers. 

Sharpe, Clarke  &  Co.,  195  Lake  street, 
Chicago,  Ill.  (546.) 

Sample  sides  of  finished  leather. 
Tiffany  Chemical  Co.,  New  York, 
N.  Y.  (378.) 

Preparations  for  cleansing  and  tanning 
skins  and  hides. 

Wallin  Leather  Co.,  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.  (695.) 

Sole  leather. 

!  GROUP  6.— APPARATUS  AND  PROCESSES  OF 
MECHANICAL  INDUSTRIES,  ELECTRICITY. 

Class  48.— Apparatus  and  Methods 
of  Working  Mines  and  of  Metal¬ 
lurgy. 

j  Blake, Theodore  A., New  Haven,  Conn. 
(745.) 

The  Blake  multiple  jaw-crusher,  for 
fine  crushing. 


322 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  49. 

Coxe,  Eckley  B.,  Drifton,  Luzerne 
County,  Pa.  (899.) 

Double  gyrating  screen. 

Cyclone  Pulverizer  Co.,  115  Broad¬ 
way,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (883.) 

Cyclone  pulverizer. 

Ingersoll  Rock  Drill  Co.  ,  W.  L.  Saun¬ 
ders,  secretary,  10  Park  Place,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (402.) 

Bar  channeler,  air  compressor,  rock 
drill,  coal-cutting  machine,  and  air 
receiver. 

Parker,  Francis  W.,  Opera  House 
Block,  Chicago.  (826.) 

Mining  machinery. 

Sperry,  Elmer  A.,  &  Co. ,  Chicago, Ill. 

Mining  machinery. 

Class  49.— Apparatus  and  Methods 
of  Farming  and  Forestry. 

Allen,  S.  L.,  &  Co.,  127  Catharine 
street,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (80.) 

Agricultural  implements,  seed  drills, 
wheel  hoes,  cultivators,  and  plows. 

Armour  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill.  (840.) 

Fertilizers  :  Ammoniate,  dried  blood, 
cattle  tankage,  hog  tankage. 

Batcheller  &  Sons’  Co.,  Wallingsford, 
Vt.  (529.) 

Hay  and  manure  forks. 

Benson,  Egbert,  Raritan,  N.  J.  (458.) 

Hudson  riding  cultivator. 

Bradley  &  Co.,  Syracuse,  N.  Y.  (39.) 

Bradley  mowers  and  Bradley  reaper. 

CHADBORN  &  COLDWELL  MANUFACTUR¬ 
ING  Co.,  Thomas  Cold  well,  presi¬ 
dent,  Newburgh,  N.Y.  (114.) 

Lawn  mowers. 

Coosaw  Mines,  Coosaw  River,  South  j 
Carolina. 

River  phosphate  rock. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash-  ! 
ington,  D.  C.,  D.  E.  Salmon,  Chief  j 
of  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 

Photographs  illustrating  types  of  ani¬ 
mals  in  the  United  States  and  meth¬ 
ods  of  raising,  shipping,  and  slaught¬ 
ering  animals. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  Dr.  George  Yasey, 
botanist.  (83.) 

Photographs  of  farming  implements, 
samples  of  ensilage. 


Douglas,  W.  &  B.,  Middletown,  Conn. 

(83.) 

Pumps,  garden  engines,  and  hydraulic 
rams  for  garden,  farm,  and  general 
agricultural  and  horticultural  use. 
{See  also  Class  52.) 

Fernow,  E.  B.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Tree-planting  machine. 

Glover  &  Chandler,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Model  of  steam-logger.  A  machine 
making  its  own  ice-road  in  the 
woods  and  hauling  a  train  of  sleighs 
loaded  with  logs  at  the  same  time. 

Gould’s  Manufacturing  Co.,  C.  L.  Za- 
charie,  manager,  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y. 
(618.) 

Pumps,  engines,  rams,  and  hydraulic 
machines  adapted  for  manual,  ani¬ 
mal,  wind,  water,  steam,  oil,  gas,  and 
electric  power. 

Higganum  Manufacturing  Corpora¬ 
tion,  Higganum,  Conn.  (258.) 

Agricultural  machinery. 

Humboldt  Lumber  Manufacturers’ 
Association,  Eureka,  Cal. 

Portfolio  containing  25  photographic 
views  illustrating  methods  of  lum¬ 
bering  and  forest  scenes  in  the  Cali¬ 
fornia  redwoods. 

Hurtubise,  Alexander,  East  Saginaw, 
Mich. 

*  Model  of  a  logging  sleigh. 

Johnston  Samuel,  &  Co.,  Brockfort, 
N.  Y.  (100.) 

Platform  binder,  combined  mower  and 
reaper,  self -raking  reaper  and 
mower. 

Johnston  Harvester  Co.,  Batavia, 
N.  Y.  (52.) 

Harvesting  machinery:  mower  and 
reapers. 

Lloyd  &  Supplee  Hardware  Co., 
503  Market  street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
(70.)  ' 

Pennsylvania  lawn  mowers. 

Lutcher  and  Moore,  Orange,  Tex. 

Yellow  pine  frame,  with  photographic 
views,  illustrating  methods  of  lum¬ 
bering  in  the  Southern  pineries. 

Magnolia  Mines,  Ashley  River,  South 
Carolina,  C.  C.  Pinckney. 

Land  phosphate  rock. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  323 


Mast,  Foos  &  Co.,  21st  street,  Spring- 
field,  Ohio.  (719.) 

Buckeye  lawn  mowers. 

McCormick  Harvesting  Machine  Co., 
Chicago,  Ill.  (58.) 

Combined  steel  grain  harvester  and 
self  twine  binding  machine  with 
bundle  carrier  attached,  and  trans¬ 
portation  truck  for  same.  Self  rake 
reaping  machine  and  two  steel  mow¬ 
ing  machines. 

Mexican  Phosphate  and  Sulphur  Co.  , 
A.  Halsey,  secretary,  328  Montgom¬ 
ery  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Superphosphate  fertilizers  from  gen¬ 
uine  guano  or  phosphates. 

Mohr,  Charles,  Mobile,  Ala. 

Tools  used  in  turpentine  orcharding 
in  the  South. 

Morley  Bros.  ,  East  Saginaw,  Mich. 

Tools  used  in  logging. 

Osborne,  D.  M.,&  Co.,  Auburn,  N.  Y. 
(53.) 

Harvesting  machinery:  binder  reaper 
and  mowers. 

Plano  Manufacturing  Co.,  81  West 
Monroe  street,  Chicago.  Ill.  (90.) 

Harvester  binder  and  mower. 

Thayer,  J.  E.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

One  redwood  frame,  containing  32 
photographic  views,  illustrating 
methods  of  lumbering  in  California 
redwoods. 

Ward,  Henry,  Allen’s  Station,  Ga. 

Home-made  horse-collar  from  corn 
husks. 

Whitman  Agricultural  Co.,  St.  Louis, 
Mo.  (542.) 

Horse  lever  hay  straw  and  wool  press. 

Wood,  Walter  A.,  Hoosick  Falls,  N.  Y. 
(103.) 

Self-binding  harvester,  mowing  ma¬ 
chines,  light  inclosed  gear  reaper, 
hay  rake. 

Class  50.  —  Apparatus  and  Methods 

used  in  Agricultural  Work  and 

Food  Industries. 

Arminger,  R. ,  &  Son,  7  East  Lombard 
street,  Baltimore,  Md.  (183.) 

Refrigerators. 

Blood  Brothers,  Lynn,  Mass.  (544.) 

Nutmeg  graters. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  52. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  D.  E.  Salmon,  Chief  of 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 

Models  showing  construction  and  oper¬ 
ation  of  a  creamery,  a  silo,  and  a  cold 
storage  refrigerator. 

Enterprise  Manufacturing  Co.,  Co¬ 
lumbiana,  Ohio.  (476.) 

Feed  cutters. 

Heine,  August,  Silver  Creek,  N.  Y. 
(277.) 

Milling  machinery. 

Howes,  Simeon,  Silver  Creek,  N.  Y. 
(250.) 

Milling  machinery. 

Maillard,  Henry,  114  and  118  West 
Twenty-fifth  street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(15.) 

Machines  for  making  clear  candies, 
bonbons,  etc. 

Phillips,  C.  C.,  20  South  Broad  street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  (591.) 

Portable  grinding  burr  mills. 

Smith,  Geo.  T. ,  Middlings  Purifier  Co.  , 
Jackson,  Mich.  (105.) 

Flour  dressers,  middlings  purifier,  dust 
collector  attached  to  purifier. 

Class  51.— Apparatus  used  in  Chem¬ 
istry,  Pharmacy,  and  Tanning. 

Bailey  Wringing  Machine  Co.  .Woon¬ 
socket,  R.  I.  (425.) 

Clothes  wringers. 

Bentzen,  Charles  A.,  240  West  Twelfth 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (204.) 

Washing  machines. 

Dolph,  The  A.  M.,  Co.,  40  Cortlandt 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (520.) 

Laundry  machines. 

Frank,  F.  A.,  &  Co.,  316  East  Eighty- 
second  street,  New  York.  (308). 

Machine  for  the  preparation  of  pow¬ 
ders,  pomades,  and  extracts. 

Vizet,  V.,  New  Rochelle,  N.  Y,  (399.) 

Washing  machine  attached  to  tub. 

Class  52.— Machines  and  Apparatus 
of  General  Mechanics. 

American  Elevator  Co.,  New  York 
and  Paris.  (623.) 

Hydraulic  lift,  used  in  the  “  Terrestrial 
Globe,”  Champ  de  Mars. 


324 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS, 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  52. 

American  Leather  Link  Belt  Co.,  72 
Cliff  street,  New  York,  N.Y.  (281.) 

Leather  link  belting. 

Armington  &  Sims,  Providence,  R.  I. 

One  75  horse-power,  high-speed  steam- 
engine  operating  dynamos  in  Thom- 
son-Houston  exhibit. 

Binghamton  Hydraulic  Power  Co., 
A.  Ward  Ford,  secretary,  Bing¬ 
hamton,  N.  Y.  (825.) 

Hydraulic  motor  :  WateT  motor. 

Blake,  John  Henry,  29  Liberty  street, 
Batavia,  N.  Y.  (115.) 

Marine  rotary  engine  for  launch  serv¬ 
ice. 

Brown,  C.  H.,  &  Co.,  Fitchburg,  Mass. 

Steam-engine,  100  horse-power. 

Chicago  Rawhide  Manufacturing  Co., 
Chicago,  Ill.  (908.) 

Belting. 

Colt's  Patent  Fire-Arms  Manufact¬ 
uring  Co.,  Hartford,  Conn.  (157.) 

Baxter  engine  and  boiler.  Disk  engine. 

Crosby  Steam  Gauge  and  Valve  Co., 
Boston,  Mass.  (605.) 

Steam  gauges,  valves,  and  indicators. 

Dodge  Manufacturing  Co.  ,  Mishawaka, 
Ind.  (707.) 

Wooden  belt  and  rope  pulleys. 

Douglas,  W.  &  B.,  Middletown,  Conn. 
(83.) 

Pumps,  hydraulic  rams,  and  other  hy¬ 
draulic  machines  for  general  use. 

(See  also  Class  49.) 

Emerson  &  Midgley,  Beaver  Falls,  Pa. 
(699.) 

Steel  wire  belting  and  hose. 

Gould’s  Manufacturing  Co.,  Seneca 
Falls,  N.  Y.  (618.) 

Pumps,  engines,  rams,  and  hydraulic 
machinery,  adapted  for  manual,  ani¬ 
mal,  wind,  water,  steam,  oil,  gas,  and 
electric  power. 

Horton,  E.,  &  Son  Co.,  Windsor  Locks, 
Conn.  (280.) 

Lathe  chucks,  car- wheel  chucks,  mill¬ 
ing-machine  chucks,  brass  finishers’ 
chucks,  drill-press  chucks. 

Mason,  Volney  W.,  &  Co.,  Providence, 
R.  I.  (340.) 

Elevator  and  hoisting  machinery,  fric¬ 
tion  pulleys,  and  clutches  for  coup¬ 
ling,  shafting,  and  gears. 


Mast,  Foos  &  Co.,  Springfield,  Ohio. 
(719.) 

Iron  turbine  wind  engine,  Buckeye 
force-pump. 

Northrop  Manufacturing  Co.,  11T 
North  Front  street,  Camden,  N.  J. 
(549.) 

Boiler  for  steam  tricycles. 

Otis  Brothers  &  Co. ,  W.  Frank  Hall* 
vice-president,  38  Park  Row,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (622.) 

Gas  and  pumping  engines,  hydraulic 
lifts  in  the  Eiffel  Tower. 

Pickering  Governor  Co.,  Portland* 
Conn.  (782.) 

Pickering  improved  spring  governor 
for  steam-engines. 

Reed,  J.  Van  D. ,  13  Barclay  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (506.) 

Circular  looms,  hydraulic  circular 
woven  hose,  machine  belting. 

Rifes  Hydraulic  Engine  Manufact¬ 
uring  Co.,  R.  H.  Woodrum,  attor¬ 
ney,  Roanoke  City,  Va. 

Hydraulic  engine  :  “  Ram.” 

Schieren,  Charles  A.,  &  Co.,  47  Ferry 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (282.) 

Electric  and  perforated  leather  belting. 

Slater,  Frank,  Fitchburg,  Mass. 

The  Slater  pantograph  attached  to  the 
Brown  engine. 

Silver  &  Deming  Manufacturing  Co.  * 
Salem,  Ohio.  (175.) 

Pumps  and  pumping  machinery,  hy¬ 
draulic  rams. 

Straight  Line  Engine  Co.,  Syracuse,, 
N.Y.  (446.) 

One  100  horse  power  and  one  35  horse¬ 
power  automatic  high-speed  steam- 
engine. 

Thomson,  John,  143  Nassau  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (91.) 

Water  meters  and  special  model  to 
demonstrate  operation. 

Underwood  Manufacturing  Co. ,  Tol¬ 
land,  Conn.  (794.) 

Patent  cotton  leather  belting. 

United  States  Metallic  Packing  Co., 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  (122.) 

Metallic  packings,  oil  cups,  and  other 
patented  inventions  applicable  to  lo¬ 
comotive,  marine,  stationary,  hy¬ 
draulic,  and  other  engines, stationary 
engine  with  metallic  packings. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  325 


Walsh,  James,  Jr.,  327  North  Eighth 
street,  Philadelphia,  Pa.  (780.) 

Two  steam- valves,  one  hydrant  cock, 
and  drawings  of  brake  and  grip. 

Westinghouse  Machine  Co.,  Pitts¬ 
burgh,  Pa.  (784.) 

Westinghouse  automatic  engine,  25 
horse-power,  “  Standard,”  furnish¬ 
ing  power  to  dynamo. 

Wheelock,  Jerome,  Worcester,  Mass. 
(894.) 

Wheelock  engine  system. 

Wilson  &  Roake,  261  Front  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (319.) 

Automatic  gravity  purifying  trap  and 
skimmer  for  steam-boilers. 

Worthington  Pumping  Engine  Co.,  i 
New  York,  N.  Y.,  J.H.  Harris,  gen¬ 
eral  manager.  (479.) 

Worthington  high-duty  pumping  en¬ 
gine,  capacity  6,000,000  gallons,  at  ; 
work  on  the  Quai  d’Orsay  for  the 
water  supply  of  Exposition. 

Worthington  compound  pressure  : 
pumps,  with  independent  condens¬ 
ers,  at  work  at  foot  of  the  Eiffel 
Tower  of  300  meters  lifting  water  to 
the  top  platform. 

Worthington  boiler  feed  pumps  are 
used  with  the  boilers  of  the  Collet 
Company  in  the  tower  of  300  meters 
and  in  the  section  of  the  Argentine 
Republic,  with  boilers  of  the  Bab¬ 
cock  and  Wilcox  Company  in  the  i 
pumping  station  of  the  Quai  d’Orsay 
and  in  the  palace  of  machines,  and  i 
also  in  the  various  installations  of 
the  electric  syndicate. 

Class  53.— Machine  Tools. 

American  Screw  Co.,  Providence, R.  I. 
(71.) 

Machines  for  making  rolled  and  j 
swaged  wood  screws. 

American  Tool  and  Machine  Co., 
Boston,  Mass.  (855.) 

Fox  screw-cutting  lathe  for  brass  fin-  ! 
ishers’  use. 

Bliss,  E.  W.,  &  Co.,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
(876.) 

Drop  hammers,  presses,  dies,  and  ma-  J 
chinery  for  working  sheet  metals.  j 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  53. 

Brown  &  Sharpe  Manufacturing  Co.  , 
Providence,  R.  I.  (155.) 

Universal  milling  machines,  vertical 
chucking  machines,  grinding  ma¬ 
chines,  cutter  and  reamer  grinders, 
automatic  gear  cutters,  screw  ma¬ 
chines,  milling  attachments,  sample 
castings,  etc. 

j  Curtis  &  Curtis,  Bridgeport,  Conn. 
(236.) 

Forbes  patent  die-stock,  cutting  and 
threading  machines. 

Higley  Sawing  and  Drilling  Machine 
Co.,  45  Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(300.) 

Machines  for  sawing  and  drilling  iron 
and  steel  of  all  descriptions. 

Hoggson  &  Pettis  Manufacturing 
Co.,  64  Court  street,  New  Haven, 
Conn.  (647.) 

Sweetland  lathe  chuck. 

Horton  &  Son  Co.,  The  E.,  Wind¬ 
sor  Locks,  Conn.  (280.) 

Chucks. 

Jackson,  T.,  2  John  street,  New  York, 
N.Y. 

Model  of  diamond  stone-cutting  saw. 

Morse  Twist  Drill  and  Machine  Co., 
New  Bedford,  Mass.  (593,) 

Twist  drills  for  machinists,  machine 
bits,  solid  shell  and  taper  reamers, 
milling  cutters,  lathe  chucks,  etc. 

Sellers, William,  &  Co.  (incorporated), 
1600  Hamilton  street,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  (148.) 

Iron  planing  machines,  tool  grinding 
and  shaping  machines,  drill  grind¬ 
ing  and  pointing  machine,  self- 
adjusting  injector  of  1876,  and  the 
self-acting  injector  of  1887. 

Silver  &  Deming  Manufacturing  Co.  , 
Salem,  Ohio.  (175.) 

Hub  boring  machines  for  carriage- 
makers,  spoke  tenoning  machines. 

Simonds,  George  Frederic,  Fitchburg, 
Mass.  (629.) 

Metal  rolling  machine. 

Starrett,  L.  S.,  Athol,  Mass.  (500.) 

Mechanics’  tools. 

Sternbergh,  J.H.,  &  Son,  Third  street 
and  Buttonwood  street,  Reading,  Pa. 
(398.) 

Bolt-milling  and  screw-threading  ma¬ 
chine  and  screw-drivers. 


326 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  54. 

Stiles  &  Parker  Press  Co.,  Middle- 
town,  Conn.  (85.) 

Drop  hammers,  presses,  dies,  and  ma¬ 
chinery  for  working  sheet  metal. 

Tanite  Co.,  Stroudsburg,  Pa. 

Tanite  emery  wheels  and  Tanite  emery 
machines. 

Tower  &  Lyon,  95  Chambers  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (681.) 

Stephens’  patent  vises  and  attachments. 

Trump  Brothers  Machine  Co.,  Wil¬ 
mington,  Del.  (777.) 

Scroll  saws,  lathe  center  grinders,  and 
chucks. 

Upton,  George,  Boston,  Mass.  (613.) 

Flint  paper. 

Warner  &  Swasey,  Cleveland,  Ohio. 
(320.) 

Brass-working  machinery:  Turret 
lathes,  spindle  valve  milling  ma¬ 
chines,  etc. 

Whiton,  The  D.  E.,  Machine  Co.,  New 
London,  Conn.  (77.) 

Lathe  chucks,  gear-cutting  machine, 
centering  machine,  expanding  ream¬ 
ers. 

Class  54.— Appliances  and  Methods 
of  Spinning  and  Rope-Making. 

International  Wool  Improving  Co., 
Boston,  Mass.  (488.) 

Hodgson  flush:  Flume  system  for 
scouring  and  dyeing  wool;  also  mo¬ 
del  of  same. 

National  Cordage  Co.,  The,  113  Wall 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (244. ) 

Cordage  and  rope. 

Tucker  &  Carter  Cordage  Co.  ,  98  Pine 
street,  New  York. 

Double-dressed  Kentucky  hemp  and 
four  samples  of  rope. 

Walker,  M.  Philip,  Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Modification  of  Serrell’s  system  of  auto¬ 
matic  spinning  for  silk. 

Class  55.— Apparatus  and  Methods 
of  Weaving. 

Eureka  Fire  Hose  Co.,  J.  Van  D. 
Reed,  president,  13  Barclay  street, 
New  York  City. 

Circular  looms,  hydraulic  circular  wo¬ 
ven  hose,  machine  belting. 


Friedenwald  Brothers,  Baltimore, 
Md.  (810.) 

Embroidering  and  lace-cutting  ma¬ 
chine. 

International  Wool  Improving  Co., 
Boston,  Mass.  (488.) 

Hodgson  flush:  Flume  system  of  scour¬ 
ing  and  dyeing  wool;  also  model  of 
same. 

Class  56.— Appliances  and  Methods 

of  Sewing  and  Making  Articles  of 

Clothing. 

Bailey,  R.  S.,  Silver  Creek,  N.  Y.  (477.) 

Apparatus  for  cutting  out  clothing. 

Campbell  Sewing-Machine  Co.,  Paw¬ 
tucket,  R.  1. 

Campbell  lock-stitch  sewing-machines. 
Lock. 

Davis  Sewing-Machine  Co.,  Water- 
town,  N.Y.  (31.) 

Sewing-machines  for  family  and  man¬ 
ufacturing  use. 

Attachments  and  samples  of  sewing- 
machine  work. 

Eaton,  J.  H.,  Monroe,  Wis.  (78.) 

The  new  Victoria  plaiter,  an  appliance 
for  making  dress  trimming. 

International  Button-Hole  Sewing 
Machine  Co.,  458  Harrison  avenue, 
Boston,  Mass.  (427.) 

Reece  machines  for  making  clothing, 
boots  and  shoes. 

Johnson,  Alfred,  60  rue  de  l’Aqueduc, 
Paris. 

Collective  exhibit  of  machines  for 
making  shoes  and  clothing. 

Mackay  &  Copeland  Lasting-Machine 
Co.,  Societe  Anonyme  pour  l’Ex- 
ploitation  des  Brevets,  agents. 

Mackay  lasting-machine,  magnetic 
lasting-machine,  channel  opening 
machine,  sole-tacking  machine,  toe¬ 
forming  machine. 

New  Home  Sewing-Machine  Co.  ,  Allen 
Schenck,  president,  28  Union  square, 
New  York,  N.Y.  (139.) 

Sewing-machines  and  samples  of  work. 

Paine  Shoe-Lasting  Machine  Co., 
109  North  avenue,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 
(124.) 

Machine  for  lasting  boots  and  shoes. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  327 


Singer  Sewing-Machine  Co.  ,  34  Union 
square,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (286.) 

Sewing-machines  and  samples  of  work. 

Standard  Sewing-Machine  Co.  ,  Atlan¬ 
tic  avenue,  Boston,  Mass. 

A  standard  button  sewing-machine. 

Tapley  Machine  Co.,  234  Devonshire 
street,  Boston,  Mass.  (868.) 

Tapley  heel  burnisher. 

Tillinghast  Supply  Co.,  Providence, 
R.I.  (831.) 

Sewing-machines. 

Union  Button-Sewing  Machine  Co., 
Boston,  MaSs. 

Union  button -sewing  machine  for  use 
in  clothing  and  underwear. 

Wheeler  &  Wilson  Manufacturing 
Co.,  N.  W.  Wheeler,  president, 
Bridgeport,  Conn.  (46.) 

Sewing-machines  for  general  and  spe¬ 
cial  purposes,  including  button-hole 
sewing-machine,  with  attachments 
and  appliances. 

White  Sewing-Machine  Co.,  Thomas 
N.  White,  president,  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  (48.) 

Sewing-machines . 

Wingate,  Julia.  (807.) 

Measurement  system  for  dress-making. 

Class  57— Appliances  and  Methods 

of  Manufacture  of  Articles  for 

Furniture  and  Dwellings. 

Casey  Machine  Supply  Co,  113  Lewis 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (495.) 

Nailing  machine  for  making  cigar- 
boxes  and  packing-boxes  (self -feed¬ 
ing.) 

Chapman,  Lewis  M.,  82  West  Eightieth 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (142.) 

Process  of  manufacture  in  glass  spin¬ 
ning,  modeling  and  engraving. 

Fay,  J.  A.,&  Co.,  W.  H.  Doane,  presi¬ 
dent,  Cincinnati,  Ohio.  (34.) 

Machinery  for  the  economic  conver¬ 
sion  of  lumber  for  Government  navy- 
yards  and  arsenals,  railroad-car  and 
locomotive  shops,  ships,  bridge, 
house,  carriage,  and  furniture  con¬ 
struction,  and  every  other  purpose 
for  which  lumber  may  be  fabricated; 
a  collection  of  30  machines  for  plan- 


Catalogrue  of  exhibitors— Class  58. 
ing,  tongueing,  grooving,  surfacing, 
thicknessing,  sawing,  resplitting, 
molding,  mortising,  boring,  tenon¬ 
ing,  dovetailing,  and  polishing. 

Gaylord,  E.  E.,  Bridgeport,  Conn.  (316.) 

j  Miter  cutter,  miter  saw,  and  miter 
plane. 

I  Gregg,  William  L.,  423  Walnut  street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  (640.) 

Small  working  model  of  brick-making 
machine  and  apparatus  for  brick¬ 
making.  Front  and  ornamental 
brick. 

j  MacCoy,  James  S. ,  431  Eleventh  avenue, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (143.) 

A  pneumatic  tool  in  its  various  appli¬ 
cations. 

Reid,  A.  H. ,  Thirtieth  and  Market  streets, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  (388.) 

“Lightning”  braces  for  boring  holes, 
driving  screws,  etc. 

Schwab,  Ernest,  89  West  Harrison 
street,  Chicago,  Ill.  (180.) 

Wood- working  machinery. 

Silver  &  Deming  Manufacturing  Co., 
Salem,  Ohio.  (175.) 

Hub  boring  machines  for  carriage- 
makers,  spoke  tenoning  machines. 

Class  58. — Appliances  and  Methods 

of  Paper  Manufacture,  Coloring 

and  Printing. 

Borie  Mailing-Machine  Co.,  520  Wash¬ 
ington  street,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
(765.) 

Mailing  machine  (hand  power)  for  affix¬ 
ing  postage  stamps  and  addressing 
slips. 

Campbell  Printing  Press  Manufact¬ 
uring  Co.,  John  T.  Hawkins,  pres¬ 
ident,  160  William  street,  New  York, 
N.  Y.  (184.) 

Cylinder  printing  machines. 

Casey  Machine  and  Supply  Co.,  J. 
Casey,  president,  183  Lewis  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (495.) 

Double  job  press,  belt  shifter  and  brake. 

Douglas  &  Wilson,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Merchants’  roll-paper  printer  and  cut¬ 
ter. 

Electrine  Co.,  St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Inkoleum,  for  reducing  and  refining 
ink  to  prevent  offset,  etc. 


328 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  59. 

Golding  &  Co.,  177  Fort  Hill  square, 
Boston,  Mass.  (68.) 

Printing  presses. 

Hutchins,  Stilson,  for  the  Mergenthaler 
Printing  Company  and  the  Amer¬ 
ican  Press  Company,  Washington, 
D.  C.  (545.) 

The  graplioplione  and  phonograph ,  in 
connection  with  the  Mergenthaler 
linotype  matrix  setting  and  type¬ 
casting  machine  and  the  Henkle- 
Fowler  press. 

Klauder  &  Brothers,  American  street 
and  Lehigh  avenue,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  (292.) 

Skein  yarn  dyeing  machine. 

Liberty  Machine  Works,  54  Frankfort 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (248.) 

Liberty  printing  presses. 

MacKellar,  Smiths  &  Jordan  Co., 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  (653.) 

Printing  type  and  combination  bor¬ 
ders. 

McCoy,  M.  P.,  7  Water  Lane,  Ludgate 
Circus,  London,  England.  (61.) 

Model  American  printing  office,  show¬ 
ing  American  type,  cases,  tools, 
stands,  cabinets,  paper-cutting  ma¬ 
chines,  milling  machines,  and  six 
American  platen  printing  machines. 

Miller,  Edward  L.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
(650.) 

Paragon  paper  and  card  cutting  ma¬ 
chine. 

Reilly,  D.  J.,  &  Co.,  324  Pearl  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (125.) 

Printers’  rollers. 

Thomson,  John,  143  Nassau  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (91.) 

Job  printing  presses,  embossing  press, 
and  paper-box  cutting  and  creasing 
press. 

Thorne  Type-Setting  Machine  Co., 
R.  W.  Nelson,  president,  Hartford, 
Conn.  (679.) 

Type-setting  and  distributing  machine. 

Class  59. — Machines,  Instruments, and 
Methods  used  in  Various  Occu¬ 
pations. 

American  Writing  Machine  Co.,  Hart¬ 
ford,  Conn.  (37.) 

The  calligraph  writing  machine  and 
accessories. 


Automatic  Machine  Co.  ,  45  Broadway, 
New  York,  N.Y.  (665.) 

Automatic  machines. 

Clegg,  Charles  A. ,  127  Broadway,  New 
York,  N.Y.  (779.) 

The  Thompson  duplicating  and  copy¬ 
ing  machine,  for  making  duplicate 
copies  of  manuscript  or  the  writing 
on  hard  or  tissue  paper. 

Clough  &  MacConnel,  132  Nassau 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (24.) 

Wire  corkscrew  machine  and  full  line 
of  Clough’s  proprietary  corkscrews. 

Columbia  Type- Writer  Manufactur¬ 
ing  Co.,  129  Crosby  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (32.) 

Bar-lock  type-writer  and  Columbia 
type- writer. 

Hall  Type- Writer  Co. 

Type- writers. 

Hammond  Type-Writer  Co.,  77  Nassau 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (74.) 

Hammond  type-writers  and  drop  cabi¬ 
nets  for  type- writers. 

Hoggson  &  Pettis  Manufacturing 
Co.,  64  Court  street,  New  Haven, 
Conn.  (647.) 

Morris  type- writer ;  Lowdon  bank 
punch. 

Lamson  Consolidated  Store  Service 
Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Kruse  key-cash  registering  machine, 
with  cash  drawer  attached;  check 
and  adding  machines,  of  three  dif¬ 
ferent  styles,  for  controlling  cash 
receipts. 

Leinbach,  Felix  W.,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 
(306.) 

Paper-bag  machines. 

Myers.  Frederick,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(44.) 

Type-writing  machines. 

National  Cash  Register  Co.,  Dayton, 
Ohio.  (375.) 

National  cash-register  tills. 

Williams,  The  John  R.,  Co.,  102  Cham¬ 
bers  street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (225.) 

Cigar-bunching  machine,  suction  roll¬ 
ing  table,  and  stripping  machine. 

World  Type-Writer  Co.,  New  York, 
N.  Y.  (36.) 

World  type-writer. 


REPOET  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


329 


Wyckoff,  Seamans  &  Benedict,  327 
Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (38.) 

Remington  Standard  type-writer  and 
accessories. 

Class  60.— Carriage-Making,  Wheel¬ 
wright’s  Work,  Harness-Making 
and  Saddlery. 

Chapman  Manufacturing  Co.,  Meriden, 
Conn.  (678.) 

Plumes  and  bells  for  sleighs. 

Dann  Brothers  &  Co.,  80  Franklin 
street,  New  Haven,  Conn.  (382.) 

Bent  wood  and  carriage  wood-work. 

Healey  &  Co.,  Broadway,  near  Forty- 
second  street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(265.) 

Fine  carriages. 

Kimball,  C.  P.,  &  Co.,  Wabash  avenue 
and  Harrison  street,  Chicago,  Ill. 
(610.) 

Brougham,  mail  phaeton,  speeding 
wagon,  and  trotting  sleigh. 

Martin  &  Martin,  574  Fifth  avenue, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Saddles  and  harness. 

Shepard,  H.  G.,  &  Sons,  New  Haven, 
Conn.  (147.) 

Bent  carriage  wood- work. 

Seco,  Henri,  31  Nassau  street,  New 
York.  (801.) 

Improved  jacks. 

Class  61. — Railroad  Appliances. 

Bishop,  Major  D.  E.,  822  Broadway, 
New  York,  N.Y.  (191.) 

Combination  railroad  joint. 

Boyden  Power-Brake  Co.,  Baltimore, 
Md.  (746.) 

Model  railroad  track  and  train  equipped 
with  Boyden  power-brake. 

Fisher,  Clark,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

The  Fisher  rail- joint  mounted,  as  in 
practice,  on  oak  ties. 

Fleming  Manufacturing  Co.,  Fort 
Wayne,  Ind.  (101.) 

The  Leader  road  machine. 

Halsey,  James  T. ,  Paterson,  N.  J.  (901. ) 

Railroad  machine-shop  drill. 

Hoffmier,  A.  K. ,  Lancaster,  Pa.  (769.) 

Drawings  showing  an  improved  system 
of  railway-track  laying. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  61. 

Iron  Car  Co.,  120  Broadway,  New  York. 
(900.) 

Tubular  iron  frame  freight-car,  Good- 
fellow  &  Cushman’s  patent. 

Inloes,  William  H.,  Asheville,  N.  C. 
(27.) 

Model  of  patent  railway  turn-table 
lock. 

Laird,  B.  F.,  Covington,  Ky.  (119.) 

Two  cars  upon  trestles  showing  the 
working  of  his  automatic  car  coup¬ 
ling. 

Merchants’  Dispatch  Transportation 
Co.,  John  C.  Noyes,  general  man¬ 
ager,  335  Broadway,  New  York, 
N.  Y.  (534.) 

Wickes  patent  refrigerator  car. 

New  York  Commercial  Co.  (Limited), 
140  Pearl  street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(411.) 

Equipments  and  supplies  for  the  build¬ 
ing  and  operating  of  railroads. 

New  York  Car -Wheel  Works,  Buffalo, 
N.Y.  (219.) 

Samples  of  car-wheels  and  chilled  test 
pieces  and  sample  pig-iron. 

Peckham  Street-Car  Wheel  and  Axle 
Co.,  George L.  Fowler,  secretary. 239 
Broadway,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (259.) 

Street-car  wheels,  steel  tired  paper  car- 
wheels,  steel  tired  car-wheels,  and 
car-axles. 

Pennsylvania  Railroad  Co.,  Altoona, 
Pa.  (662.) 

Passenger-car  truck,  freight-car  truck, 
section  of  passenger  car,  section  of 
box  car,  section  of  gondola  car,  cast- 
iron  wheels  on  axle,  worn-out  wheel 
(cast  iron),  cast-iron  wheel  spoiled  in 
casting,  broken  wheel  showing  chill, 
etc.,  and  other  small  articles;  sec¬ 
tion  of  standard  rail  and  rail  joint; 
album  of  specifications  for  materials, 
etc. ;  album  of  photographs  of  cars, 
locomotives,  etc. 

Porter,  H.  K.,  &  Co.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
(415.) 

Light  back-truck  locomotive. 

Railway  News  Co., 32  Cortlandt  street. 
New  York,  N.Y.  (787.) 

Railroad  appliances  and  models,  includ¬ 
ing  models  of  new  engines,  bridges, 
viaducts,  and  railroad  engineering 
works. 


330 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  62. 

Sprague  Electric  Railway  and  Mo¬ 
tor  Co.,  16  Broad  street,  New  York, 
N.Y.  (677.) 

Electric  railway  truck  mounted  with 
two  15  horse-power  motors.  (See  also 
Class  62.) 

Thomson-Houston  International 
Electric  Co.,  Boston,  Mass.  (608.) 

Electric  railway  appliances,  motors, 
trucks,  car  complete. 

Warren,  Andrew,  St.  Louis,  Mo.  (764). 

Lever  lifting  and  lowering  jacks  for 
railroad  work. 

Class  62.— Electricity. 

American  Bell  Telephone  Co.,  Bos¬ 
ton,  Mass.  (501.) 

Telephones  and  telephone  appliances. 

American  Graphophone  Co.,  Washing¬ 
ton,  D.C. 

Graphophones. 

“C.  and  C.”  Electric  Motor  Co.,  402 
Greenwich  street,  New  York,  N.  Y., 
Arthur  Shippey,  agent.  (859.) 

Electric  motor  and  ventilating  pans. 

Cobb  Vulcanite  Wire  Co.  ,  Wilmington, 
Del.  (405.) 

Flexible  vulcanized  rubber,  insulated 
wires  for  electric  light,  telegraph, 
and  all  electrical  purposes,  especially 
underground  wires. 

Commercial  Cable  Co.,  Ave.  de  l’Opera, 
Paris.  (675. ) 

System  of  telegraph  apparatus. 

Consolidated  Telegraph  and  Electri¬ 
cal  Subway  Co.,  Leonard  F.  Beck¬ 
with,  chief  engineer,  18  Cortlandt 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (700.) 

Maps,  drawings,  plans,  and  samples  of 
construction  and  materials  illustra¬ 
tive  of  the  construction  and  operat¬ 
ing  of  the  electrical  subways. 

Dion,  Charles,  7  rue  de  l’Arcade,  Paris, 
France.  (212.) 

A  syphon  to  empty  at  one  time  several 
cups  of  a  battery  or  electric  pile. 

Edison,  Thomas  A.,  Llewellyn,  N.  J. 
(144.) 

General  electrical  and  other  exhibits  of 
the  inventions  of  Thomas  A.  Edison. 

Electrical  Collective  Exhibition  by 
U.  S.  Commission.  (713.) 

Publications  and  models  pertaining  to 
electricity. 


Electrical  Supply  Co.,  171  Randolph 
street,  Chicago,  Ill.  (709.) 

Special  electrical  appliances. 

Electron  Manufacturing  Co.,  The, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y.  (878.) 

Electro  motors. 

Gray,  Elisha,  Highland  Park,  Ill.  (710.) 

Telephones,  harmonic  telegraph,  tel¬ 
autograph,  speaking  telephones,  his¬ 
torical  apparatus. 

Hanson,  Van  Winkle  &  Co.,  Newark, 
N.J.  (750.) 

Photographs  illustrating  apparatus 
and  methods  of  electro-metallurgy 
of  nickle. 

Heisler  Electric  Light  Co.  ,  A.  Graner, 
secretary,  809  South  Seventh  street, 
St.  Louis,  Mo.  (367.) 

Heisler  electric-light  dynamo,  with 
automatic  regulator  with  requisite 
lamps. 

Jeffords,  J.  E. ,  &  Co.  (903.) 

Photographs  of  porous  cells  for  electri¬ 
cal  purposes. 

Johnston,  W.  J. ,  Co.  (Limited),  168 
Potter  Building,  New  York,  N.  Y. 
(716.) 

Books  concerning  electricity  published 
in  the  United  States. 

Munson  Lightning  Conductor  Co., 
Indianapolis,  Ind.  (453.) 

Lightning  conductors. 

Okonite  Co.,  W.  L.  Candee,  treasurer. 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (499.) 

Specimens  of  insulated  wires  and  ca¬ 
bles. 

Silliman,  Robert,  Troy,  N.  Y. 

Specimens  of  insulated  cable  for  street 
and  house  use. 

Solar  Carbon  and  Manufacturing  Co.  , 
69  Fifth  avenue,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 
(685.) 

Battery  carbons  and  electric-light  car¬ 
bons. 

Sperry  Electric  Co.  ,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Electric-light  plant,  one  dynamo,  regu¬ 
lator,  line,  wires,  switches,  lamps, 
etc. 

Sprague  Electric  Railway  and  Mo¬ 
tor,  16  Broad  street,  New  York. 
(677.) 

Complete  electric-railway  track  and 
two  15  horse-power  motors.  (-See 
also  Class  61.) 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  331 


Thomson,  Elihu,  Lynn,  Mass.  (607.)  j 

Various  inventions  pertaining  to  elec-  | 
tricity. 

Thomson  Electric  Welding  Co.,  70 
Kilby  street,  Boston.  Mass.  (525. ) 

Electric  welding  apparatus. 

Thomson-Houston  International 
Electric  Co.,  620  Atlantic  avenue, 
Boston,  Mass.  (608.)  {See  also  Class  I 
61.) 

Electric  generators,  electric  motors, 
and  electric  appliances. 

United  States  Commissioner  of  Pat¬ 
ents,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Volumes  of  patents  relating  to  elec¬ 
tricity. 

United  States  Naval  Observatory,  i 
Capt.  R.  L.  Phythian,  Superintend-  | 
ent,  Washington,  D.  C.  (824.) 

Electrical  distribution  of  time  ;  Gard¬ 
ner’s  system  by  correcting  and  con¬ 
trolling  clocks,  dropping  balls,  and 
other  signals.  (See  also  Class  15.) 

Volta  Graphophone  Co. ,  Washington, 
D.  C.  (484.) 

Graphophones. 

Western  Electric  Co.,  M.  Barton,  pres-  j 
ident,  Chicago,  Ill.  (526.) 

Electrical  apparatus. 

Wharton,  Joseph,  American  Nickel 
Works,  Camden,  N.  J.  (902.) 

Magnetic  alloy  of  nickel  with  tungsten. 

Class  63. — Appliances  and  Methods  ! 

of  Civil  Engineering,  of  Public 

Works  and  Architecture. 

American  Road-Machine  Co.,  Ken- 
nett  Square,  Pa.  (510.) 

American  road  machine. 

Buffalo  International  Fair  Associa¬ 
tion,  47  Chapin  Block,  Buffalo, 
N.  Y.  (452.) 

Plans  of  exposition  building. 

Corbin,  P.  &  F. ,  New  Britain,  Conn. (845.) 

Locks  and  builders’  hardware,  post- 
office  system. 

Empire  Granite  Co,,  625  East  Fifteenth 

street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (294.) 

Artificial  granite  laundry  tubs. 

Fleming  Manufacturing  Co.  ,  Fort 
Wayne,  Ind.  (101.) 

The  Leader  road  machine. 

Gesner,  John  F.,  15  State  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (145.) 

Specimens  of  artificial  stone  and  wood.  ! 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  63; 

Hayes,  George,  71  Eighth  avenue,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (127.) 

Metallic  fireproof  lathing,  furring, etc., 
with  machinery. 

Herring  &  Co.,  251  Broadway,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (644.) 

Burglar  and  fireproof  safes. 

International  Gas  and  Fuel  Co.  ,  Chi¬ 
cago,  Ill.  (726.) 

System  of  fluid  fuel  distribution,  as 
applied  to  furnaces,  dry  kilns,  etc. 

Kensett,  James  W.,  272  Federal  streets 
Boston,  Mass.  (324.) 

Metallic  lathing  and  foundation  there¬ 
for,  for  the  prevention  of  the  spread 
of  fire. 

Koch,  A.  B.,  Co.,  Peoria,  Ill.  (682.) 

Brackets  for  shelves  in  cast  iron,, 
fancy  patterns. 

Lehigh  Valley  Creosoting  Co.,  Perth 
Amboy,  N.  J.,  Walter  G.  Berg, 
superintendent. 

Photograph  of  creosoting  works. 

Catalogue  of  small  photographs  of 
works  with  description  of  same;  also 
photograph  of  tests  with  description. 

Lindenthal,  Gustav,  36  Lewis  Block, 
Pittsburgh,  Pa.  (819.) 

Perspective  drawing  of  the  proposed. 
North  River  bridge  at  New  York 
City,  with  middle  span  2,850  feet 
long,  for  six  railroad  tracks. 

Miller  Lock  Co.  ,  M.  Jackson,  managing 
director,  Frankford,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.  (394.) 

Samples  of  boxes,  keyless  locks,  and. 
padlocks. 

Seco,  Henri,  31  Nassau  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y.  (801.) 

Patent  improved  lifting  jacks  for 
vehicles. 

Standard  Paint  Co.,  59  Maiden  Lane 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (73.) 

lk  P  and  B”  electrical  compounds  and 
paints,  sheathing  and  water-proof 
lining  papers;  roofing  and  covering. 

Tubular  Barrow  Machine  Co.,  169  to 
175  Fourteenth  street,  Jersey  City, 
N.  J.  (658.) 

Tubular  steel  wheelbarrows  for  dirt 
coal,  ore,  and  mills;  steel  dumping 
tub  for  coal  or  ore. 


382 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  64. 

Turner,  I.  Jackson,  Princeton  College, 
Princeton,  N.  J.  (604.) 

Aspirating  ventilator  or  chimney  cap. 

United  States  Patent  Cement  Con¬ 
duit  Co.,  48  Dey  street,  New  York, 
N.  Y.  (800.) 

Sections  of  continuous  conduit  for 
wires  under  ground. 

United  States  Corps  of  Engineers. 
(909.) 

Methods  of  civil  engineering;  reports 
on  public  works. 

Whitehouse,  Frederic  Cope,  New 
York.  (335.) 

A  relief  map  of  the  Raiyan  and  Fa- 
youm  depressions  in  Middle  Egypt, 
from  original  surveys — with  com¬ 
plete  details  of  the  ancient  canal — the 
Bahr  Jusut  or  River  of  Joseph,  and 
the  new  Raiyan  canal  and  reservoir. 

Wilson,  James  Godfrey,  907  Broadway, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (64.) 

Rolling  blinds,  Venetian  blinds,  and 
rolling  steel  shutters. 

Witte,  JohnG.,  &  Brother,  75  Cham¬ 
bers  street,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (67.) 

Door  spring  and  check. 

Worthington  Pumping-Engine  Co., 
145  Broadway,  New  York.  (479.) 

One  Worthington  compound  condens¬ 
ing,  high-duty,  water-works  engine, 
with  boilers,  buildings,  and  acces¬ 
sories  for  the  supply  of  water  to  the 
Exposition. 

(See  Class  52.) 

Yale  &  Towne  Manufacturing  Co., 
Schuyler  Merritt,  general  manager, 
Stamford,  Conn.  (397.) 

Specimens  of  hardware  and  locks, 
the  Yale  &  Towne  post-office  system. 

■Class  64. — Hygiene  and  Public  Char¬ 
ities. 

National  Soldiers’  Home  of  the 
United  States,  General  W.  B. 
Franklin,  president,  Hartford,  Conn. 
(886.) 

Plan  of  hospital  building  at  Soldiers’ 
Home,  near  Hampton,  Va. 

Wing,  Levi  J.,50  Cliff  street,  New  York, 
N.  Y.  (326.) 

Disk  fans  and  high-speed  engines,  used 
for  heating,  ventilating,  cooling,  dry¬ 
ing,  removing  steam,  dust,  smoke, 
gases,  vapors,  etc. 


I  Class  65.  —  Navigation  and  Life- 
Saving. 

Allen,  Frederick  S.,  Cuttyhunk  Is¬ 
land,  Mass.  (19.) 

Model  of  reversible  life-boat. 

i 

!  Badia  &  Dubois,  332  South  Fourth  street, 
Philadelphia,  Pa.  (238.) 

Automatic  life-preserver  belts  and 
model  of  automatic  life-raft;  draw¬ 
ing  showing  automatic  system  of  in¬ 
flating  bags  to  render  a  vessel  un- 
sinkable. 

Commercial  Cable  Co.,  New  York, 
N.  Y.  (675.) 

Model  of  the  cable-repairing  steamer 
The  Mackay-  Bennett. 

Dashiell,  Benjamin  J.,  Jr,,  6  South 
street,  Baltimore,  Md.  (788.) 

Drawings  of  tow-boat. 

I  Dolliver,  James  W.,  5  Broad  street, 
Boston,  Mass.  (541.) 

Swan  bicycle  life-guard  boat. 

Holmes,  Eben,  Marion,  Mass.  (146.) 

Model  of  cat-boat. 

j  Norton.  (910.) 

Yacht  Neversink. 

Railway  News  Co.  ,  32  Cortlandt  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y.  (787.) 

Models  of  Long  Island  Sound  steamer, 
Hudson  River  steamboats,  ferry¬ 
boats,  and  transfer  boats;  pictures 
of  other  boats. 

Temple,  Lewis,  92  Union  street,  New 
Bedford,  Mass.  (134.) 

Yacht  model,  half-inch  scale,  for  a 
sixty-feet  center-board  boat. 

Wright,  Peter,  &  Sons,  6  Bowling 
Green,  New  York,  N.  Y.  (616.) 

Models  of  passenger  steamships  Fries¬ 
land  and  City  of  Paris. 

GROUP  7.— FOOD  PRODUCTS. 

I  Class  67.— Cereals:  Farinaceous 

Products  with  their  Derivatives. 

|  Board  of  Trade,  Chicago,  Ill. 

j  Grain  in  sacks  and  in  cases  represent¬ 
ing  the  various  grades  officially  es¬ 
tablished  by  the  State  Inspection  of 
Illinois,  together  with  a  chart  illus¬ 
trating  the  extent  of  the  grain  busi¬ 
ness  of  Chicago. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  333 


Board  of  Trade,  Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Grain,  showing  the  different  grades  of  j 
quality  established  officially  by  the  I 
State. 

Butler,  A.  P. ,  Commissioner  of  Agri-  j 
culture  for  South  Carolina. 

Rice,  the  raw  finished  product,  includ-  J 
ing  sixteen  specimens  representing  j 
the  various  processes  of  the  milling. 

Collective  Exhibit  of  cereals  prepared  j 
under  the  direction  of  the  Secretary 
of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Contributors: 

Morrow,  G.  E. ,  professor  of  agricult-  I 
ure,  Illinois  University,  Cham¬ 
paign,  Ill. 

Thorne,  Charles  E. ,  director  agricult-  j 
ure  experiment  station,  Colum-  | 
bus,  Ohio. 

Ingersoll,  C.  L. ,  president  State  Agri¬ 
cultural  College,  Fort  Collins,  Col.  ; 
Foster,  Luther,  professor  of  agricult-  , 
ure,  Brookings,  Dak. 

Furnas,  R.  W.,  ex-governor,  Lin-  : 
coin,  Neb. 

Whitney,  C.  C.,  Marshall,  Minn. 
Whitney,  F.  I.,  general  passenger 
agent,  St.  Paul,  M.  &  M.  R.  R., 
St.  Paul,  Minn. 

Black,  General  J.  C.,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Silver,  J.  P.,  Glenville,  Md. 

The  A.  B.  Cleveland  Co. ,  New  York. 
Bretz,  J.  H.,  Oakdale,  Neb. 

Gwynn,  J.  R.,  Clinton,  Mo. 

Henry,  Professor,  director  agricult¬ 
ural  experiment  station,  Madison, 
Wis. 

Vanderhoof,  R.  H.,  Newton,  Ill. 
Haase,  A.  F.,  Dakota  City,  Neb. 
Bessey,  Prof.  C.  E.,  Lincoln,  Neb. 
Nelson,  J.  F.,  Olney,  Ill. 

Higgins,  J.  P.,  Calhoun,  Ill. 

Dowd,  M.  Fairchilds,  Kansas  City, 
Mo. 

Gabilson,  C.  L.  ,New  Hampton,  Iowa,  j 
Nimo  Bros.,  Emerson,  Iowa. 

Upton,  E.  M.,  Cummings,  Dak. 

Glen  Cove  Manufacturing  Co.,  New  j 
York,  N.  Y. 

Samples  of  maizena,  grape  sugar  and 
glucose. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  69. 

Ingersoll,  Prof.  C.  L.,  president  Agri¬ 
cultural  College,  Fort  Collins,  Colo. 

Eight  large  plaques  with  designs 
formed  of  the  various  grains  and 
grasses  grown  in  Colorado. 

Jackson,  Arthur  C.,  Sanford,  Fla. 

Cereal  products  of  Florida;  general 
collection  of  agricultural  products. 

Mansfield,  J.  E.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Samples  of  pop-corn. 

Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Co.,  35 
Wall  street.  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Various  products. 

Pillsbury,  C.A.,  &  Co.,  Minneapolis, 
Minn. 

Wheat  in  sacks  representing  the  grades 
officially  established;  flour  in  its 
various  stages  of  manufacture. 

Schumacher,  T. ,  &  Co.,  Akron,  Ohio. 

Various  finished  cereal  products. 

Street,  S.  H.,  &  Co.,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Cereal  products:  “Johnny-cake,”  flour, 
etc. 

Townshend,  Charles  Hervey,  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

“Wheatine,”  “  whahaba,”  “johnny- 
cake,”  and  other  derivatives  of 
wheat,  corn,  and  buckwheat. 

Vogt,  August,  Will’s  Point,  Tex. 

One  bushel  of  white  corn. 

Wiley,  Dr.  H.W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Illustrations  of  experiments  with  sor¬ 
ghum  sugar  cane. 

Class  68.— Yeasts,  etc. 

Queen  City  Chemical  Co.,  77  Main 
street,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Specimens  of  baking  powder. 

Class  69.— Fat  Substances  used  for 

Food,  Milk  Products,  and  Eggs. 

Armour  &  Co. ,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Lard. 

Bagnoli,  Luidi,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Olive  oil. 

Cassard, G.,  &  Son.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Lard. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  D.  E.  Salmon,  Chief 
of  Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 

Butter  and  cheese  made  in  the  United 
States,  suitable  for  export. 


334 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


•Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  70. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  Dr.  Thomas  Taylor, 
microscopist. 

Two  hundred  and  seventy-three  micro¬ 
photographs  of  the  crystalline  struc¬ 
ture  of  animal  and  vegetable  fats. 

Eagle  Condensed-Milk  Co.,  79  Murray 
street,  New  York  City. 

Condensed  milk. 

Elgin  Condensed-Milk  Co.,  Elgin,  Ill. 

Condensed  milk. 

•Goodrich,  E.E.,  Santa  Clara,  Cal. 

Olive  oil,  grades  of  crop  of  1889. 

Green  Mountain  Stock  Farm,  West 
Randolph,  Yt. 

Butter. 

Helvetia  Milk-Condensed  Co.,  High¬ 
land,  Ill. 

Condensed  milk. 

Hooper,  George  F. ,  Sonoma,  Cal. 

Olive  oil. 

Klauber,  J.  C.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Samples  of  oil  made  from  the  germ  of 
the  maize. 

Michener,  J.  H.,&Co.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Lard. 

Morrell  &  Co. ,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Butter. 

Rixford,  G.  P.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Olive  oil. 

■Simpson,  McIntire  &  Co. ,  Boston,  Mass. 

Diamond  creamery  butter. 

•Southern  Cotton-Seed  Oil  Co.,  New  j 
York,  N.Y. 

Refined  cotton-seed  oil.  {See  Class  44.) 

Strickler  Brothers  &  Co.,  Sterling, 
Ill. 

Liquid  coloring  for  butter. 

Swift  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Lard. 

Wetmore,  Charles  A.,  Livermore,  Cal. 

Olive  oil  of  California. 

Class  70.— Meats  and  Fishes. 

Armour  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Canned  meats,  ^salted  and  packed 
meats,  canned  soups,  extracts  of 
meat. 

Brougham,  George,  68  W.  Jackson 
street,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Extracts  of  meat,  canned  soups. 


Cassard,  G.,  &  Son,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Dried,  salted,  and  smoked  meats. 

Cowdrey,  E.I.,&  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Canned  meats. 

Curtice  Bros.,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

Canned  meats. 

Ferris,  F.  A.,  &  Co.,  274  Mott  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Dried,  salted,  and  smoked  meats. 

Franco- American  Soup  Co.,  Warren 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Canned  soups. 

Huckins,  J.  H.  W.,  &  Co.,  18  Waterford 
street,  Boston,  Mass. 

Canned  soups. 

Humbert,  Henry,  &  Co.,  814  Fulton 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Extracts  of  meat. 

Libby  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Canned  meats. 

Michener,  J.  H.,  &  Co.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Dried,  salted,  and  smoked  meats. 

Morris  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill.  (Fairbanks’ 
Canning  Co.). 

Canned  meats. 

Richardson  &  Robbins,  Dover,  Del. 

Canned  meats. 

Rogers,  W.  H.,  419  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Canned  fresh  salmon  from  Columbia 
River  and  Alaska. 

Swift  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Salted  and  packed,  dried,  salted,  and 
smoked  meats. 

Class  71.— Vegetables  and  Fruits. 

Brown,  Arthur,  Bagdad,  Santa  Rosa 
County,  Fla. 

Pecan  nuts. 

California  Dried-Fruit  Association, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Series  of  samples  of  dried  grapes. 

Clagett,  F.,  Upper  Marlboro’,  Md. 

Canned  sweet  corn  and  lima  beans. 

Cleveland,  A.  B.,  &  Co.,  New  York. 

Twenty-nine  varieties  of  peas  and  of 
beans,  sweet  corn,  peas  and  corn. 

Collective  Exhibit  of  vegetables  and 
fruits  prepared  under  the  direction 
of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture, 
Washington,  D.  C. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  335 


Division  of  Pomology,  U.  S.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Series  of  models  of  citrus  fruits  and 
of  orchard  fruits;  collection  of  dried 
fruits. 

Erie  Preserving  Co.  ,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Canned  succotash,  sweet  corn,  and  to¬ 
matoes,  fruits,  and  berries. 

Florida  State  Horticultural  Soci¬ 
ety. 

Citrus  fruits. 

Griffin  Canning  Co.,  Griffin,  Ga. 

Canned  tomatoes. 

Harris,  Joseph,  Seed  Co.,  Rochester, 
N.  Y. 

Varieties  of  beans,  peas,  and  beets. 

Hooper,  George  F.,  Sonoma,  Cal. 

Walnuts,  English,  grown  in  California; 
dried  prunes,  pickled  olives. 

Kennon,  Gray  &  Co.,  Sublett  Taverne, 
Pa. 

Canned  tomatoes  and  sweet  corn. 

Kimball,  Frank  A.,  National  City,  Cal. 

Citrus  fruits. 

Mallory,  E.  B.,  &  Co.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Canned  tomatoes,  com  and  peas, 
peaches. 

Martin,  Wagner  &  Co.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Canned  tomatoes,  corn  and  peas,  pine¬ 
apples,  peaches,  apples. 

Meade,  George  W.,  &  Co.,  San  Fran¬ 
cisco,  Cal. 

Dried  fruits  of  California. 

Myer,  Thomas  J. ,  &  Co. ,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Canned  vegetables,  fruits,  and  berries. 

Numsen,  William,  &  Sons,  Baltimore, 
Md. 

Pineapples,  peaches,  plums,  and  ber¬ 
ries,  canned  vegetables. 

Orestott,  Henry,  Placer  County,  Cal. 

One  box  muscatel  raisins. 

Pacific  Orchard  Cannery,  San  Jose, 
Cal. 

Canned  fruits  and  fruits  in  brandy. 

Perry,  F.  H.,  Providence,  R.  I. 

Canned  tomatoes,  asparagus,  beans  and 
corn,  fruits  and  berries. 

Plant  System,  Florida. 

Preserved  fruits. 

Rixford,  G.  P.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Jujube  berries,  pistachio  nuts. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  72. 

Rogers,  W.  H.,  419  California  street, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Canned  fresh  fruits:  Apricots,  peaches, 
etc. 

Rosa,  John  J.,  Milford,  Del. 

Dried  peaches,  etc. 

Sears  &  Nichols,  Chillicothe,  Ohio. 

Twelve  cans  of  corn,  canned  peaches. 

Seed  Division,  U.  S.  Department  of  Ag¬ 
riculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Miscellaneous  varieties  of  garden  seeds. 

Steiner,  Samuel,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Dried  fruits. 

Van  Diemen,  M.  H.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Collection  of  fruits. 

Van  Nostrand  &  Co.,  New  York  City. 

Evaporated  apples  and  dried  fruits. 

Winterport  Packing  C.,  Winterport, 
Me. 

Canned  sweet  corn. 

Class  72.— Condiments  and  Stimu¬ 
lants;  Sugar  and  Products  of  Con¬ 
fectionery. 

Adams  &  Sons,  156  Sands  street,  Brook¬ 
lyn,  N.Y. 

Adams’  tutti  frutti  chewing-gum. 

Bacon,  Mrs.  C.  A.,  Ormond,  Fla. 

Guava  jelly  and  preserves. 

Collective  Exhibit  prepared  under  the 
direction  of  the  Secretary  of  Agri¬ 
culture,  Washington,  D.  C.,  Dr.  H. 
W.  Wiley,  chemist. 

Sorghum  syrup,  sorghum  heads  of  dif¬ 
ferent  varieties  showing  the  develop¬ 
ment  of  the  plant;  sorghum  sugar 
refined,  etc. 

Convent  of  St.  Augustine,  St.  Augus¬ 
tine,  Fla. 

Fruit  preserves. 

Conway  Springs  Co.  ,  Conway  Springs, 
Kan. 

Sorghum  sugar  refined. 

Dadant,  Charles,  &  Son,  Hamilton, 
Ill.  (See  also  Class  76.) 

Douglas  Sugar  Co.,  Douglas,  Kan. 

Sorghum  syrup,  sorghum  sugar  refined. 

I  Erie  Preserving  Co.  ,  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Conserves. 

Fawcett,  Alice  K.,  Ormond,  Fla. 

Guava  jelly. 

Heinz,  H.  J.,  Co.,  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

I  Apple  butter,  raspberry  jam. 


336 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  73. 

Kinney,  S.  H.,  Morristown,  Minn. 

Sorghum  syrup,  sorghum  heads  of 
the  “  Early  Amber”  variety  cultiva¬ 
ted  at  the  forty-third  degree  of  lati¬ 
tude;  sorghum  sugar  refined. 

Lutted,  James,  27  and  29  Ellicott  street, 
Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Specimens  of  candies  and  confection¬ 
ery  made  by  hand  and  steam  power. 

Maillard,  Henry, West  Twenty-fourth, 
West  Twenty-fifth  streets  and  Broad¬ 
way,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

About  8,000  different  styles  of  bon¬ 
bons  and  fancy  chocolates;  two  cho¬ 
colate  vases,  height,  1.45mm;  weight, 
450  kilograms.  (See  also  Class  11.) 

Miller,  George,  &  Son,  610  Market 
street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Confectionery,  American  candies. 

Newcomb,  T. 

Candies. 

Palisade  Manufacturing  Co.,  West 
Hoboken,  N.  J. 

Tournade’s  kitchen  bouquet,  concen¬ 
trated  essence  for  flavoring  soups, 
gravies,  etc. 

Preserving  and  Canning  Co.,  The, 
St.  Augustine,  Fla. 

Preserved  guava,  guava  jelly,  marma¬ 
lade,  and  preserved  figs. 

Ross,  Mary  E.,  104  Pearl  street,  New 
York,  N.  Y. 

Excelsior  sauce. 

Wilbur,  H.  O.,  &  Son,  287  North  Third 
street,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Cocoa  and  chocolates. 

Class  73.— Fermented  Drinks. 

Adamson,  Rutherford,  Napa  County, 
Cal. 

Wines,  assorted,  from  his  vineyard  at 
Napa. 

American  Wine  Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Wines  of  the  islands  of  Lake  Erie,  in 
Ohio. 

Beadleston  &*Woerz,  291  West  Tenth 
street,  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Lager  beer,  ale,  and  porter. 

Beck,  Adolphe,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Wines:  Sauvignon,  Cabernet,  Port,  and 
Burgundy. 

Ben  Lomond  Wine  Co.,  Mr.  Wilkens, 
agent,  Santa  Cruz  County,  Cal. 

White  wine,  vintage  of  1886. 


Bergner  &  Engel  Brewing  Co.  ,  Phila¬ 
delphia,  Pa. 

Malt  liquors. 

Beringer  Brothers,  St.  Helena,  Napa 
County,  Cal. 

Wines  and  brandies. 

Bolen  &  Byrne,  416  to  423  East  Fifty- 
fourth  street,  New  York. 

Golden  Russet  champagne  cider,  min¬ 
eral  waters,  ginger  ale,  and  other 
aerated  beverages. 

Brun,  A. ,  &  Co. ,  Nouveau  Medoc,  Oak¬ 
ville,  Napa  County,  Cal. 

Wines:  Riesling,  Catawba,  Carignane, 
Zinfandel. 

California  State  Viticultural  Com¬ 
mission  “  Experimental  Cellar,” 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Five  cases  assorted  wines  of  California, 
various  brands  and  vintages. 

Chauche,  A.  G.,  Mont  Rouge  Vineyards, 
Livermore,  Alameda  County,  Cal. 

Wine  from  a  blend  of  Sauvignon  Blanc, 
Semilion  and  Muscatel  de  Bordelais. 

Crabb,  H.  W.,  Tokalon  Vineyard,  Oak¬ 
ville,  Napa  County,  Cal. 

Three  cases  wine,  assorted,  Sauterne, 
Tokay,  Gutedel,  Muscatel,  Chamber- 
tin,  etc. 

Craft,  N.  W. ,  Shore,  N.  C. 

Wine. 

Craig,  W.  O. ,  Sonoma,  Cal. 

Wine:  a  blend  of  Riesling  and  Chasse- 
las,  vintage  of  1885. 

Dad  ant,  Chas.  ,  &  Son,  Hamilton,  Ill. 

Wine  and  vinegar  from  honey. 

De  Turk,  J . ,  Santa  Rosa,  Sonoma 
County,  Cal. 

Four  cases  of  assorted  wines:  Riesling, 
Zinfandel,  sherry,  brandy. 

Edge  Hill  Wine  Co.,  St.  Helena,  Cal. 

Wines:  Cabinet  Riesling,  Golden  Chas- 
selas,  Zinfandel,  Burgundy,  and 
brandy. 

Ewer  &  Atkinson,  Rutherford,  Napa 
County,  Cal. 

Wines:  Sauvignon  vert,  Reisling,  Zin¬ 
fandel,  Burgundy,  Benoir. 

Fible  &  Crabb,  Eminence,  Ky.,  and 
Boston,  Mass. 

Bottled  whisky. 

Florida  Wine  Co.  ,  Clay  Springs,  Fla. 

Orange  wine. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  337 


Gast  Wine  Co.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Wines:  Norton,  Tavlor,  Iowa,  Riesling, 
etc. 

Greenbaum,  Alfred,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Three  cases  wine,  assorted,  from  vine¬ 
yards  in  a  mountainous  region. 

Gundlach,  J. ,  &  Co. ,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Ten  cases  assorted  wines  from  their 
Rhinefarm,  Sonoma,  vineyards. 

Grossman,  H.,  Napa,  Cal. 

Wines  and  brandies. 

Haqen,  Henry,  Cedar  Knoll  vineyards, 
Napa  County,  Cal. 

Wines  and  brandy:  Reisling,  Zinfan- 
del,  Port  Angelica,  Malaga,  etc. 

Haraszthy,  Arpad  &  Co.,  San  Fran- 
ciso,  Cal. 

Eclipse  extra  dry,  Eclipse  brut,  Reis¬ 
ling,  Gutedel,  Zinfandel,  etc.,  most¬ 
ly  from  Orleans  vineyards,  Yolo 
County. 

Hilgard,  Prof.  W.  E. ,  University  of 
California,  Berkeley,  contributor. 

Condensed  must  samples. 

Hooper,  George  F.,  Sobre  Vista  vine¬ 
yard,  Sonoma.  Cal. 

Wines:  Reisling,  Zinfandel,  Muscatel, 
and  brandy. 

Hume  &Co.,  807  Market  Space,  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  avenue,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Old  Stag  whiskey  and  old  apple 
brandy. 

Husman,  Prof.  George,  Napa  City,  Cal. 

Wines  of  California. 

Krug,  Charles,  St.  Helena,  Napa  Coun¬ 
ty,  Cal. 

Case  of  wines,  assorted,  including 
Mondense,  Sweet  Muscatel,  and 
brandy. 

Kohler  &  Frohling,  San  Francisco, 

Cal. 

Eight  cases  wine  and  brandy,  assorted, 
from  their  Glen  Ellen  vineyards. 

Kunz,  Joseph,  New  York  City. 

Beer. 

Matthews,  J.,  Lisbon  Winery,  Napa, 
Cal. 

Case  of  selected  wines:  Riesling,  Zin¬ 
fandel,  sherry, 

Megliavalla,  G.,  Napa,  Cal. 

Claret  wine  made  in  Napa  Valley. 

Montgomery  Brewing  Co.,  Montgom¬ 
ery,  Ala. 

Beer. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Class  73. 

Monticello  Wine  Co.,  Charlottesville, 
Va. 

Wines:  Cythiana,  Norton,  Clinton, 
Ives,  etc. 

Mott,  S.  R.  &  T.  C.,  118  Warren  street, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Sweet  and  Golden  Russet  carbonated 
cider. 

Munson,  J.  V.,  Denison,  Tex. 

Collection  of  native  vines. 

Napa  Valley  Wine  Co.  ,  cellars  at  Napa, 
commercial  business  at  San  Francis¬ 
co,  Cal. 

Five  cases  wines:  Carignane,  Burgun¬ 
dy,  Cabinet  Sauvignon,  Gutudel, 
Tokay,  and  brandy. 

New  Urbana  Wine  Co.,  Hammonds- 
port,  N.  Y. 

Gold  Seal,  Port,  sweet  and  dry  Ca¬ 
tawba,  etc. 

Nouveau  Clos  Vougeot  Vineyard, 
V.  Courtois,  manager,  St.  Helena, 
Fapa  County,  Cal. 

Three  cases  wines,  assorted  brands 
and  vintages. 

Osborn,  John,  Son&  Co.,  New  York, 
Philadelphia,  Montreal. 

“  Antediluvian  ”  pure  rye  whiskey. 

Pearson,  Alex.  M.,  Vineland,  N.  J. 

Burgundy  and  Ironclad. 

Pleasant  Valley  Wine  Co.  ,  Rheims, 
Steuben  county,  N.  Y. 

Western  extra  dry,  Delaware,  Ca¬ 
tawba. 

Purity  Wine  Co.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Red  and  white  wines  treated  by  an 
electric  process. 

Russow,  Adolph,  Proffits  P.  O. ,  Va. 

Wine,  “  Norton.” 

Ryckman,  G.  F.,  Brocton  Wine  Com¬ 
pany,  Brocton,  N.  Y. 

Imperial  champagne,  Brocton  Port, 
Catawba,  Niagara,  etc. 

Schilling,  C.  &  Co.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Five  cases  wine:  Cabernet,  Sauvig¬ 
non,  Burgundy,  Zinfandel,  Semilion, 
and  others. 

Schram,  Jacob,  St.  Helena,  Cal. 

Wines  from  his  mountain  vineyards: 
Hock,  Riesling,  and  Burgundy. 

Sonoma  Wine  and  Brandy  Co.,  1  Front 
street,  New  York  City. 

Specimens  from  cellars  of  Geo.  West* 
Stockton,  Cal. 


H.  Ex.  410 - 22 


338 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  73  bis. 

Stone  Hill  Wine  Co.,  Hermann,  Mo. 

Catawba,  Riesling,  Rulander,  Concord, 
Norton,  etc. 

Tokalon  Vineyards,  H.  W.  Crabb, 
proprietor,  Oakland,  Cal. 

Claret,  Zinfandel,  Chambertin,  Bur¬ 
gundy,  Riesling,  etc. 

Vogt,  August,  Willow  Point,  Tex. 

Twelve  bottles  of  native  wine  of  Texas. 

University  of  California,  experi¬ 
mental  cellar,  Berkeley  County,  Cal. 

Wines  assorted,  vintage  of  1888. 

Wetmore,  Charles  A.,  Livermore,  Ala¬ 
meda  County,  Cal. 

A  selection  of  table  wines:  Medoc,  Sau- 
terne,  etc.,  from  the  Cresta  Blanca 
vineyard. 

Wineberger,  Mrs.  J.  C.,  St.  Helena,  Cal. 

Wines,  sherries,  and  brandies,  assorted. 

GROUP  8.— AGRICULTURE,  CULTIVATION  OF 
THE  VINE,  AND  FISH  CULTURE. 

Class  73  bis.—  Agronomy;  Agricult¬ 
ural  Statistics. 

Agricultural  College,  State  of  Cali¬ 
fornia. 

Books  and  reports. 

California  State  Board  of  Horti¬ 
culture. 

Volumes  of  reports. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  J.  R.  Dodge,  Statisti¬ 
cian. 

Series  of  maps  and  charts,  with  graphic 
illustrations  of  the  statistics  of  agri¬ 
culture  of  the  United  States. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  E.  H.  Merriam. 

Maps  showing  geographical  distribu¬ 
tion  of  mammals  and  birds  of  eco¬ 
nomic  importance. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  B.  T.  Galloway,  Di¬ 
vision  of  Vegetable  Pathology. 

Maps  and  drawings  illustrating  the 
fungus  diseases  of  plants,  their  dis¬ 
tribution  and  treatment. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  E.  B.  Fernow,  Chief 
of  Forestry  Division. 

Map  of  forest  area  of  North  America. 


Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  D.  E.  Salmon,  Bureau 
of  Animal  Industry. 

Charts  showing  the  production  of  ani¬ 
mal  food  and  prices  in  the  United 
States,  also  the  distribution  of  cattle 
and  hogs,  and  the  comparative  com¬ 
position  of  American  and  European 
beef. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  William  Saunders, 
horticulturist. 

Plan  of  garden  and  grounds  of  the 
Department  of  Agriculture. 

Kansas,  State  of. 

Report  of  the  Commissioner  of  Agri¬ 
culture;  official  pamphlets  descrip¬ 
tive  of  the  resources  of  the  State. 

(See  also  Class  82.) 

Class  73  ter.— Organization,  Methods, 

and  Appliances  of  Agricultural 

Instruction. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  Prof.  W.  O.  Atwater, 
Chief  of  Division  of  Experimental 
Stations. 

Charts,  plans,  and  photographs  illus¬ 
trating  report  on  agricultural  col¬ 
leges  and  experiment  stations. 

Riley,  C.  V.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Series  of  reports  by  himself  on  eco¬ 
nomic  entomology;  charts,  plates, 
and  wood  engravings. 

Taylor,  Dr.  Thomas,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Micrographic  illustrations  of  animal 
and  vegetable  fats. 

Ward,  Dr.  R.H.,  Troy,  N.Y. 

Text  book  entitled  “Plant  Organiza¬ 
tion,”  on  the  structure  and  mor¬ 
phology  of  plants. 

Class  74. — Specimens  of  Farm  Improve¬ 
ments  and  Agricultural  Works. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.C.,  D.E.  Salmon,  Chief  of 
Bureau  of  Animal  Industry. 

Model  of  creamery,  model  of  silo — 
Cooley  system;  Wickes  cold  storage 
refrigerator;  agricultural  products. 

Enterprise  Manufacturing  Co.,  Co¬ 
lumbiana,  Ohio. 

Feed  grinders  and  cutters. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  339 


Howe,  Leroy. 

Improved  mat  for  horse  stalls. 
Jackson,  A.  C. 

Florida  products. 

Live-Stock  Express  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill. 
Model  of  car  for  transporting  dressed 
beef.  ( See  also  Class  61.) 

Marvin  Drenching  Bit  Co.,  H.  Oate- 
man,  president,  97  Chambers  street, 
New  York  City. 

Patent  horse  drenching  bit,  with  de¬ 
tachable  reservoir  and  graduated 
medicine  glass. 

Reid,  A.  H.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Dairy  appliances:  Churn,  butter  work¬ 
ers,  butter  shipping  box,  butter 
printers. 

Richmond  Cedar  Works,  100  Reade 
street,  New  York. 

“  Electric”  barrel  churn. 

Wickes  Refrigerator  Co. 

System  of  cold  storage. 

Class  75. — Vine  Cultivation. 

California  State  Board  of  Viticult¬ 
ure. 

Volumes  of  reports. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  B.F.  Clayton,  agent. 

A  series  of  views,  photographic,  illus¬ 
trative  of  the  industry  of  the  vine. 
Riley,  C.  V.,  Washington,  D.C. 
Specimens  and  illustrations  of  phyllox¬ 
era  work. 

Class  76.— Useful  and  Injurious  In¬ 
sects. 

Apiculture:  Collective  exhibition  under 
the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of  Ag¬ 
riculture,  Washington,  D.C. 
Contributors: 

Armstrong,  E.S.,  Jerseyville,  Ill. 
Barnes,  W.  F.  &  John,  Manufactur¬ 
ing  Company,  Rockford,  Ill. 
Bittenbender,  J.  W. , Knoxville,  Iowa. 
Dadant,  Charles,  &  Son,  Hamilton, 
Ill. 

Demaree,  G.W. ,  Christiansburg,  Ky. 
Eaton,  Frank  A. ,  Bluffton,  Ohio. 
Falconer,  W.T. ,  Jamestown,  N.Y. 
Heddon,  James,  Dowagiac,  Mich. 
Hubbard,  J.  K.,  Fort  Wayne,  Ind. 
Knickerbocker,  George  H.,  Pine 
Plains,  N.Y. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  76. 
Agriculture,  etc.— Continued. 

Lewis,  G.  B.,  &  Co., Watertown, Wis. 
Muth,  C.  F.,  &  Son.  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 
Reese,  C.H.,  Winchester,  N.Y. 
Root,  A.  I.,  Medina,  Ohio. 

Tinker,  G.  L.,M.  D.,  New  Philadel¬ 
phia,  Ohio. 

Van  Deusen,  James  H.,  &  Sons, 
Sprout  Brook,  N.  Y. 

Waveman  &  Crocker,  Lockport,N.  Y. 
Allen,  W.B.,  Orleans,  N.Y. 

Bare-rose  sprinkler  with  stop-valve. 
Belcher,  B.  &  J.  W.,  Chicopee  Falls, 
Mass. 

Etna  dusting  gun. 

Bureau  of  Entomology,  Department 
of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Rotary  blowers  of  poison,  brush  throw¬ 
ers,  powder  bellows,  guns,  etc. 
Sixty-four  samples  of  cocoons  pro¬ 
duced  in  the  United  States. 
California  Bellows  Manufacturing 
Co.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Insect-powder  blowers. 

Collective  Exhibit  of  nozzles  for  spray¬ 
ing  insecticides.  Prepared  under 
the  direction  of  the  Secretary  of 
Agriculture,  Washington. 
Contributors: 

Foos,  L.  B.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Metcalf,  T.O.,  &  Co.,  Boston. 
Rumsey  &  Co.,  Seneca  Falls,  N.Y. 
Vose,  W.T.,  Newton,  Mass. 

Fox,  S.  H.,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Fowler,  J.  H.,  Oakland,  Cal. 

Shier,  John,  Ellinger,  Tex. 

Melcher,  J.  C.,  Black  Jack  Springs, 
Tex. 

Ruhmann,  J.  P.,  Schulenburg,  Tex. 
Helmecke,  F.  A.,  Round  Top,  Tex. 
Pinter,  F.  T. ,  Schulenburg,  Tex. 
Fifield,  C.W.,  Lowell,  Mass. 

Killam,  J.W.,  Lakewood,  N.  J. 
Campbell,  John,  Selma,  Ala. 

Nixon,  A.  H.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

Lewis,  P.  C.,  Catskill,  N.  Y. 
Woodin&  Little,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
National  Manufacturing  Co.,  Bos¬ 
ton,  Mass. 

Field  and  Force  Pump  Co.,  Lock- 
port,  N.  Y. 

Hotz,  N. 

Clark,  W.  M.,  Newark,  N.  J. 

Gray,  J.  W.,  Hartford,  Conn. 


340 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Class  76. 

Collective  exhibit —Continued. 

Crofton,  John,  Walnut  Grove,  Cal. 
Greene,  L.  D.,  Walnut  Grove,  Cal. 
Woodin&  Little,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Riley,  Dr.  C.  V.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Dad  ant,  Charles,  &  Son,  Hamilton,  Ill. 

Dadant’s  uncapping  can  with  comb- 
rack  and  cloth  honey  strainer  and 
wire  bottom  waste-pan  and  honey 
reservoir  with  honey  gate. 

Deakin,  Robt.  J.,  &  Co.,  Philadelphia, 
Pa. 

Syringes  for  application  of  insecticides. 

Douglas,  W.  &  B.,  Middletown,  Conn. 

Double  acting  liydronette. 

General  Exhibit  of  economic  entomol¬ 
ogy  under  the  direction  of  the  Sec¬ 
retary  of  Agriculture,  Washington, 
Dr.  C.  V.  Riley,  entomologist,  De¬ 
partment  of  Agriculture. 

Hammond,  B.  T.,  Fishkill,  N.  Y. 

Insect-powder  dusters  and  blowers. 

Kemp,  W.  C.  R.,  Orleans,  Ill. 

Apparatus  for  smoking  bees. 

Lewis,  P.  C.,  Catskill,  N.  Y. 

Bran  spray  syringe  with  rubber  piston- 
head  for  application  of  insecticides. 

Muth,  C.  F.,  &  Son,  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Apparatus  for  the  extraction  of  wax. 

Newcomb,  E.  R.,  Pleasant  Valley,  N.  Y. 

Bee-keeping  appliances. 

Riley,  Dr.  C.  V.,  entomologist,  Depart¬ 
ment  cf  Agriculture,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

1.  Insects  injurious  and  beneficial  to 
cultivated  plants  including  forest 
trees. 

2.  Insecticides. 

3.  The  Riley  nozzle  in  various  forms 
and  modifications,  showing  develop¬ 
ment. 

Rumsey  &  Co. ,  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y. 

Double  acting  hydronette. 

Schier,  John,  Ellinger,  Tex. 

Insecticide  spray  pump  with  return 
drip  device. 

Sericiculture  :  Collective  exhibition  un¬ 
der  the  direction  of  C.  V.  Riley  and 
M.  Philip  Walker,  Department  of 
Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Silkworms,  cocoons,  and  apparatus. 

Townsend,  G.  W.,  Greenville,  N.  Y. 

Knapsack  poison  distributor  with  stop- 
valve  nozzle-pipe  and  agitator. 


Whitman,  J.  A.,  Providence,  R.I. 

Single  acting  spray  pump. 

Woodason,  T.  K.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Insect  powder  blowers  and  atomizers. 

GROUP  9.— HORTICULTURE. 

Class  78.— Conservatories  and  Hor¬ 
ticultural  Apparatus. 

Division  of  Entomology,  Department 
of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Collective  exhibit  of  pumps,  blowers,, 
etc. 

Contributors : 

Deakin  &  Co. ,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 
Douglas,  W.  &  B. , Middletown,  Conn. 
Evenden,  J.  G. ,  Chicago,  Ill. 
Heissinger,  Frank  H.,  196  Broad¬ 
way,  New  York. 

Johnson,  W.  J.,  Newton,  Mass. 
Lewis,  P.  C.,  Catskill,  N.  Y. 
National  Manufacturing  Co.,  Bos¬ 
ton,  Mass. 

New  England  Butt  Co. ,  Providence. 
R.  I. 

Nixon,  A.  H.,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

Prouty,  A.  B.,  Worcester,  Mass. 
Rumsey  &  Co. ,  Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y. 
Vose,  W.  T.,  Newtonville,  Mass. 
Heissinger,  Frank  H.,  196  Broadway, 
New  York. 

Designs  for  landscape  gardening,  con¬ 
servatories,  etc. 

Class  81.— Fruits  and  Fruit  Trees. 

Division  of  Pomology,  U.  S.  Depart¬ 
ment  of  Agriculture,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Photographs  of  orchard  and  fruit  farm 

scenes. 

Class  82.— Seeds  and  Saplings  of 
Forest  Species. 

Department  of  Agriculture,  Wash¬ 
ington,  D.  C.,  B.  E.  Fernow,  Chief 
of  Forestry  Division. 

Forest  areas  of  the  United  States. 
Sargent,  Charles  S.,  director  of  the 
Arnold  Arboretum,  Brookline,  Mass. 
Plan  of  the  Arnold  Arboretum,  Ja¬ 
maica  Plain,  Mass. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  341 


SOCIAL  ECONOMY  SECTION. 

(Esplanade  des  Invalides.) 

Century  Co.  (The),  New  York  City. 

Publications. 

Department  of  Labor,  Washington, 
D.  C.,  Carroll  D.  Wright,  Commis¬ 
sioner. 

Reports  and  publications  of  the  Na¬ 
tional  and  State  Bureaus  of  Labor. 

Gilman,  Rey.  N.  C. 

Volume  entitled  “  Profit  Sharing.” 

Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.,  Cambridge, 
Mass. 

Publications. 

Knights  of  Labor  of  the  United 
States. 

Reports,  proceedings,  banners,  etc. 

Mutual  Reserve  Fund  Life  Associa¬ 
tion,  E.  B.  Harper,  president,  Pot¬ 
ter  building.  New  York;  S.  D.  Tyng, 
general  director,  Paris. 

Charts,  circulars  and  photographs. 

(Also  in  Class  9.) 

Nelson,  N.  O.,  Manufacturing  Co., 
St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Documents  on  profit-sharing. 

Peacedale  Manufacturing  Co.  ,  Peace- 
dale,  R.  I. 

Charts  and  documents  relating  to 
profit-sharing. 

Publication  Agency  of  Johns  Hopkins 
University,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Economic  publications. 

Rand,  McNally  &  Co.,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Railway  publications,  statistics,  maps, 
etc. 

United  States  Bureau  of  Statistics 
and  Labor,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Official  reports  of  that  bureau. 

Universal  Peace  Union,  Philadelphia, 
Pa.,  Alfred  Love,  manager. 

Pamphlets,  illustrations,  etc. 

Yale  &  Towne  Manufacturing  Co., 
Stamford,  Conn. 

Post-office  system. 

Wright,  Carroll D., Washington,  D.  C. 

Collective  exhibit,  National  and  State 
Reports  on  Labor. 

Section  3. 

Department  of  Labor: 

Massachusetts,  Boston. 

New  York,  Albany. 

Connecticut,  Hartford. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Social  economy  section. 

Department  of  Labor — Continued. 
Illinois,  Springfield. 

Rhode  Island,  Providence. 

Ohio,  Columbus. 

Iowa,  Des  Moines. 

Kansas,  Topeka. 

Michigan,  Lansing. 

Labor  statistics  and  reports. 

Section  4. 

Bureau  of  Education,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Reports  on  technical  education. 

Cornell  Univesity,  Ithaca,  N.  Y. 

Reports  and  statistics  on  technical  ed¬ 
ucation. 

Section  11. 

Seligman,  Edward  R.,  Columbia  Col¬ 
lege,  New  York  City. 

Plans  for  workmen’s  dwellings. 

Tenement  House  Building  Co.,  New 
York  City. 

Plans  for  workmen’s  dwellings. 

Improved  Dwellings  Co.,  Brooklyn, 
N.Y. 

Plans  for  workmen’s  dwellings. 

Section  12. 

Young  Men’s  Christian  Association. 

Photographs  and  plans,  workmen’s 
clubs. 

Section  13. 

Training  School  for  Nurses,  Bellevue 
Hospital,  New  York. 

Methods. 

World’s  Women’s  Christian  Temper¬ 
ance  Union. 

Temperance  restaurant  in  operation. 

Section  16. 

Carroll  D.  Wright, Washington,  D.  C. 

Collective  Exhibit  of  the  States  of 
California,  Florida,  Illinois,  Maine, 
Michigan,  Missouri,  New  Hamp¬ 
shire,  New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and 
cities  of  Buffalo,  Cleveland,  New 
York,  Philadelphia,  Pittsburgh,  San 
Francisco,  St.  Paul,  Springfield, 
Syracuse,  and  Washington. 

David  Wells,  New  York. 

Arthur  Hadley,  Yale  College,  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

Reports  on  railway  transportation. 


342  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


The  number  of  exhibitors  in  the  United  States  Section  of  the  Universal  Exposition 

of  1889  at  Paris. 


Group  and  class. 

No. 

Group  and  class. 

No. 

Group  I: 

Group  V : 

189 

Class  41 . 

/112 

31 

Class  42 . 

26 

11 

Class  43 . 

7 

1 

Class  44 . 

0  43 

21 

Class  45 . 

32 

Group  II: 

Class  46 . 

5 

a,  145 

Class  47 . 

9 

Class  7 . 

b  33 

Group  VI: 

c  91 

Class  48 . 

6 

d  30 

Class  49 . 

32 

e  140 

Class  50 . 

9 

20 

Class  51 . 

5 

13 

Class  52 . 

33 

26 

Class  53 . 

22 

3 

Class  54 . 

4 

12 

Class  55 . 

3 

niacc  1  K 

13 

Class  56 . 

17 

nioco  i  a 

18 

Class  57 . . 

9 

Group  III: 

Class  58 . 

15 

pG  q  oc  1 7 

9 

Class  59 . . 

15 

/~ll  non  "f  Q 

5 

Class  60 . 

7 

pi  q  no  1  Q 

14 

Class  61 . 

19 

P lnoo  QA 

3 

2 

Class  62 . 

29 

pl  n cc  99 

Class  63 . 

25 

Place  9Q 

3 

Class  64 . 

2 

rriaoc  9_L 

g 

Class  65 . 

10 

Class  25 . 

1 

Group  VII: 

Class  26 . 

8 

Class  67 . 

h  14 

Class  68 . 

1 

Class  2' . ‘ . 

12 

Class  69 .  . 

18 

Class  28 . 

11 

Class  70 . 

15 

Class  29 . 

16 

Place  71 

Group  IV : 

Class  72 . 

01 

17 

mass  so  . 

5 

Class  73 

57 

Class  31 . 

4 

Group  VIII: 

<nin.SK  S2  . 

4 

Class  73  bis  . . . 

9 

o 

Class  73  ter . 

3 

L'ldoo  . . . . 

Class  34 . 

6 

l 

Class  74 . 

8 

Class  75 . 

3 

Class  35 . 

10 

Class  76 . 

i  21 

Class  36 . 

li 

Group  IX: 

Class  37 . 

10 

Class  78 . 

3  2 

Class  38 . . 

6 

Place  ftl 

1 

Class  39 . 

4 

Class  82 

1 

2 

Class  40 . 

3 

Social  Economy  Section . 

fc31 

a  Including  6  collective  exhibits;  1  with  26  collaborators,  1  with  67,  1  with  61,  1  with  32,  1  with  15, 
and  1  with  32. 

b  Including  1  collective  exhibit,  with  129  collaborators. 

c  Including  3  collective  exhibits;  1  with  198  collaborators,  1  with  23,  and  1  with  6. 
d  Including  3  collective  exhibits;  1  with  7  collaborators,  1  with  29,  and  1  with  17. 
e  Including  1  collective  exhibit,  with  178  collaborators. 

/  Including  1  collective  exhibit,  with  88  collaborators. 
g  Including  2  collective  exhibits;  1  with  20  collaborators,  and  1  with  18. 
h  Including  1  collective  exhibit,  with  22  collaborators. 
i  Including  2  collective  exhibits;  1  with  17  collaborators,  and  1  with  26. 
j  Including  1  collective  exhibit,  with  12  collaborators. 
k  Including  1  collective  exhibit,  with  19  collaborators. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  343 


The  number  of  exhibitors  in  the  United  States  Section  of  the  Universal  Exhibition 
of  1889  at  Paris—  Continued. 


Group  and  class. 

No. 

Group  and  class. 

No. 

RECAPITULATION. 

RECAPITULATION — Continued . 

Group  I . 

253 

Group  VII . 

15 

44 

Group  II  . 

544 

Group  VIII . 

Group  III . 

90 

Group  IX . 

5 

Group  IV . 

60 

Social  Economy  Section . 

31 

Group  V 

234 

Group  VT . . . 

262 

Total . 

1,676 

APPENDIX  L, 


ALPHABETICAL  CATALOGUE  OF  EXHIBITORS. 


Name. 

Class. 

Name. 

Class. 

2 

American  Bell  Telephone  Co 

62 

Abel,  Lindley . 

41 

American  Bible  Society’s  Library,  New 

Abrahams,  L.  C.,  Bros.  &  Co.  (steel 

York  City . 

6 

41 

American  Bit-Brace  Co . 

41 

Academic  Department  University  of 

American  Bookseller,  New  York . 

6,9 

7 

American  Braided-Wire  Co 

18,35 

Acme  Manufacturing  Co . 

42 

American  Congregational  Association, 

41 

Boston,  Mass . 

6 

3 

A.merican  Elevator  Co _ ... 

52 

41 

American  Graphophone  Co 

62 

Adams  &  Sons . 

72 

American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engi¬ 

73 

neers,  New  York  City  . 

8 

Adder  Company,  The . 

15 

American  Leather  Link  Belt  Company. . 

52 

Adelbert  College,  Cleveland,  Ohio . 

8 

American  Museum  of  Natural  History, 

Adirondack  Pulp  Co . 

10 

New  York  City . 

8 

Adirondack  Railroad  Company . 

9,41 

American  Numismatic  &  Archaeological 

Administration  blanks  and  forms  for 

Society,  New  York  City . 

8 

schools — Collective  Exhibit . 

6 

American  periodicals . 

9 

Agricultural  and  Mechanical  College  of 

American  Road-Machine  Co . 

63 

Taxa.s  .  . 

8 

American  School  at  Athens  . . 

8 

Agricultural  College,  Miss . 

8 

American  Screw  Co . 

53 

Agricultural  College,  State  of  California. 

73  bis. 

American  Tool  and  Machine  Co . 

53 

Agricultural  College  Catalogues . 

6,7,8 

American  Wine  Co . 

73 

Aikman  W.  M . 

5 

American  Writing-Machine  Co . 

59 

Alabama  Conference  Female  College, 

Amherst  College,  Amherst,  Mass . 

8 

Tuscagee,  Ala . 

8 

Amity  College,  College  Springs,  Iowa _ 

8 

Alabama  Polytechnic  Institute,  Auburn, 

Anaconda  Mining  Company . 

41 

Ala  . 

6,7,8 

Anderson,  A.  Archibald . 

1 

Albany  Medical  Journal,  N.  Y . 

8 

Androus,  Samuel  N . 

71 

Albion  College,  Albion,  Mich . 

8 

Antioch  College,  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio. . . 

8 

Alexander  Drug  and  Seed  Co . 

44 

Anthony,  T. ,  E.  H.  P. ,  &  Co . 

9 

Alice  Gold  and  Silver  Mining  Co . 

41 

Apiculture,  Department  of  Agriculture. . 

76 

Alleghany  College,  Meadville,  Pa  . . 

8 

Appleton,  D. ,  &  Co . . 

9 

Allen  Thomas . 

1 

Arlington  Mills.  Lawrence,  Mass  .  . 

30, 22 

Allen,  William  S . 

1 

Armiger,  R. ,  &  Son . .  . . 

50 

Allen  &  Ginter . . . 

44 

Armington  &  Sims . .  .... 

52 

Allen  W  B  . 

76 

Armistead,  L.  L . .  , 

44 

Allen,  S.L.,&  Co . 

49 

Armour  &  Co . . 

14 

Allen,  Frederick  S . 

65 

Armour  &  Co .  . . 

45 

Alman,  Louis . . 

12 

Armour  &  Co . . 

49 

American  Agriculturist  Co.,  New  York 

Armour  &  Co .  - . . 

69 

City  . 

9 

Armour  &  Co . 

70 

American  Antiquarian  Soc . . . 

8 

Armstrong  &  Knauer  . 

9 

American  Asylum  for  the  Education  of 

Associated  Artists  of  Cincinnati . 

11,20 

the  Deaf  and  Dumb,  Hartford,  Conn.. 

6 

Atlantic  Cotton  Mills  . . . . . 

30 

344 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  L.  345 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 

Class. 

Name. 

Class. 

Atlanta  University,  Atlanta,  Ga . 

8 

Bell  Publishing  Co . 

9 

Auganes,  Hans . 

29 

Bell,  W.  A . 

9 

Ausable  Horse  Nail  Co . 

41 

Bell,R.  W.,  Manufacturing  Co . 

45 

Automatic  Machine  Company  . 

59 

Bellevue  Training  School  for  Nurses, 

Avalon  College,  Avalon,  Mo .  ... 

7 

New  York  City . 

6,7,8 

Ayer,  H.  H . 

9 

Beneke  Bros . 

36 

Bacher,  Otto  H  . 

1 

Ben  Lomond  Wine  Co . 

73 

Bacon,  Mrs.  C.  A . , . . . 

72 

Benson,  Egbert . 

49 

i 

Benson,  Frank  W . 

1 

69 

Bentzen,  Charles  A . 

51 

Badia  &  Dubois . 

Benz,  Deitch  &  Betz  . 

47 

Bagnoli  Luidi . 

69 

Berea  College . 

8 

Bailey,  C.  J., &  Co . 

28 

Berger,  Adelbert . 

29 

Bailey,  Farrel  &  Co . . 

38 

Bergner  &  Engel  Brewing  Co  . 

73 

Bailey,  George  M . 

41 

BeringerBros . 

73 

Bailey,  R.  S . 

41,56 

Berkeley  School,  New  York 

6 

Bailey  Wringing-Machine . 

51 

Rernstrom,  Victor . ; . 

5 

1 

Bethamy  College.  . 

8 

Baird,  Carey  &  Co.,  Henri . 

9 

Bethel  College . 

8 

9 

Betz  Carl 

6 

Baker,  E.  J . 

9 

Rickford,C.  A  . 

9 

8 

Binford  James  R  .... 

44 

Baldwin,  A.  A. ,  N.  Y  . 

9 

Binghamton  Hydraulic  Power  Co . 

52 

Baldwin  &  Gleason  Co. ,  Limited . 

11 

Birney,  William  Verplanck . 

1 

Baltimore  Medical  College,  Baltimore, 

Bisbing,  Henry  S . 

1 

Md . 

8 

Bishop  Major  D  E 

61 

Baltimore  (Md.)  Public  Schools . 

6 

Bissell  Carpet-Sweeper  Co  . 

28 

Bancroft,  John,  &  Bloede . 

46 

Blairsville  Ladies’  Seminary,  Blairsville, 

Bangor  Library,  Bangor,  Maine . 

6 

Pa  . . 

8 

Bardeen,  C.  W . 

6,9 

Blake,  John  Henry . 

52 

Barker,  George,  Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y . 

12 

Blake,  Theodore  A . 

48 

Barnard,  Edward  H . 

1 

Blake,  William  P . 

41 

Barnes,  A.  S. ,  &  Co . 

9 

Blakstone.  Miss  Sadie 

1 

Barnet,  J.  S.,  &  Brother . 

45 

Blanchard  Brothers  &  Lane . . . 

45 

Barnum,  Richardson  &  Co . 

41 

Blanchard  Slate  Co . 

41 

Barrett,  F.  N . . . 

9 

Rlashfield,  Edwin  Howland  .... 

1,2 

Barrie,  George . 

9 

Bliss  E  W  &  Co 

53 

Bartlett,  P.  W . 

3 

Block,  Benoit . 

12 

Batcheller  &  Sons’  Co . 

49 

Blood  Brothers . 

49 

Bates  College,  Lewiston,  Maine . 

8 

Blum  Robert  F . 

1,2 

Battle  Creek  College,  Battle  Creek,  Mich. 

8 

Board  of  Education,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y . 

6 

Baumgarten,  J. ,  &  Son . 

9 

Board  of  Education,  Cincinnati,  Ohio . . . 

6 

Baxter,  Richard . 

46 

Board  of  Education  of  Wisconsin,  Madi¬ 

Bailey  Wringing-Machine  Co. . .  . 

50 

son,  Wis . . . 

6,7 

Bay  less  Business  College.  Dubuque . 

8 

Board  of  Education,  Grand  Rapids,  Mich . 

6,7 

Beadleston  &  Woerz  .  . 

73 

Board  of  Trade,  Chicago  . 

67 

Beal,  J.H . 

12 

Board  of  Trade,  Minneapolis . 

67 

Beardsly  Library,  West  Winsted,  Conn  . . 

6 

Boaz  Mining  Company . 

41 

Beatty,  Claudius  F . 

9 

Bobrick, G.  A.,&  Co . 

rt 

Beaux,  Miss . 

1 

Boggs,  Frank  M . 

1 

Beck,  Adolphe . 

73 

Bohman,  H . 

13 

Beckwith,  J.  Carroll . 

1 

Bolen  &  Byrne . 

73 

Belcher,  B.  &  J.  W . . . 

76 

Booth,  Mary  A . 

15 

Belden,  A.  L . . . 

9 

1  Bondford,  James  R  . 

Bell,  Edw'ard  A . . . 

1 

1  Borie  Mailing  Machine  Co . 

58 

346  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 

Class. 

Name. 

‘Class. 

45 

Buffalo  Stained  Glass  Works . 

19 

Boston  College,  Boston,  Mass . 

8 

Bunker  Hill  Mining  and  Concentrating 

9 

Co . 

41 

9 

Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  Mining  Co . 

41 

Boston  (Mass.)  Public  Schools . 

6,7 

Bureau  of  Education,  Dept,  of  the  In¬ 

Boston  Rubber-Shoe  Co . 

39,45 

terior,  Washington,  D.  C .  . 

*8,7,6 

Boston  University,  Boston,  Mass . 

8 

Bureau  of  Engraving  and  Printing,  Wash¬ 

8 

ington  . 

9 

Bowen,  D . 

41 

Bureau  of  Entomology,  Dept,  of  Agri¬ 

9 

culture . 

76 

Boyce,  S.  S . 

44 

Bureau  of  Ethnology . , . 

8 

44 

Burdett,  F.  T . 

9 

1 

Burgess,  Miss  M . 

9 

61 

Burk  Bros . 

47 

Boynton  Public  Library,  Templeton, 

Burroughs,  Wellcome  &  Co . 

46 

8 

Burnham,  Dr.  E.  S . 

45 

Bradley  &  Co . 

49 

Burr,  W.  H . 

9 

9  1 

Business  College  Catalogues  . . 

6,7,8 

41 

Butchers’  Publishing  Co.  (The) . 

9 

1 

i  Butler,  George  B . 

1 

1 

Butler,  Howard  Russell . 

1 

9 

Butler  University,  Irvington,  Ind . 

8 

41 

Butler,  A.  P . 

67 

Bricher,  Alfred  T . 

1 

Butterworth,  Ben. ,  M.  C’ . 

9 

Brickell,  William  D . 

9 

Cactus  Mining  Co . 

41 

Bridgman,  Frederick  Arthur . 

1 

Cahil,M.  S.,&  Co . 

45 

Bristol,  John  Bunyan . 

1 

California  Bellows  Manuf.  Co . 

76 

Bristol  Copper  and  Silver  Mining  Co ... . 

41 

California  Redwood  Lumber  Associa¬ 

Brookhaven  Rubber-Shoe  Co . 

44 

tion  . 

42 

Brooklyn  Library . 

9 

I  California  Dried-Fruit  Association . 

71 

Brooks,  Maria . 

1 

California  State  Viticultural  Commission 

Brooks,  Caroline  S . 

11 

“Experimental  Cellar” . 

73 

Brooks,  Henry . 

42 

California  State  Board  of  Horticulture. . 

73  bis 

Brooks  Free  Library,  Harwich,  Mass .... 

9 

California  State  Board  of  Viticulture. . . 

73,74 

Brougham,  Geo . 

70 

Cambridge  (Mass.)  Public  Schools . 

6 

Brown,  Arthur . 

71 

Camden  County  Bar  Association,  Cam¬ 

Brown,  Charles  Francis . 

1 

den,  N.  J . 

8 

Brown,  B.  F.,  &  Co . 

45 

Campbell  Sewing-Machine  Co . 

56 

Brown,  C.  H.,  &  Co  . 

52 

Campbell  Printing-Press  Manufacturing 

Brown,  E.  Parmley . 

14 

Co . 

58 

Brown,  Geo.  P . 

9 

Canisius  College,  Buffalo,  N.  Y . 

8 

Rrown,  ,T.  G . 

1 

Capitol  Manufacturing  Co . 

41 

Brown,  L.  L. ,  Paper  Co . 

9 

Carleton  College,  Northfield,  Minn  . 

8 

Brown's,  Walter,  Son  &  Co . 

44 

Carlisle  Gold  Mining  Co . 

41 

Brown  &  Sharpe  Manufacturing  Co .... 

53 

Carlsen,  John . 

37 

Brown  University,  Providence,  R  I 

g 

Carothers,  R.  H . 

9 

Bruce,  Wm . 

44 

Cla.rr,  T.yell . 

1 

Brun,  A.,&  Co . 

73 

Carter,  Dinsmore  &  Co . 

10 

Brunner,  J.  H . 

9 

Carthage  College,  Carthage,  Ill 

8 

Brunswick,  Balke,  Collender  Co . 

17 

Case,  Lockwood  &  Brainard  Co . 

9 

Bryant,  Stratton.  &  Smith . 

6,7,8 

Casey  Machine  Supply  Co . 

57,58 

Buchtel  College,  Akron,  Ohio  . 

8 

Cass  School  of  Applied  Science,  Cleve¬ 

Buffalo  Historical  Society . . 

8 

land,  Ohio . 

8 

Buffalo  International  Fair  Association . . 

63 

Cassard,  G.,&  Son . 

69,70 

Buffalo  Public  Library . 

8 

Castle  Braid  Co . 

34 

*  And  Social  Economy  Section. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  347 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 

Class. 

Name. 

Class. 

Castle,  William  H . 

29,41 

Clark,  Washington  A . 

Cathedral  School  of  St.  Paul . 

6 

Clark  &  Wise  Co . 

45 

7 

Clarke,  A.  F . 

44 

Cauldwell,  Leslie  Gififen . 

1 

Claverack  College,  Claverack,  N.  Y . 

8 

10 

Clegg,  Charles  A . 

59 

62 

Cleveland,  A.  B.,&  Co . 

71 

Central  Collegiate  Institute,  Altus,  Ark . . 

8 

Cleveland  (Ohio)  Public  Schools . 

Central  University  of  Iowa,  Pella,  Iowa. . 

8 

Cleveland  Tin  Mining  Co . 

41 

Central  Wesleyan  College,  Warrenton, 

Clionian  Literary  Society  Library . 

9 

Mo .  . 

8 

Closson,  W.  B . 

5 

Century  Co.  (The) . 

*  9 

Clough  &  Maconnel . 

59 

8 

Cobb  Vulcanite  Wire  Co . 

62 

Chadborn &  Coldwell  Manufacturing  Co. 

49 

Coffin,  William  Anderson . 

1 

8 

Cohen  &  Co . . . 

9 

16 

Colby  University . 

8 

6 

Cold  Water  Public  Schools . 

6,7 

12 

Cole,  J.  Foxcroft . 

1 

35 

Cole,  T . 

5 

1 

Cole,  George  W . 

9 

57  1 

Coleman,  A . 

45 

60 

Colgate  &  Co . 

28 

Charlotte  Female  Institute,  Charlotte, 

Collamore,  Davis  &  Company,  Limited . . 

19 

N.  C . 

7 

Collective  Exhibit  of  ores . 

41 

Charleston  CW.  Va.)  Free  Sohools 

6 

Collective  Exhibit  of  tobacco . 

44 

Charleston  Library  Society,  Charleston, 

Collective  Exhibit  of  hay  and  grasses  . . . 

44 

S.  C . 

6 

Collective  Exhibit  of  cereals . 

67 

Chase,  William  M . 

1 

College  and  University  Catalogues . 

8 

Chattanooga  University,  Chattanooga, 

College  of  Emporia . 

8 

Tenn . 

8 

College  of  the  City  of  New  York . 

8 

Chautauqua  Association  . .  . 

6,7  ! 

College  of  New  Jersey . 

8 

Chauch6,A.  G . 

73 

College  of  Physicians,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

8 

Cheney  Bros . 

33 

College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons, 

Chesebrough  Manufacturing  Co . . . 

45 

Baltimore,  Md . 

8 

Chicago  Historical  Society . 

8 

Collegiate  and  Polytechnic  Institute, 

Chicago  (Illinois,)  Public  Schools  . 

6 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y .  . 

8 

Chicago  Law  Institute  Library. . . 

8 

Collins’s,  S.,  Son,  &  Company . 

45 

Chicago  Medical  School  . . 

8 

Colne,  Charles . 

62 

Chicago  Public  Library . 

6 

Colorado  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and 

Chicago  Rawhide  Manufacturing  Co  ... . 

52 

Blind . . . 

6 

Chicago  Theological  Seminary . 

8 

Colt’s  Patent  Fire-Arms  Manufacturing 

Chief  Commissioner  of  Highways,  Phila¬ 

Co . 

38,52 

delphia,  Pa .  . 

9 

Columbia  Athenaeum,  Columbia,  Tenn . . 

7 

Chollet,  Eugene . 

g 

Columbia  College . 

9 

Chowan  Baptist  Female  Seminary,  Mur¬ 

Columbia  Female  College,  Columbia,  S.C. 

8 

freesboro,  N.  C . 

7 

Columbia  Type-Writer  Manufacturing 

Christian  Brothers’  College,  Memphis, 

Co . 

59 

Tenn . 

7 

Columbian  University,  Washington,  D.C. 

8 

Christiansen  Institute,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. . 

6 

Columbus  (Ohio)  Public  Schools . 

6 

Christian  University,  Canton,  Mo . 

8 

Colvin,  Verplanck . . . 

16 

City  and  Town  School  Reports,  Collect¬ 

Comet  Mining  Co . 

41 

ive  Exhibit . 

6 

Comfort  Consolidated  Mining  Co 

41 

Claflin  University,  Orangeburgh,  S.  C _ 

8 

Commercial  Cable  Co . 

62, 65 

Clagett,F . 

71 

Commissioners  of  Schools  of  Missouri  . . 

6 

Clark,  John  F .  .. 

9 

Congress  Mining  Company . 

41 

Clark,  D.R . 

12 

Connolly  Brothers,  J.  A. ,  A.  A. ,  &  Jos.  B . 

62 

*  And  Social  Economy  Section. 


348 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS, 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 

Class. 

Name. 

Class. 

Conroy,  C.C.,&  Comfort,  S  . 

41 

Davenport  College,  Lenoir,  N.  C . 

8 

Consolidated  Telegraph  and  Electrical 

Davidson,  H . 

5 

62 

Davidson,  H.  E  . 

43 

9 

Davis,  Charles  H . 

1 

Convent  of  the  Good  Shepherd,  New- 

Davis,  John  P . 

5 

6 

Davis,  H.  J . 

41 

72 

Davis  Sewing-Machine  Co . 

56 

72 

Dav,  Frederick  W 

41 

Cook,  G.  H.  . . . . . 

16 

Day  and  Home  School,  Mobile,  Ala . 

6 

Cook,  A  R  ,  &  Co  . 

24 

Dayton  Public  Library 

6 

12 

Deadhorse  nia.im  . 

41 

Co-operative  Building- Plan  Association  . 

11 

Deakin,  Robt.  J.,  &  Co . 

76 

Cooper  Union,  New  York  City  . 

6,7,8 

De  Bernales  &  Co . 

23,27 

41,49 

De  Broen  Josephine 

*9 

Cope,  E.  D . . . 

8 

Delachaux,  Leon  D 

1 

Copeland,  Alfred  B . 

1 

Delaware  College  . 

8 

Copper  Basin  Mining  Company  - .... 

41 

Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal  Company. . 

41 

Corbin,  P.  and  F . 

41,63 

Delhi  Mine . 

41 

42 

Debar,  Ma,da,me  S . 

36 

8 

Demuth  WTlliam  &  Co 

29 

Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y . 

*8 

Denison,  S  P  Rr.  Man,  W.  (4  . 

62 

Cotton-Seed  Oil  Product  Co . 

44,45 

Denman,  H  . 

1 

Cowdrey,  E.,  &  Co . 

70 

r 16,31, 

32,33, 

Cowles  Electric  Smelting  and  Aluminum 

42,44, 

Co . 

41 

49,50, 
69, 71, 

Cox,  Kenyon . 

1,2 

Department  of  Agriculture  . 

72, 73, 

Coxe,  Eckley  B . 

48 

bis, 

73  ter, 

Cox,  G.  C . 

12 

74, 75, 

Coxe,  Reginald  Cleveland . 

2 

76,78, 

82 

Crabb,  H.W . 

73 

Department  of  Education  of  South 

Craft,  N.  W  . 

73 

Carolina . 

6 

Craig, W.  0 . 

73 

Departments  of  Labor,  Coll.  Exhibit _ 

(t) 

Crane.  The  Frederick,  Chemical  Co . 

45 

Departments  of  Public  Instruction: 

Creighton  College,  Omaha,  Neb . 

8 

Arkansas . 

6 

Crosby  Steam  Gauge  and  Valve  Co . 

52 

California . 

6,7 

Cumberland  University,  Lebanon,  Tenn. 

8 

Dakota . 

6 

Curtice  Bros . 

70 

1  Delaware . 

6 

Curtin,  Hugh  A . 

9 

Florida . 

6 

Curtis.  Ralph  . 

1 

Illinois  . 

6,7,8 

Curtis  &  Curtis  . 

53 

Iowa . 

6,7 

Cutler,  A.,  &  Son . . 

17 

Massachusetts . 

7 

Cyclone  Pulverizer  Co . 

48 

Michigan . 

6 

Dadant,  Charles,  &  Son . 

72,73,76 

Nebraska .  . 

6 

Dakota,  School  of  Mines . 

8 

New  Hampshire . 

6 

Daly  Mining  Co . 

41 

Nevada  . 

6 

Da.lzicl  Da.vison  . 

9 

Oregon  . 

6 

Dana,  Wm.  P.  W . 

1 

Rhode  Island . 

6 

Dann  Rrotbers  Rr.  Company . . . 

60 

Tennessee . 

6 

Dannat  William  T 

1 

Washington . 

6 

DarUnc,  Wilder  M . 

1 

Dewing,  Thos.  W . 

1 

Darling  Brown  &  Sharpe 

15 

De  Pauw  University . 

8 

Darling,  Linns  . 

9 

Derby  &  Kilmer  Desk  Co . . 

17 

Dartmouth  College 

8 

De  Turk,  J . 

73 

Dashiell  Benj  J  jr 

11,65 

1  Devoe, F.  W.,  &  Co . 

45 

Davenport  Academy  of  Natural  Science. 

8 

1  Dickerson  Suckasunny  Mining  Co . 

41 

*  And  Social  Economy  Section,  4.  t  Social  Economy  Section. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  349 


Name. 


Dion,  Charles . 

Division  of  Pomology,  U.  S.  Department 

of  Agriculture . 

Doane  College . 

Dodd,  Mead  &  Co . 

Dodge,  William  L . 

Dodge  Manufacturing  Company . 

Dodson,  Sarah  P.  B . 

Dolliver,  James  W . 

Dolph,  The  A.  M.,  Co . 

Dolph,  John  H . 

Donald,  G.  L . 

Donoho,  G.  Ruger . 

Dopp,  H.Wm.,&Son . 

Douglas  Library,  Canaan,  Conn . 

Douglas,  W.  &  B . 

Douglas  Sugar  Co . 

Douglass  &  Wilson . 

Doussan  French  Perfumery  Co . 

Dow,  Arthur  W . 

Dowst,  Lewis . . . 

Drake,  W  illiam  H . 

Drake  Company . 

Drum  Lummon  Mine . 

Drury  College,  Springfield,  Mo . 

Dummer  Academy,  South  Byfield,  Mass. . 

Dunlap,  R.,&  Co . 

Dutton,  H.  &  F . 

Dyer,  Charles  Gifford . 

Eagle  Condensed-Milk  Co . 

Eakins,  Thomas . . 

Earlham  College . 

East  Florida  Seminary . 

Eastman  Business  College . 

Eastman  Dry  Plate  &  Film  Co . 

Eaton,  C.  Harry . 

Eaton,  Wyatt  . 

Eaton,  J.  H . 

Eclectic  Medical  College . 

Edge  Hill  Wine  Co . 

Edison,  Thomas  A . 

Educational  Gazette  Co . 

Educational  Publishing  Co . 

Edward  L.  Pierce  Library . 

Edwards, B.,&  Co . 

Edwards,  Morton  A . . . 

Eighty-six  Mines . 

Electric  Power  Publishing  Co.,  New 

York  City . 

Electrical  Supply  Co . . 

Electrical  Collective  Exhibition  by 

U.  S.  Commission . 

Electrine  Company . 

Electron  Manufacturing  Co . 

Elgin  Condensed-Milk  Co . 


Class. 


13,62 


71,81 


1 

52 

1 

65 

51 

1 

9 

1 

27 
9 

49,52,76 

72 

58 

28 
1 


2 

37,41 

41 

8 


44 

1 

69 

1 

8 

7 

6,7,8 

12 

1 

1 

56 

8 
73 
62 

9 

6,9 

9 

9 

11 

41 

9 

62 


62 

58 

62 

69 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 


Class. 


Elizabeth  (N.  J.)  Public  Schools . 

Emerson  &  Midgley . 

Emory  College . 

Empire  Granite  Co . 

Engineers’  Club  of  Philadelphia . 

Engineering  School  Catalogue . 

Enoch  Pratt  Free  Library . 

Enterprise  Manufacturing  Co.  of  Penn¬ 
sylvania  . 

Enterprise  Manufacturing  Co.,  Ohio.  . . 

Episcopal  Theological  School . 

Erie  Preserving  Co . 

Estes  &  Lauriat . 

Estes,  E.  C. ,  &  Sons . 

Eureka  Fire  Hose . 

Eureka  College .  . 

Evanhoe,  Frank  N . 

Evansville  (Ind.)  Public  Schools . . 

Ewer  &  Atkinson . 

Ewing  College . 

Fairchild.  Leroy  W.,  &  Co . 

Fairchild  Brothers  &  Foster . 

Fairmount  State  Normal  School,  Fair- 

mount,  W.  Va . 

Farley,  William . 

Farny,  Henry  F . 

Farrer,  Henry.  . 

Farrington,  Cleopatra  K . 

Fawcett,  Alice  K . 

Fay  Library,  Southborough,  Mass . 

Fay,  J.  A.,  &  Co . 

Fairweather  &  Ladow . 

Fell,  George  E .  . 

Fernow,  E.  B . . . 

Ferriss,  F.A.,&  Co . 

Fible  et  Crabb . 

Findlay,  Samuel . 

Fishel,  Adler  &  Schwartz . 

Fisher,  Mark . 

Fisher,  Clark . 

Fiske  Free  Library,  Claremont,  N.  H  . . . 

Fiske,  Harrison  Grey . 

Fleming  Manufacturing  Co . 

Florida  Collective  Exhibit . 

Florida  State  Horticultural  Society  _ 

Florida  Wine  Co . 

Folding-Trunk  Co . 

Follmer,  Clogg  &  Co . 

Foote,  Mary  Hallock . 

Foote,  Albert  Edward . 

Forbes,  Chas.  F . 

Forbes  &  Paige . 

Ford,  Edwin .  . 

Fort  Worth  Daily  Gazette  Co . 

Fort  Worth  (Texas)  Public  Schools . 


6 

52 

8 

63 

8 

8 

6 

41 
50,74 

7 

71 
9 

29 

55 

8 
18 

6 

73 

8 

10,24,37 

45 

7 
14 

1 

2 

14 

72 

8 
57 

42 
14 

42,49 

70 

73 
9 
9 
1 

61 

8 

9 

61,63 

44 

71 
73 
39 
35 

2 

6,16,41 

1 

9 

19 

8 

6 


350 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 

Class. 

Name. 

Class. 

Fowler,  Frank . 

1 

Georgetown  College,  Georgetown,  Ky. . . 

8 

9 

Georgetown  University 

8 

Fradley,  .T.  F.,&  Co . 

37 

|  German-English  College 

7 

70 

Gesner,  John  F  . 

68 

Frank,  F.  A.,  &  Co . 

27,41,51 

Gibson,  M.  Hamilton . 

2 

Frank’s  heirs,  Dr.  M . 

9 

Gifford,  Robert  Swain  . 

1 

36 

Gill,  Miss  R,.  Lorraine  . 

1 

Franklin  College,  New  Athens,  Ohio _ 

8 

Gillis  Bros.  &  Turnure . 

9 

8 

Giles,  F.  S.,  &  Bros . 

26 

Franklin  Institute,  Philadelphia,  Pa . 

8 

Gilman,  N.  C . 

(*) 

Franklin  Typographical  Society,  Boston, 

Ginn  &  Co . 

7,9 

8 

Glen  Cove  Manufacturing  Co . 

67 

Free  Evening  Industrial  and  Drawing 

Glover  &  Chandler . 

49 

6,7,8 

Goddard  Seminary . 

7 

8 

Holding  fr.  Co  . 

58 

8 

Goodman  &  Dickerson 

9 

Free  Public  Library,  Burlington, Iowa. . . 

6 

Goodrich,  E.  E . 

69 

6 

Gorham  Manufacturing  Co  . . 

24,29 

Free  Public  Library,  Uxbridge,  Mass  . . . 

6 

Gould’s  Manufacturing  Co . 

49,52 

1 

Gould  &  Woolley 

9 

Freidenker  Publishing  Co . 

9 

Grand  Traverse  College,  Benzonia,  Mich. 

8 

Fremery,  Felix . .  . . 

44  | 

Grant  Memorial  University,  Athens, 

3 

Tenn . 

8 

Freneh,  Frank . 

5 

Hra.ves  Abbott  . 

1 

French,  George . 

9 

:  Gray,  Elisha . 

62 

Freneh  School,  House  of  'Refuse . 

1 

6 

1  Greatorex,  Miss  Eleanor  Elizabeth . 

1 

Frers,  C.  A . 

14 

Greatorex,  Miss  Eliza . 

2 

Friedenwald  Brothers . 

55 

|  Greatorex,  Miss  Kathleen  H . 

2 

Friedlander,  A.,  &  Co . 

36 

Greenbaum,  Alfred . 

73 

Friend’s  Free  Library,  Germantown  .... 

6 

Green  Mountain  Stock  Farm . 

69 

Frindley,  Samuel,  Akron,  Ohio . 

6 

I  Greenough,  Walter  C . 

19 

Fromont,  Henri . 

19 

Greensborough  Female  College,  Greens- 

Fuller,  Geo . 

1 

borough,  N.  C . 

7 

Furman  University,  Greenville,  S.  C 

g 

1  Gregg  Wm.  L . 

57 

Gafifey’s  School  for  Shorthand . 

g 

Gretzinger,  William  C  . . . . 

19 

Gall i son  &.  Hobron  Co.  ("Thel . 

9 

1  Griffin  Canning  Co . 

71 

Galveston  Public  Schools . 

6 

Griswold  College,  Davenport,  Iowa . 

7 

Gardner,  Miss  Elizabeth  Jane . 

1 

Gross,  Peter  Alfred . 

1 

Gardiner  Auxiliary  Fire-Alarm  Company 

62 

Grossman,  H . 

73 

Garner  &  Co . 

30,45 

Grove  City  College,  Mercer  Co. ,  Pa . 

7 

Garrett,  Martha  A . 

9 

Guerin  F.W . 

12 

Gast  Wine  Co. . . . 

73 

Guise  Marie . 

1 

Gaul,  Gilbert . 

1 

Gundlach,  J.,&  Co . 

73 

Gay,  Edward . . . . 

1 

Gutherz,  Carl . . 

1 

Gay,  Walter,  . . 

1 

Haas  Maurits  F.  H.  de . 

1 

Gaylord,  E.  E . 

57 

Hadley,  Arthur . 

(*) 

Gebbie  &  Co  . 

'  9 

Hagen,  Henry . 

73 

Gebbie  &  Hasson  Co . 

9 

Hall  James  H  . 

16 

Gendron  Iron- Wheel  Co . 

40 

Hall  Type-Writer . 

59 

General  Society  Mechanics  and  Trades¬ 

Hall,  W.  E . 

41 

men  of  the  City  of  New  York 

6 

Halsey  James  D  . . . 

61 

General  Theological  Library,  Boston, 

Hamilton,  E.W.D . 

1 

Mass . . . 

g 

Hamilton,  Hamilton . . 

1 

Geneva  College,  Beaver  Falls,  Pa. ... _ 

g 

Hamilton  College . .  . . . . . 

8 

Geological  Survey  of  Wisconsin . 

16 

Hamlin,  Dr.  A.  C . 

37-41 

*  Social  Economy  Section. 


REPORT  OE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  351 

Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 


Hammond,  B.  T . 

Hammond  Type-Writer  Company . 

Hampden  Sidney  College . 

Hampton  Public  Library . 

Hanover  College . 

Hanson,  Van  Winkle  &  Co . 

Haraszthy,  Arpad  &  Co . 

Harlem  Library . 

Harney  Peak  Tin  Mining  Co . 

Harrell,  Eugene  G . 

Harris,  E.  P . . 

Harris,  J.  B . 

Harris,  Joseph . 

Harris,  Joseph,  Seed  Co . 

Harris,  Nathaniel  R . 

Harrison,  Alexander . 

Harrison,  Birge . 

Harrison,  Butler . 

Hart,  A.  H.,&  Co . 

Hart,  Jas.  M . 

Hartford  Woven  Wire  Mattress  Co . 

Hartman  Manufacturing  Company . 

Hartrick,  Ed . 

Hartshorn,  Stewart . 

Hartsville  College . 

Harvard  Daily  Crimson . 

Harvard  Medical  School . 

Harwood  Manufacturing  Co . 

Haskell,  Ida  C . 

Haskin,  Samuel  E . 

Hassam,  Childe . 

Hatch,  Dan . . . 

Haverford  College,  Montgomery  Co.,  Pa. 

Hawkes,  T.  G . 

Hawkins,  W.  B . 

Hayden,  Charles  Henry . 

Hayes,  George . 

Hays,  J.  Minis . . 

Healy,  G.  P.  A . 

Healy  &  Millet . 

Healey  &  Company . 

Heath,  D.  C.,&  Co . 

Heath, H.  C., &  Brother . 

Hedding  College . 

Heidelberg  College . . . 

Heine,  August . 

Heinrich,  H.H . 

Heinz,  H.  J.,  Co . 

Heisler  Electric-Light  Co . 

Heissinger,  Frank . 

Heidt,  Louis . 

Held,  Charles . 

Helvetia  Condensed-Milk  Co . 

Hennessy,  William  J. . . . . 

Henry,  C.  Edward . 


Class. 

Name. 

Class. 

76 

Henry,  Edward  L . 

1 

59 

Herring  &  Co . 

63 

8 

Heywood  Bros.  &  Co . 

17 

6 

Hickok,  Dervey  K . 

29 

8 

Higbee,  E.  E . 

9 

62 

Higganum  Manufacturing  Corporation . 

49 

73 

Highland  University . 

8 

8 

Higley  Sawing  and  Drilling  Machine  Co. 

53 

41 

Hilgard,  Prof.  W.  E . 

73 

9 

Hinckley,  Robert . 

1 

9 

Hinson,  W.  Q . 

44 

9 

Historical  Society  of  Delaware . 

8 

29 

Historical  Society  of  Montana . 

8 

71 

Hitchcock,  George . 

1 

11 

Hiwassee  College 

8 

1 

Hodges,  N.  D.  C . 

9 

1 

Hoffman,  Lena  M . 

14 

1 

Hoffmier,  A.  K . 

61 

31 

Hoggson  &  Pettis  Manufacturing  Co _ 

53, 59 

1  j 

Holbrook,  J..  &  Sons . 

73 

17 

Hollerith,  Herman . 

15 

41 

Holmes,  Eben . 

65 

28 

Home  for  Feeble-Minded  Children,  Cali¬ 

41 

fornia  . 

6 

8 

Homeopathic  Medical  College . 

8 

9 

Homer,  Winslow . 

2 

8 

Homestake  Mining  Co .  . 

41 

6,7 

Hooper,  Geo.  F . 

69,71,73 

2 

Hopedale  Public  Library . 

8 

42 

Horne,  A.  R . 

9 

1 

Horsey  Manufacturing  Co . 

29 

41 

Horton,  E. ,  &  Son  Company . 

52, 53 

8 

Horton,  Angell  &  Co . 

37 

19 

Hough,  Romeyn  B . 

42 

44 

Hough  &  Ford . 

36 

1 

Houghton,  H.,&  Co . 

29 

63 

Houghton,  W.  V. ,  &  Co . 

28 

9 

Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co . 

*  9 

1 

House  Painting  and  Decoration  Co . 

9 

19 

Hovenden,  Thomas . 

1 

60 

Howard,  A.  H . 

40 

7,9 

Howard  Female  College,  Gallatin,  Tenn. 

7 

9 

Howard  Lockwood  &  Co . 

9 

8 

Howard  Strop  Co . 

29 

8 

Howard  University . 

8 

49 

Howe,  Leroy . 

74 

26 

Howe,  William  H . . . 

1 

72 

Howres,  Simeon . 

49 

62 

Howland,  Alfred  C . 

1 

78 

Huckins,  J.  H.  W. ,  &  Co . 

70 

19 

Humbert,  Henry,  &  Co . 

70 

3 

Humboldt  Lumber  Manufacturers1  As¬ 

69 

sociation . 

49 

1 

Hume  &  Co . 

73 

19 

Huntington, Daniel. . . 

1 

*  And  Social  Economy  Section. 


352 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS, 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 


Huntsville  Female  College,  Huntsville, 

Ala . 

Hurlburt  Brothers . 

Hurtubise,  Alexander . 

Husman,  Prof.  George . 

Hutchins,  Stilson . 

Hyatt  School-Slate  Co . 

Hyde,  W.  H . 

Hydrographic  Office . 

Idaho  Quartz  Mining  Co . 

Improved  Dwellings  Co . 

Imperial  Mine . 

Indian  Industrial  School . 

Indiana  State  Medical  Society . 

Indiana  University . 

Indianapolis  (Ind.)  Public  Schools . 

Ingersoll,  Prof.  C.  L . 

Ingersoll  Rock  Drill  Company . 

Inland  Printer  Co . 

Inloes,  William  H . 

Inness,  Geo. ,  jr . 

Inness,  George . 

Inspector  of  Finance  of  Vermont . 

Institute  for  Training  Colored  Ministers. 
Institute  of  Our  Lady  of  the  Sacred  Heart 
Insurance  Department  of  Connecticut. . . 
Insurance  Department  of  New  Jersey. . . 
Insurance  Department,  Lansing,  Mich . . . 
Insurance  Commissioners  of  Kansas 
Insurance  Department  of  Wisconsin  . . . 
Insurance  Department  of  Pennsylvania. 

Interior  Department,  U.  S . 

International  Button-Hole  Sewing-Ma¬ 
chine  Co . 

International  Fastener  Co . 

International  Gas  and  Fuel  Co . 

International  Specialty  Co . 

International  Wool  Improving  Company. 

Iowa  Business  College . 

Iowa  College . 

Iowa  Wesleyan  University . 

Irelan,  Wm.  J . 

Iron  Car  Co . 

Irwin,  Benoni . 

Isham,  Samuel . 

Ishpeming  City  Library,  Ishpeming, 

Mich . 

Ivison,  Blakeman  &  Co . 


Jackson,  Arthur  C. 


Jackson, I  . 

Jackson  villeFemale  Academy,  Jackson¬ 
ville,  Fla . 

Jeffords,  J.E.&  Co . 


Class. 


8 

42 

49 

73 

58 

6 

1 

16 

41 

(*) 

41 

6,7,8 

8 

8 


48 

9 

61 

2 

1 

9 

7 
6 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 
9 

56 

35 

63 

41 

54,55 

8 
8 
9 

61 

1 

1 

9 
6,9 
(28,42- 
\  43,44- 
[  67,74 
53 


62 


Name. 

Jewett,  The  John  C.,  Manufacturing  Co. 

Jones,  H.  Bolton . 

Jones,  J.  T . 

Johns  Hopkins  University  Publication 

Agency . 

Johnson,  Alfred . 

Johnson,  B.  F.,  &  Co . 

Johnson,  Charles  J.,  &  Co . 

Johnson,  Eastman . 

Johnson,  T . 

Johnston  Harvester  Co . 

Johnston,  Henry  M . 

Johnston,  Samuel,  &  Co . 

Johnston,  W.  I . 

Johnston,  W.  J.,  Co.,  Limited . 

Johnston  (R.I.)  Public  Schools . 

Journals  of  Education,  Collective  Ex¬ 
hibit  . 

Justice  Bateman  &  Co . 

Kahenn,  A.,&  Co . 

Kansas  City  (Missouri)  Public  Schools. . 

Kansas,  State  of . 

Kansas  State  Agricultural  College . 

Kavanagh,  John . 

|  Keachie  College  . 

Kellog,  Miss  Alice  D . . . 

I  Kellogg  &  Macdougall . 

|  Kelly,  J.M . 

Kemp,  W.  C.  R . 

Kemper  Hall . 

Kenealy,  Alex.  C . 

Kennett,  T.  A . 

Kennon,  Gray  &  Co . 

Kensett,  James  W . 

Kent&  Stanley ; . 

Kentucky  River  Mills . 

Kentucky  University . 

Kessler,  J.  L . 

Kimball, C.P.,&  Co . . . 

Kimball,  D . 

Kimball,  Frank  A . 

|  Kimball,  William  S.,  &  Co . 

King,  Louise  Howland . 

King,  F.  S . 

King,  Miss  Juliet . 

Kingsley,  Elbridge . 

Kinney,  S.  H . ‘ . 

Kitson,  H.H . 

Klauber,  J.  C . 

Klauder  &  Brothers . 

Klumpke,  Miss  Anna  E . 

Klyn,  Charles  F.  de . 

Knapp,  J.  D.  C . 

Knight,  Daniel  Ridgway . 

Knights  of  Labor . 


41 

1 

44 

*8,9 

56 

9 

9 

1 

5 

49 

45 
49 

9 

9,62 


6 

44 

26 

6 

73  bis 
6,7,8 
1 
7 
1 
44 


7 
9 
9 

71 

63 

37 

31 

8 
9 

60 

6,7,8 

71 
44 

1 

5 

42 

5 

72 
3 

69 

58 

1,2 

1 

41 

1 


(*) 


*  Social  Economy  Section. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  353 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 

Class. 

1  Name. 

' 

Class. 

17 

Lippincott,  J.  B.,  &  Co . 

6,9 

41 

Lippman,  Philip  . 

35 

Lithgow  Library . 

9 

Knox,  Thomas  W . 

9 

Little,  A.  P . 

10 

9 

Live-Stock  Express  Co . 

74 

63 

Lloyd  &  Supplee  Hardware  Co . 

49 

Koehler,  Robert . 

1 

Lloyd,  James . 

12 

Kohler  &  Frohling . 

73 

Lockwood,  Robert  W  . 

1 

Korbel,  F.,  &  Brothers . 

42 

Logan  Female  College . 

8 

Kruell,  G . 

5 

Lombard  University . 

8 

Krug,  Charles . 

73 

Loughbridge,  Prof.  R  H . . . 

44 

Kruse  Check  and  Adding  Machine  Co  . . . 

■  59 

Loomis,  Eurilda  Q . 

1 

Kunz,  George  F . 

41 

Lorenz,  George . . 

28 

Kunz,  Joseph . 

73 

Loring,  Francis  William 

1 

La  Chaise,  Eugene  A . 

1 

Lothrop,  1). ,  &  Co . 

9 

Ladd  &  Coffin . 

28 

Low,  William  H 

2 

La  Farge,  John . 

19 

Low,  J.G.&  J.F . 

20' 

Lafayette  College . 

8 

Lowell  Commercial  College . 

8 

Laird,  B.  F . 

61 

Lake  Erie  Seminary . 

Lowell,  John  A.,  &  Co . 

9,10,11 

Lake  Forest  University . 

8 

Lubin,  Siegmund . 

15 

Lambie,  R.  M . 

17 

Lucy  Kolb  Institute 

Lamson  Consolidated  Store  Service . 

59 

Lugano,  C . 

15,45 

Landy,  James . 

12 

Lutcher  &  Moore . 

49 

Lane  Mills . 

30 

Luther  College 

8 

Lane  University . 

8 

Lutheran  Theological  Seminary 

8 

Larkin,  J.  D . ,  &  Co . 

45 

Lutted,  James . 

72 

Lasar,  Charles . 

1 

Lyman,  Joseph  . . . 

1 

La  Salle  College . 

8 

Lynch,  James . 

44 

Lash,  Lee . 

1 

Lyon,  Amasa,  &  Co 

35 

Laudon,  Mrs.  Weston . 

9 

Macann,  John  A . 

9 

Lawrence,  R.  F. ,  &  Co . 

39-41 

Macbeth,  George  A.,  &  Co 

19 

Lea  Brothers  &  Co . 

9 

Macclurg,  A.  C.  &  Co 

9 

Leavenworth  &  Burr  Publishing  Co . . . 

9 

MacCoy,  James  S . 

57 

Lebanon  Valley  College  .  . 

8 

MacEwen,  Walter .  . 

1 

Lehigh  College . ; . . . 

8 

Mackellar,  Smiths  &  Jordan  Co 

58 

Lehigh  University . 

8, 6,7 

Mackay  &  Copeland  Lasting-Machine 

Lehigh  Valley  Creosoting  Co . 

63 

Co . 

56 

Leinbach,  Felix  W . 

59 

MacMonnies,  Frederick . 

3 

Leitner,  H.  D . 

44 

MacNaughtan’s,  W.,  Sons.  . 

44 

Le  Long,  B.F . . . 

42 

Macy,  William  S . 

1 

Lepage  Glue  Co  . 

45 

Madison  University.  Hamilton,  N  V. 

8 

Lesley,  J.  P . 

16 

Magnolia  Mines 

41,49 

Lewis,  P.  C . 

76 

Magnolia  Anti-Friction  Metal  Co 

41 

Lewiston  (Maine)  Public  Schools . 

6 

Mail  lard,  Henry . 

11,50,72 

Libbey  &  Co . 

70 

1  Maine  Red  Granite  Company  .... 

41 

Liberty  Machine  Works .  . 

58 

Mallon,  John,  Pacific  Art  Glassworks. . . 

19 

Library  Association . 

9 

Mallory,  E.  B.,  &  Co . 

71 

Library  Catalogues,  Coll.  Exhibit . 

6 

I  Manual  Training  School,  St.  Louis,  Mo . . 

6,7,8 

Lick  Observatory . 

8 

Manufacturer  and  Builder . 

9 

Lincoln  Bessemer  Company . 

41 

Mansfield,  J.  E  . 

67 

Lincoln  Mill  Co . 

42 

Manufacturers  and  Mechanics’  Library 

Lindenthal,  Gustav . 

63 

Association,  Lewiston,  Maine . 

6 

Lindsay,  Robert  M . 

9 

Manhattan  College,  New  York  City . 

8 

Lindsy ,  Albert  M . 1 

5 

Mann,  C.  A.,  &  Co . 

28 

H.  Ex.  410  23 

354 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 

Class. 

Name. 

6 

Merklen  Brothers . 

Marion  Female  College,  Marion,  Va . 

7 

Merriam,  G.  C.,&  Co.,  Springfield,  Mass. 

41 

Merrill,  M.  J . 

Marks  Adjustable  Folding-Chair  Co . 

17,39 

Mexican  Phosphate  and  Sulphur  Co . 

Marriott,  F . 

9 

Meyer,  Henry  C . . 

41 

Meza,  Wilson  de .  . 

Marshall,  TP  . 

41  j 

Michener,  J.  H.,  &  Co. . . 

Martin  &  Martin . 

60 

Michigan  Female  Seminary,  Kalamazoo, 

71 

Mich . . . 

Martinez,  Ybor  &  Co . 

44 

Michigan  Radiator  and  Iron  Manufact¬ 

74 

uring  Co . 

Marx,  Ernest . 

12 

Middlebury  College,  Middlebury,  Vt. . . . 

Mason,  Volney  W.,  &  Co . — 

52 

Middlesex  Mills . 

9 

Mills,  Wm.,  &  Son . . 

Mason.  James  B . 

9 

Miller,  Charles  Henry . 

Massachusetts  College  of  Pharmacy, 

Miller,  Edward  L . 

8 

Miller,  George,  &  Son . . 

Massachusetts  Insurance  Commission, 

Miller,  Horace  C . . 

9 

Miller  Lock  Company . 

Massachusetts  Normal  School,  Worces- 

Millet,  F.  D . *. . 

7 

Miner,  Wm.  C . . . 

Massachusetts  Society  for  the  Promo- 

Minnesota  School  for  Deaf,  Faribault, 

42 

Minn . 

Mast,  Foos  &  Co . 

49,52 

Minnesota  State  Geological  Survey,  Min¬ 

Master  Car-Builders’  Association,  New 

neapolis,  Minn . . 

York  City . 

8 

Minor,  Robert  C . . . 

Masters,  Geo . 

9 

Mississippi  College,  Clinton,  Miss . 

Mathews,  Arthur  F . 

1 

Mitchell,  J.  J.,  &  Co . 

Matthews,  Geo.  E.,  &  Co . 

9 

Mitchell,  Lazar  &  Co . 

Matthews,  J . . . 

73 

Mohr,  Charles . 

Mayer,  Strouse  &  Co . 

35  | 

Moline  Public  Schools . 

McCormick  Harvesting  Machine  Co 

49 

Molleer,  L . 

McCoy,  M.  P . 

58 

Montgomery  Brewing  Co . 

McDonald,  Alexander  E . 

15 

Monks,  Robert  Hatton . . 

McEntee,  Jervis . 

1 

Monmouth  College,  Monmouth,  Ill . 

McKim,  Mead  &  White . 

4 

Monson  Academy,  Monson,  Mass . 

McLaughlin,  M.  Louisd . 

25 

Monticello  Wine  Co . . . 

McLeish  &  Co . 

45 

Moore,  H.  Humphrey . 

Mead,  Geo.W.,  &  Co . 

71 

Moore  &  Sinnott . 

Mechanics’  Library,  Portland,  Maine .... 

6 

Moore’s,  John,  Son . . 

Medical  College  of  Virginia,  Richmond . 

8 

Mooney,  John  J . . . 

Medical  School  Catalogues . 

8 

Moran,  Edward . 

Medical  Society  of  Kings  County,  Brook¬ 

Moran,  Thomas . 

lyn,  N.  Y . 

8 

Morgan,  W.  E . 

Meglia valla,  G . . . . . 

73 

Morley  Bros . . . 

Melchers,  J.  Gari . 

1 

Morrell  &  Co . 

Memorial  Free  Library,  Mount  Airy, 

Morris  &  Co . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

6 

Morse  Twist  Drill  and  Machine  Co . 

Memphis  Conference  Female  Institute, 

Mosler,  Henry . 

Jackson,  Tenn . 

7 

j  Mott,  S.  R.  &  T.C . 

Mercantile  &  Financial  Times  Co.,  New 

!  Mt.  Holyoke  Seminary,  South  Hadley, 

York  City . 

9 

Mass . 

Mercantile  Library,  San  Francisco,  Cal.. 

6 

Mt.  Mica  Co.  and  A.  C.  Hamlin . 

Merchants  Despatch  Transportation  Co . 

61 

Mt.  St.  Mary’s  College,  Emmitsburg . 

Meriden  Britannia  Co . | 

24 

Mt.  Union  College,  Mount  Union,  Ohio. . . 

REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


355 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Alphabetical. 


Name. 

Class. 

Name. 

Class. 

Muhlenburg  College,  Allentown.  Pa . 

8 

New  York  Evangelist  Co.,  New  York 

City  . 

9 

Munson,  J.  V . 

New  York  and  Georgia  Manganese  and 

62 

Iron  Co . 

41 

Muscatine  Commercial  College,  Musca- 

New  York  Hospital  Library,  New  York  I 

8 

City . 

8 

Muskingum  College,  New  Concord,  Ohio 

8 

New  York  House  of  Refuge.  School  De¬ 

9 

partment  . 

6 

Muth,  C.  C.,&  Son . 

76 

New  York  Medical  Association,  New 

(*) 

York . 

8 

Myer,  Thomas  J. ,  &  Co . 

71 

New  York  Mercantile  Library  Associa¬ 

59 

tion,  New  York  City . 

6 

My  rick,  Herbert . . . 

9 

New  York  Observer  Co . 

9 

Mystic  Valley  Institute,  Mystic  Bridge, 

New  York  Polyclinic . 

8 

Conn .  . 

6 

New  York  State  Agricultural  Society. . . 

9 

73 

New  Urbana  AVine  Co . 

73 

Nassau  Manufacturing  Co . 

10 

Niagara  University,  Buffalo  Law  School, 

9 

Buffalo,  N.Y  . 

7 

National  Bureau  of  Education . 

6 

Nichol’s  Latin  School,  Lewiston,  Me . 

6 

National  Cash  Register  Co . 

59 

Nicholson,  J.  W . . 

14 

54 

Nicoll,  James  Craig . 

1,2 

National  Deaf-Mute  College . 

6 

Normal  School,  Tuskagee,  Ala . 

National  Electric- Light  Association . 

9 

Norman  Williams  Public  Library . 

6 

National  Law  School . 

8  i 

Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Co . 

42,67 

National  Soldiers’  Home . 

64 

Northfield  Seminary,  Franklin  County, 

National  Woman’s  Christian  Temper¬ 

Mass . 

7 

ance  Union . 

6 

Northrup  Manufacturing  Co . 

52 

Nautical  Almanac . 

9 

North  Star  Gold  Mining  Co . 

41 

Navy  Department,  U.  S . 

9 

Northwestern  College,  Naperville.  Ill. . . . 

8 

Nebraska  Central  College . 

8 

Northwestern  University,  Evanston,  Ill. 

8 

Nettleton,  Walter  E . 

1 

Norton,  Captain,  yacht  “  Neversink  ”  . . . 

95 

Nelson  Manufacturing  Co . 

(*) 

Norton  Public  Library,  Norton,  Mass  . . . 

6 

Nevada  Mineral  Exhibit  . 

41 

Norwood,  E.  Steinheimer . 

9 

Newburgh  (N.  Y.)  Public  Schools . 

6 

Nouveau  Clos  Vougeot  Vineyard . 

73 

Newcomb,  E.  R . 

72,76 

Noyes,  Joseph  P . 

35 

New  England  Brown-Stone  Co . 

41 

Numsens,  William,  &  Sons . 

71 

New  England  Publishing  Co . 

6,9 

Nutrizio,  Henry . 

27,41 

Newhall,  H.M.,&  Co . 

41 

Nutt,  John  J . 

9 

New  Haven  Historical  Society . 

8 

Nye,  Wm . 

44 

New  Haven  (Conn.)  Public  Schools . 

6 

Oberlin  College,  Hiram,  Ohio . 

8 

New  Home  Sewing-Machine  Co . 

56 

Odd  Fellows  Library  Association,  San 

New  Jersey  Zinc  and  Iron  Co .  . . 

41 

Francisco,  Cal . 

1 

Newland,  Henry  A.,  &  Co . 

43 

Ogontz  School  for  Young  Ladies,  Ogontz, 

Newman,  Carl . 

1 

Pa . 

7 

New  Orleans  Cotton  Exchange . 

44 

Ogden  College,  Bowling  Green,  Ky . 

8 

New  Orleans  University . 

8 

O’Halloran,  Miss  A  . 

1 

New  Windsor  College,  New  Windsor, 

Ohio  Commissioners  of  Schools,  Colum¬ 

Md . 

8 

bus,  Ohio . 

6 

New  York  Academy  of  Medicine,  New 

Ohio  Institute  for  Feeble-minded  Chil¬ 

York  City . 

8 

dren  . 

6 

New  York  Bank-Note  Co.,  Broadway, 

Ohio  State  University,  Columbus,  Ohio  . . 

8 

New  York,  N.  Y . 

9 

Ohio  Wesleyan  University,  Delaware, 

New  York  Car- Wheel  Works . 

61 

Ohio  . 

8 

New  York  City  Public  Schools . 

6 

Oh  Joe  Mine . 

41 

New  York  Commercial  Co.  (Limited)  . . . 

61 

Okonite  Company . . 

62 

*  Social  Economy  Section. 


356 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Alphabetical. 
Name. 


Olivet  College,  Olivet,  Mich . 

Omaha  (Nebraska)  Public  Schools . 

Oneida  Historical  Society, Utica,  N.  Y. . . 

Ontario  Mining  Co . 

Orange  Judd  Co.  (The) . 

Orange  Public  Library,  Orange,  Califor¬ 
nia  . 

Oregon  Iron  and  Steel  Co . , . 

Oregon  School  for  Deaf  Mutes,  Salem, 

Oregon . 

Orestott,  Placer  Co . 

Original  Empire  Mill  and  Mining  Co . 

Oro  Bella  Mining  Co . 

Osborn,  John,  Son  &  Co . 

Osborn,  Prof.  Henry  S . 

Osborne,  D.M.,&  Co . 

Osgood,  N.  A . 

Oskaloosa  College,  Oskaloosa,  Iowa . 

Oskaloosa  (Iowa)  Public  Schools . 

Osman  Brother . 

Oswego  City  Library . 

Otis  Brothers  &  Co . 

Ottawa  University,  Ottawa.  Kan . 

Otterbein  University,  Westerville,  Ohio. . 
Our  Lady  of  Angels  Seminary  and  Col¬ 
lege,  Suspension  Bridge,  N.  Y . 

Outing  Publishing  Co . 

Pacific  Methodist  College,  Santa  Rosa, 

Cal . 

Pacific  Orchard  Cannery . 

Packard,  Prof .  A.  S . 

Paine  Shoe  Lasting  Machine  Co . 

Palisade  Manufacturing  Co . 

Palmer,  C,  M . 

Palmer,  F.  W . 

Parker,  Francis  W  . 

Parker,  M.  E . 

Parker,  Stephen  Hills . 

Parks,  C.  Wellman  . 

Parks,  M.  B . 

Parsons  College,  Fairfield,  Iowa . 

Part,  Henry  A . 

Parton,  Arthur . 

Patrick,  J.  Douglas . 

Patten,  Francis  J . 

Patterson,  Calvin . . 

Peacedale  Manufacturing  Co . 

Pearce,  Charles  Sprague . 

Pearce,  Louise  Catharine . 

Pearson,  Alex.  M  . 

Pease,  F.  S . 

Peavey  &  Co . 

Peck,  A.  G. ,  &  Co . 

Peckham  Street  Car- Wheel  and  Axle 
Company  . 


Class. 


Name. 


Class. 


8 

6 

7 

41 

9 


41 


6 

71 

41 

41 

73 

16 

49 

43 

8 

6 

9 

7 
52 

8 
8 

8 

9 

8 

71 
9 

56 

72 


9 

48 

24 

1 

8 

8 

8 

9 

1 

1 

62 


1 

1 

73 

45 

44 

41 

61 


Pennell,  Joseph . 

Pennell  Institute,  Gray,  Me . 

Pennington  Seminary, Pennington,  N.  J. 
Penn  School,  S.  Helena  Island,  South 

Carolina .  . 

Pennsylvania  Military  Academy,  Ches¬ 
ter,  Pa . 

|  Pennsylvania  Oral  School  for  the  Deaf, 

|  Scranton,  Pa . 

Pennsylvania  Training  School . 

Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company . 

j  Perkins  Institution  and  Massachusetts 

School  for  the  Blind,  Boston,  Mass . 

Perrin  &  Smith,  St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Perry,  jr.,E.  Wood . . 

Perry,  F.  H . . . . . 

Peters,  Clinton . 

Peters,  W.C . 

Peterson,  Waldemar . 

|  Phelps,  Geo.  M . 

Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy . 

Philadelphia  Manual  Training  School 

Philadelphia  Novelty  Co . 

I  Philadelphia  Novelty  Manuf.  Co . 

Philadelphia  Polyclinic  and  College  for 
Graduates  in  Medicine,  Philadelphia, 

Pa . 

Philadelphia  Seminary . 

Philander  Smith  College,  Little  Rock, 

|  Ark . 

Phillips,  C.C . . . 

Photo-Electrotype  Engraving  Co . 

Pickering  Governor  Co . 

Pierce,  George  N.,  &  Co  . . . . . 

Pike,  Wm.  H . 

Pillsbury,  C.  A.,&Co . 

Piper,  Doremus  &  Co . 

Pittsburgh  (Pa.)  Public  Schools . 

Plano  Manufacturing  Co . 

Plant  System  of  Florida . 

Platt,  C.  A . 

Pleasant  Valley  Wine  Co . 

Plumb,  Henry  G . 

Plymouth  Mine . . 

Pomeroy  Truss  Co . 

Poor,  H.  V.,&  H.W . 

Pope,R.  W . 

Popular  Educator,  Boston,  Mass . 

Porter,  Benjamin  Curtis . 

Porter,  H.  K.,  &  Co  . 

Porter  &  Macrae . 

Portland  Public  Library . 

Potthast,  Edward . . . 

Poughkeepsie  Public  Library . 

Powell,  Caroline  A . 


2 

7 

7, 


7 

6 

6 

61 


6 

6,9 

1 

71 

1 

9 

9 

9 

8 

6,7,8 

10,23,27 

41 


7 

7 

8 
50 

9 

52 

40 
17,27 

67 

14 

6,7 

49 

43,71 

2 

73 

1 

41 
14 

9 

9 

6 

1 

61 

44 

6 

1 

6 

5 


*Social  Economy  Section. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K. 


357 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 


Class. 


Name. 


Class. 


Prang,  L.,&  Co . 

Pratt,  D.C . 

Presbyterian  Historical  Society,  Phila¬ 
delphia,  Pa .  . 

Preserve  Co.,  The . 

Preserving  and  Canning  Co . 

Price,  Professor  Thomas . 

Providence  (R.  I.)  Public  Schools . 

Public  Library,  Ayer,  Mass . 

Public  Library,  Belleville,  Ill . 

Public  Library,  Bryan,  Ohio . 

Public  Library,  Chelsea,  Mass . 

Public  Library,  Fitchburg,  Mass . 

Public  Library,  Portland,  Me . 

Public  Library,  Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y . 

Public  Library,  Somerville,  Mass . 

Public  Library,  Southbridge,  Mass . 

Public  Library,  St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Public  Library,  Taunton,  Mass . 

Public  Library,  Toledo,  Ohio . 

Public  Library,  West  Brookfield,  Mass. . . 

Public  Library,  Warren,  Mass . 

Public  School  Journal  Co.,  Mt.  Washing 

ton,  Ohio . . 

Public  Schools,  Cincinnati,  Ohio . 

Publishers’  Weekly . 

Purdue  University,  La  Fayette,  Ind . 

Puget  Sound  Iron  Company . 

Purity  Wine  Co . . 

Putnam,  S.  G . 

Queen  City  Chemical  Co . 

Racine  College . . 

Railroad  Commissioners  of  Alabama .... 
Railroad  Commissioners  of  Connecticut. 

Railroad  Commission  of  Iowa . 

Railroad  Commissioners  of  Virginia . 

Railroad  Commission  of  Wisconsin . 

Railway  Commission  of  Ohio . . 

Railway  News  Co . 

Rand,  McNally  &  Co . 

Randall,  J.  A. ,  &  Co. ,  Publishers . 

Randol,  J.  B . . . . . 

Ransom,  C.  M . 

Rath,  Arthur . 

Raub,  Albert  N . 

Raymond  Public  Library . 

Redwood,  A.  C . 

Reed,  J.  Van  D . 

Reid,  Adam . 

Reid,  A.  H . 

Reid,  Robert . 

Reilly,  D.J.,&  Co . . . 

Reinhart,  Charles  Stanley . 

Remington,  Frederick . 

Renouf,  A.  Vincent . 


9, 10,11 
6 

8 

72 

72 

41 

6 

6 


6 

6 

6 

6 


6 


6 

6 


9 

6 

9 

8 

41 

73 

5 

68 

8 

9 

9 

9 


9 

61,65 

*6,9,16 

9 

41 

9 

11 

9 

8 

2 

52 

27 

41,57,74 

1 

58 

1,2 

1,2 

1 


Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute . 

Rensselaer  Society  of  Engineers . 

Revere  Rubber  Co . 

Rhode  Island  Hospital  Library . 

Rhode  Island  School  for  the  Deaf . 

Rhodes,  Richard  S . 

Rice,  William  M.  J . 

Richards,  Samuel . 

Richards,  William  T . 

Richardson  &  Robbins . 

Richmond  Cedar  Works,  Limited  . 

Richmond  Theological  Seminary . 

Ricksecker,  Theodore . 

Rider, S.  A., &  Co . 

Rifes  Hydraulic-Engine  Manufacturing 
Co . 


8 

45 

8 

7 
14 

1 

1 

1,2 

70 

29,42,74 

8 

28 

37 

52 


Riley,  C.V . 

Rimmersburg  Public  Schools . 

Rixford,  G.  P . 

Roanoke  College . 

Robbins,  Horace  W . 

Roberts,  Dr.  R.  R . 

Robinson,  Theodore . 

Rochester  Lamp  Co . 

Rochester  (N.  Y.)  Public  Schools . 

Rockford  Seminary . 

Rogers,  W.  H . 

Rogers  Stamp  Co . 

Roger  Williams  University  . 

Rollins  College . 

Rolshoven,  Julius . 

Rookwood  Pottery . 

Rosa,  John  J . 

Rose  Polytechnic  Institute . 

Ross,  Mary  E . 

Roth  &  Goldschmidt . 

Rothrock,J.  P . 

Rottenstein,  Dr.  J.  B . 

Rottenstein  &  Farley . 

Rowland,  Prof . 

Royland  Hall  School . 

Rudy,  Charles . 

Ruggles,  Miss  Theo.  A . 

Rumsey  &  Co . 

Russell,  George  H . 

Russia  Cement  Co . 

Russow,  Adolph . 

Rust  University . 

Rutgers  College . 

Ryckman,  G.  F.,  Brocton  Wine  Co . 

Ryder,  J.F . 

Ryder,  Platt  P . 

St.  Charles  College,  Ellicott,  Md . 

St.  Francis  Solanus  College,  Quincy,  Ill . . 


73  ter, 
75, 76 
6 

68.71 
8 
1 

44 
1 

27 
6 

7 

70.71 
10,26 

8 
8 
2 

20 

71 

72 
35 
42 

28 
14 

12,15 

6 

8 

3 

76 

47 

45 

73 
8 
8 

73 

12 

1 

8 

8 


*Social  Economy  Section. 


358 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS, 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 


Class. 


Name. 


St.  Ignatius  College,  Chicago,  Ill . 

St.  Ignatius  College,  San  Francisco,  Cal . 

St.  John’s  College,  Annapolis,  Md . 

St.  Joseph’s  Diocesan  College,  Teutopo- 

lis, Ill  . 

St.  Catharine’s  Hall,  Davenport,  Iowa. . . 
St.  Lawrence  University,  Canton,  N.  Y . . . 
St.  Louis  Medical  College,  St.  Louis,  Mo . . 

St.  Louis  Seminary,  St.  Louis,  Mo . 

St.  Mark’s  School,  Utah . 

St.  Mary’s  College,  Marion  Co.,Ky . 

St.  Meinrad’s  College  and  Ecclesiastical 

Seminary,  St.  Meinrad,  Ind . 

St.  Paul  Despatch  Co.,  St.  Paul,  Minn _ 

St.  Paul  (Minnesota)  Public  Schools . 

St.  Stanislaus  Commercial  College,  Bay 

St.  Louis,  Missouri . 

St.  Stephen’s  College,  Annandale,  N.  Y. . 
St.  Vincent  College,  "Westmoreland  Co., 

Pa . 

St.  Vinteur’s  College,  Bourbonnais  Grove, 

Ill . . 

Salomon,  R.  G . 

Sandusky  (Ohio)  Public  Schools . 

San  Joaquin  Valley  College,  Wood- 

bridge,  Cal . 

Santa  Clara  College,  Santa  Clara,  Cal. . . . 

Sargent,  Charles  S . 

Sargent,  John  S . 

Sawyer,  R.  D . 

Schaeffer,  Prof.  C.  C . 

Schier,  John . . 

Schieren,  Charles  A.,  &  Co . 

Schilling,  C  ,  &  Co . 

Schloss,  N.  J.,  &  Co . 

Scholten,  John  A . 

School  of  Mines,  Columbia  College,  New 

York  City . 

School  for  Young  Ladies,  429  Carondelet 

st.,  New  Orleans,  La . 

Schott,  William . 

Schram,  Jacob . 

Schramm,  Gottfried  H . 

Schumacher,  T.,  &  Co . 

Schwab,  Ernest . 

Science  Publishing  Co . 

Scio  College,  Scio,  Ohio . 

Scribner’s  Sons,  Charles . 

Seabury  &  Johnson .  . 

Seacto  Manufacturing  Co . 

Searcy  College,  Searcy,  Arkansas. . . 

Sears  &  Nicoll . 

Seavy,  Lafayette  W . 

Secco,  Henri . 


8 

8 

8 

8 

8 

7 

7 

6 

7 

7 
9 
6 

6,7,8 

8 

8 

8 


47 


8 

8 


42,82 

1 

1 

7 

76 

52 

73 


12 

7 


6 

14 

73 

29 

67 

57 

9 

8 

9 

14,45 

42 

11 
12 
60, 63 


Secretary  of  Internal  Affairs,  Harris¬ 
burg,  Pa . 

Seed  Division,  U.  S. Dept,  of  Agriculture. 

Seligman,  Edw’d . 

Sellers,  William,  &  Co . 

Senator  Mine . 

Sendker,  Alfred  H . 

Seth  Thomas  Clock  Co . 

Seven  Islands  School,  New  Canton  Va. . 

Shaler  &  Hall  Quarry  Co . 

Sharpe,  Clarke  &  Co . 

Shaw  University,  Raleigh,  N.  C . 

Sheffield,  L.T . 

Sheldon  Art  Museum,  Middlebury,  Vt. . . 

Shelley,  W.H . 

Shepard,  H.  G.,  &  Sons. . . . 

Shepard,  Sydney,  &  Co . 

Sherwood,  Rosina  Emmet . 

Shillaber  &  Co . . 

Shirlaw,  Walter . 

Shorter  College,  Rome,  Ga . 

Siegel  Brothers . 

Silliman,  Robert . 

Silver,  Burdette  &  Co . 

Silver  &  Deming  Manufacturing  Co . 

Silver  King  Mining  Co . 

Silver  Street  Kindergarten,  San  Fran¬ 
cisco,  Cal  . 

Simonds,  George  Frederic . 

Simmons,  Edward  Emerson . 

Simpson,  L.  A . 

Simpson  College,  Indianola,  Iowa . 

Simpson,  McIntyre  &  Co . 

Singer  Sewing  Machine  Co . 

Sioux  City  Linseed-Oil  Works . 

Sirret  Scale  Co . 

Slater,  Frank . 

Slason  Thompson  Co . 

Smillie,  Thomas  W . 

Smith,  de  Cost .  . 

Smith,  F.  Hopkinson . 

Smith,  Geo.  T.,  Middlings  Purifier  Co  . . . 

Smith,  John  E.,  &  Sons . 

Smith,  Justin  A . 

Smith,  J.  T . . . . 

Smith,  Sydney  M . 

Smith,  W.  H . 

Smith  &  Wesson . 

Smith  &  Pattison . . . 

Smithsonian  Institute . 

Smith wech,  J.  G . 

Society  of  Amateur  Photographers  of 

New  York . 

Soci6te  Anonyme  des  Mines  de  Lexington 


Class. 


9> 

71 

(*) 

53 

41 

36 

26 

7 
41 
47 

8 

•  28 

9 

60 

27,41 

1,2 

36 

1 


35 

62 

6 

52,53,57 

41 

6 

53 

1 

27 

8 

69 

56 

44 

41 
52 

9 

42 
1 
2 

50 

41 

9 

44 

12 

6,7,8 

38 

12 

8 

5 

12 

41 


*  Social  Economy  Section. 


REPOET  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  359 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 

Class. 

Name. 

Class. 

Society  for  the  Collegiate  Instruction  of 

State  University  of  Iowa,  Iowa  City, 

Women,  Harvard  University,  Cam- 

Iowa . 

8 

8 

Stearns,  J.  W . 

9 

Sockanosset  School  for  Boys,  Howard, 

Steiner,  Samuel . 

71 

R.I . 

6,7,8 

Statistical  Division,  Department  of  Ag¬ 

Solar  Carbon  and  Manufacturing  Co ... . 

62 

riculture  . 

44 

45 

Sternbergh,  J.  H.,  &  Son . 

53 

Sonntag,  William  L . 

1 

Stevens  Institute  of  Technology,  Hobo¬ 

73 

ken  . 

6, 7. 8, 9 

South  Kentucky  College,  Hopkinsville, 

Stetson,  John  B.,  Co . 

36 

Ky . 

8 

Stewart,  Julius  L . 

1,2 

Southern  Female  College,  Petersburg, 

Stiles  &  Parker  Press  Co  . 

53 

Va . 

8 

Stokes,  Frank  Wilbert . 

1 

Southwestern  Journal  of  Education . 

9 

Stokes,  Frederick  A.,  Brother . 

9 

Southwestern  University,  Georgetown, 

Stone  Hill  Wine  Co  . 

73 

Texas . 

8 

Stonewall  Claim . 

41 

Soul6  Commercial  College,  New  Orleans, 

Story,  Julian  Russell . 

1 

La . 

6  7  8 

Story,  Waldo . 

3 

Southern  Cotton  Oil  Co . 

44, 69 

Story,  Wm.W . 

3 

Sparks,  E.R.,  Hemp  Co . 

44 

Story  &  Fox . 

10 

Sperry  Electric  Company . 

62 

Straight  Line  Engine  Co . 

52 

Sperry,  Elmer  A . 

48 

Straight  University,  New  Orleans,  La. . . 

8 

Sphincter  Grip  Armored  Hose  Co . 

45 

Straiton  &  Storm . 

44 

Sprague  Electric  Railway  and  Motor 

Stratford  Library  Association,  Bridge¬ 

Co . 

61  62  ! 

port,  Conn . .  . 

8 

Spring  Hill  College,  near  Mobile,  Ala. . . . 

8 

Street,  S.  H.,  &  Co . 

67 

Spurr,  Chas.  W.,  Company . 

42 

Strickland,  Charles  Hobart . 

1 

Stafford,  S.S . 

10 

Strickler  Brothers  &  Co . 

69 

Stamford  Seminary,  Stamford,  N.  Y _ 

Stubbs,  Prof.  W.  C . 

44 

Standard  Paint  Co . 

63 

Summei’s,  James  Colling . 

9 

Standard  Sewing-Machine  Co . 

56 

Superintendent  of  Education  of  Mary¬ 

Standard  Target  Co . 

38,41 

land  . 

6 

Standenbaur,  R .  . 

5 

Superintendent  of  Public  Instruction  of 

Stanley  Rule  and  Level  Co . 

41 

Coloi’ado . 

6 

Starrett,  L.  S . 

53 

Sutherlin  Brother . 

9 

State  Agricultural  College,  Ames,  Iowa  . 

6,7,8 

Swarthmore  College,  Swarthmore,  Pa  . . 

8 

State  Agricultural  College,  Fort  Collins, 

Sweetland,  H.  M . 

9 

Colo . 

7 

Swift  &  Co . 

69,70 

State  Board  of  Health,  Mich . 

9 

Syracuse  University,  Syracuse,  N.  Y _ 

8 

State  Board  of  Registration  of  Michigan. 

9 

Taber,  H . 

12 

State  Department,  Washington,  D.  C  . . . 

9  I 

Taber,  J.W . 

42 

State  Department  of  Education,  Harris¬ 

Tabor  College . . . 

8 

burg,  Pa . 

6 

Taintor  Brothers  &  Co . 

9 

State  Department  of  Education,  State  of 

j  Talbott,  E.  H . 

9 

Alabama . 

6 

Tanite  Company . 

53 

State  Department  of  Public  Instruction, 

Tapley  Machine  Co . 

56 

Austin,  Texas . . 

G 

Tarbell,  Edmund  C . 

1 

State  Department  of  Public  Instruction, 

Taylor,  Thomas,  M.  D . 

15,73,  fer 

Topeka,  Kan . . . 

6 

Temple,  Lewis . 

65 

State  Normal  School  Reports . 

6 

Tenement  House  Building  Co . 

(*) 

State  Primary  and  Reform  School,  Bos¬ 

Terquem,  Emile . 

9 

ton,  Mass . 

6 

Thatcher,  Edw’d . 

15 

State  Public  School,  Coldwater,  Mich . . . 

6 

Thayer,  Abbott  Henderson . 

1 

State  School  Reports . 

6 

Thayer  Academy . 

7 

*  Social  Economy  Section. 


360 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 

Class. 

Name. 

Class.. 

Thayer,  J.  E . . 

49 

r 

10,11, 

The  American  Baptist  Missionary  Union . 

9 

Tiffany  &  Co . -j 

19,23, 
24, 26, 

The  Bicycling  World  Co . 

9 

29, 37, 

The  Brooklyn  Library . 

6 

l 

41,43 

The  Buff  alo  International  Fair  Associa- 

Tiffany  Chemical  Company . 

42,47 

9 

Tillinghast  Supply  Co . 

56 

Tinkey,  J . 

5 

Califoi  iiici/  O&oldfcji  Oo . . . 

The  Chicago  Tribune  Publishing  Co . 

9 

Time  Publishing  Co . 

9 

9 

Tokalon  Vineyards,  H.  W.  Crabb . 

73 

The  D.  B.  Canfield  Co.,  Lim . 

9 

Tompkins,  Frank  H . 

1 

nn  TJ.  .  T>  1  V  ,1  •  n 

9 

Torrey,  J.R.,&  Co . 

29 

Tovey,  A.  E.  J . 

9 

Tower  &  Lyon . 

53 

Townsend,  G.W . 

67,76 

Townshend,  Chas.  Hervey . 

76 

Tracy,  John  M . 

1 

The  Helping  Hand . . 

9 

Training  School  for  Nurses . 

(*) 

The  Hub  Publishing  Co . 

9 

Treasury  Department,  United  States. . . . 

9 

The  Indiana  Farmer  Co . 

9 

Trenton  Watch  Co . 

26 

9 

Trinity  College,  Hartford,  Conn . 

8 

The  Jewellers1  Weekly  Publishing  Co., 

Trinity  College,  Randolph,  N.  C .  .  . . 

8 

NT  V  ,1  rvp 

Truesdell,  G.  S . 

1 

The  Lehigh  University  Engineering  So¬ 

Trump  Brothers  Machine  Co  . 

53 

ciety 

9 

Tubular  Barrow  Machine  Co . 

63 

o 

Tucker,  Carter  &  Co . 

44 

The  Lumberman  Publishing  Co . 

The  Lumberman  Publishing  and  Mailing 

y 

Tucker  &  Carter  Cordage  Co . 

54 

Co 

9 

Tuft’s  College . 

8 

The  New  York  College  of  Physicians  and 

Tuft’s  Library . . 

9 

Surgeons 

g 

Tulane  University  of  Louisiana . 

8 

The  New  York  Iron  Roofing  and  Corru- 

Tupper,  Rev.  H.  M . 

9 

rr Q  fi  n  o'  Pa 

G 

Turner,  Charles  Y . 

1 

^ai'lLLg  vu . . . . . .  • 

The  Packer  Collegiate  Institute . 

7 

Turner,  I.  Jackson . 

63 

The  Power  and  Transmission  Publishing 

Tuskaloosa  Female  College . 

8 

Co. . 

9 

Tuttletown  Claim . 

41 

Tyler,  James  G . 

1 

The  Rural  Home  Co.,  Limited . 

TViq  QclihiTl  TTAPfilfl  On 

9 

Q 

Uibel  &  Barber . . . 

37 

A  ii ouiuui  nci  ciiLi  uu . 

y 

Ulrich,  Charles  F . 

1 

The  Southern  Historical  Society . 

The  Street  Railway  Journal . 

8 

9 

Union  Button  Sewing  Machine  Co . 

56 

G 

Underhill,  L.  C  . 

9 

ine  ±raues  xuuiisnmg  i^o . 

T Ii  n  AUill'iciTYic  "PiiViliohiTirr 

9 

A  G 

Underwood,  John,  &  Co . 

10 

a  ne  vv  miauio  x  uuiibiniig  . 

The  World’s  Travel  Co 

o,  y 

9 

Underwood  Manufacturing  Co . 

52 

Theological  Seminary  Catalogues . 

8 

Union  Christian  College . 

8 

rnu*  inn  n  -ii  -d 

8 

Q  1 

Union  Female  College . 

8 

Aiiiei  college, Uxreen vine,  ±  a . 

Thomas  B  F 

Union  for  Christian  Work . 

9 

Thomson  John 

a  [ 

Union  Metallic  Cartridge  Co . 

38 

TVicm cab  TTliVin 

52, 58 

AO 

Union  School . 

6 

A  llUIAloUII,  ALALIA U . 

04 

AO 

Union  School  District . 

6 

Thomson  Electric  W elding  Co . 

Thomson-Houston  International  Electric 

04 

Union  Theological  Seminary . 

7 

Co 

61,62 

1 

Union  University . 

8 

Thomson,  Wordsworth . 

United  States  Patent  Cement  Conduit 

Thomson’s  Seedless  Raisins . 

71 

Co . . 

63 

Thorne  Type-Setting  Machine  Co . 

58 

United  States  Geological  Survey . 

8, 12, 16 

Thors . 

12 

United  States  Metallic  Packing  Co . 

52 

Throop,  Frances  Hunt . 

1 

United  States  Naval  Academy . 

6,7,8 

Tiffany,  Louis  C . . 

1 

1  United  States  Naval  Observatory . 

15,62 

*  Social  Economy  Section. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  K.  361 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors — Alphabetical. 


Name. 


United  States  Signal  Service . 

Universal  Peace  Union . 

University  of  California . 

University  of  Dakota . 

University  of  Des  Moines . 

University  of  Georgia . 

University  of  Illinois . 

University  of  Kansas . 

University  of  Michigan . . 

University  of  New  York . 

University  of  North  Dakota . 

University  of  Notre  Dame . . 

University  of  Tenn . 

University  of  Pennsylvania . . 

University  of  Rochester . . 

University  of  the  South . 

University  of  Vermont  and  State  Agri¬ 
cultural  College . . 

University  of  Virginia . 

University  of  Wisconsin . 

University  of  Wooster . 

University  Publishing  Co . 

Untereiner,  Prof.  Charles . . 

Upper  Iowa  University . 

Upton,  George . 

Ursinus  College . 

U.  S.  Bunting  Co .  . 

U.  S.  Bureau  of  Statistics . 

U.  S.  Government . 

U.  S.  Coast  Survey . 

U.  S.  Corps  of  Engineers . . 

U.  S.  Commissioner  of  Patents . . 

U.  S.  War  Department . 

Vail,  Eugene  L  . 

Vaile,  E.  O . . 

Valentine  &  Co . 

Van  Antwerp,  Bragg  &  Co . 

Van  Boskerck,  Robert  W. . . . . 

Vanderbilt,  J.  W . 

Vancouver,  Washington  . 

Van  Dieman,  N.  H . . . 

Van  Nostrand . 

Van  Norman  Institute . 

Vassar  College . 

Vedder,  Elihu . 

Varley,  Robert . 

Vermont  State  Inspector  of  Finance . . . 

Villa  Nova  College . 

Virginia  Agricultural  and  Mechanical 

College . 

Virginia  Historical  Society . 

Vizet,  V . 

Volta  Graphophone  Co . 

Vogelsang,  I.,  Sons . 

Vogt,  August . . . 

*  Social  Economy  Section 


Class. 

Name. 

Class. 

8.15,16 

Volk,  Douglas . 

1 

(*) 

Vonnoh,  Rob’t  William . 

1 

12,73 

Wabash  College . 

8 

8 

Walden,  Lionel . 

1 

8 

Walker,  Horatio . 

1 

8 

Walker,  J.R . 

41 

8,6,7 

Walker,  M.  Phillip . 

54 

8 

Wallin  Leather  Co . 

47 

8,9 

Walsh,  James,  jr . 

52 

8 

Waltham  Public  Library . 

6 

8 

Ward,  Edgar  M . . 

1 

8 

Ward,  Everett . 

45 

8 

Ward,  Henry . 

49 

8 

Ward,  Dr.  R.  H . 

7,73  ter 

8 

War  Department,  U.  S . 

9, 36 

8 

Ware,  Lewis  S . 

9 

;  Warner,  Olin  L . 

3 

8 

Warner,  William  R.,  &  Co . 

45 

8 

Warner  &  Swasey . 

53 

8 

Warren,  S.  Edward . 

6, 7, 8, 9 

8 

Warren,  S.D.,  &  Co . 

10 

9 

!  Warren,  Andrew . 

61 

6 

i  Warren,  Lange  &  Co  . 

22 

8 

Warwick  Library . 

8 

45,53 

Washburn  College . 

8 

8  ! 

Washington  and  Lee  University . 

8 

32 

1  Washington  University . 

8 

(*) 

i  Waterbury  Rubber  Co . 

41,45 

43 

i  Waterbury  Watch  Co . 

26 

16 

Waterman,  L.  E.,  Co . 

10 

16, 63 

Watertown  Library  Association . 

6 

62 

Webb,  J.  Louis . 

1 

8,41 

Weber,  Albert,  N.  Y . 

13 

1 

Weeks,  E.L . 

1 

6,9 

Weeks  &  Campbell,  N.  Y . 

10 

45 

Weir,  J.  Alden .  . 

1,2 

9 

Wellesley  College . 

8 

1 

Wellington,  F . . 

5 

12 

Wemple,Jay  C.,Co . 

22 

6 

■  Wentworth  Academy . 

7 

71 

Wesleyan  Female  College .  . 

7 

71 

Wesleyan  University . 

8 

7 

Westchester  County  Institute . 

6 

8 

Western  College . 

7 

1 

Western  Electric  Co . 

62 

5 

Western  Glass  Sign  Works . 

19 

9 

Westinghouse  Machine  Co . 

52 

8 

Westminster  Seminary . 

Westown  School . 

7 

West  Virginia  Central  Railway  Co . 

41 

8 

West  Virginia  University . 

8 

18,27,51 

Wetmore,  Chas.  A . 

69,73 

62 

Wettenberg  College . 

8 

9 

Wetzel,  John . 

15 

67,73 

Wharton,  Jos.,  American  Nickel  Works. 

62 

362 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Catalogue  of  exhibitors— Alphabetical. 


Name. 

Ciass. 

Name. 

| 

Class. 

Wheaton  College . 

8 

Witt,  J.H . 

1 

Witte,  John  G.,&  Brother 

63 

Wheeler.  J.H  . 

71 

Wm.  Jewell  College  . 

8 

Wheeler  &  Wilson  Manufacturing  Co. . . 

56 

Woburn  Public  Library  and  Schools  .... 

6 

52 

Wofford  College . 

8 

9 

Wogan,  A.  R.,  &  Co  .. 

35 

White  L  &  I.  J . 

41 

Wolf,  Henry . 

5 

16,63 

Woman’s  Journal . 

9 

1 

Woman  Suffrage  Association. 

9 

56 

Wood,  Thomas  Waterman 

1 

Wood,  Ogden . 

1 

49 

Wood,  de  Volson . 

6,7,8 

Whiton,  The  D.  E. ,  Machine  Co . 

53 

Wood,  George  B . 

12 

2 

Wood,  Walter  A . 

49 

9 

Woodason,  T.K  ... 

76 

Whittock,  William .  . 

9 

Woodbury  Library,  Woodbury,  N.  J _ 

8 

Whittredge,  Worthington . 

1 

Woodward  Electric  Co. 

62 

Wickenden,  Robert  John .  .... 

1,2 

Woman’s  C.  T.  Union . 

(*) 

Wickes  Refrigerator  Co . 

74 

Worcester  (Ma.ss.)  Public  Schools 

6 

Wiggins1,  H.B,,Sons . 

45 

Worcester  Polytechnic  Institute,  Wor¬ 

Wight,  Moses . .■ . 

1 

cester,  Mass . 

6,7,8 

Wilberf orce  University . 

8 

World  Type- Writer  Company  . 

59 

Wilbur,  H.  0.,  Son . . 

72 

Worth  &  Co . . 

9 

Wiles,  Irving  R . . 

1,2 

Worthington,  George . 

9 

Wiley,  H.W . 

67 

Worthington  Pumping-Engine  Co . 

52, 63 

Wiley,  John,  &  Sons . 

6, 7, 8, 9 

Wright,  Carroll  D . 

(*) 

Williams,  David . 

9 

Wright,  Peter,  &  Sons . 

65 

Williams,  The  John  R.,  Company . 

59 

Wuertz,  Emile. . . 

3 

Willimantic  Linen  Co . 

30 

Wyant,  Alexander  H . 

1 

Wilson,  James  Godfrey . 

63 

Wyckoff,  Seamans  &  Benedict 

59 

Wilson  &  Roake  . 

52 

Vale  and  TownclVla,mifa,ctnring;Go 

t41,63 

Winchester  Repeating  Arms  Co . 

38 

Yale  University . 

8 

Winchen,  N.  H . 

16 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Library . 

8 

Windsor  Folding-Bed  Co . 

17 

Young,  W.  H . 

9 

Wineberger,  Mrs.  J.  C . 

73 

Young  Men’s  Christian  Association, 

Winfree  Adams  &  Lloyd . 

44 

La . 

8 

Wing,  Levi  J . 

64 

Young  Men’s  Christian  Association,  N.  Y . 

8 

Wingate,  Julia . 

56 

Young  Men’s  Christian  Union,  Boston  . . 

*8 

Winterport  Packing  Co . 

71 

1  Zabriskie,  Z.  L . 

24 

*  Social  Economy  Section. 


t  And  Social  Economy  Section. 


X  Section  12. 


APPENDIX  M. 


MINERAL  RESOURCES  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES  WITH  STA¬ 
TISTICAL  TABLES  AND  CATALOGUE  OF  THE  ORES  EX¬ 
HIBITED  TO  ILLUSTRATE  THEIR  MINERAL  INDUSTRY. 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 


Letter  transmitting  Report . .  366 

Annual  Value  of  the  Mineral  Production  of  the  United  States.  ...  367 

Geographic  Distribution  of  the  Principal  Mineral  Products .  371 

Coal: 

Production  in  1888  and  1889. — Anthracite,  production  and  composition 
of. — Anthracite  coal  trade  of  the  United  States  since  1820. — List  of 
exhibitors  of  coal .  372 

Iron: 

Statistics  of  production  and  shipment  for  886,  1887,  and  1888. — Produc¬ 
tion  of  pig  iron,  steel,  rails,  nails,  etc. — Production  by  States. — Alpha¬ 
betical  list  of  exhibitors .  378 

Gold: 

Value  annually  of  production  from  1870  to  1888. — Estimate  of  amount  in 
the  United  States. — List  of  exhibitors,  with  notes  of  production,  cost, 
and  yield  per  ton .  380 

Silver: 

Value  annually  of  production  from  1870  to  1888. — Amount  in  the  coun¬ 


try. — Use  of  industrially. — Cost  of  producing  silver. — Operations  on 
the  Comstock  Lode. — Product  of  gold  and  silver  in  Nevada  for  1887. — 
Dividend  on  the  Comstock  . — Total  production  of  the  Comstock  Lode 
from  the  commencement  of  operations. — Relative  value  of  the  gold 
and  silver  in  the  ores  from  the  Comstock  Lode. — Assessments  and 
dividends. — Geographic  distribution  of  the  silver  production. — Table 


in  the  appendix. — Annotated  list  of  the  exhibitors .  384 

Copper: 

Statistics  of  production  and  of  prices. — Exports. — List  of  exhibitors .  390 

Lead: 

Production  generally  in  the  United  States. — Lead  and  precious  metals 
product  of  Leadville. — Imports  and  exports  of  lead. — Average 
monthly  prices  of  lead. — List  of  exhibitors  with  notes .  396 


363 


364 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Zinc: 

Production  and  importation. — New  Jersey  Zinc  and  Iron  Company .  399 

Quicksilver: 

Statistics  of  production  in  the  United  States. — Statistics  of  New  Almaden 
mines  and  of  all  mines  in  California. — The  New  Almaden  mine  ex¬ 
hibition  of  ores  and  products. — Production  for  thirty-five  years. — 

Bradford  mine .  399 

Manganese: 

Production  of  the  United  States. — Exhibit  of  ore  from  Georgia .  404 

Tin: 

Black  tin,  cassiterite,  in  the  Black  Hill  of  Dakota. — Exhibits  from  Nigger 

Hill,  Dakota,  and  from  Maine .  404 

Antimony: 

Statistics  and  list  of  exhibitors .  405 

Nickel: 

Nickel  made  by  Wharton,  1876  and  1878. — Oregon  nickel  ores. . . . .  405 

Pyrites: 

Statistics  of  production  in  the  United  States  and  exhibit  from  the  Davis 

mine,  Massachusetts .  405 

Alumina: 

Production  and  exhibition  of  alloys  of  alumina  and  silicon  made  by  the 

Cowles  electric  smelting  process .  406 

Graphite: 

Statistics  of  production. — One  example  from  the  Merrill  mine,  Massachu¬ 
setts . . . .  406 

Salt: 

Quantity  of  product  and  distribution. — Discoveries  of  rock-salt  in  the 

State  of  New  York  and  in  Kansas .  407 

Petroleum  and  Natural  Gas: 

Statistics  of  production  of  petroleum. — Wells  drilled  and  their  production 
monthly  and  average  product. — Value  and  exports. — Production  and 
valuation  of  natural  combustible  gas.  — Photographs  of  burning  wells .  407 

Fertilizers  : 

Amount  of  phosphate  rock  in  South  Carolina . . .  410 

Gypsum,  Lime,  and  Mica: 

Distribution  and  production  of  gypsum. — Exhibit  from  Ohio. — Produc¬ 
tion  of  lime. — Exhibit  from  Connecticut. — Kilns  fired  by  petroleum. — 

Mica:  its  uses,  production,  and  examples .  410 

Building  Stones,  Marble,  Slates,  etc.  : 

Value  of  building  stones  produced  yearly. — Brown  and  red  sandstones  of 
Connecticut. — Granite. — Slates  of  various  colors. — Production  and 
value. — Blanchard  (Maine)  slate. — Exhibition  by  the  Drake  Company 

of  quartzite,  granite,  and  silicified  wood .  411 

Precious  Stones  and  Gems  : 

Increasing  interest  in  American  gems.— Value  of  the  production  in  the 
United  States. — Display  by  Tiffany  &  Co. — Tourmalines  of  Mount 

Mica,  Maine. — Silicified  wood  of  Arizona .  412 

Miscellaneous  Minerals  : 

Ambly gonite. — Spodumene.  — Columbite. — Pectolite.  — V anadinite ,  Stro- 
meyerite,  Fluorspar. — Gadolinite,  Lepidolite. — Wulfenite,  Descloizite, 
and  Dechinite.— Ulexite,  borax,  etc. — Arragonite. — Red  Tourma¬ 
lines. — Uintahite. — Vanadinite .  415 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  365 

Statistical  Tables: 

I.  Approximate  distribution  in  round  numbers  of  the  product  of  gold  and 

silver  in  the  United  States  during  the  calendar  year  1887 .  416 

II.  Production  of  gold  and  silver  in  the  United  States  from  the  organiza¬ 
tion  of  the  mint  in  1792  to  1844  and  annually  since .  417 

III.  Gold  and  silver  coinage  at  the  mints  of  the  United  States  for  the  cal¬ 

endar  year  1888 .  418 

IV.  Dividend  paid  by  some  American  mines  in  the  year  1888,  and  the 

total  to  date  for  the  mines  named .  418 

Y.  Dividends  by  States,  1884  to  1888 . . . .  420 

VI.  Assessments  levied  or  calls  upon  the  shareholders  by  mining  compa¬ 
nies  in  1888  .  420 

VII.  Statistics  of  the  production  of  gold,  silver,  lead,  and  copper  in  the 
States  and  Territories  west  of  the  Missouri  River  during  the  year  1888, 
with  statistics  of  Mexican  production.— Annual  statement  of  W.  J. 

Valentine,  of  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co .  420 

Alphabetical  List  of  the  Exhibitors,  Contributors,  and  Collectors. — 
Collective  Exhibition  to  illustrate  the  Mineral  Resources 
of  the  United  States . 424 


366 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


LETTER  TRANSMITTING  REPORT. 


Mill  Rock,  New  Haven,  Conn.,  May  1,  1889. 

Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  submit  herewith  my  report  upon  the  collection  of  ores 
and  of  statistical  information  to  illustrate,  at  the  Paris  Exposition,  the  variety  and 
extent  of  the  mineral  resources  of  the  United  States. 

Considering  the  wide  geographical  distribution  of  our  mineral  products  and  the 
limited  time,  and  the  space  in  the  Exposition  at  command,  it  was  deemed  ex¬ 
pedient  to  rely  chiefly  upon  the  presentation  of  statistical  information,  and  to  con¬ 
fine  the  objective  representation  to  ore  samples  of  moderate  size,  and  to  secure  them 
generally  from  some  of  the  leading  producing  properties  of  the  country.  A  general 
invitation  to  send  specimens  was,  however,  extended  to  mine  owners  and  mining 
companies  throughout  the  United  States. 

In  order  to  arouse  attention  to  this  opportunity,  and  to  give  information  regard¬ 
ing  the  Exposition,  and  to  secure  important  exhibits  in  all  of  the  groups,  I  visited, 
at  your  request,  some  of  the  chief  mining  centers  of  the  Western  States  and  Terri¬ 
tories,  going  to  the  Pacific  coast  over  the  Northern  Pacific  Railroad  through  Da¬ 
kota,  Montana,  Idaho,  Washington  Territory,  and  Oregon,  thence  through  California 
to  San  Francisco,  and  returning  by  way  of  Arizona  and  New  Mexico.  Invitations 
to  exhibit  samples  of  our  mineral  products  were  extended  to  the  public  in  the  name 
of  the  Commission  through  the  local  journals.  There  were,  however,  but  few  re¬ 
sponses  and  most  of  the  specimens  secured  are  the  result  of  direct  personal  applica¬ 
tion  and  solicitation.  The  very  great  expense  of  the  transmission  of  heavy  speci¬ 
mens,  or  collections  of  samples,  from  remote  points  was  a  serious  bar  to  the  accumu¬ 
lation  of  a  quantity  of  specimens.  In  respect  of  quantity,  the  collection  may  be 
considered  as  meager  in  comparison  with  the  extent  and  variety  of  our  mineral 
products,  but  it  may  serve  to  exemplify,  in  part,  the  statistics  of  our  mineral  pro¬ 
duction,  the  value  of  which  production  last  year,  in  1888,  was  the  largest  in  our 
history  and  reached  the  sum  of  over  five  hundred  and  ninety  millions  of  dollars. 

Acknowledgments  for  co-operation  in  securing  specimens  for  the  collection  and 
for  statistical  information  are  due  specially  to  Mr.  R.  C.  Chambers,  Salt  Lake  City; 
Joseph  R.  Walker  and  W.  F.  Hall,  Walkerville,  Mont. ;  S.  G.  Reed,  Portland,  Oregon; 
J.  B.  Haggin,  Alvinza  Hayward,  I.  B.  Randol,  General  J.  F.  Houghton,  Sidney  M. 
Smith,  and  Prof.  Thomas  Price,  San  Francisco,  Cal.;  Robert  M.  Olyphant,  presi¬ 
dent  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal  Company,  New  York;  Charles  A.  Ashburner, 
Pittsburgh,  Pa. ;  James  M.  Swank,  manager  Iron  and  Steel  Association,  Philadel¬ 
phia,  Pa.;  Prof.  J.  P.  Kimball,  Director  U.  S.  Mint,  Washington;  and  to  Dr.  A.  C. 
Hamlin,  of  Bangor,  Me. 

Very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 


Wm.  P.  BLAKE, 

Special  Agent  for  Mineral  Collection. 


General  W.  B.  Franklin, 

United  States  Commissioner-General,  etc.,  Paris  Exposition,  1889. 


MINERAL  PRODUCTS  OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


GENERAL  STATEMENT  OF  AGGREGATE  VALUE  ANNUALLY. 

The  total  value  of  the  mineral  products  of  the  United  States  in  the  year  1887 
reached  the  large  sum  of  $542,284,225.  In  the  year  1888  the  value  exceeded 
$590,000,000,  as  shown  in  the  following  table: 


Value  of  the  mineral  products  of  the  United  States  for  the  year  1888. 


I— METALLIC  PRODUCTS. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Pig  iron,  spot  value . 

Silver,  coining  value . 

Gold,  coining  value  . 

Copper,  value  at  New  York . 

Lead,  value  at  New  York . 

Zinc,  Value  at  New  York . 

Quicksilver,  at  San  Francisco . . . . 

Nickel,  at  Philadelphia . 

Aluminum,  at  Philadelphia . 

Antimony,  at  San  Francisco . 

Platinum,  at  New  York  . 

. troy  ounces. . 

. pounds. . 

. .  . do _ 

. tons  of  2,000  pounds. . 

6,489,738 
45, 783, 632 
1,604,927 
231,270,622 
180, 555 
55,903 
33,250 
195, 182 
19,000 
100 

500 

$107,000,000 
59, 195, 000 
33, 175, 000 
33, 833, 954 
15, 924, 951 
5, 500, 855 
1,413,125 
115,518 
65,000 
20,000 
2,000 

Total  va.lii,^  .  . 

256, 245, 403 

II.— NON-METALLIC  PRODUCTS. 


Bituminous  coal . tons  of  2,240  pounds. . 

Anthracite  coal . do - 

Other  mineral  products . . . 

91,106,998 
41,624, 610 

$122,497,341 

89,020,483 

117,306,704 

Total  value . 

328,914,528 

RfiSUMfi. 


Metals . $256,245,403 

Non-metallic  mineral  products .  .  328, 914, 528 

Mineral  products  unspecified  (estimated) .  6, 500, 000 

Total  value  of  all  mineral  products .  591, 659, 931 


Some  of  the  details  of  production  upon  which  these  figures  are  based  will  be 
found  in  the  following  pages  under  the  appropriate  heads.  Free  use  has  been  made 
of  the  official  statistics  published  annually  by  the  United  States,*  to  which  numer¬ 
ous  specialists  in  various  parts  of  the  United  States  are  the  chief  contributors,  but 
the  volume  for  the  year  1888  has  not  yet  been  printed. 


*  Issued  from  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  “Division  of  Mining  Statistics 
and  Technology,”  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey.  Five  volumes,  com¬ 
mencing  in  1883,  have  been  published,  the  last  being  for  the  year  1887. 


367 


368 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Value  of  the  Mineral  Products 

[From  the  official  publication  of  the  Division  of  Mining 


Products. 


1882. 


Quantity.  Yalue 


1883. 


Quantity.  Value 


Metallic. 

Pig-iron,  spot  value1 . long  tons  2  . 

Silver,3  coining  value . troy  ounces. 

Gold,  coining  value  4 .  do . 

Copper,5  value  at  New  York  City . pounds. 

Lead,  value  at  New  York  City . short  tons. 

Zinc,  value  at  New  York  City . do. . . 

Quicksilver,  value  at  San  Francisco  . . .  flasks  6 . 

Nickel,7  value  at  Philadelphia . .'.  .pounds. 

Aluminum,  value  at  Philadelphia,  troy  ounces. . 
Antimony,  value  at  San  Francisco,  .short tons. 
Platinum,  value  (crude)  at  New  York  City 
. troy  ounces . 

Total  value  of  metallic  products . 


4,623. 
36, 197: 
1,572! 
91,646: 
132, 
33, 
52, 
281, 
(8) 


323 

695 

186 

232 

890 

765 

732 

616 

60 

200 


$106,336,429 
46,800,000 
32, 500, 000 
16,038,091 
12, 624, 550 
3,646,620 
1,487,042 


12,000 

600 


4, 595, 510 
35^  733, 622 
1,451,249 
117,151,795 
143.957 
36,872 
46,725 
'  58,800 
1,000 
60 

200 


$91,910,200 
46,200,000 
30, 000, 000 
18,064,807 
12,322,719 
3,311,106 
1,253,632 
52, 920 
875 

12,000 

600 


219,755,109 


203, 128, 859 


Non-metallic  ( spot  values). 

Bituminous  coal 9 . long  tons 

Pennsylvania  anthracite . do _ 

Building  stone . . . . 

Lime . barrels 12 

Petroleum . do13. . 

Natural  gas . . . 

Cement . barrels 1 4 

Salt  . do15.. 

Limestone  for  iron  flux . long  tons 

South  Carolina  phosphate  rock . do _ 

Zinc- white . short  tons 

Mineral  waters  . . gallons  sold 

Borax . pounds 

Gypsum . short  tons 

Manganese  ore . long  tons 

Mineral  paints . do _ 

New  Jersey  marls . short  tons 

Pyrites . long  tons 

Flint . .clo _ 

Mica . .  . pounds 

Corundum . shor^  tons 

Sulphur . do _ 

Precious  stones . 

Gold-quartz,  souvenirs,  jewelry,  etc . 

Crude  barytes . long  tons 

Bromine . pounds 

Feldspar . long  tons 

Chrome  iron  ore . do _ 

Graphite . pounds 

Fluorspar . short  tons 

Slatei  ground  as  a  pigment . long  tons 

Cobalt  oxide .  . . pounds 

Novaculite . do. . . 

Asphaltum . short  tons 

Asbestus . do _ 

Rutile . pounds 


Total  value  non-metallic  mineral  products 

Total  value  mineral  products . 

Estimated  value  mineral  products  unspecified 17 


60,861,190 

31,358,264 


31,000,000 

30,053,500 


3,250,000 
6, 412, 373 
3,850,000 
332,077 
10,000 


76,076,487 
70, 556, 094 
21,000,000 
21,700,000 
23,704,698 
215,000 
3, 672, 750 
4, 340, 140 
2,310,000 
1,992, 462 
700,000 


68,531,500 
34, 336,469 


32,000,000 

23,400,229 


4,236,291 


338,903 


4,190,000 
6, 192, 231 
3, 814, 273 
378,380 
12,000 
7, 529,423 
6,500,000 


82,237,800 
77,257,055 
20,000,000 
19,200,000 
25, 740, 252 
475, 000 
4,293, 500 
4,211,042 
1,907, 136 
2,270,280 
840,000 
1,119, 603 
585,000 


3,500 

7,000 

1,080,000 

12,000 

25,000 

100,000 

500 

600 


20,000 

250,000 

14,000 

2,500 

425,000 

4,000 

2,000 

11,653 


52,500 
105,000 
540,000 
72,000 
100,000 
250,000 
80,000 
21,000 
75, 000 
75,000 
80,000 
75,000 
70,000 
50,000 
34,000 
20,000 
24, 000 
32, 046 


8,000 

7,000 

972,000 

25,000 

25,000 

114,000 

550 

1,000 


27,000 
301,100 
14, 100 
3,000 
575,000 
4,000 
2,000 
1,096 


120,000 
84,000 
486,000 
137, 500 
100,000 
285,000 
100,000 
27,000 
74,050 
115,000 
108,000 
72,264 
71,112 
60,000 
46, 000 
20,000 
24,000 
2,795 


3,000 

1,200 

500 


10,500 

36,000 

1,800 


3,000 

1,000 

550 


10, 500 
30,000 
2,000 


228,410,380 

219,755,109 

8,000,000 


242,111,889 
203, 128,859 
8,000,000 


Grand  total 


456,165,489 


453,240,748 


7By  “spot”  value  is  meant  value  at  the  point  of 
production. 

2  “  Long  ”  tons  are  tons  of  2,240  avoirdupois  pounds; 
“short”  tons  are  tons  of  2,000  avoirdupois  pounds. 

3  $1.2929  per  troy  ounce. 

4  $20.6718  per  troy  ounce. 

5  Including  copper  made  from  imported  pyrites. 

8  Of  76.i-  avoirdupois  pounds  net. 

7  Including  nickel  and  copper-nickel  alloy,  and  in 
exported  ore  and  matte. 

8  Not  reported. 

9  Including  brown  coal  and  lignite,  and  small  lots  of 
anthracite  mined  elsewhere  than  in  Pennsylvania. 


10  The  commercial  product  of  bituminous 
coal,  that  is,  the  amount  marketed,  was  only: 


Years. 

Quantity. 

Yalue. 

1882 . 

57,963,038 

$72,453,797 

1883 . 

65,030, 171 

78,036,205 

1884 . 

66,809,356 

70,149,824 

1885 . 

63, 569, 284 

80,640,564 

1886 . 

63, 380, 119 

75,554,629 

1887 . 

75,454,464 

94,230,752 

REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M. 


369^ 


of  the  United  States,  1882-1887. 

Statistics,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  October  15, 1888. J 


1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

1 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value.  J 

4, 097, 868 

$73,761,624 

4,044,525 

$64,712,400 

5,683,329 

$95,195,760 

6,417,148 

$121,925,800 

37, 744, 605 

48, 800, 000 

39, 910, 279 

51,600,000 

39,445,312 

51,000,000 

41,269,240 

53,441,300 

1,489,949 

30,800,000 

1,538,376 

31,801,000 

1,881,250 

35,000,000 

1,596,500 

33,100,000 

147,805,407 

18, 106, 162 

170,962,607 

18,292, 999 

161,235,381 

16, 527, 651 

184, 670, 524 

21,052,440 

139, 897 

10, 537, 042 

129, 412 

10,469,431 

135, 629 

12, 667, 749 

160, 700 

14,463,000 

38, 534 

3.422,707 

40, 688 

3,539,856 

42, 641 

3,752,408 

50, 340 

4, 782, 300 

31,913 

936, 327 

32,073 

979, 189 

29, 981 

1,060,000 

33, 825 

1,429,000 

64, 550 

48,412 

277, 904 

191,753 

214, 992 

127,157 

205,556 

133, 200 

1.800 

1,350 

3,400 

2, 550 

27,000 

74, 905 

60 

12,000 

50 

10,000 

35 

7,000 

75 

15, 500 

150 

450 

250 

187 

50 

100 

448 

1,838 

186, 426, 074 

181,599,365 

215,364,825 

250, 419, 283 

73,730, 539 

77,417,066 

64,840, 668 

82, 347, 648 

65,810,676 

78,481,056 

1 1°78,470,857 

98, 004, 656 

33, 175,756 

66,351,512 

34,228,548 

76.671,948 

34,853,077 

76,119,120 

1137,578,747 

84, 552, 181 

19, 000, 000 

19, 000, 000 

19,000,000 

25, 000, 000 

37,000,000 

18| 500, 000 

40,000,000 

20,  (XX).  000 

’42,500,000 

21,250,000 

46,750, 666 

23, 375, 000 

24,089,758 

20,476,294 

21,842,041 

19, 193,  694 

28,110,115 

20, 028, 457 

28, 249, 597 

18, 856, 606 

1,460,000 

4. 854, 200 

9, 847, 150 

15, 838, 500 

4,000,000 

3,720,000 

4,150,000 

3, 492, 500 

4,500,000 

3, 990, 000 

6,692,744 

5,186,877 

6,514,937 

4,197,734 

7,038,653 

4,825,345 

7, 707, 081 

4, 736, 585 

7,831,962 

4, 093, 846 

3,401,930 

1,700, 965 

3,356,956 

1,678,478 

4,717,163 

2, 830, 297 

5,377,000 

3,226,200 

431,779 

2,374,784 

437, 856 

2, 846, 064 

430, 549 

1,872, 936 

480, 558 

1,836,818 

13,000 

910,000 

15, 000 

1,050,000 

18, 000 

1,440,000 

18,000 

1,440,000 

10,215,328 

1,459,143 

9, 148, 401 

1,312,845 

8, 950, 317 

1,284.070 

8, 259, 609 

1,261,473 

7,000,000 

490,000 

8,000,000 

480, 000 

9,778,290 

488, 915 

11,000,000 

550, 000 

90, 405 

405,000 

95, 250 

428  625 

95,000 

425,000 

10,000 

120,000 

23, 258 

190, 281 

30, 193 

277,  636 

34, 524 

333, 844 

7,000 

84,000 

3, 950 

43, 575 

15, 800 

285,000 

20, 000 

310, 000 

875,000 

437,500 

875,000 

437, 500 

800, 000 

400, 000 

600,000 

300, 000 

35,000 

175,000 

49,000 

220,500 

55,000 

247, 500 

52,500 

210,000 

30,000 

120,000 

30,000 

120, 000 

30,000 

120,000 

32,000 

185, 000 

147,410 

368,525 

92,000 

161,000 

40, 000 

70,000 

70,500 

142, 250 

600 

108,000 

600 

108, 000 

645 

116,190 

600 

108, 000 

500 

12,000 

715 

17, 875 

2,500 

75,000 

3,000 

100,000 

82.975 

69, 900 

79. 056 

88, 600 

140,000 

140, 000 

40, 000 

75  000 

25,000 

100,000 

15,000 

75, 000 

10,000 

50, 000 

15,000 

75,000 

281,100 

67,464 

310,000 

89,900 

428,334 

141 , 350 

199,087 

61,717 

10, 900 

55,112 

13,600 

68,000 

14, 900 

74,500 

10,200 

56, 100 

2,000 

35,000  | 

2,700 

40, 000 

2,000 

30,000 

3,000 

40,000 

327,883 

26, 231 

415, 525 

33  242 

416, 000 

34, 000 

4,000 

20,000 

5,000 

22, 500 

5,000 

22’  500 

5’ 000 

20j  000 

2,000 

20,000 

1,975 

24, 687 

3,000 

30, 000 

2,000 

20,000 

2,000 

5,100 

68,723 

65, 373 

i636.878 

1618, 340 

18.774 

1,000.000 

15, 000 

i,  160, 665 

15,000 

1,200,000 

16, 000 

3,000 

10, 500 

3,000 

10, 500 

3,500 

14!  000 

4’ 000 

16^  000 

1,000 

30,000 

300 

9,000 

200 

6,000 

150 

4,500 

600 

2,000 

600 

2,000 

600 

2,000 

1,000 

3,000 

220, 050, 674 

240, 114, 544 

( 

243,963,063 

285  864  942 

186, 426, 074 

181, 599, 365 

215’  364’  825 

250!  419’  283 

. 

7, 000, 000 

7, 000, 000 

6, 000'  000 

6,’  000’  000 

413, 476, 748 

428,713,909 

465,327,888 

542,284,225 

i 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

8 

9 

io- 

ii 


12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 

18 

19 

20 
21 
22 

23 

24 

25 

26 

27 

28 

29 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

35 


37 

38- 

39 

40 

41 
42' 
43- 
44 
45- 
46 
47' 


n  The  commercial  product  of  anthracite,  that 
is,  the  amount  marketed,  was  only: 


Years. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

1882 . 

29, 120, 096 

$65,520,216 

1883 . 

31,793,027 

71,534,311 

1884 . 

30,718,293 

61, 436, 586 

1885 . 

32, 265, 421 

72,274,544 

1886 . 

32,764,710 

71,558, 126 

1887 . 

35,273,442 

79, 365, 244 

13  Of  200  pounds.  13  Of  42  gallons. 


14  Of  300  pounds  for  natural  cement,  and  400  pounds- 
for  artificial  Portland. 

15  Of  280  pounds  net. 

16  Including  cobalt  oxide  in  ore  and  matte. 

17  Including,  except  where  an  amount  is  specified  in' 
the  table,  fire-clay,  kaolin,  potter’s  clay,  common 
brick  clay,  terra  cotta,  building  sand,  glass  sand, 
limestone  used  as  flux  in  lead  smelting,  limestone  in 
glass  making,  iron  ore  used  as  flux  in  lead  smelting, 
marls  (other  than  New  Jersey),  gypsum,  tin  ore,  irid- 
osmine,  mill  buhrstone  and  stone  for  making  grind¬ 
stones,  novaculite,  lithographic  stone,  talc  and  soap¬ 
stone,  quartz,  nitrate  of  soda,  carbonate  of  soda, 
sulphate  of  soda,  native  alum,  ozocerite,  mineral  soap, 
strontia,  infusorial  earth  and  tripoli,  pumice-stone, 
sienna,  umber,  zinc- white,  and  mineral  waters. 


H.  Ex.  410 - 24 


GEOGRAPHIC  DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  MINERAL  PRODUCTS 
OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


The  general  geographic  distribution  of  the  useful  ores  and  metals  of  the  United 
States  may  be  said  to  be  coincident  with  the  mountain  regions.  The  meridional 
extension  of  the  mountain  system  of  America  and  the  many  parallel  ranges  of 
elevation,  each  with  differences  in  the  rocks  and  geologic  conditions,  determine  to 
a  great  degree  a  meridional  distribution  of  the  ores  and  metals  and  a  difference 
in  the  nature  of  the  ores  in  the  different  mountain  ranges.  In  the  comparatively 
modern  rocks  of  the  coast  ranges  of  California  we  find  some  of  the  more  volatile 
and  soluble  minerals — for  example,  quicksilver,  antimony,  sulphur,  borax,  salt,  and 
other  chlorides.  We  have  also  petroleum  and  bitumen  and  a  variety  of  mineral 
waters. 

In  the  Triassic  beds  of  the  Piedmont  region  of  the  Sierra  Nevada  copper  sulphides 
are  abundant,  and  are  bordered  by  the  great  belt  of  gold-bearing  veins,  in  which 
free  metallic  gold  is  the  characteristic  form  of  occurrence,  while  the  pyiites  in 
association  rarely  exceeds  2  per  cent.  Covering  the  divide  of  the  Sierra  Nevada 
and  descending  the  eastern  side  silver-bearing  veins  appear,  carrying  gold  also,  but 
generally  alloyed  with  silver,  as  in  the  Comstock  lode. 

In  the  region  of  the  Great  Basin — the  elevated  mountainous  plateau  of  the  inte¬ 
rior — traversed  by  the  ranges  of  the  Humboldt  and  the  Wasatch  systems,  silver¬ 
bearing  veins  with  the  usual  silver  minerals  are  characteristic,  while  lead  appears 
in  quantity,  generally  in  association  with  the  mountain  limestones.  In  the  Rocky 
Mountain  system  proper,  gold,  silver,  and  lead  occur  together  with  the  highly  pyritic 
and  sulphuretted  ores,  all  better  adapted  to  smelting  than  to  milling. 

In  the  Black  Hills  of  Dakota,  where  all  the  geologic  formations  crop  in  concen¬ 
tric  outcrops  around- an  insular  nucleus  of  ancient  Montalban  and  Huronian  schists, 
nearly  all  known  metals  and  ores  occur,  while  tin  has  been  found  in  promising 
quantities  in  the  ancient  rocks. 

A  new  silver  lead  region  has  been  developed  in  the  northwest  along  the  slopes  of 
the  Coeur  d’Alenes  and  beyond  the  copper  and  silver  region  of  Montana,  now  one 
of  the  foremost  producers  of  the  precious  metals.  The  area  of  productive  mining 
country  is  rapidly  extending  to  the  northwest,  and  new  smelting  establishments  are 
erecting  on  the  Upper  Missouri  and  at  Puget  Sound. 

Alaska  is  adding  to  the  influx  of  gold,  and  large  deposits  of  lead  ore  and  of  cop¬ 
per  are  reported. 

At  the  extreme  south  the  gold  and  silver  lodes  of  Arizona  are  receiving  increased 
attention,  and  many  of  the  silver  mines  of  Mexico  are  being  worked  by  American 
capital.  Thus  gold,  silver,  copper,  and  lead  are  found  throughout  the  western 
United  States  from  Mexico  to  the  northern  boundary  and  even  to  the  Arctic  circle. 

Iron  ores  are  also  widely  distributed,  but  are  not  yet  utilized  to  a  great  extent  in 
the  West.  A  region  of  enormous  beds  of  magnetite  surrounded  by  a  coal  region  is 
found  in  southern  Utah,  but  is  not  yet  worked.  The  iron  ores  of  the  Puget  Sound 
country  and  of  Oregon  are  beginning  to  be  developed.  Michigan,  Wisconsin,  Mis- 

371 


372 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


souri,  and  Minnesota  continue  to  send  out  enormous  quantities  of  iron  ore,  and  the 
iron  region  of  Alabama  lias  been  rapidly  developed. 

But  the  mineral  wealth  of  the  country  is  not  confined  to  the  mountain  regions. 
The  valleys  and  the  great  intermediate  plains'generally  are  vast  store-houses  of  coal, 
petroleum,  fuel  gas,  and  salt.  Coal  abounds  in  the  cretaceous  formation  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains  upon  both  slopes,  and  affords  a  superior  coke,  which  is  exten¬ 
sively  used  in  the  smelting  furnaces  of  the  West.  In  the  great  Puget  Sound  coun¬ 
try  coal  is  very  abundant  and  of  excellent  quality. 

The  construction  of  transcontinental  railways  has  opened  up  enormous  regions 
before  comparatively  inaccessible,  and  has  made  it  possible  to  work  many  mineral 
districts  which,  without  steam  transportation,  would  lie  dormant. 

Amongst  the  more  notable  metallurgical  advances  in  the  United  States  since  the 
Exposition  of  1878,  the  utilization  of  natural  combustible  gas  should  be  especially 
mentioned.  It  marks  a  new  era  in  the  history  of  Pittsburgh  and  the  region  to  which 
the  gas  can  be  carried  in  pipes. 

The  vast  system  of  transportation  of  petroleum  in  pipes,  even  to  the  sea-board,  is 
extremely  interesting  and  of  the  utmost  industrial  importance.  The  cheaper  oils 
are  now  used  to  a  considerable  extent  as  fuel.  A  new  oil  region  has  been  opened 
in  Colorado,  and  the  oil  regions  of  California  are  producing. 

The  extraction  of  silver  by  lixiviation  has  received  increased  attention,  and  the 
process  devised  by  Russell  has  been  introduced  at  some  of  the  silver  mines  with 
marked  economy  and  success.* 

The  American  stamp  mill  has  been  further  improved,  and  is  justly  regarded  as 
superior  to  those  of  other  countries.  Such  mills  are  now  being  introduced  in  some 
of  the  oldest  mining  centers  of  Europe,  and  are  being  erected  under  the  supervision 
of  American  mining  engineers.  Rock  drills,  channeling  machines  for  marble 
quarries,  and  some  forms  of  automatic  concentrating  machines  have  been  carried 
to  great  perfection  and  the  multiple  jaw-breaker  for  fine  crushing  worthily  supple¬ 
ments  the  single  jaw-crusher  of  world- wide  celebrity  for  its  economy  of  energy  and 
material. 

Great  advance  has  also  been  made  in  the  transmission  of  electrical  energy  to  great 
distances  and  in  the  application  of  this  energy  to  mining  work.  On  the  Comstock 
lode  a  mill  at  the  surface  is  successfully  run  by  the  power  derived  from  electric  cur¬ 
rents  generated  by  dynamos  1,600  feet  or  more  below,  moved  by  a  small  stream 
of  water  under  great  pressure  and  discharging  into  the  Sutro  tunnel.  It  is  reported 
that  a  saving  is  effected  of  one-half  the  usual  cost  of  steam  power. 

COAXi. 

By  the  courtesy  of  Mr.  Charles  A.  Ashburner  *  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  I  am  able  to 
present  the  following  from  advanced  sheets,  upon  the  production  of  coal  in  the 
United  States  in  1888: 

“  The  following  statistics  have  been  compiled  principally  from  incomplete  returns 
received  from  State  officials,  from  the  operators  of  individual  coal  mines,  and  from 
railroad  agents.  They  are  presen  ted  in  this  brief  preliminary  report  as  provisional 
estimates  in  advance  of  the  full  and  complete  returns  which  will  appear  in  the  final 
report,  ‘  Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States,  1888.’ 

“The  total  production  of  all  kinds  of  commercial  coal  in  1888  was  188,515,744 
short  tons  (increase  over  1887,  14,500,489  tons),  valued  at  the  mines  at  $200,534,30(1 
(increase,  $26,938,310).  This  may  be  divided  into  Pennsylvania  anthracite,  43,578,- 
000  short  tons  (increase,  4,071,745  short  tons),  or  38,909,000  long  tons,  including 
38,145,718  long  tons  shipped  by  the  railroads  and  canals,  and  reported  by  their  sta- 

*  Assistant  in  charge  of  Coal  Statistics,  U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  Division  of  Min¬ 
ing  Statistics  and  Technology. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  373 


tistician,  Mr.  John  H.  Jones  ;  and  763,282  long  tons  sold  to  the  local  trade  at  the 
mines  (increase,  3,635,558  long  tons),  valued  at  $84,977,100  (increase,  $5,611,856):  all 
other  coals,  including  bituminous,  brown  coal,  lignite,  small  lots  of  anthracite  pro¬ 
duced  in  Colorado  and  Arkansas,  and  6,500  tons  of  graphitic  coal  mined  in  Rhode 
Island,  amounting  in  the  aggregate  to  94,937,744  short  tons  (increase,  10,428,744 
tons),  valued  at  $115,557,206  (increase,  $21,326,454). 

*  •  The  colliery  consumption  at  the  individual  mines  varies  from  nothing  to  8  per 
cent,  of  the  total  output  of  the  mines,  being  greatest  at  spe.-ial  Pennsylvania  anthra¬ 
cite  mines,  and  lowest  at  those  bituminous  mines  where  the  coal  bed  lies  nearly 
horizontal,  and  where  no  steam  power  or  ventilating  furnaces  are  used.  The  aver¬ 
ages  for  the  different  States  vary  from  2  to  6-1i0-  per  cent. ,  the  minimum  average 
being  in  the  Pennsylvania  bituminous,  and  the  maximum  average  being  in  the 
Pennsylvania  anthracite  region. 

“  The  total  output  of  the  mines,  including  colliery  consumption,  was:  Pennsyl¬ 
vania  anthracite,  41.579,093  long  tons  (increase  over  1887,  4,000,253  long  tons),  or 
46,568,000  short  tons  (increase,  4,479,803  short  tons);  all  other  coals,  98,795,744  short 
tons  (increase,  10,938,384  tons),  making  the  total  output  of  all  coals  from  mines  in 
the  United  States,  exclusive  of  slack  coal  thrown  on  the  dumps,  145,363,744  short 
tons  (increase,  15,388,187  tons),  valued  as  follows:  Anthracite,  $88,714,600  (increase, 
$4,162,419);  bituminous,  $119,415,208  (increase,  $21,410,550);  total  value,  $208,129,- 
806  (increase,  $25,572,969).  The  above  figures  show  a  notable  increase  in  1888  over 
1887  in  the  aggregate  output  and  value  of  both  anthracite  and  bituminous  coal, 
although  not  as  great  an  increase  as  occurred  in  1887  over  1886  in  the  value  of  the 
anthracite,  or  in  the  total  tonnage  of  the  bituminous  coal.” 

The  total  production  and  the  spot  value  in  each  State  and  Territory  are  shown  in 
the  following  table  : 


Production  of  coal  in  the  United  States  in  1888  and  1887. 


States  and  Territories. 

1888. 

1887. 

Quantity. 

Value 
at  mines. 

Quantity. 

Value 
at  mines. 

Pennsylvania — 

Short  tons. 

Short  tons. 

Anthracite . 

43, 578, 000 

$84, 977, 100 

39,506,255 

$79, 365, 244 

Bituminous . 

32,500,000 

30, 875, 000 

30, 866, 602 

27,806, 941 

Ohio . 

11,950, COO 

11,114,000 

10,301,708 

9,096,848 

Illinois . 

11,855,188 

13, 309, 030 

10,278,890 

11,152,596 

West  Virginia . 

5, 498, 800 

6,048,680 

4,836,820 

4,594,979 

Iowa . 

4. 842, 220 

6,304,110 

4,473,828 

5, 991,735 

Maryland . 

3,479,470 

3,293,070 

3, 278, 023 

3,114,122 

Indiana . 

3, 140, 979 

4, 397, 370 

3,217, 711 

4,324,604 

Missouri .  . 

3, 909, 967 

8, 650, 000 

3, 209, 916 

4,298,994 

Kentucky . 

2,570,000 

3, 084, 000 

1, 933, 185 

2,233,153 

Alabama . 

2, 900,000 

3,335,000 

1,950,000 

2, 535,000 

Tennessee . 

1,967,297 

2, 164, 026 

1,900,000 

2,470,000 

Colorado  ...  . 

2, 185, 477 

4, 808, 049 

1,791,735 

3,941,817 

Kansas . 

1,850,000 

2,775,000 

1 , 596, 879 

2,235,631 

Wyoming . 

1,480, 487 

4,811,583 

1,170, 318 

3, 510, 954 

Virginia . 

1,073, 000 

1,073,000 

825,263 

773, 360 

Washington . 

1,215,750 

3, 647, 250 

772,612 

1,699,746 

Indian  Territory . 

891,000 

1,737,450 

685,911 

1,296,692 

‘New  Mexico . 

635, 042 

2, 063, 887 

508,034 

1,524, 102 

Georgia . 

230, 000 

345,000 

313, 715 

470,573 

Utah . . . 

205, 000 

430, 500 

180, 021 

360,042 

Arkansas . 

193,000 

289, 500 

150,000 

252,500 

374 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Production  of  coal  in  the  United  States  in  1888  and  1887 — Continued. 


States  and  Territories. 

1888. 

1887. 

Quantity. 

Value 
at  mines. 

Quantity. 

j  Value 

!  at  mines. 

Short  tons. 

Short  tons. 

Texas . 

90,000 

$184,500 

75, 000 

$150,000 

Michigan . 

65, 000 

104,000 

71,461 

107,191 

California . 

85, 000 

340,000 

50,000 

150, 000 

Oregon . . . 

50,000 

150, 000 

31,696 

70,000 

Dakota .  . 

25,000 

43, 750 

21,470 

32,205 

Montana . . 

41,467 

155, 501 

10,202 

35, 707 

Rhode  Island . 

6,500 

17, 875 

6,000 

16,250 

Nebraska . 

1,500 

3, 375 

1,500 

3,000 

Idaho . . 

600 

3 

o 

500 

2, 000 

Total,  exclusive  of  colliery  consumption . 

138, 515, 744 

200,534,306 

124, 015, 255 

173, 595, 996 

Colliery  consumption— 

Pennsylvania  anthracite . 

2, 990, 000 

3,737. 500 

2, 581,942 

5, 186, 937 

Bituminous,  in  all  States  and  Territories. . 

3, 858, 000 

3, 858, 000 

3,378,360 

3, 773, 904 

Grand  total . 1 

145, 363, 744 

208, 129, '  06  [ 

129, 975, 557 

182, 556, 837 

The  chief  anthracite  coal-fields  of  the  United  States  are  in  the  State  of  Pennsyl¬ 
vania,  and  have  an  area  in  the  aggregate  of  less  than  500  square  miles.  The  pro¬ 
duction  for  the  year  1888,  shipped  by  railway  and  canal,  was  '38,145,718  long  tons, 
the  largest  output  in  the  history  of  the  anthracite  industry.  It  has  grown  to  these 
proportions  since  the  year  1820,  when  only  365  tons  were  mined.  The  production 
for  each  year  since  that  time  and  the  aggregate  production  of  the  different  regions 
shipped  by  rail  and  canal  is  shown  by  the  table  annexed,  supplied  by  the  courtesy 
of  the  Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal  Company,  the  contributor  to  the  collection  of 
the  interesting  suite  of  specimens  showing  the  physical  characters  of  anthracite. 

The  chemical  composition  of  anthracite  from  some  of  the  principal  beds  in  each 
of  the  chief  coal-fields  has  been  determined  by  Charles  A.  Ashburner,  of  the  Geo¬ 
logical  Survey  of  Pennsylvania,  as  follows: 

Analyses  of  anthracite  coals. 


No.  of 
spec. 

Name  of  coal¬ 
bed. 

Name  of  coal¬ 
field. 

Water. 

Volatile 

matter. 

Fixed 

carbon. 

Sul¬ 

phur. 

Ash. 

Total. 

Spec. 

grav¬ 

ity. 

3 

Wharton . 

Eastern  middle. 

3.713 

3.080 

86.404 

.  585 

6.218 

100 

1.620 

5 

Mammoth 

. . .  do . 

4.119 

3.084 

86. 379 

.496 

5.922 

100 

1.617 

2 

Primrose . 

Western  middle. 

3.541 

3. 716 

81.590 

.499 

10. 654 

100 

1.654 

5 

Mammoth  .... 

.  .do . 

3.163 

3. 717 

81.143 

.899 

11.078 

100 

1.657 

2 

Primrose . 

(Fj  Southern. . . . 

3. 008 

4.125 

87. 982 

.506 

4.379 

100 

1.584 

2 

Buck  Mountain. 

Western  middle. 

3.042 

3.949 

82. 662 

.462 

9.885 

100 

1.667 

1 

Seven-foot . 

. . . do . 

3.410 

3. 978 

80. 868 

.512 

11.232 

100 

1.651 

7 

Mammoth . 

Southern  . 

3.087 

4.275 

83. 813 

.641 

8.184 

100 

1.631 

3 

Mammoth . 

Northern  . 

3.421 

3. 381 

83. 268 

.727 

8.203 

100 

1.575 

ANTHRACITE  COAL  TRADE  OF  THE 


REPORT  OP  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M. 


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1  Scranton  in  tons  of  2,000  pounds,  from  1856  to  1876,  inclusive. 

2  Decrease. 


ANTHRACITE  COAL  1'RADE  OF  tHe  UNITED  STATES— Continued. 


376  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Average 

gain  year 

by  year  in 
each  period. 

85,769 

314,144 

389,755 

412,315 

319,676 

Increase  in 
average  an¬ 
nual  deliv¬ 
ery  each 
period  over 

the  pre¬ 
ceding. 

428,848 

1,570,722 

1,948,775 

2,061,576 

1,598, 382 

Average  an¬ 
nual  deliv¬ 
ery  for  each 
period. 

1,165,504 

2, 736, 226 

4,685,001 

6,746,577 

8,344,959 

Aggregate  in 
each  period 
of  five  years. 

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JO  CO  o  00  os 

10i-l0  00  1> 

of  oo  of  03  e$ 

oo  o  Tt 

“  S3  8  §8  5 

Annual 

increase. 

Tons. 

46,087 

93,485 
149, 102 
155,538 
368, 130 
391,783 
320,940 
638,317 
106,929 
153,403 
11,780 
1,122,809 

548,565 

188,796 

638,878 

798,932 

199,241 

(2) 

70,845 

1,026,329 

613,718 

(2) 

6,802 

1,223, 199 

1,227,089 

Aggregate. 

865,414 
958,899 
1,108,001 
1,263,539 
1,631,669 
2,023,052 
2,343,992 
2, 982,303 
3,089,238 

3.242.541 
3,254,321 
4,377,130 
4, 925, 695 
5,114,491 
5,753,369 
6,552,301 

6.751.542 

6,420,342 

6,491,187 

7,517,516 

8, 131,234 

7.474.917 

7,481,719 

8.704. 918 

9,932,007 

Other 

regions. 

15, 505 
21,463 
57,346 
68,000 
127,993 
188,401 
205,075 
299,302 
256,627 
303,736 
276,339 
415,099 
439,342 
556,018 
676,689 
767, 156 
906,293 
759,556 
734,913 
981,252 
987, 687 

1,068,661 

1,223,629 

1,289,765 

1,785,681 

Central 
Railroad  of 

New  Jer¬ 
sey. 

1 Scranton. 

122,773 

332. 146 
530,950 

623. 146 
827,954 
667, 176 
769,001 
596, 121 
963,728 

Pittston. 

111,014 
316,017 
426, 164 
512, 659 
496, 648 
504,803 
612  500 
543,873 
630,056 

688.354 
701,523 
629, 657 

603. 354 
662,904 
759,544 

Delaware 
and  Hud¬ 
son, (Lacka¬ 
wanna. 

148,470 
192, 270 
205,253 
227,605 
251,005 
273, 535 
320,000 
386,203 
437,500 
454, 240 
432,339 
472, 478 
497,839 
494,327 
438,406 
565,460 
499,650 
480,677 
348,789 
591,000 
499,568 
726, 644 
644, 100 
828, 150 
852,130 

Lehigh 

Valley. 

225,318 
143,037 
272,546 
267,793 
377,002 
429,453 
528,002 
643,973 
680,746 
801,246 
722  622 
989,296 
1,114,026 
1,080,544 
1,246,418 
1,284,114 
1,351,970 
1,318,549 
1,380,030 
1,628,311 
1,821,674 
1,738. 377 
1,351,054 
1,894,713 
1,928,706 

Philadelphia 
and  Reading. 

452,291 
584,692 
540, 392 
677, 295 
839, 934 
1,083,796 
1,237,002 
1.583,374 

1 , 652, 835 
1,605,126 
1,712,087 
2, 184, 240 
2,452,026 
2,479,943 
2,895,202 
3,430,768 
3,258,356 
2,985,541 
2,866,449 
3,004,953 
3,292,828 
2, 644,402 
2,890,581 
3,433,265 
3,642,218 

Years. 

1840  .  .. 

1841  . 

1842  . 

1843  . 

1844  . 

1845  . 

1846  . 

1847  . 

1848  . 

1849  . 

1850  . 

1851  . 

1852  . 

1853  . 

1854........ 

1855  . 

1856  . 

1857  . 

1858  . 

1859  . 

1860  . 

1861 . 

1862 . 

1863  . 

1864  . 

REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  3  77 


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378 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


The  following  is  a  list  of  contributors  and  exhibitors : 

Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal  Company,  R.  M.  Olyphant,  president  Coal  and  Iron 

Exchange,  New  York. 

A  Series  of  Samples  of  Coal  cut  and  polished  to  illustrate  the  fracture, 
color,  and  density  of  anthracite: 

1  six-inch  block,  polished  on  five  sides. 

1  five-inch  block,  polished  on  one  side. 

1  four-inch  block,  polished  on  one  side,  for  paper- weigjit. 

1  five-inch  block,  polished  on  top  and  two  sides. 

1  double  inkstand,  turned  and  polished. 

3  single  inkstands,  turned  and  polished. 

1  turned  paper-weight. 

The  total  amount  of  anthracite  coal  produced  at  the  mines  of  this  company  dur¬ 
ing  the  year  1888  was  4,442,638  tons. 

West  Virginia  Central  Railway  Company,  G.  W.  Harrison,  general  traffic  agent. 

Piedmont,  West  Va 

Bituminous  Coal  from  the  Elk  Garden  Mines  (14-foot  vein). 

Bituminous  Coal  from  the  Davis  Mine  (11-foot  vein). 

Mitchell  Vance  &  Co.,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Columbia  Semi-Bituminous  Coal. 


IRON. 

The  Secretary  of  the  American  Iron  and  Steel  Association  *  estimates  the  con¬ 
sumption  of  iron  ore  in  the  United  States  in  1888  in  the  blast  furnaces  and  Catalan 
forges  and  for  fettling  purposes  at  12,650,000  gross  tons,  against  12,500,000  tons  in  1887 
and  a  little  over  11,000,000  tons  in  1886.  (The  imports  of  iron  ore  in  1888  amounted 
to  587,470  gross  tons.  This  amount  subtracted  from  the  amount  consumed  would 
leave  12,062,530  tons  as  the  production  of  domestic  mines  in  the  year  1888,  against 
11,300,000  in  1887,  and  10,000,000  tons  in  1886.)  The  following  table  shows  the 
amount  of  ore  shipped  in  1888  from  the  principal  iron-ore  producing  districts  of  the 
country: 


Shipments  of  iron  ore  from  leading  districts. 

Gross  tons. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

Lake  Superior  mines  of  Michigan  and  Wisconsin . 

3, 263, 626 

4,344, 651 

4,511,326 

Vermilion  Lake  mines  of  Minnesota . 

304,396 

394, 252 

511,953 

Missouri  mines . . 

379,776 

427, 785 

217, 931 

Cornwall  mines,  Pennsylvania . 

688,054 

667, 210 

722, 917 

New  Jersey  mines . . 

500, 501 

547, 889 

447,738 

Chateaugay  mines,  near  Lake  Champlain,  New  York . 

214, 800 

219,390 

132, 966 

Crown  Point  mines,  New  York . 

60,084 

64, 940 

67,  578 

Port  Henry  mines,  New  York . 

298, 868 

428,522 

419,009 

Other  Lake  Champlain  mines,  New  York . 

15,000 

29,000 

45,000 

Hudson  River  Ore  and  Iron  Company,  New  York . 

75,000 

142,422 

58,000 

Tilly  Foster  mines,  New  York . 

17,728 

14,316 

4,332 

Forest  of  Dean  mines,  New  York . 

18,000 

21,164 

12, 017 

Salisbury  region,  Connecticut . 

36,000 

30, 000 

32, 599 

Cranberry  mines,  North  Carolina . 

24, 106 

45,032 

10, 129 

*  James  M.  Swank,  secretary,  Annual  Statistical  Report,  April  i,  1889  (for  the  year  1888) . 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  379 


( 


Shipments  of  iron  ore  from  leading  districts. 

Gross  tons. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

Tennessee  Coal,  Iron,  and  Railroad  Company's  Inman  mines . 

Alleghany  County,  Virginia . 

Preston  County,  West  Virginia . 

81, 650 
(*) 

(*) 

(*) 

102,601 
150, 000 
15,408 
129, 000 

123, 159 
156, 126 
13, 260' 
134,932 

Calhoun  Etowah,  and  Shelby  Counties,  Alabama . 

Total  of  the  above  districts . 

5, 977, 589 

7,773, 582 

7,620,972 

*  Statistics  not  collected. 


The  same  authority  reports  the  production  of  the  leading  iron  and  steel  products, 
in  1888  in  comparison  with  the  figures  for  the  three  preceding  years,  as  follows: 


Net  tons  of  2,000  pounds  (except  nails). 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

Pig-iron . . 

4, 529, 869 

6,365, 328 

7,187,206 

7, 268,507 

Bessemer  steel  ingots . 

1,701,762 

2,541,493 

3,288,357 

GO 

O 

o 

Bessemer  steel  rails . 

1,074, 607 

1,763,667 

2,354,132 

1, 552, 631 

Onen-hearth  steel  ingots . 

149, 381 

245, 250 

CO 

o 

352, 036 

Open-hearth  steel  rails . 

4,793 

5, 255 

19,203 

5,261 

Crucible  steel  ingots . 

64, 5il 

80,609 

84, 421 

78,713 

Rolled  iron,  except  rails . 

1,789,711 

2,259,943 

2,565,438 

2, 397, 402 

Iron  rails . 

14, 815 

23,679  j 

23,082 

14, 252 

Kegs  of  cut  nails  (100  pounds) . 

6,696,815 

8,160,973 

6, 908, 870 

6,493,591 

Pig,  scrap,  and  ore  blooms  . 

41,700 

41,909 

43, 306 

39, 875 

The  total  production  of  pig-iron  was  7,268,507  net  tons,  or  6,489,738  gross  tons  (of 
2,240  pounds),  the  largest  yearly  production  ever  attained  in  the  United  States.  The 
geographical  distribution  of  the  sources  of  this  pig-iron  is  shown  as  follows : 


] 

States. 

Net  tons. 

States. 

Net  tons. 

Pennsylvania  . 

3,589,186 

1,103,818 

579,307 

Georgia . 

39, 397 

Ohio  . 

Connecticut  . 

21,644 

Illinois  . 

Colorado  . 

20, 877 
17,606 

Alabama 

449,492 

Maryland . 

Tennessee  . 

267,931 

Indiana . 

15,260 

13,248 

New  York 

257, 180 

Massachusetts  . 

Michigan . 

213, 251 

Texas  . 

6,587 

Virginia  ....  . 

197,396 

116,037 

Maine . 

5, 574 

Wisconsin . 

Washington  Territory . 

4,093 

New  Jersey . 

101,882 

Oregon  . 

2,509 

West  Virginia  . 

95, 259 

North  Carolina . 

2,400 

Missouri . . 

91,783 

Total . 

7, 268, 507 

Kentucky . 

56,790 

In  the  eight  years  since  1880  the  Southern  States  have  nearly  trebled  their  pro¬ 
duction.  The  number  of  furnaces  in  blast  at  the  close  of  the  year  1888  was  332. 
The  total  number  of  furnaces,  including  those  not  in  blast  and  erecting,  was  589. 

The  collection  is  without  examples  of  the  important  iron-ore  producing  regions  of 
Michigan,  of  Missouri,  and  Wisconsin,  or  of  Alabama  and  other  Southern  States. 

Chateaugay  Ore  and  Iron  Company,  Lyon  Mountain,  New  York,  Edward  Hall,. 
assistant  general  manager. 

Magnetic  Iron  Ore  and  samples  of  concentrates  from  the  company’s  mines. 
The  production  of  separated  ore  is  about  50,000  tons  per  annum.  The  leaner  ores,-. 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


•380 


•carrying  about  35  per  cent,  of  iron,  yield  about  one  ton  of  63  to  65  per  cent,  ore 
from  each  3  tons  treated.  It  is  first  crushed  small  in  Blake’s  multiple  jaw  crush¬ 
ers  and  then  jigged. 

Barnum  Richardson  Company,  Lime  Rock,  Conn. 

Limonite  Iron  Ore,  from  the  “  Old  Bed,”  Salisbury,  Conn. 

This  is  the  ore  famous  for  its  production  of  iron  of  superior  quality  in  colonial 
times  and  to  the  present  time,  especially  for  the  manufacture  of  cast  car-wheels. 

Dickerson  Suckasunny  Mining  Company. 

Magnetite  Iron  Ore,  Dickerson  Mine,  Ferromonte,  Morris  County,  N.  J.,  con¬ 
tributed  by  Mr.  Frederick  A.  Canfield. 

The  Dickerson  Mine  has  been  worked  since  the  year  1715.  It  is  now  800  feet 
deep,  and  produces  3,000  tons  of  iron  ore  a  month.  The  ore  is  used  in  the  furnaces 
at  Stanhope,  N.  J.,  and  in  many  of  those  on  the  Lehigh  River. 

Lincoln  Bessemer  Company,  Thomas  P.  Marshall,  secretary,  Trenton,  N.  J. 
Magnetic  Iron  Ore  from  Oxford  Township,  Warren  County,  N.  J. 

Magnetite-Crystalline,  Essex  County,  N.  Y.,  contributed  by  W.  P.  Blake. 
Interesting  by  reason  of  its  extreme  purity  and  its  highly  crystalline  formation. 

Oregon  Iron  and  Steel  Company,  Oswego  near  Portland,  Oregon,  Simeon  G.  Reed, 
president;  Martin  Winch,  secretary;  E.  C.  Darley,  superintendent. 

1.  Iron  ores,  fuel,  and  flux  from  the  company’s  mines. 

2.  Hot-blast  charcoal  pig-iron. 

Puget  Sound  Iron  Company. — John  A.  Paxton,  president;  A.  Halsey,  secretary, 
San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Charcoal  Pig  Iron,  made  at  Port  Townsend,  Puget  Sound,  Washington  Ter¬ 
ritory,  from  magnetite  ore  in  limestone,  mined  at  Texada  Island,  British 
Columbia,  contributed  to  the  collection  by  A.  Halsey. 

GOLD. 

The  production  of  gold  for  the  year  1888,  according  to  the  estimate  of  the  Director 
of  the  United  States  Mint,  was  1,604,927  fine  ounces.  Mr.  Valentine,  of  the  banking 
house  of  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  estimates  the  value  of  the  product  for  the  States  and 
Territories  west  of  the  Missouri  River,  exclusive  of  British  Columbia,  at  $29,987,702, 
and  the  annual  production  from  the  same  region  since  1870  as  follows: 


Value  of  the  production  of  gold,  annually ,  since  1870. 


Year. 

Value. 

Year. 

Value. 

1870 . . 

$33,750,000 
34, 398, 000 
38, 177, 395 
39, 206, 558 
38, 466, 488 
39, 968, 194 
42, 886,935 
44, 880, 223 
37,576,030 
31,470,262 

1880 

$32,559,067 
30, 653, 959 
29,011,318 
27,816,640 
25, 183, 567 
26,393,756 
29, 561,424 
32, 500, 067 
29,987,702 

1871 . 

1881  . 

1872 . 

1882 

1873 

1883 

1874 . 

1884  . 

1875 . 

1885 

1876 . . 

1886 . 

1877 . 

1887  .  . 

1878 . 

1888  . .  . 

1879 . 

KEPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL— APPENDIX  M. 


381 


The  total  potential  amount  of  gold  in  the  United  States  June  1,  1888,  is  estimated 
by  the  Director  of  the  Mint  as  worth  $706,840,519.  The  amount  used  industrially- 
during  the  period  of  one  year  was  over  $4,103,886,  this  being  the  value  of  the  bars 
manufactured  and  sold  by  twenty-six  firms. 

Big  Blue  Lode,  Sumner  Mines,  Kern  County,  Cal. 

Gold  Ore,  from  the  Big  Blue  Lode,  contributed  by  Prof.  Thomas  Price,  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

Boaz  Mining  Company,  Minnehaha,  Yavapai  County,  Ariz.,  contributor. 
Gold-bearing  Ore,  sulphurets  and  quartz. 

Carlisle  Gold  Mining  Company  (Limited),  Carlisle,  Grant  County,  N.  Mex. 

Gold  Ore,  Galenite  and  Yellow-Copper  Pyrites,  in  quartz  concentrates 
from  the  ore.  Value  per  ton:  Gold,  $32;  silver,  13  ounces.  Contributed  by 
J.  Henry  Longmaid,  general  manager. 

The  Carlisle  ore  is  stated  to  average  a  value  of  $10  in  gold  and  2^  ounces  in  silver 
as  stamped.  Sixty-eight  per  cent,  of  the  gold  and  6  per  cent,  of  the  silver  are  saved 
on  the  copper  plates,  and  also  on  the  Frue  vanners  in  the  concentrates  21  per  cent, 
more  of  the  gold  and  40  per  cent,  of  the  silver.  The  concentrations  contain  gold  in 
value  $32;  silver,  13  ounces;  lead,  20  per  cent.;  copper,  3^  per  cent.;  zinc,  22  per 
cent. ;  and  quartz  12  per  cent. 

Congress  Mine,  Martinez,  Yavapai  County,  Ariz.  Contributed  by  F.  W.  Murphy, 
superintendent. 

Gold-bearing  Pyrites  Ore. 

This  mine  is  now  shipping  this  ore  to  the  Prescott  sampler.  It  averages  over  $100 
per  ton  in  value. 

Deadhorse  Claim,  Tuolumne  County,  Cal. 

Gold-bearing  Quartz.  Contributed  by  Alvinza  Hayward,  Esq. 

Deadwood  Terra  Mining  Company. — T.  J.  Grier,  superintendent,  Lead  City,  Dak. 
Gold  Ore.  Production  in  1888,  value,  $661,376.97. 

Delhi  Mine,  Nevada  County,  Cal. 

Gold-bearing  Quartz.  Contributed  by  Alvinza  Hayward,  Esq. 

Empire  Mill  and  Mining  Company.  (See  Original  Empire  Mill  and  Mining  Com¬ 
pany.) 

Grey  Eagle  Mine,  Bayard,  Yavapai  County,  Ariz. 

1.  Gold-bearing  Ore — Sulphurets. 

2.  Gold-bearing  Ore — Oxidized. 

Hart’s  Mine,  Shasta  County,  Cal. 

Gold-bearing  Quartz  with  Copper  Pyrites.  Contributed  by  Prof.  Thomas 
Price,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Highland  Mining  Company.— T.  J.  Grier,  general  superintendent,  Lead  City,  Dak. 
Gold  Ore  from  the  Highland  Mine.  Value  of  the  production  in  1888 
$450,895.94. 


•'382 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Homestake  Mining  Company. — T.  J.  Grier,  general  superintendent,  Lead  City, 
Dak. 

Gold  Ore  and  Photographs  of  the  mines  and  mills. 

Photographic  Views  :  (1)  Lead  City,  Dak. ;  (2)  Homestake  works  at  Lead  City; 
(3)  Dead  wood  Terra  mine;  (4)  Deadwood  Terra  open  cut;  (5)  Homestake  mine; 
(6)  Train  of  wood  and  timber  coming  into  Lead  City. 

The  Homestake  has  been  a  large  producer  of  gold  for  many  years  and  has  paid  a 
large  amount  in  dividends.  The  gold-bearing  quartz  veins  traverse  ancient  pre- 
, Silurian  schists  and  are  accompanied  by  porphyritic  dikes  and  overflows.  The 
bullion  product  from  June  1,  1887,  to  June  1,  1888,  was  52,731.11  ounces,  valued  as 
follows:  Gold,  $895,822.37;  silver,  $7,584.83;  from  243,355  tons  milled. 

Idaho  Quartz  Mining  Company,  Grass  Valley,  Nevada  County,  Cal. 

Gold-bearing  Quartz,  showing  numerous  grains  of  free  gold,  from  the  1600- 
foot  level  of  the  Idaho  mine. 

This  mine  has  been  a  very  prosperous  one,  having  been  in  operation  for  the  past 
twenty  years  and  produced  a  total  of  over  $10,000,000  in  value  of  gold,  nearly  one- 
half  of  which  has  been  paid  to  the  shareholders  in  dividends.  The  total  depth  of 
the  incline  shaft  is  2,696  feet;  average  width  of  vein,  36  inches;  cost  of  mining  and 
milling,  $8.44  per  ton;  quantity  of  ore  crushed  in  1887,  26,686  tons;  quantity  of 
water  pumped  out  per  day,  21,600  cubic  feet.  Mill  of  thirty-five  stamps,  850  pounds 
each,  run  by  water-power.  The  ore  averages  about  $20  per  ton.  The  dividends  in 
1888  were  over  $300,000. 

Lindley,  Abel,  prospector,  Bayard,  Yavapai  County,  Ariz. 

Gold-bearing  Copper  Pyrites  from  a  small  undeveloped  vein  in  mica  slates. 
Gold-bearing  Ore  from  the  Cleveland  lode.  (Undeveloped.) 

Gold-bearing  Ore  from  the  Stonewall  claim.  (Undeveloped.) 

Collected  at  the  locality  and  contributed  to  the  collection. 

Montana  Company  (Limited)  (Drum  Lummon  Mines). — R.  T.  Bayliss,  superintend¬ 
ent,  Ottawa  Mining  District,  Montana. 

Specimens  illustrating  the  nature  of  the  ores  worked  by  the  com¬ 
pany. 

The  production  of  the  mines  of  this  company  in  the  year  1887  was  valued  as  fol¬ 
lows:  Gold,  $1,204,296;  silver,  $834,511;  total  valuation,  $2,038,807.  For  the  year 
1888  the  valuation  as  locally  reported  was  $1,094,500.  The  company  has  paid 
$2,200,000  in  dividends,  besides  equipping  the. mine  and  mills.  Number  of  men 
employed,  300.  The  cost  of  mining  is  said  to  be  $3.27  per  ton,  and  total  cost  of 
mining  and  milling,  $7.53  per  ton. 

Prof.  J.  E.  Clayton  reports  the  total  length  of  the  lode  in  which  pay  ore  has 
been  found  as  1,700  feet.  About  one-third  of  this  length  is  hard,  unproductive 
quartz,  leaving  about  1,100  feet  as  the  total  length  measured  along  the  levels  of  the 
available  paying  ore.  The  average  width  of  the  pay  chutes  is  about  20  feet. 

North  Star  Gold  Mining  Company. — James  D.  Hague,  jDresident;  Emile  R. 

Abadie,  superintendent ;  Grass  Valley,  California. 

Gold-bearing  Quartz  from  the  North  Star  Mine. 

1.  Quartz  with  free  gold,  galena,  and  iron  pyrites. 

2.  Auriferous  iron  pyrites  and  gold  m  quartz. 

3.  Free  gold  and  auriferous  iron  pyrites. 

This  mine  has  been  worked  since  1851  except  some  intervals  of  suspended  opera¬ 
tions.  It  has  produced  over  $4,000,000  in  gold.  The  ore  averages  about  $20  per 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M. 


383 


ton.  The  property  covers  3,000  feet  of  lode,  of  which  about  2,000  feet  is  more  or 
less  opened  and  developed.  The  main  shaft  is  1,900  feet  deep  on  an  incline  of 
about  21  degrees  from  the  horizon.  The  mill  now  contains  forty  stamps,  having 
lately  been  enlarged.  The  product  in  the  year  1888  was  $334,000  from  17,400  tons 
of  ore.  The  dividends  for  the  same  year  aggregated  $140,925.  The  costs  are  from 
$10  to  $11  per  ton.  The  incorporation  has  100,000  shares  of  a  par  value  of  $10. 

Original  Empire  Mill  and  Mining  Company. — James  D.  Hague,  president,  Grass 
Valley,  Nevada  County,  Cal. 

Auriferous  Quartz  from  the  Empire  Mine. 

The  Empire  Mine,  belonging  to  the  Original  Empire  Mill  and  Mining  Company, 
one  of  the  oldest  mines  in  the  neighborhood  of  Grass  Valley,  has  produced  over 
$5,000,000  in  gold  from  auriferous  quartz,  averaging  in  value  about  $20  per  ton. 
The  mine  is  1,800  feet  deep  on  an  incline  of  about  20  to  25  degrees.  The  vein 
occurs  near  the  contact  of  a  slate  foot- wall  and  overlying  granite.  The  mill  con¬ 
tains  forty  stamps. 

Oto  Bella  Mining  Company,  Bayard,  Yavapai  County,  Ariz. ;  collected  at  locality 
by  W.  P.  Blake  and  presented  to  the  collection  by  Mr.  Long,  superintendent. 
Gold-bearing  Sulphurets  in  quartz. 

Gold-bearing  Oxidized  Sulphurets  “free  milling.” 

Plymouth  Mine,  Amador  County,  Cal. 

GqLD-BEARiNG  Quartz  (ordinary  ore),  contributed  by  A.  Haywood,  San  Fran¬ 
cisco,  Cal. 

The  mines  of  the  Plymouth  Company  are  situated  in  Amador  County,  Cal. ,  and 
have  been  worked  to  a  depth  of  1,600  feet.  The  principal  mine  consists  of  an  im¬ 
mense  chimney  of  ribbon  quartz  from  30  to  50  feet  wide  and  315  to  400  feet  long.  The 
quartz  mills  freely  and  contains  1  to  2  per  cent,  of  sulphurets.  The  principal  shaft 
is  vertical,  with  three  compartments,  and  is  equipped  with  superior  hoisting  ma¬ 
chinery.  The  self-dumping  automatic  skips  have  a  capacity  of  3,000  pounds  of  rock 
each.  The  derrick  frame  is  76  feet  in  height,  and  flat- wire  cables  are  used. 

There  are  two  eighty-stamp  mills,  making  one  hundred  and  sixty  stamps  with  a 
crushing  capacity  of  400  tons  of  quartz  daily.  The  average  yield  per  ton  of  ore  in 
1886  was  $6.18,  and  in  1887  $7.59.  The  costs  per  ton  were:  Mining,  $2.34;  milling, 
39  cents;  saving  and  reducing  sulphurets,  17  cents;  general  expenses — offices,  taxes, 
and  prospecting— 17  cents;  total  average  cost  per  ton.  $3.07.  The  machinery  is  all  run 
by  water-power.  The  sulphurets  are  treated  by  the  chlorination  process.  Total 
production  of  the  mines  to  June,  1883,  about  $2,500,000;  since  then,  $3,804,499. 
From  June,  1883,  to  January,  1888,  over  two  millions  were  paid  in  dividends.  The 
mines  were  closed  in  1888  by  reason  of  fire. 

Senator  Mine,  near  Prescott,  Ariz.— F.  W.  McGowan,  superintendent,  contributor. 

1.  Gold-bearing  Sulphuret  Ore. 

2.  Gold-bearing  Sulphuret  Ore. 

This  ore  is  now  shipped  to  smelting  works. 

Tuttletown  Claim,  Tuolumne  County,  Cal. 

Gold-bearing  Quartz,  contributed  by  Alvinza  Hayward,  esq. 


384 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


SILVER 


The  production  of  silver  in  the  United  States  for  the  year  1888  is  valued  at 
$53,152,747.  This  is  for  the  region  west  of  the  Missouri  River,  exclusive  of  British 
Columbia  and  the  west  coast  of  Mexico.  The  value  of  the  product  for  each  year 
for  the  same  region  since  1870  is  reported  as  follows:* 


Annual  product  of  silver,  by  value ,  calculated  at  1.2929  per  ounce. 


Years. 

Product. 

Years. 

1870  . 

2 

:o 

s 

§ 

z> 

1880 . . 

1871 . 

19, 286, 000 

1881 . . 

1872 . 

19,921,429 

1882 . 

1873  ...  . 

27, 483, 302 

1883 . 

1874 . 

29, 699, 122 

1884 . . . . 

1875 . 

31,635,239 

1885 . . . 

1876 . . 

39,292,924 

1886 . 

1877  . 

45, 846, 109 

1887 . 

1878 . . : . 

37,248,137 

1888 . 

1879 . 

37,032, 857 

Product. 


$38,033,055 
42,987, 613 
48, 133, 039 
42, 975, 101 
43,529,925 
44, 516, 599 
52, 136,851 
50, 833, 884 
53,152,747 


The  Director  of  the  United  States  Mint  estimates  the  production  of  silver  for  1888 
at  45,783,632  fine  ounces,  and  the  total  potential  amount  of  silver  in  the  country  on 
the  1st  of  June  as  $383,655,537  in  value.  Over  $1,207,467,  at  its  coining  value,  was 
used  industrially  during  the  year  ending  June  1,  1888. 

The  working  cost  of  producing  silver  in  the  United  States,  exclusive  of  the  cost 
of  development  of  the  mines,  interest  on  capital,  and  amortisation,  has  been  ascer¬ 
tained  with  great  care  as  nearly  as  possible  by  Prof.  J.  R.  Kimball,  Director  of  the 
United  States  Mint,  who  gives  the  following  summarized  table  f  deduced  in  terms  of 
the  relative  quantity  and  market  value  of  the  other  associated  products  of  the  ore- 
gold  and  lead. 


Cost  of  producing  silver. 


State  or  Territory , 

Number 
of  silver 
mines 
selected. 

Product  of 
silver. 

Average 
working 
cost  of 
producing 
one  ounce 
of  refined 
silver. 

Total  work¬ 
ing  cost  of 
producing 
silver. 

Mean 
working 
cost  per 
ounce. 

A  rizona . . . 

5 

4 

129 

12 

5 

Fine  ounces. 
1,119,562 
237,737 
4,420,642 
8, 072. 993 
3,804,453 

$0. 832 
.51 

.61 

.433 

.525 

|931 , 475 
121,246 
2, 696,591 
3, 495, 606 
1,997,338 

California . . .  .... 

Colorado . . . 

Montana . . r  . . . 

Utah . 

Total .  ... 

155 

17, 655, 387 

9, 242, 256 

$0. 524 

*From  the  statistics  of  “Precious  Metals  Product,  United  States  of  America,  and 
of  Mexico.”  John  J.  Valentine,  v.  pres.  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co. 

f  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  Mint  upon  the  production  of  the  precious  metals 
in  the  United  States  during  the  calendar  year  1887  (page  115). 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M. 


385 


There  are  no  ex amples  of  ores  from  the  Comstock  lode  in  the  collection.  Specimens 
are  now  difficult  to  obtain, ’and  there  are  already  fine  specimens  from  the  Bonanza 
mines  in  Paris,  the  ores  that  were  exhibited  in  1878  through  the  liberality  of  Mr. 
Mackay.  Although  not  now  in  bonanza,  some  of  the  mines  have  been  yielding  well. 

There  were  thirty-five  mines  or  companies  in  operation  on  the  Comstock  lode  in 
1883,  twelve  of  them  producing  bullion.  The  total  yield  of  the  lode  was  over 
$3,500,000,  and  the  total  bullion  production  of  the  State  of  Nevada  was,  in  round 
numbers,  $9,500,000,  a  considerable  increase  above  the  production  in  1887,  which 
was  as  follows: 


Product  of  gold  and  silver  in  Nevada  for  1887. 


Counties. 


Churchill  . . 
Douglas.. . . 

Elko . 

Esmeralda. 
Eureka  .... 
Humboldt . 
Lander  .... 

Lincoln . 

Lyon . 

Nye . 

Ormsby - 

Storey . 

White  Pine 

Total 


Gold. 

Silver. 

Total. 

1125.00 

$19, 875. 00 

$20, 000.  00 

6,000.00 

500.00 

6, 500. 00 

8,000.00 

366,910.00 

374, 910. 00 

100,000.00 

562,500.00 

662, 500. 00 

500,000.00 

943, 386. 61 

1,443,386.61 

34,000.00 

125, 848. 75 

159, 848. 75 

358, 615. 17 

358, 615. 17 

3,983.60 

34, 856. 55 

38,840. 15 

53,000.00 

125, 649. 50 

178, 649. 50 

3,500.00 

334, 448. 13 

337, 948. 13 

1,750.00 

1,750.00 

1,719,053. 94 

2, 626, 332. 41 

4,345,386.35 

110,189.02 

206, 604. 42 

316, 793. 44 

2,537,851.56 

5,707,276.54 

8, 245, 128. 10 

The  dividends  paid  for  the  year  amounted  to  $2,750,000.  The  Consolidated  Cali¬ 
fornia  and  Virginia  alone  produced  over  $8,500,000,  gross  value.  The  details  from 
the  S.  F.  Report  for  the  last  month  of  the  year  1888  will  show  the  general  average 
of  the  ore  and  the  composition  of  the  bullion: 

There  were  worked  at  the  Morgan  mill  4,825  tons  of  ore,  yielding  bullion  of  the 
assay  value  of  $110,497.97,  of  which  $55,502.58  was  gold  and  $55,994.44  was  silver. 
The  average  yield  of  the  ore  per  ton  in  bullion  was  $22.90,  and  the  average  assay 
value  of  the  battery  samples  was  $28.27  per  ton.  There  were  worked  at  the  Eureka 
mill  6,370  tons  o?  ore,  yielding  bullion  of  the  assay  value  of  $149,822.59,  of  which 
$77,204.20  was  gold  and  $72,618.39  was  silver.  The  average  yield  of  the  ore  in  bul¬ 
lion  per  ton,  at  this  mill,  was  $23.52,  and  the  average  assay  value  of  the  battery 
samples  was  $30.48  per  ton.  There  were  worked  at  both  mills  a  total  of  11,195  tons 
of  ore,  yielding  bullion  of  the  gross  assay  value  of  $260,320.56,  of  which  $132,706.73 
was  gold  and  $127,618.33  was  silver.  In  addition  there  was  produced  from  the 
assay  clean-up  for  1888  from  granulations  bullion  valued  at  $1,389.34,  and  from 
ashes,  sweepings,  and  slag  bullion  valued  at  $5,921.37,  making  a  grand  total  of 
$267,631.27  produced  and  shipped  for  the  fiscal  month  just  ended.  The  average 
yield  of  the  ore  in  bullion  per  ton  was  $23.25,  of  which  $11.85  was  gold  and  $11.39 
was  silver.  The  average  assay  value  of  the  battery  samples  was  $29.53  per  ton. 
It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  proportion  of  gold  contained  in  the  Consolidated  Cali¬ 
fornia  and  Virginia  bullion  produced  last  month  exceeded  that  of  the  silver. 

The  total  production  of  silver  and  gold  of  the  Comstock  lode  has  been  made  the 
subject  of  careful  study  by  Alfred  Doten,  of  Virginia  City,  Nev.,*  who  gives 


*  Vide  Report  on  the  Production  of  Gold  and  Silver  by  the  Director  of  the  United 
States  Mint,  1887.  Washington,  1888. 

H.  Ex.  410 - 25 


386 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


the  following  tabular  statement.  The  sources  of  the  figures  given  are  the  records 
of  some  of  the  leading  representative  companies;  also  the  assay ers’  percentages, 
and  information  and  data  furnished  by  observant  witnesses  and  competent  author¬ 
ities. 

Gold  and  silver  production  of  the  Comstock  lode  from  commencement  of  operations. 


Years. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

Total. 

Years. 

| 

Gold. 

Silver. 

Total. 

1859  a . . 

$30,000.00 

$30,000.00 

1875  e  . 

$15,4:5,312.93 

$10,330,208.61 

$25,825,521.54 

1860  a.. 

525,000.00 

$225, 000.  CO 

750,000.00 

1876  e  . . 

18,971,196. 12 

12, 647, 464. 08 

31,618,660.20 

1861a.. 

2, 450, 000. 00 

1,050,000.00 

3,500,000.00 

1877  e  . . 

21,780,922.02 

14,520, 614. 68 

36,301,536.70 

1862  a.. 

4, 690,000.00 

2,010,000. 00 

6,700,000.00 

1878  e  . . 

11,796,838. 46 

7,864,555.65 

19,661,394.11 

1863  b  . . 

7,440,000.00 

4,960,000.00 

12,400,000.00 

1879  e  . . 

4,202,091.49 

2,801,394. 33 

7,003,485. 82 

1864  b  . . 

9,600,000.00 

6,400,000.00 

16,000,000.00 

1880/ . . 

3, 077,409.00 

2,051,606.00 

5,129,015. 00 

1865  c  . . 

7,700,231.90 

5,183,487.93 

12,833,719. 83 

1881  /  . . 

645,372.00 

430,248.00 

1,075,620. 00 

1866  c  . . 

8, 944, 736. 51 

5, 963, 157. 67 

14, 907,894.18 

1882/ . . 

1,046,078.40 

697, 385. 60 

1,743,464.00 

1867  b  . . 

8, 243, 170. 80 

5,495,437.20 

13,738,608.00 

1883  / . . 

1,203,809.30 

802,539. 53 

2,006,348. 83 

1868  b  . . 

5,087,861.40 

3,391,907. 60 

8,479,769. 00 

1884  / . . 

1,561,313.60 

1,277,438.40 

2,838,752.00 

1869  b  . . 

4,443,346.80 

2,962,231.20 

7, 405, 578. 00 

1885/.. 

1,729,531.25 

1,415,071.04 

3,144,602.29 

1870  d.. 

5,222,595.24 

3,481,730.16 

8,704,325.40 

1886  / . . 

2,054,920. 15 

1,681,298.31 

3,736,218.46 

1871  e  . . 

6, 149,717. 19 

4,099,811.46 

10,249,528.65 

1887/ . . 

2,481,176.85 

2,030,053.78 

4,511,230.63 

1872  e  . . 

7,341,839.79 

4, 894,559.86 

12,236,399. 65 

Total. 

190,403,729.41 

126,276,706.56 

316, 680,435. 97 

1873  e  . . 

13,003,187.12 

8,668,791.41 

21,671,978.53 

1874  e  . . 

1 

13,486,071.09 

8,990,714.06 

22,476,785.15 

a  From  Corey,  Paul,  and  Harris,  three  of  the  first  quartz-mill  men  on  Gold  Caflon. 
b  From  J.  D.  Hague’s  Report  on  Mining  Industry  of  the  Fortieth  Parallel,  1870,  competently  cor¬ 
roborated. 

c  From  the  records  of  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.’s  Express. 

<2  Vrom  official  mining  data,  corroborated  and  added  to  by  trustworthy  information, 
e  From  sworn  quarterly  statements  of  mining  companies  to  the  assessor  for  bullion  tax  pur¬ 
poses. 

/  From  the  official  records  of  mining  companies,  furnished  by  secretaries. 

It  is  claimed  to  be  more  complete  and  accurate  than  the  figures  based  on  the  re¬ 
turns  to  assessors  as  the  basis  of  taxation.  The  records  for  the  first  two  or  three 
years  after  the  discovery  were  not  carefully  kept,  and  those  given  are  partly  from 
estimates.  It  will  be  noted  that  they  differ  somewhat  from  those  given  by  the 
writer  in  1869  as  the  product  to  January,  1868,  namely,  $81,500,000.* 

The  relative  value  of  the  silver  and  the  gold  in  the  Comstock  ores  is  now  gen¬ 
erally  regarded  as  60  to  40  ;  60  per  cent,  in  value  of  silver  and  40  per  cent,  in  value 
of  gold.  The  general  average  assay  value  of  tailings  shows  a  ratio  of  66f  to  33£. 
In  1867  and  previously,  the  ratio  was  65.3  to  34.8. \ 

By  adding  to  the  total  gross  yield,  as  shown  in  the  table  ($316,680,435.97),  the  sum 
of  $11,170,203.62  (the  gross  valuation  of  the  yield  of  the  tailings),  the  sum  of  the 
yield  of  the  lode  is  carried  to  $327,850,639.  It  is  believed  that  if  all  the  product 
had  been  carefully  and  accurately  reported  and  recorded,  the  gross  total  would  ex¬ 
ceed  $400,000,000  in  value. 

This  statement  should  be  accompanied  by  a  reference  to  the  enormous  amount 
expended  in  opening  and  working  the  mines  upon  the  lode,  and  a  tabular  statement 
of  assessments  and  dividends  to  January  1,  1888,  is  appended. 

*  Report  on  the  Production  of  the  Precious  Metals,  by  Wm.  P.  Blake,  p.  128 
(Paris  Universal  Exposition,  1867). 
f  Ibid.  p.  128. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  387 


Assessments  and  dividends  on  the  Comstock  lode  to  January  1,  1888. 


Names  of  mines. 

Assessments. 

Dividends. 

$800,000 

Union  Consolidated  . . . 

2,270,000 

Sierra  Nevada . 

6,050,000 

$102,500 

Mexican . 

2, 615, 760 

Ophir . 

4,115,700 

1,595,800 

Consolidated  Califor¬ 

nia  and  Virginia . 

2, 652, 060 

75, 502,800 

Best  &  Belcher 

1,953,790 

Gould  &  Curry . 

4, 197, 000 

3, 826, 800 

Savage  .  . 

6, 542, 000 

4,460,000 

Hale  &  Norcross . 

5, 086, 800 

1,598,000 

Chollar  and  Potosi. .... 

2, 609. 600 

3,080,000 

Bullion . 

3, 957, 000 

Exchequer  . 

750, 000 

Alpha . 

510, 000 

Consolidated  Imperial. 

1,775,000 

500, 000 

Challenge . 

30, 000 

Names  of  mines. 


Assessments. 


Dividends. 


Confidence  . 

Yellow  Jacket . 

Kentuck . 

Crown  Point . 

Belcher . 

Overman . 

Caledonia . 

Justice . 

Consolidated  Bowers, 
and  adjacent  small 
Gold  Hill  mines . 


$43,000 
5,448,000 
342,000 
2, 673, 370 
2,614,000 
3,737, 180 
3, 155,000 
3,491,500 


$78,000 

2,184,000 

2,005,970 

11,588,000 

15,397,200 


4,800,000 


Total 


67, 418, 760 


126,719,070 


Excess  of  divi¬ 
dends  over  as¬ 
sessments  _ 


59, 300, 310 


This  shows  at  a  glance  how  unequally  the  paying  ore  was  distributed  along  the 
course  of  the  great  lode.  The  Bullion  mine,  for  example,  in  the  center  of  the  lode, 
made  no  return  for  the  sum  of  nearly  four  millions  of  dollars  expended  in  a  vain 
search  for  ore.  So  also  the  Sierra  Nevada  mine  returned  only  $102,500  in  dividends 
for  the  six  millions  and  over  expended  there. 

The  sources  of  the  silver  and  gold  product  of  the  United  States  during  the  fiscal 
year  1887,  ending  June  1,  1888,  stated  geographically  by  States  and  Territories, 
were  approximately  as  shown  by  the  table  in  the  Appendix. 


Alice  Gold  and  Silver  Mining  Company,  Walker ville,  Mont. — Joseph  R.  Walker, 
president;  William  E.  Hall,  superintendent. 

Specimens  of  Silver  Ore  from  various  parts  of  the  lode. 

These  specimens  show  the  nature  of  the  ore  and  veinstone  of  a  group  of  lodes 
traversing  the  granite  formation  of  Butte,  Mont.  (For  a  description  in  detail,  see 
Trans.  Amer.  Inst.  Mining  Engrs.,  vol.  xvi,  p.  65.)  The  ore  consists  largely  of  iron 
pyrite,  blende,  and  galena.  In  1887  the  average  value  of  the  ore  per  ton,  as  deter¬ 
mined  by  working,  was:  Gold,  $1.34;  silver,  $28.23;  total  value,  $29.57.  The  ore  is 
first  roasted  and  chlorodized  and  is  then  amalgamated  in  pans.  The  mine  is  worked 
to  a  depth  of  1,000  feet.  The  costs  in  1886  were  for  mining,  $7.44  per  ton,  for  mill¬ 
ing,  $7.57,  making  a  total  of  $15.01  for  mining  and  milling,  irrespective  of  dead-work 
and  improvements  to  plant  and  general  expenses.  During  the  period  of  fifteen 
months  to  January  1,  1889,  14,529  tons  of  ore  were  worked,  producing  bullion  val¬ 
ued  at  $461,127.92.  The  average  per  ton  saved  in  gold  was  $1.97+,  and  of  silver 
$29.48+ ;  total  per  ton,  $31.46+.  The  average  percentage  of  loss  in  tailings  was  3.38 
ounces. 

The  weight  of  each  pan  charge  is  3,800  pounds.  The  chlorination  averaged  88.29 
per  cent.;  the  amalgamation,  87.66  per  cent.;  loss  of  quicksilver  per  ton  of  ore  re¬ 
duced,  0.95  of  a  pound.  Cost  of  salt,  $11.26  per  ton. 


Ca'ctus  Mining  Company.— William  L.  Lay,  agent,  Frisco,  Beaver  County,  Utah. 
Silver  and  Copper  Ores  from  the  company’s  mines. 

Comfort  Consolidated  Mining  Company.— T.  H.  Wheeler,  president;  S.  Com¬ 
fort,  treasurer. 

Gold  and  Silver  Ore  from  Rocky  Bar,  Idaho. 


388 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Daly  Mining  Company. — R.  C.  Chambers,  superintendent,  Park  City,  Summit 
County,  Utah. 

Series  of  Specimens  of  the  Ores  of  the  mine  from  all  the  principal  levels. 
Silver,  gold,  and  lead. 

This  mine  is  opened  upon  the  western  extension  of  the  Ontario  Silver  Mining 
Company’s  ground,  2-J-  miles  south  of  Park  City.  The  shaft  is  800  feet  deep,  and 
the  mine  is  drained  to  that  depth  by  the  Ontario  drain  tunnel.  The  top  of  the  Daly 
shaft  is  200  feet  higher  than  the  Ontario  shaft.  The  best  or  highest  grade  of  ore 
carrying  lead  and  other  metals  is  selected  out  and  sold  to  smelting  works.  The  lower 
grades  of  ore  are  treated  by  the  mill  processes  at  the  mine.  The  expenses  per  ton, 
1886-1887,  are  officially  reported  as  follows  : 


Net  tons. 

Per  ton. 

Total 

expense. 

Extraction . 

22,088 

14,325 

12,858 

22,088 

22,088 

$5.03 

.88 

11.55 

4. 66 

4. 50 

$111,055.01 
12, 670. 50 
148,530.57 
103,009.81 
99,429.37 

Hauling . 

Reduction . 

Sundries .  . 

Prospecting . 

Operating  expenses . 

26.62 

474,695.26 

The  ore  sold  to  smelters  (7,704  tons)  averaged  $81.80  per  ton,  the  ore  milled 
(12,858  tons)  averaged  $44.15,  and  the  tailings  $4.41. 

In  the  year  1888  the  production  was  as  follows  : 


Tons. 

Net  value. 

Ore  crushed . 

21,000 

2,500 

$803, 000 
197,000 

Ore  shipped . 

Total . 

23,500 

1,000,000 

Dividends  of  $37,500  were  paid  each  month,  aggregating  $450,000  for  the  year 
and  $882,500  in  all. 


Men  employed  at  mine . . .  240 

Men  employed  at  mill .  65 

Total .  305 


The  mill  has  been  modified  and  added  to  for  the  introduction  of  the  Russell  leach¬ 
ing  process,  intended  to  treat  120  tons  of  ore  each  day. 

Lexington  Mine — “Societe  Anonyme  des  Mines  de  Lexington.” — Charles  C. 

Rueger,  superintendent,  Walkerville,  Mont. 

Specimen  of  Silver  Ore,  from  the  vein  worked  by  the  company. 

The  veins  worked  by  the  Lexington  Company  are  nearly  parallel  and  just  east  of 
the  Rainbow  lode,  worked  by  the  Alice  Company,  and  traverse  the  same  granite 
formation. 

They  comprise  a  group,  located  as  the  Lexington,  Atlantic,  Wild  Pat,  Alice 
Brown,  Millsite,  and  Waterloo,  all  worked  through  one  shaft.  A  French  company 
purchased  the  property  in  1881  and  incorporated  as  the  Societe  Anonyme  des  Mines 
de  Lexington.  The  surface  improvements  are  complete,  and  all  underground 
machinery  is  run  by  compressed  air.  The  mill  is  one  of  the  best  in  the  district,  and 
is  a  short  distance  from  shaft,  connected  by  a  tramway.  It  has  sixty  stamps,  with 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M. 


389 


a  capacity  of  about  65  tons  per  day;  160  men  are  employed  in  and  about  the  mine 
and  mill.  The  production  of  the  mine  for  the  year  1888  was  749,883  ounces  of 
silver  and  7,224  ounces  of  gold  from  24,594  tons  of  ore. 

Ontario  Silver-Mining  Company. — R.  C.  Chambers,  superintendent,  Park  City, 
Summit  County,  Utah. 

Series  of  Samples  of  Ore  containing  silver,  gold,  and  lead,  from  the  differ¬ 
ent  levels  of  the  mine  from  the  200-foot  level  to  the  1,000-foot  level. 

This  mine  has  been  worked  to  a  depth  of  1,000  feet,  and  for  a  distance  on  the  vein 
of  over  4,000  feet.  The  main  chute  of  ore  opened  by  the  principal  workings 
measures  over  2,600  feet  horizontally.  The  mine  is  drained  by  an  adit  to  a  depth  of 
600  feet.  A  new  drainage  tunnel  is  in  progress  from  the  east  side  of  the  mountains, 
intended  to  drain  the  lode  to  a  depth  of  1,400  feet.  This  will  be  about  14,000  feet 
long,  and  will  require  several  years  for  its  completion. 

The  production  of  the  mine  in  1887  was  1,728  bars  of  silver  bullion,  weighing 
1,068,983.50  ounces  fine  silver,  valued  at  $1,018,706.57,  besides  ore  and  concentrate 
sold,  netting  $1,794,192.08.  The  average  silver  content  of  the  ore  raised  was  47.4 
ounces.  The  tailings  contained  4.26  percent.  Extraction  by  amalgamation,  91  per 
cent.  The  total  cost  of  the  production  per  ton  was  $24.97,  distributed  as  follows: 


Net  tons. 

Total  cost. 

Cost 
per  ton. 

Extraction . 

34,000 

34,000 

34,000 

24,427 

24,427 

23,325 

$245,960.99 

79,498.07 

149,058.62 

228,847.76 

25,837.78 

13,743.24 

$7.24 
2. 33 

4. 38 

9. 37 

1.06 

.59 

Sundries  . 

Prospecting . 

Reduction . 

Bullion  expense . 

Hauling  to  mill . 

Total . 

742,946. 46 

24.97 

According  to  the  Salt  Lake  Tribune,  the  product  of  the  mine  for  1888  was: 


Tons. 

Value. 

Ore  crushed . 

25,000 

7,700 

$980,000 

750,000 

Ore  shipped . 

Total . 

32,700 

1,730,000 

The  number  of  the  men  employed  at  the  mine  was  350,  and  at  the  mill  75.  No. 
3  shaft  was  sunk  to  a  depth  of  1,200  feet.  This  company  has  paid  over  $10,000,000 
in  dividends  to  the  shareholders. 

Silver  King  Mining  Company,  Mines  at  Silver  King,  Pinal  County,  Ariz. — Joseph 
Nash,  secretary,  San  Francisco,  Cal.  Contributor  by  request. 

Silver  Ore  from  the  company’s  mine.  Four  samples. 

Silver  Ore,  concentrates  sample  as  shipped.  Assay  value  $815  per  ton  of 
2,000  pounds. 

Lent  by  W.  P.  Blake. 

Stromeyerite — (Silver-copper  glance.)  Massive  Specimen  associated  with 
Heavy  Spar. 

Contains  about  51  per  cent,  of  silver  and  30  per  cent,  of  copper.  Specific  gravity 
6.22.  For  notice  of  composition  and  association  see  “  Description  of  the  Silver  King 
Mine  of  Arizona,”  by  W.  P.  Blake,  page  29. 


390 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


The  Silver  King  Mine,  in  Arizona  Territory,  about  1,000  miles  from  San  Francisco, 
is  remarkable  for  its  yield  of  silver  ores  without  gold.  Native  silver,  argentite, 
stromeyerite,  argentiferous  blende,  and  argentiferous  galena  are  the  principal 
species.  The  veinstone  is  quartz  and  barite.  The  property  affords  also  one  of  the 
few  examples  of  mechanical  concentration  of  silver  ore  preparatory  to  its  reduction. 
In  this  instance  the  ore  as  it  is  raised  from  the  mine  is  first  broken  in  a  Blake 
crusher,  then  stamped  and  passed  over  Frue  tables.  The  concentrate,  as  shown,  is 
shipped  in  sacks  to  San  Francisco.  The  vein  formation  is  peculiar  and  variable. 
The  production  has  been  large,  and  nearly  $2,000,000  have  been  paid  in  dividends, 
but  at  present  the  ore  supply  is  insufficient  to  keep  the  mill  running,  and  prospect¬ 
ing  is  in  progress.  Depth  of  workings  900  to  1,000  feet. 

COPPER. 

The  following  tabular  summary*  shows  the  production  and  sources  of  copper  in 
the  country  from  1882  to  1887  inclusive. 


Copper  production  of  the  United  States. 


1882. 

1883. 

1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Lake  Superior . 

56,982,765 

59,702,404 

69,353,202 

72, 148, 172 

79,890,798 

75,471,890 

Arizona . 

17, 984,415 

23,874,963 

26,734,345 

22,706,366 

15,657,035 

17,720,462 

Montana . 

9,058,284 

24,664,346 

43,093,054 

67,798,864 

57, 611,621 

78, 699,677 

New  Mexico . 

869,489 

823,511 

59, 450 

79,839 

558,385 

283, 664 

California . 

826, 695 

1,600, 862 

876,166 

496,028 

430,210 

1,600,000 

Colorado . 

1,494,000 

1,152, 652 

2,013,125 

1,146,460 

409,306 

2,012,027 

Utah . 

605,880 

341,885 

265,526 

166, 199 

500,000 

2,500,000 

Wyoming  . 

100,000 

962, 468 

Nevada  . 

350,000 

288,077 

100,000 

8,871 

50,000 

Idaho 

46, 667 

40, 381 

Middle  States . 

294, 695 

324, 706 

232,114 

190, 000 

New  England . 

1,555,000 

612, 124 

904, 423 

211,602 

315,719 

200,000 

Southern  States . 

400, 000 

395, 175 

317,711 

40, 199 

29,811 

Lead  refiners . 

125,000 

782,880 

950, 870 

910, 144 

1,282,496 

2,432,804 

Domestic  produc¬ 

tion  . 

90, 646,232 

115,526,053 

144, 946, 653 

165,875,766 

156,735,381 

180,920,524 

Imported  ores . 

1,000,000 

1,625,742 

2, 858,754 

6,056,841 

4,500,000 

3,750,000 

Total  production . 

91,646,232 

117,151,795 

147,805,407 

170, 962, 607 

161,235,381 

184,670,524 

Stocks,  January  1 . . 

30,000,000 

30,000,000 

35,000,000 

40,000,000 

Available  supply . 

. 

177,805,407 

200,962,607 

196,235,381 

224, 670, 524 

From  returns  specially  procured  and  published  by  the  Engineering  and  Mining 
Journal  it  appears  that  the  three  principal  copper  producing  regions,  Lake  Superior, 
Montana,  and  Arizona,  produced  in  1888  an  aggregate  of  218,500,000  pounds;  and 
various  other  sources  12,500,000  pounds,  making  in  all  a  total  production  from  do¬ 
mestic  ores  of  231.000,000  pounds,  and  including  copper  from  foreign  ores,  a  grand 
total  production  of  236,000,000  pounds,  or  105,357  gross  tons.  This  exceeds  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  1887  by  about  51,000,000  pounds,  or  27£  per  cent. 

*From  the  article  on  “Copper,”  by  C.  Kirchoff,  jr.,  prepared  for  the  official  Re¬ 
port  on  the  Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States,  1887. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M, 


891 


Copper  production  of  Lake  Superior  mines. 


1887. 

1888. 

1887. 

1888. 

Calumet  and  Hecla . 

Quincy . 

Hcscpnlfi 

Pounds. 
46,016,123 
5,603,691 
3, 574, 972 
3,915,838 
885,010 
3,741,865 
2, 199, 133 

560,000 

Pounds. 

50,402,000 

6,500,000 

4,130,085 

3,622,003 

350,000 

4,000,000 

1,800,000 

71,090 

1,200,000 

Huron . 

Ridge . 

Wolverine . 

Pounds. 
1.484,103 
84, 902 
2,300 
7,396,529 
21,237 

Pounds. 

2, 360, 552 
51,000 

Franklin . 

Allouez  . 

A  tlo ntir* 

Tamarack  . 

Kearsarge . 

Evergreen . 

11,411,325 

831,856 

41,000 

79,089 

86, 850, 000 

Central . 

Mass . 

Copper  Falls . 

Tributers,  etc . 

Total . 

50,000 

75,471.890 

Copper  production  of  Arizona. 


1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

Pounds. 

7,700,000 

7,400,000 

3,760,000 

2, 940, 000 

3, 680, 000 

1,254,345 

Pounds. 

6, 721, 535 
4,688,640 
6,832,880 
3,456,000 

Pounds. 
3,800,000 
4,567,665 
5.250,000 
2, 135,000 

Pounds. 

5, 945, 550 
1,444,770 
5, 714, 000 
4,404,321 
272. 124 

Pounds. 

9,379,949 
4,870,000 
7, 133, 188 
5,420,224 
3,200,000 
3, 196, 639 

Old.  Dominion . 

AriVnna  flniiripr  .  .  . 

Other  mines . 

1,007,301 

Total . . . 

26. 734, 345 

22,706,366 

16. 000. 000 

17,790,000 

33,200,000 

Copper  production  of  Montana. 


1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

od  nnn  aha 

Pounds. 

oo  Oft1?  QG  4 

Pounds. 

K*y  nnn  aaa 

Pounds. 

Parrot .  • 

q  qoo  ooo 

oo, UUU,  OUU 

q  qaq  OOO 

oo,  . ou4 

10  OOO  OOO 

5/ ,  UUU,  UUU 

io  nnn  nnn 

63, 245, 473 
i  a  7f;a  nnn 

Boston-Montana . 

if,  OUU,  UUU 

6,600,000 

y, ouy, uuu 

7, 500, 000 

1U, uuu,  uuu 

500,000 

1,500,000 

7  non  one 

1U,  uuu,  uuu 

1U,  i  DU,  UUU 

Liquidator . 

[  1,500,000 

j 

7  100  OOO 

18,273. 667 

Clark’s . . . 

fion  non 

10  OOO  OOO 

7nn  nnn 

Butte  Reduction  Works . 

Williams  . . 

ui/u,  uuv 

2,000,000 

lU,  IAJU,  UUU 

2, 500,000 
1,200,000 
798, 864 

(  ,  UUU,  UU  J 

1,700,000 

2  000  000 

( ,  1UU,  uuu 

1,565.000 

1,500,000 

i uu, uuu 

3, 521,565 

*1  Jftft  OOO 

All  others  . . 

1,593,054 

1,643,621 

1 ,  ‘lOO,  uuu 

521,295 

Total . 

43.093,054 

67, 798, 864 

57,611,485 

78,700,000 

98,500,000 

*  The  Colorado  Smelting  and  Mining  Company. 


SUMMARY. 


Pounds. 

Lake  Superior .  86,840,000 

Arizona .  33,200,000 

Montana .  98,500,000 

New  Mexico . .  2, 000, 000 

Colorado .  3,000,000 

Utah .  2,500,000 

All  other  sources .  4, 960, 000 

Deduct  exports  in  ore,  matte,  ingots,  etc . 

Consumption  in  1888  . 

Stocks  on  hand  December  31, 1888  . 


Pov.nds. 

Domestic  production .  231,000,000 

From  imported  ores .  5, 000, 000 

Total  production . .  .  ....  236, 000, 000 

Stocks,  December  31 . 1888  .  40, 000, 000 

Available  supply .  276, 000, 000 


78,000,000 

120,000.000 

- - - -  198,000,000 

.  ....  78,000,000 


392 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS, 


The  quantity  of  electrolytic  copper  produced  was  about  17,000,000  pounds. 

In  regard  tc  the  imports  and  exports  of  copper  the  Engineering  and  Mining  Jour¬ 
nal  says : 

“  From  official  data  we  get  the  exports  of  copper  for  eleven  months  from  all  parts 
of  the  United  States,  and  we  have  added  the  exports  for  December  from  the  port  of 
New  York.  We  have  carefully  estimated  the  copper  in  ore,  matte,  etc.,  exported, 
and  thus  estimate  the  total  exports  as  about  78,000,000  pounds.  The  imports  were 
mostly  in  ore,  which  produced,  as  already  stated,  5,000,000  pounds  of  copper.” 

United  States  copper  imports. 


Years. 

Bars,  ingots,  and 
pigs. 

Old,  fit  only  for  re¬ 
manufacture. 

Fine  copper  con¬ 
tained  in  ores. 

Regulus  and  black 
copper.* 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

1867 . 

1,635,953 

$287, 831 

569, 732 

$81,930 

$936, 271 

1868 . 

61,394 

6,935 

318, 705 

42, 652 

3, 496, 994 

197, 203 

1869 . 

13, 222 

2, 143 

290, 780 

34,820 

24, 960, 604 

448,487 

1870  . 

5,157 

418 

255, 386 

31,931 

1,936,875 

134, 736 

1871 . . 

3,316 

491 

369, 634 

45,672 

411,315 

42,453 

489 

$60 

1872 . 

2,638,589 

578, 965 

1,144, 142 

178,536 

584,878 

69,017 

4,247 

1,083 

1873 . 

9, 697,608 

1,984, 122 

1,413,040 

255,711 

702,086 

80, 132 

1,444,239 

279,631 

1874 . 

713, 935 

134,326 

733,326 

137,087 

606,266 

70, 633 

28,880 

5,397 

1875 . 

58, 475 

10,741 

396,320 

55,564 

1,337, 104 

161,903 

12,518 

2,076 

1876 . 

5,281 

788 

239,987 

35,545 

538,972 

68,922 

8,584 

1,613 

1877 . 

230 

30 

219,443 

28,608 

76,637 

9,756 

1,874 

260 

1878 . 

1 

198,749 

25, 585 

87, 039 

11,785 

1879 . 

2,515 

352 

112, 642 

11,997 

51,959 

6,199 

1880 . 

1,242, 103 

206, 121 

195,255 

91,234 

1,165,283 

173,712 

2,201,394 

337, 163 

1881 . 

219,802 

36, 168 

541,074 

63,383 

1,077,217 

124,477 

402, 640 

51,633 

1882 . . 

6,200 

836 

508, 901 

59,629 

1,473, 109 

147,416 

224,052 

30,013 

1883 

330, 495 

36, 166 

1,115,386 

113,349 

1884 . 

542 

107 

149,701 

12,099 

2,204,070 

219,957 

2,036 

204 

1885 . 

914 

172 

81,312 

6,658 

3, 665,739 

343,793 

285,322 

20,807 

1886 . 

159 

24 

41,025 

2,647 

4, 123, 842 

413,276 

186,887 

14,962 

1887 . 

415 

40 

37,786 

2, 198 

4, 149,412 

209,005 

29,094 

1,443 

1888 . 

74,000 

5,625 

5,432,000 

426,000 

Copper  exported  from  the  United  States. 


Fiscal  years  ending  June 
30. 

Ore. 

Pigs,  bars,  sheets,  and 
old. 

Value  of 
manu¬ 

Total 

value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

factured. 

1867 . . . . 

*Cwts. 

87,731 

$317,791 

Pounds. 

4,637,867 

$303,048 

$171,062 

$791,901 

1868 . 

92,612 

442,921 

1,350,896 

327,287 

152,201 

922,409 

1869 . 

121,418 

237,424 

1,134,360 

233, 932 

121,342 

592,698 

1870.... . 

+19, 198 

537, 505 

2,214, 658 

385, 815 

118,926 

1,042,246 

1871 . 

+54,445 

727,213 

581,650 

133,020 

55, 198 

915,431 

1872 . 

35,564 

101,752 

267,868 

64,844 

121,139 

287,735 

1873  . 

45, 252 

170,365 

38, 958 

10,423 

78,288 

259,076 

1874 . 

13,326 

110,450 

503. 160 

123,457 

233,301 

467,208 

1875 . 

+51,305 

729,578 

5,123,470 

1,042,536 

43, 152 

1,815,266 

1876 . . . 

15,304 

84,471 

14,304,160 

3,098,395 

343,544 

3,526, 410 

REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M. 


393 


Copper  exported  from  the  United  States — Gontinued. 


Fiscal  years  ending  June 

30. 

Ore. 

Pigs,  bars,  sheets,  and 
old. 

Value  of 
manu¬ 

Total 

value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

Quantity. 

Value. 

factured. 

1877 . .  . .  .... 

*Cwts. 

21,432 

109,451 

Pounds. 

13,461,553 

2,718,213 

195, 730 

3,023,394 

1878  . 

32,947 

169,020 

11,297,876 

2. 102,455 

217,446 

2,488,921 

1879 . 

23,070 

102, 152 

17,200,739 

2,751,153 

79,900 

2,933,205 

1880....  . 

21,623 

55,763 

4,206,258 

667,242 

126,213 

849,218 

1881 . 

9,958 

51,499 

4,865,407 

786, 860 

38,036 

876,395 

1882 . 

25, 936 

89,515 

3,340,531 

565, 295 

93,646 

748,456 

1883 . 

112,923 

943,771 

8,221,363 

1,293, 947 

110,286 

2,348,004 

1884 . 

386, 140 

2,930,895 

17,044,760 

2,527,829 

137, 135 

5,595,859 

1885.... . 

432,300 

4,739,601 

44,731,858 

5.339,887 

107,536 

10,187,024 

1886 . 

544,020 

3,068,879 

24, 292, 393 

2,493,898 

108,971 

5,671,748 

1887 . 

307,280 

1,693,879 

19, 735, 666 

1,947,900 

85,623 

3,727,402 

1888 . 

754,420 

6,500,000 

31,425,754 

4,871,647 

120,374 

11,492,021 

*  One  hundred  and  twelve  pounds, 
t  Evidently  errors  in  quantities. 


Average  price  per  pound  (in  cents )  of  Lake  copper  at  New  York. 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec.  | 

Year. 

1860 . 

23* 

23* 

23f 

23J 

22J 

22* 

21f 

21£ 

21* 

21* 

20* 

20 

22* 

1861 . 

19* 

19ij 

19* 

19* 

19£ 

18£ 

17* 

18* 

19* 

20* 

21* 

24* 

19* 

1862 . . . 

27* 

26£ 

24 

22i 

2l£ 

21£ 

23£ 

24i 

25* 

29* 

31* 

31 

25* 

1863 . 

33 

36 

34 

30£ 

30i 

30i 

30* 

30 

31* 

33f 

36* 

38* 

32* 

1864 . 

40* 

41* 

42 

43i 

43* 

46* 

59* 

51i 

50 

47* 

48 

49* 

46* 

1865 . 

48* 

45 

39i 

34* 

32 

29£ 

29£ 

31* 

|  31* 

32* 

39* 

42* 

36* 

1866 . 

40 

36* 

32£ 

29i 

29* 

32* 

32i 

30| 

31* 

30* 

28* 

27* 

31* 

1867 . 

28* 

27£ 

25* 

24 

24* 

24i 

25 

26 

26* 

24* 

22* 

22* 

25* 

1868 . 

22* 

231 

234 

23* 

24* 

23* 

23* 

24* 

23* 

23* 

23* 

24* 

23* 

1869 . 

25 

26£ 

25 1 

23* 

24 

22* 

22 

224 

22£ 

22* 

22* 

21* 

23* 

1870 . . 

21* 

m 

19* 

19* 

19 

19* 

20| 

20* 

24 

21* 

22* 

22* 

20* 

1871 . 

22* 

21* 

21* 

21£ 

21i 

21* 

22£ 

22* 

23* 

23* 

24* 

26* 

22* 

1872 . 

27* 

28 1 

33 

41  i 

36* 

33* 

33i 

33* 

33* 

32* 

31* 

32* 

33 

1873 . 

34* 

34* 

34i 

33i 

31* 

29i 

27* 

27* 

26 

23* 

22* 

24* 

29 

1874 . 

24* 

m 

24* 

24£ 

24* 

24* 

2l£ 

20 

21  i 

21* 

21* 

23* 

23* 

1875 . 

22* 

22i 

21£ 

2l£ 

2l£ 

22* 

22* 

23 

23i 

1  23* 

23 

23* 

22* 

1876 . 

23* 

22* 

22 

22 

21£ 

20 

19* 

19 

20 

20* 

20* 

19* 

21 

1877 . 

19* 

19i 

19i 

19* 

19i 

19£ 

19 

18* 

18 

17* 

17* 

17* 

18* 

1878 . 

m 

17i 

17 

16£ 

16£ 

16i 

16i 

16i 

16 

15* 

15* 

15* 

16* 

1879 . 

15* 

15£ 

15i 

15* 

16 

16i 

16 

16i 

16* 

19* 

21* 

21* 

17* 

1880 . 

23 

24£ 

23i 

23* 

19 

18i 

18* 

19 

18* 

18* 

18* 

19 

20* 

1881 . 

19* 

19i 

19i 

18* 

18£ 

17 

16i 

16| 

17* 

18* 

18* 

19* 

18* 

1882 . 

20* 

19* 

19 

18* 

18* 

18i 

18* 

18i 

18* 

18* 

18 

18 

18* 

1883 . 

18 

17* 

17i 

15£ 

15* 

15* 

15 

15 

15* 

15* 

15 

14* 

15* 

1884  . 

14* 

14* 

14i 

14£ 

14i 

14i 

14 

13£ 

13* 

13 

12* 

11* 

13* 

1885 . 

Hi 

Hi 

10£ 

11 

11£ 

Hf 

H£ 

Hi 

H£ 

11 

11 

11* 

11* 

1886 . •. . 

Ilf 

Hf 

Hf 

Hf 

10£ 

10 

10 

10 

10* 

11* 

12 

12 

11 

1887 . 

Ilf 

11 

10£ 

10i 

10 

10 

10* 

10* 

10* 

10* 

12* 

17 

11* 

1888. . 

m 

16| 

16£ 

16* 

16* 

16i 

16* 

16* 

17* 

16* 

16* 

16* 

16* 

394 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Prices  of  Chili  bars  in  pounds  sterling  per  ton  of  2,240  pounds. 


Year. 

Stocks. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

April. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sep. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Year. 

1866 . 

Tons. 

29,388 

95 

93 

88 

86 

80 

83 

79 

74 

83 

80 

75 

72* 

82* 

1867 . 

32,084 

70 

76 

74 

71 

71 

73 

70* 

68 

73* 

68* 

68 

69* 

71* 

1868 . 

33,500 

67 

69* 

71 

73* 

77* 

77 

75 

68* 

68 

67 

69 

69 

71 

1869 . 

41,921 

73* 

73* 

72* 

71 

70? 

68 

67* 

68 

68* 

67* 

67* 

66* 

69* 

1870 . 

43,365 

66* 

66* 

66* 

65* 

67* 

67* 

68* 

|  63* 

63* 

63* 

62* 

62* 

65* 

1871 . 

40,092 

64i 

63* 

64* 

64* 

65* 

67* 

68* 

68* 

67* 

68* 

68 

76 

67* 

1872 . 

36,497 

86* 

85 

83* 

99* 

101 

107* 

103 

102 

91 

83* 

86 

84* 

92* 

1873 . 

41,082 

91 

87* 

8 

91 

88* 

84* 

80* 

81* 

84* 

83 

83* 

83* 

85* 

1874 . 

36,868 

83i 

81* 

77 

75 

74 

74 

78 

76 

77* 

80 

83* 

83* 

78* 

1875 . 

36,316 

84 

83 

82 

80 

83 

83 

82 

79 

82* 

82* 

82 

87* 

82* 

1876 . 

36,962 

81* 

81 

76* 

77* 

79* 

77* 

74* 

72* 

71* 

72* 

76* 

81 

76* 

1877 . 

42,313 

76* 

73 

71* 

70* 

68* 

69 

69 

69 

67* 

65* 

65* 

76* 

70* 

1878 . 

48,399 

65f 

65* 

63 

63 

62 

64* 

64 

61* 

61* 

60 

57* 

63* 

62* 

1879 . 

57,837 

58 

56 

54* 

56 

56 

55 

56 

53* 

54* 

|  58* 

66 

58* 

58* 

1880  . 

62,855 

65* 

73* 

70* 

65* 

60 

56* 

60 

61 

61* 

61* 

61 

66* 

63* 

1881 . 

58, 149 

61* 

62 

61 

61 

59 

59 

58* 

59 

59 

62* 

63* 

67 

61* 

1882 . 

49,696 

71 

64 

64 

64* 

63* 

63* 

67 

68* 

67* 

71 

69 

66* 

67 

1883 . 

49,878 

65 

65 

65 

64* 

62* 

63* 

64 

63* 

64 

63 

61* 

59* 

63* 

1884 . 

45,880 

56* 

55* 

53* 

56* 

56 

54* 

55 

53* 

54* 

52* 

51* 

47* 

53* 

1885 . 

55,939 

48* 

47* 

46* 

44* 

44* 

44* 

44* 

43* 

41* 

39* 

41* 

41} 

44 

1886 . 

61,741 

40* 

40* 

42* 

41* 

40* 

39* 

39* 

39* 

40* 

41* 

40* 

39* 

40* 

1887 . 

42,301 

38* 

39* 

39* 

39* 

39* 

40 

40 

40* 

39} 

44* 

66* 

75* 

45* 

1888 . 

104,000 

85 

77* 

78* 

80* 

80* 

80* 

81 

80* 

89 

1 

100 

78* 

77* 

82* 

Anaconda  Mining  Company,  Butte  City,  Mont. — J.  B.  Haggin,  president;  Marcus 
Daly,  superintendent. 

Copper  Ore  and  Products  from  the  company’s  mine  at  Butte  City  and  the 
smelter  at  Anaconda. 

Copper  Ore — First-class  smelting  ore. 

Copper  Ore — Second-class  concentrating  ore. 

Copper  Ore — Crushed  and  concentrated. 

A  series  of  ten  samples  of  the  crushed  ore  and  products  in  glass  bottles. 

1.  Crushed  Ore  as  fed  to  the  jigs. 

2.  Jig  Concentrater,  coarse. 

3.  Jig  Concentrater,  fine. 

4.  Jig  Tailings. 

5.  Concentrates  from  round  table. 

6.  Calcined  Ore. 

7.  Copper  Matte,  coarse. 

8.  Copper  Matte,  fine. 

9.  Granulated  Slag. 

10.  Free-Milling  Silver  Ore  ;  crushed  by  steam-stamp. 

This  property  is  described  by  the  Financial  and  Mining  Record,  January,  1889,  as 
follows  : 

“  This  property  is  located  northeast  of  Butte,  and  is  a  part  of  the  great  copper  belt 
that  half  circles  the  city.  Adjoining  it  on  the  east  is  the  St.  Lawrence,  a  compan¬ 
ion  mine,  which  is  quite  rich  in  metal,  but  has  not  been  so  extensively  worked.  The 
Anaconda  was  purchased  in  1878  by  Marcus  Daly  for  $30,000,  representing  J.  B. 
Haggin;  it  was  then  only  a  prospect.  The  St.  Lawrence  was  also  bought  later. 
Work  was  at  once  begun  and  from  first  blast  became  a  paying  investment.  Mr. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  395 


Daly  has  always  been  the  manager.  Both  mines  have  a  three-compartment  shaft 
the  former  1,000  feet  and  the  latter  680  feet  deep.  On  all  levels  between  third  and 
eighth  the  two  mines  are  connected,  and  some  stoping  has  been  done,  but  nothing 
to  be  compared  with  the  vast  field  yet  to  be  worked.  There  are  miles  of  drifts  and 
cross-cuts  tapping  ore  bodies  which  vary  in  size,  but  which  have  an  average  of  50 
feet  in  width  for  a  distance  of  3,000  feet.  The  double  hoisting  engines  are  20-inch 
cylinder  and  60-inch  stroke.  Each  roll  carries  1,500  feet  of  steel- wire  cable  and 
has  carrying  capacity  of  2,000  feet.  Two  No.  10  Burleigh  air-compressors  furnish 
air  and  drive  the  forty-two  3-inch  and  17^-inch  drills.  They  have  ten  pumps  in  use 
for  draining  mine.  Fifty  thousand  feet  of  timber  are  used  a  day  for  timbering  mine. 
The  average  width  of  vein  is  50  feet,  and  as  depth  is  reached  there  has  been  an 
increase.  There  are  on  dump  of  mine  100,000  tons.  During  year  600,000  tons  have 
been  shipped.  The  matte  shipped  from  smelters  during  year  has  been  120,000,000 
pounds.  Eight  hundred  men  are  employed  in  and  about  the  mine.” 

It  is  reported  also  that  the  smelter,  mills,  and  mines  represent  an  investment  of 
$20,000,000.  With  the  new  plant  at  Anaconda,  recently  partly  destroyed  by  fire,  it 
was  expected  to  be  able  to  crush  and  concentrate  2,500  tons  of  ore  a  day. 

Bristol  Copper  and  Silver  Mining  Company. — E.  G.  Hubbel,  manager,  Bristol, 
Conn. 

Variegated  Copper  Ore. 

Yellow  Copper  Ore. 

Yellow  Copper  Ore  and  Quartz. 

Purple  Copper  Ore  and  Gangue. 

Cactus  Mining  Company,  William  L.  Lay,  agent,  Frisco,  Beaver  County,  Utah. 
Copper  and  Silver  Ores  from  the  mines  of  the  company. 

Copper  Basin  Mining  Company,  Copper  Basin,  near  Prescott,  Ariz.  Collected 
at  the  locality  by  W.  P.  Blake,  and  presented  to  the  collection  by  Mr. 
Williams,  superintendent. 

Copper  Ore,  Malachite  in  Sandstone. 

Copper  Ore,  Malachite  in  Conglomerate. 

Copper  Ore,  Malachite,  and  Azurite  deposited  in  bowlders. 

Granite,  containing  Yellow  Copper  Ore. 

These  ores  are  especially  interesting  for  the  manner  of  their  origin.  They  are 
evidently  the  result  of  the  infiltration  from  above  of  cupriferous  solutions  derived 
from  decomposing  copper  pyrites  disseminated  in  the  subjacent  granite.  The  cop¬ 
per  carbonate  appears  as  a  superficial  coating  upon  the  grains  and  pebbles  which 
constitute  80  per  cent,  and  over  of  the  weight.  The  deposit  throws  light  upon  the 
origin  of  other  and  somewhat  similar  deposits  of  copper  in  sandstone  and  conglom¬ 
erate.  (See  Notice  of  the  Origin  of  the  Copper  Ores  of  Copper  Basin,  Ariz.,  by 
William  P.  Blake. — Trans.  Amer.  Inst.  Min.  Engrs.,  1889.) 

Copper  Queen  Mine,  Bisbee,  Ariz. 

Copper  Ore.  Presented  by  Thomas  Price,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

The  product  for  the  year  1888,  as  we  are  officially  informed,  was  9,380,000  pounds 
of  copper  96  per  cent.  fine.  At  the  same  time  the  Holbrook  &  Cave  properties, 
adjacent  to  the  Copper  Queen,  whose  ores  were  smelted  at  the  works  of  the  Copper 
Queen,  aggregated  3,060,000  pounds,  making  the  product  of  the  district  12,440,000? 
pounds  copper  96  per  cent.  fine. 

Copper  Claim,  Sierra  County,  Cal. 

Peacock  Copper  Ore,  contributed  by  Thomas  Price,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


396 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS, 


XiEAD. 

According  to  the  Engineering  and  Mining  Journal,  the  production  of  lead  in  the 
United  States  in  the  year  1888  amounted  to  189,000  net  tons,  coming  approximately 
from  the  sources  following:  Colorado,  65,000  net  tons;  Utah,  22,000;  Idaho  and 
Montana  (being  chiefly  from  Idaho),  39,000  tons.  The  production  for  the  past  fif¬ 
teen  years  has  been  as  follows: 

Production  of  lead  in  the  United  States — net  tons. 


Year. 

Arizona 

and  Cali-  Colorado, 
fornia.  1 

Idaho 
and  Mon¬ 
tana. 

i 

56 

312 

818 

667 

897 

6,369 

23.674 

35.674 
40,547 
55,000 
70, 557 
63, 165 

l . 

1 

1 

3,200 

4,300 

11,000 

14,500 

59,000 

63,000 

65,000 

17,000 

27,000 

39,000 

1,000 

Missouri, 
Kansas, 
Illinois, 
and  Wis¬ 
consin. 


Nevada. 


Utah. 


Other 

States. 


Total  pro¬ 
duction 
(tons). 


1873. 

1874. 

1875. 

1876. 
187; 

1878. 

1879. 

1880. 
1881, 
1882. 

1883. 

1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 


22,381 


24,699 
26,421 
31,152 
26,770 
28, 130 
27,690 


770 

015 

600 

676 


000 

000 

000 


19,724 

31,063 

22,805 

16,659 

12,826 

8,590 

6,000 

4,000 

3,500 

3,400 

3,400 


15,000 
20,000 
19,000 
25,000 
27,000 
21,000 
14,000 
15,000 
24,000 
30,000  j 
29,000  ! 
28,000  ! 
26,000 
24,000 
22,000 
22,000 


5,103 
31,768 
15, 123 
11,982 
3, 127 
5,858 
4, 171 
2,802 
8,942 
10,285 
2,600 
6,256 


14,229 

16,300 

30,000 


42, 540 
52,080 
59,640 
64,070 
81,900 
91,060 
92,780 
97,825 
117,085 
132, 890 
143, 957 
139,897 
129,412 
135, 629 
160,700 
189,000 


Mr.  J.  J.  Valentine,  of  Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.,  reports  the  total  value  of  the  lead  pro¬ 
duced  in  1888  in  the  States  and  Territories  west  of  the  Missouri  River  at  $11,263,630. 

The  total  product  of  Leadville  for  1888,  as  reported  in  the  several  tables  of  the 
Herald- Democrat  of  that  place,  was  thus  distributed: 


Value. 

Lead. 

Silver. 

Gold. 

Pounds. 

Ounces. 

Ounces. 

Arkansas  Valley  Smelting  Company . 

$2,598,282.97 

15,882,540 

1,712,783 

2,762.07 

American  Mining  and  Smelting  Company . 

2, 014,141.01 

14,658,436 

1,414,059 

1,566.00 

Harrison  Reduction  Works . 

1,280,658. 14 

8, 366, 546 

859, 655 

4,727. 13 

Manville  Smelting  Company . . 

829,525.11 

6,073,306 

487,633 

5, 116. 37 

Omaha-Grant  Smelting  and  Refining  Company. . . 

2,064,903.96 

14,091,679 

1,517,602 

1,185.44 

Holden  Smelting  Company . 

720,539.69 

7,807,871 

389,974 

220.60 

Boston-Colo  Smelting  Company . 

581,255.00 

584,855 

1,665.00 

Franklin  Ballou .  . 

1,086, 913. 41 

16,010,310 

379,014 

Philadelphia  Smelting  and  Refining  Company  . . . 

558,381.89 

New  York  and  San  .Tuan  Smelting  Company 

25, 993. 00 

Gold  mines  and  placers 

69,611.30 

Total  production . . . 

11,830,205.48 

82,890,688 

7,345,575 

17.242.61 

[Gold  has  been  calculated  at  the  rate  of  $20.67  per  ounce,  with  silver  at  ,93£.] 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  397 


The  total  production,  by  value,  of  the  lead  and  silver  of  Leadville  from  1860  to 
December  31,  1888,  has  been  about  as  follows: 


Years. 

Production. 

Years. 

Production. 

I860  to  1879 

$10, 700, 000 
10,333,700 
15, 025, 135 
13,147,257 
17, 127, 402 
15, 538, 446 
12,837,497 

1885 . . . 

$12,357,662 

13,750,832 

12,072,967 

11,830,205 

1S79  . 

1886 . 

1880  . 

1887  . 

1881  . 

1888 . 

1882 . 

Grand  total . 

144,721,144 

1883 . 

1884 . 

The  following  statement  of  the  quantity  and  value  of  the  lead  imports  and  exports 
is  chiefly  from  the  article  on  “Lead”  by  C.  Kirchoff,  jr.* 

United  States  imports  and  exports  of  lead. 


Fiscal 

years 

ending 

June 

30— 

Imports. 

Total 

imports. 

Total 

exports. 

Pigs  and  bars. 

’ 

Sheets,  pipe,  and 
shot. 

Old  and  scrap. 

Not 

speci¬ 

fied. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

Pounds. 

Value. 

1867.... 

65,322,923 

$2,812,668 

185, 825 

$9, 560 

1,256,233 

$53,202 

$6,247 

$2,881,677 

$32, 859 

1868.... 

63,254,677 

2,668,915 

142, 137 

7,229 

2,465,575 

101,586 

6,843 

2,784,573 

71,329 

1869.... 

87,865,471 

3,653,481 

307,424 

15, 531 

2, 983, 272 

123,068 

18, 885 

3, 810, 965 

17,249 

1870.... 

85,895,724 

3,530,837 

141,681 

6,879 

3,756,785 

150, 379 

10, 620 

3,698,715 

28, 315 

1871  ... 

91,496,715 

3,721,096 

86,712 

4,209 

2,289, 688 

94, 467 

8,740 

3, 828, 512 

79,880 

1872.... 

73,086,657 

2, 929, 623 

12,518 

859 

4,257,778 

171,324 

21,616 

3,123,422 

48, 132 

1873.... 

72,423,641 

3,233,011 

105 

12 

3,545,098 

151,756 

21,553 

3,406,332 

13,392 

1874 .... 

46, 205, 104 

2,231,817 

395, 516 

13, 897 

37,833 

2, 283, 547 

302,044 

1875 .... 

32, 770, 712 

1,559,017 

382, 150 

13, 964 

26, 098 

1,599,079 

429, 309 

1876. . . . 

14, 329, 366 

682, 132 

265, 860 

9,534 

28, 310 

719, 976 

102  726 

1877 . . . 

14,583,845 

671 , 482 

249, 645 

8,383 

2,303 

682, 168 

49  835 

1878. . . . 

6, 717, 052 

294, 233 

106, 342 

3,756 

1,076 

299, 065 

314, 904 

1879.... 

1,216,500 

42, 983 

42, 283 

1, 153 

1, 139 

45, 275 

280,771 

1880.... 

6, 723, 706 

246,015 

213, 063 

5,262 

425 

251,702 

49  899 

1881 .... 

4,322,068 

189, 129 

. 

123, 018 

2,729 

1 , 605 

163,463 

39, 710 

1882. 

6,079,304 

202,603 

220, 702 

5,949 

3,048 

211  500 

178  779 

1883. ... 

4, 037, 867 

130, 108 

1,094, 133 

31,724 

8, 126 

169  958 

43  108 

1884.... 

3,072,738 

85, 395 

15,040 

630 

160, 356 

4,830 

2,005 

92,860 

135, 156 

1885.... 

5,862,474 

143, 103 

971,951 

22, 217 

4,866 

106 

1,429 

166,855 

123,466 

1886.... 

11,005,083 

294,856 

24,087 

1,023 

17,943 

666 

1,698 

298,245 

114,098 

1887.... 

11,148,211 

323,256 

19,260 

950 

35,081 

1,452 

360 

345, 171 

141,154 

1888.... 

1 

636,449 

121,822 

1 

1 

Since  the  publication  of  the  figures  for  1888  by  the  Engineering  and  Mining  Jour¬ 
nal  Mr.  C.  Kirchoff,  jr.,  has  given  a  preliminary  estimate  of  the  productions  which 
is  somewhat  lower;  being,  in  short  tons  of  2,000  pounds,  151,465  for  desilverized 
lead,  and  29,090  of  non-argentiferous  lead,  a  total  of  180,555  tons. 


*  Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States  for  1887.  The  figures  for  1888  are  from  the  Engineering 
and  Mining  Journal,  January  12,  1889. 


398 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Average  monthly  prices  of  lead  in  New  York,  in  cents  per  pound .* 


Year. 

Jan. 

Feb. 

Mar. 

Apr. 

May. 

June. 

July. 

Aug. 

Sept. 

Oct. 

Nov. 

Dec. 

Year 

1870  . 

6.25 

6.21 

6.15 

6.20 

6.22 

6.22 

6.25 

6.35 

6.33 

6.31 

6.30 

6.30 

6.25 

1871  . . 

6.22 

6.22 

6.17 

6. 15 

6. 14 

6.18 

6.12 

6.06 

6. 05 

5.93 

5.95 

5.87 

6.08 

1872  . 

5. 95 

5.93 

5. 93 

6.00 

6.43 

6.50 

6.50 

6.45 

6.40 

6.51 

6.55 

6.51 

6.30 

1873  . 

6.32 

6.45 

6.37 

6.37 

6. 50 

6. 33 

6. 06 

6.12 

6. 50 

6.50 

6.25 

6.06 

6.32 

1874  . 

5.95 

6. 12 

6.18 

6.07 

5.87 

5. 81 

5.71 

5.72 

5. 87 

6.22 

6.37 

6.26 

6.01 

1875  . 

6.10 

5. 87 

5. 68 

5.83 

5.92 

5.82 

5.97 

5.91 

5.78 

5.62 

!  5.76 

5.90 

5.85 

1876  . 

5.»3 

6.17 

6.45 

6.26 

6.30 

6.37 

6.27 

6.32 

6.12 

5.90 

5.75 

5.67 

6. 13 

1877  . 

1  6.12 

6.30 

6.62 

6.37 

6.77 

5. 65 

5. 50 

5.00 

4.80 

4.55 

4.62 

4. 55 

5.49 

1878  . 

4.17 

£ 

CO 

3.75 

3. 62 

3.37 

3.30 

3.43 

3.35 

3.35 

3.48 

3. 77 

3.95 

3.61 

1879  . 

4. 25 

4.50 

3.87 

3.06 

3.00 

3.46 

4.00 

4.02 

3.87 

4.75 

5.30 

5. 55 

4.14 

1880  . 

5.80 

5.93 

5.62 

5.57 

4.82 

4.62 

4.50 

4. 65 

4.85 

4.76 

4.80 

4.50 

5.04 

1881 . 

4.65 

4. 95 

4.75 

4.60 

4.47 

4.37 

4.70 

4.85 

5. 16 

5.06 

5.07 

5.12 

4.81 

1882  . 

5.05 

5. 10 

5. 00 

4. 95 

4.72 

4.72 

5.02 

5.02 

5.05 

5.00 

4.70 

4.62 

4. 91 

1883  . 

!  4.65 

4.55 

4.57 

4.50 

4.47 

4.42 

4.35 

4.25 

4. 31 

4.22 

3.85 

3.67 

4.32 

1884  . 

4.12 

3.90 

4. 12 

3.84 

3.63 

3.61 

3. 62 

3.61 

3. 65 

3.67 

3.46 

3.62 

3.74 

1885  . 

3. 65 

3.  65 

3. 65 

3.65 

3.65 

3.75 

4.00 

4. 25 

4.25 

4.20 

4. 10 

4. 55 

3. 95 

1886  . 

4. 55 

4.75 

4.90 

4.78 

4.70 

4.75 

4.87 

4.75 

4. 65 

4. 22 

4.35 

4.32 

4. 63 

1887  . 

4.31 

4.37 

4.32 

4.27 

4.52 

4.65 

4. 55 

4.58 

4. 50 

4.25 

4.40 

5. 12 

4. 50 

1888  . 

4.90 

4. 95 

5. 15 

4.75 

4.25 

3.90 

3. 97 

4. 45 

5.00 

4.50 

3.67 

3. 75 

4.42 

*From  the  Engineering  and  Mining  Journal,  January  12,  1888. 


Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  Mining  Company. — S.  G.  Reed,  president;  V.  M.  Clem¬ 
ent,  manager,  Portland,  Oregon. 

Argentiferous  Galena  from  the  company’s  mines  in  the  Coeur  d’Alene 
Mountains,  Wardner,  Idaho. 

Concentrates  from  the  Bunker  Hill  and  Sullivan  ores.  A  series  of  samples: 
Coarse  and  fine  and  tailings. 

1.  Product  from  15mtn  jigs  :  Lead,  75  per  cent.;  silver,  88  ounces. 

2.  Product  from  12mm  jigs  :  Lead,  76  per  cent. ;  silver,  83  ounces. 

3.  Product  from  10mm  jigs  :  Lead,  74  per  cent. ;  silver,  33  ounces. 

4.  Product  from  7mm  jigs  :  Lead,  74  per  cent. ;  silver,  33  ounces. 

5.  Product  from  5mm  jigs  :  Lead,  72  per  cent. ;  silver,  32  ounces. 

6.  Product  from  3mm  jigs  :  Lead,  70  per  cent. ;  silver,  31  ounces. 

7.  Product  from  Evans  tables  :  Lead,  68  per  cent. ;  silver,  30  ounces. 

8.  Tailings. 

These  mines  were  opened  about  three  years  ago,  and  up  to  1889  had  produced 
23,000  tons  of  ore  concentrates,  assaying  about  30  ounces  of  silver  and  67  per  cent 
of  lead,  representing  a  gross  value  of  $2,160,000.  The  vein  is  described  as  a  fissure 
vein  between  quartzite  and  a  magnesium-slate  foot- wall.  It  varies  in  width  from 
20  to  100  feet.  Ore  is  galenite,  cerusite,  and  gray  copper;  the  gangue  chiefly  iron 
spar.  Large  bodies  of  clean  galenite  are  found;  there  is  no  arsenic  or  antimony 
The  clean  tetrahedrite  assays  from  1,000  to  2,000  ounces  of  silver. 

Galenite  Argentiferous  Lead  Ore. — From  Alaska;  latitude  65°  N. ;  contains  about 
100  ounces  of  silver  to  the  ton.  Contributed  to  the  collection  by  Prof.  Thomas 
Price,  San  Francisco. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  399 


ZINC. 

In  1887-1888  there  were  nineteen  zinc-producing  establishments  in  active  operation 
in  the  United  States,  and  the  production  of  the  metal,  grouped  by  States,  was  as 
follows: 

Production  of  spelter  in  the  United  States,  1882  to  1887,  inclusive,  by  States. 


States. 

1882. 

1883. 

1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

Illinois . 

Kansas . *  ■  •  • 

Missouri . 

Eastern  and  Southern  States . 

Total . 

Short 

tons. 

18,201 

7,366 

2,500 

5,698 

Short 

tons. 

16,792 

9,010 

5,730 

5,340 

Short 

tons. 

17,594 

7,859 

5,230 

7,861 

Short 

tons. 

19,427 

8,502 

4,677 

8,082 

Short 

tons. 

21,077 

8,932 

5,870 

6,762 

Shor't 

tons. 

22,279 
11,955 
8, 660 
7,446 

33,765 

36,872 

38, 544 

40, 688 

42,641 

50,340 

The  preliminary  reports  of  the  production  for  1888  place  the  amount  at  57,000 
short  tons,  of  which  10,400  tons  were  produced  in  the  Eastern  and  Southern  States, 
about  22,500  in  Illinois,  and  the  balance  in  Kansas  and  Missouri. 

The  imports  of  the  metal  in  blocks  or  pigs  in  1887  were  7,432,490  pounds,  valued 
at  $240,535,  and  in  sheets  757,245  pounds,  valued  at  $26,618.  The  average  price  for 
the  year,  in  cents,  per  pound  was  4.91.  The  importation  of  zinc  oxide  for  1887  was, 
for  dry,  2,763,642  pounds,  and  in  oil  82,486  pounds. 

New  Jersey  Zinc  and  Iron  Company,  B.  G.  Clarke,  president,  52  Wall  street, 
New  York. 

Zinc  and  Iron  Ores  from  the  mines  of  the  company,  Sussex  County,  N.  J. 

QUICKSILVER. 

The  total  production  of  quicksilver  in  the  United  States  for  the  calendar  year 
1887  was  33,825  flasks,  of  76^  avoirdupois  pounds,  net;  valued  at  $1,429,000.  With 
the  exception  of  65  flasks  from  Oregon  all  of  this  was  the  product  of  California 
mines,  distributed  as  follows: 

New  Almaden,  20,000  flasks;  New  Idria,  1,800;  Redington,  673;  Sulphur  Bank, 
1,490;  Great  Western,  1,446;  Napa  Consolidated,  5,574;  Great  Eastern,  689;  various 
mines,  including  the  65  flasks  from  Oregon,  2,063  flasks.  For  the  year  1888  the  pro¬ 
duction  was  33,250  flasks,  value  at  the  average  price  for  the  year  ($42.50)  $1,415,000. 

The  production  of  quicksilver  in  California  is  practically  the  total  production  for 
the  whole  United  States.  The  amount  produced  by  the  principal  mines  for  a  series 
of  years  past,  together  with  the  value  of  the  product,  are  shown  by  the  annexed 
tabular  statement  prepared  and  presented  by  J.  B.  Randol: 


400 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Production  of  quicksilver  in  California. 


Mines. 

1879. 

1880. 

1881. 

1882. 

1883. 

New  Almaden . 

iEtna  and  Napa  Consolidated . 

Great  Western . 

Sulphur  Bank . 

New  Idria . 

Great  Eastern . 

Redington . 

Guadalupe . 

Various . 

Total . 

Lowest  price  per  flask . 

Highest  price  per  flask . 

Average  price  per  flask . 

Total  value,  at  average  price . 

Flasks. 

20, 514 
3,605 
6,333 
9,249 
4,425 
1, 455 
4,516 
15, 540 
8,047 

Flasks. 
23,465 
4, 416 
6,442 
10,706 
3,209 
1,279 
2,139 
6,670 
1,600 

Flasks. 
26,060 
5, 552 
6,241 
11,152 
2,775 
1,065 
2,194 
5,228 

584 

Flasks. 

28,070 
6,842 
5, 179 
5,014 
1,953 
2,124 
2, 171 
1,138 
241 

Flasks. 

29,000 

5,890 

3,869 

2,612 

1,60& 

1,669 

1,894 

84 

101 

73,684 

59,926 

60,851 

52,732 

46,725 

$25. 25 
34.45 

29.85 
2, 100,000 

$27.55 

84.45 

31.00 

1,860,000 

$27,90 

31.75 

29.80 

1,810,000 

$27.35 

29.10 

28.25 

1,500.000 

$26.00 
28. 50 

27.25 

1,275,000 

Mines. 

1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

New  Almaden . 

iEtna  and  Napa  Consolidated . . 

Great  Western . 

Sulphur  Bank . 

New  Idria  . . 

Great  Eastern . 

Redington . 

Guadalupe  . 

Flasks. 
20,000 
j  2,931 

"j  1,376 

3,292 

890 

1,025 

332 

881 

1,179 

Flasks. 

21,400 

1,309 

2,197 

3,469 

1,296 

1,144 

446 

385 

35 

Flasks. 

18,000 

3,478 

1,769 

1,949 

1,449 

1,406 

735 

409 

Flasks. 

20,000 

2,694 

2,880 

1,446 

1,890 

1,490 

689 

673 

Flasks. 

18,000 

959 

4,065 

625 

2,164 

1,320 

1,151 

126 

Bradford  . 

1,543 

455 

3,843 

992 

Various . 

Total . 

Lowest  price  per  flask . 

Highest  price  per  flask . 

Average  price  per  flask . 

Total  value,  at  average  price . 

7 

392 

786 

31,913 

32,073 

29,981 

33,760 

33,250 

$26.00 

35.00 

30.50 

975,000 

'  $28.50 
32.00 

30.25 

970,000 

$32.00 

39.00 

35,50 

1,060,000 

$36. 50 
48.00 

42.25 

1,425,000 

$37.00 

48.00 

42.50 

1,415,000 

New  Almaden  Quicksilver  Mine,  New  Almaden,  Santa  Clara  County,  Cal. — 
J.  B.  Randol,  president. 

Quicksilver  and  Cinnabar. — Series  of  specimens  and  photographs  illustrat¬ 
ing  the  production  of  quicksilver  at  the  company’s  mines.  Contrib¬ 
uted  by  Mr.  Randol. 

1.  Foot- wall  rock,  serpentine,  Randol  shaft. 

2.  Hanging-wall  rock,  slate. 

3.  Outcroppings  of  the  lode,  Mine  Hill. 

4.  Cinnabar,  massive  clean  ore  from  the  1,600-foot  level,  Randol  shaft. 

5.  Cinnabar  in  sandstone  from  the  1,200-foot  level,  St.  George  shaft. 

6.  Cinnabar  and  veinstone  with  veinlets  of  cinnabar  from  the  l^OO-foo* 

level,  Randol  shaft. 

7.  Cinnabar  and  white  calcite  veinstone,  the  hilos  of  the  Spanish  miners. 

These  veinlets  of  calcite  cut  across  and  divide  the  veinlets  of  cinna¬ 
bar.  From  the  1,100-foot  level. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  401 


8.  White  calcite  and  arragonite  veinstone  (crystallized)  with  cinnabar, 

bitumen,  and  green-colored  incrustations  from  the  1,100-foot  level, 

Randol  shaft. 

9.  Bitumen  in  black  masses  associated  with  the  white  calcite  and  cinnabar. 

10.  Cinnabar,  crystallized,  from  the  1,700-foot  level,  Randol  shaft. 

11.  Quicksilver  (native  mercury)  in  bitumen,  abundant  in  globules.  From 

the  1,800-foot  level,  Randol  shaft. 

12.  Quicksilver  (native)  from  the  bituman  and  veinstone  at  the  1,800-foot 

level  (in  a  small  vial). 

13.  Hard  veinstone,  or  rock  walls,  with  cinnabar  and  bitumen,  from  the 

1,800-foot  level,  Randol  shaft. 

14.  Granza,  roasted,  light  color. 

15.  Granza,  roasted.  The  skeleton  left  after  driving  off  the  quicksilver  ore. 

16.  Granzita  (slag). 

17.  Tierras,  roasted  (slag). 

18.  Quicksilver  ore  roasted. 

19.  Quicksilver,  as  produced  commercially,  in  bottles. 

20.  Book  of  photographs,  illustrating  the  New  Almaden  Mine  and  its  sur¬ 

roundings. 

[The  collection  of  which  the  foregoing  is  a  list  is  to  be  presented  at  the  close  of  the 
Exposition  to  the  Ecole  des  Mines,  Paris,  in  the  name  of  J.  B.  Randol,  of  San 
Francisco. — W.  P.  B.] 

The  Quicksilver  Mines  and  Reduction  Works  of  New  Almaden  are  fifteen  miles 
south  of  the  city  of  San  Jose,  Santa  Clara  County,  Cal.,  in  the  Santa  Cruz  Mount¬ 
ains,  at  an  elevation  of  1,700  feet  above  the  sea. 

These  mines  were  first  worked  for  quicksilver  in  1845,  but  the  operations  were  on 
a  small  scale,  and  no  record  exists  earlier  than  1850.  They  have  been  and  now  are 
the  most  productive  quicksilver  mines  in  the  world,  excepting  only  the  mine  of 
Almaden  in  Spain.  They  are  developed  to  a  depth  of  2,300  feet,  and  the  workings 
extend  horizontally  over  a  piece  of  ground  a  mile  square. 

About  500  men  find  steady  employment,  the  work  being  actively  prosecuted 
throughout  the  year.  From  the  1st  of  January,  1864,  to  the  31st  of  December,  1887, 
the  number  pf  feet  of  drifting  and  sinking  in  the  mines  of  the  company,  as  shown 
by  the  records,  amounted  to  224,922  feet,  or  42.60  miles,  at  a  cost  of  $1,918,457.29. 
This  does  not  include  the  excavations  made  in  extracting  ore  during  the  period 
named,  nor  any  expenses  for  the  same,  while  for  the  ground  opened  up  during  the 
previous  period  (from  1850  to  1864)  fifteen  more  miles  of  drifting  and  sinking  can 
be  added. 

The  reduction  works  consist  of  eight  furnaces,  and  include  the  most  improved 
methods  for  working  quicksilver  ores,  and  may  be  considered  as  the  most  complete 
and  perfect  in  every  respect  in  the  world. 

An  interesting  paper  upon  the  occurrence  of  the  ores  of  quicksilver  in  California 
has  been  published  by  G.  Rolland.* 

*Gisements  de  Mercure  de  Californie,  par  G.  Rolland,  ingenieur  des  mines, 
Annales  des  Mines,  Septembre,  Octobre,  1878. 

H.  Ex.  410 - 26 


402 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Production  of  quicksilver  at  New  Almaden,  Cal.,  for  thirty-five  years  and  three 
months,  from  July,  1850,  to  December  81,  1887. 


Dates. 

Class  and  quantity  of  ore. 

Total. 

Grueso. 

Granza. 

Tierras. 

July,  1850,  to  June,  1851 . 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 

Pounds. 
4,970,717 
4, 643, 290 
4, 839, 520 
7,448,000 
9, 109, 300 
10, 355, 200 
10,299,900 
10,997,170 
3, 873, 085 

July,  1851,  to  June,  1852  . 

July,  1852,  to  June,  1853  . 

July,  1853,  to  June,  1854  . 

July,  1854,  to  June,  1855  . 

July,  1855,  to  June,  1856  . 

July,  1856,  to  June,  1857  . 

July,  1857,  to  June,  1858  . 

July,  1858,  to  Oct.,  1858  . 

Nov.,  1858,  to  Jan.,  1861 . 

Cl< 

)sed  by  injunc 

:tion. 

Feb.,  1861,  to  Jan.,  1862  . 

13. 323. 200 

15.281.400 
7,172,660 
2, 346, 000 
2,359,300 

23.277.600 

31.948.400 

26. 885. 300 
26,023, 933 
29,405,530 
25,458, 175 
21,097,700 
22,034,700 

21.416.600 
17,330,375 
23,454,000 

31.106. 200 
33,  16,950 

37.231.300 
36,942,225 
55,065,135 
61,354,850 
64, 141,135 

72. 147.200 
77,162,500 
79,251,000 
79,069,300 
81,398,690 

64. 151.300 

Feb.,  1862,  to  Jan,,  1863  . 

Feb.,  1863,  toAug.,  1863  . 

Sep.,  1863.  to  Oct.,  1863  . 

Nov.,  1863,  to  Dec.,  D63 . 

54,800 

1,259,400 

2,228,900 

1,506,000 

731,500 

2,274,208 

150,000 

30,000 

1,586,500 

18.730.300 
25,749,000 
19,939,100 
15,689,288 
14,566,600 
11,942,175 

12.531.900 

13. 661.700 
12,777,000 

8,492,375 

11,294,000 

12,236,000 

14,784,550 

13.987.700 
14,612,154 
16,032,085 
15, 267, 650 
14, 430, 510 

19. 734. 900 
21,227,500 
16,410,000 

17. 644.300 
14, 140, 690 

12.648.300 

718,000 
3,287,900 
3,910,500 
5,540,200 
9, 603, 145 
12,564,722 
13,366,000 
8, 535, 800 
8,373,000 
8,497, 600 
8,838,000 
12,160,000 
18,870,200 
18,532,400 
23, 243, 600 
22,330,071 
39,033,050 
46,087,200 
49,710,625 
52,412,300 
55,935,000 
62,841,000 
61,425,000 
67,258,000 
51,503,000 

Jan.,  1864,  to  Dec.,  1864  . 

Jan.,  1865,  to  Dec.,  1865  . 

Jan.,  1866,  to  Dec.,  1866  . 

Jan.,  1867,  to  Dec..  1867  . 

Jan.,  1868,  to  Dec.,  1868  . 

.Jan.,  1869,  to  Dec.,  1869  . 

Jan.,  1870,  to  Dec.,  1870  . 

Jan.,  1871,  to  Dec.,  1871 . 

Jan.,  1872,  to  Dec.,  1872  . 

142,000 

Jan.,  1873,  to  Dec.,  1873  . 

Jan.,  1874,  to  Dec.,  1874  . 

Jan.,  1875,  to  Dec.,  1875  . 

Jan.,  1876,  to  Dec.,  1876  . 

Jan.,  1877,  to  Dec.,  1877  . 

Jan.,  1878,  to  Dec.,  1878  . 

Jan.,  1879,  to  Dec.,  1879  . 

Jan.,  1880,  to  Dec.,  1880  . . 

Jan.,  1881,  to  Dec.,  1881 . 

Jan.,  1882,  to  Dec.,  1882  . 

Jan.,  1883,  to  Dec.,  1883  . 

Jan.,  1884,  to  Dec.,  1884  . 

Jan.,  1885,  to  Dec.,  1885  . 

Jan.,  1886,  to  Dec.,  1886  . 

Jan.,  1887,  to  Dec.,  1887  . 

Totals  and  averages . 

8,436,808 

370,116,277 

664,476,313 

1,147,688,840 

REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M, 


403 


Production  of  quicksilver  of  New  Almaden,  Cal.,  for  thirty-five  years  and  three 
months,  from  July,  1850,  to  December  31,  1887— Continued. 


Dates. 

From 

furnaces. 

From 

wash¬ 

ings. 

Total. 

Average 

amount 

per 

month. 

Yield 

of 

Quick¬ 

silver. 

No.  of 
months. 

Flasks. 

Flasks. 

Flasks. 

Flasks. 

Per  ct. 

July,  1850,  to  June,  1851 . 

23, 875 

23, 875 

1,989* 

36.74 

12 

July,  1851,  to  June,  1852 . 

19,921 

19, 921 

1,660 

32.82 

12 

July,  1852,  to  June,  1853  . 

18, 035 

18, 035 

1,503 

28. 50 

12 

July,  1853,  to  June,  1854  . 

26, 325 

26, 325 

2, 193f 

27.03 

12 

July,  1854,  to  June,  1855  . 

31,860 

31,8t>0 

2, 655 

26. 75 

12 

July,  1855,  to  June,  1856  . 

28, 083 

28, 083 

2, 340*. 

20.74 

12 

July,  1856,  to  June,  1857  . 

26,002 

26, 002 

2,167 

19.31 

12 

July,  1857,  to  June,  1858  . 

29, 347 

29, 347 

2, 445* 

20.41 

12 

July,  1858,  to  Oct.,  1858  . 

10,588 

10, 588 

2, 647 

20. 91 

4 

Nov.,  1858,  to  Jan.,  1861 . 

Feb.,  1861,  to  Jan.,  1862  . 

32,402 

2,363 

34,765 

2,  97 

19.96 

12 

Feb.,  1862,  to  Jan.,  1863  . 

39, 262 

1,129 

40, 391 

2,366 

20.22 

12 

Feb.,  1863,  to  Aug.,  1863  . . 

17,316 

2,248 

19, 564 

2,795 

20. 86 

7 

Sep.,  1863,  to  Oct.,  1863  . 

4,820 

700 

5,520 

2,760 

18.00 

2 

Nov.,  1863,  to  Dec.,  1863  . 

4,040 

407 

4,447 

2, 223* 

18.65 

2 

Jan.,  1864,  to  Dec.,  1864  . 

42, 176 

313 

42,489 

3, 540f 

13.96 

12 

Jan.,  1885,  to  Dec.,  1865  . 

47, 078 

116 

47, 194 

3, 933 

11,30 

12 

Jan.,  1866,  to  Dec.,  1866  . 

34, 726 

424 

35, 150 

2,929 

10.00 

12 

Jan.,  1867,  to  Dec.,  1867  . 

23, 990 

471 

24,461 

2, 038* 

7. 19 

12 

Jan.,  1868,  to  Dec.,  1868  . 

25, 577 

51 

25,628 

2, 135§ 

6. 66 

12 

Jan.,  1869,  to  Dec.,  1869  . 

16, 898 

16, 898 

1  408 

4. 07 

19 

Jan.,  1870,  to  Dec.,  1870  . . 

14, 423 

14, 423 

1,202 

5.23 

14 

12 

Jan.,  1871,  to  Dec.,  1871 . 

18, 563 

5 

18, 568 

1,547* 

6.44 

12 

Jan.,  1872,  to  Dec.,  1872  . 

18,391 

183 

18, 574 

1,548 

6.63 

12 

Jan.,  1873,  to  Dec.,  1873  . 

11,042 

11  042 

920 

4. 87 

1  o 

Jan.,  D74,  to  Dec.,  1874  . 

8, 867 

217 

9,084 

757 

2.96 

14 

12 

Jan.,  1875,  to  Dec.,  1875  . 

13,;.  41 

107 

13, 648 

1,137* 

3.35 

12 

Jan.,  1876,  to  Dec.,  1876  . 

20, 549 

20, 549 

1,712* 

4. 71 

12 

Jan.,  1877,  to  Dec.,  1877  . 

23, 996 

23,996 

1,999* 

4,93 

12 

Jan.,  1878,  to  Dec.,  1878  . 

15, 852 

15  852 

1  321 

3  28 

1  9 

Jan.,  1879,  to  Dec.,  1879  . 

20, 514 

20  514 

1  709* 

2. 85 

14 

1  9 

Jan.,  1880,  to  Dec.,  1880  . 

23, 465 

23,465 

1,955* 

2. 92 

14 

12 

Jan.,  1881,  to  Dec.,  1881 . . . 

26, 060 

26  060 

2  17l£ 

Q  10 

1  9 

Jan.,  1882.  to  Dec.,  1882  . 

28, 070 

28  070 

4,  ii  if 

2, 339 

O.  IU 

9  Q7 

14 

1  9 

Jan.,  1883,  to  Dec.,  1883  . 

29,000 

29, 000 

2, 416* 

9  £7 

14 

19 

Jan..  1884,  to  Dec.,  1884  . 

20,000 

20  000 

4  •  O  l 

14 

1 9 

Jan.,  1885,  to  Dec.,  1885  . 

21,400 

21  400 

1, 666* 

1  7ftQ 

yo 

9  fi7 

14 

1  9 

Jan.,  1886,  to  Dec.,  1886  . 

18,000 

18  000 

1 ,  i  o  o 

1  500 

4.  u< 

14 

19 

Jan.,  1887,  to  Dec.,  1887  . 

20,000 

20,000 

1,666* 

1.  uy 

2.  £8 

14 

12 

Totals  and  averages . 

854, 054 

8,734 

862, 788 

2,039 

5. 75 

423 

Product  of  Enriqueta  from  1S60  to  1863,  10,571  flasks. 

,«T^aiProductJ°f  a11  the  mines  on  the  company's  property,  873,359  flasks  of  76*  pounds  each,  or 
<bb,  81 1,963*  pounds.  ’ 


404 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Bradford  Mine,  Napa  County,  Cal. 

Cinnabar,  “Float  Ore.” 

Cinnabar  in  siliceous  gangue. 

Contributed  by  H.  M.  Newhall  &  Co.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

MANGANESE. 

The  total  production  of  ore  of  manganese  in  the  United  States  in  1887  was  34,524 
tons  of  2,240  pounds  each,  valued  at  $333,844.  It  is  obtained  chiefly  from  Virginia, 
Georgia,  and  Arkansas,  and  finds  its  chief  market  at  Pittsburgh,  Pa.,  for  the  pro¬ 
duction  of  manganese  in  the  blast  furnace. 

New  York  and  Georgia  Manganese  and  Iron  Company,  37  Broad  street,  New 

York. 

Manganese  Ore,  variety  called  “  Kidney  Manganese,”  from  near  Cartersville, 
Ga.  Contributed  by  J.  C.  Chew,  New  York. 

TIN. 

The  ore  in  the  form  of  cassiterite  or  black  tin  occurs  in  the  central  and  northern 
portions  of  the  Black  Hills  of  Dakota  in  granitic  veins  or  dikes  traversing  pre- 
silurian  slates,  and  also  in  quartz  veins  and  as  stream  tin.  These  veins  and  depos¬ 
its  give  promise  of  an  important  tin  industry  in  the  United  States  when  they  are 
developed.  At  present  only  prospecting  operations  are  carried  on,  and  there  is  no 
regular  production  of  ore  or  of  metal  except  in  sample  lots  of  a  few  hundred¬ 
weight  or  tons  each. 

Bangor,  Me.— Hamlin,  A.  C.,  M.  D. 

Cassiterite,  Tin  Ore,  in  a  small  vein  from  Winslow,  Me. 

Cleveland  Tin  Mining  Company,  Nigger  Hill,  near  Spearfish  and  Deadwood,  Black 
Hills,  Dak. 

Samples  of  Tin  Ores  and  Tin  from  the  company’s  mines. 

Cassiterite,  Tin  Ore,  in  granitic  veinstone. 

Cassiterite,  Tin  Ore,  “black  tin, ”  coarse  concentrates  from  the  ore. 

Cassiterite,  Tin  Ore,  black  tin,  stream  tin  from  the  bed  of  the  creek. 

Tin,  Block  Tin.  A  bar  smelted  from  the  Nigger  Hill  tin  ores. 

The  properties  of  the  Cleveland  Tin  Mining  Company  are  located  in  the  north¬ 
western  portion  of  the  Black  Hills,  about  fifteen  miles  distant  from  Deadwood  and 
fourteen  miles  from  Spearfish,  in  Dakota.  They  consist  of  the  Cleveland  and  Isabella 
mines,  with  adjacent  interests,  a  total  of  seven  claims,  covering  an  area  of  about  sev¬ 
enty  acres.  The  mines  are  accessible  by  good  roads  at  all  seasons  of  the  year.  The 
mill  site,  with  ample  water-power  for  a  large  concentrating  plant,  is  situated  near 
the  located  line  of  the  Chicago  and  Northwestern  Railway,  which  is  already  com. 
pleted  within  twenty-eight  miles  of  the  company’s  mines. 

The  Cleveland  mine  is  situated  upon  the  summit  of  Nigger  Hill,  on  the  main  or 
west  belt  of  Greisen,  and  shows  the  tin  stone  in  many  places  on  the  surface  crop¬ 
pings.  At  this  point  the  company  has  hoisting  works,  consisting  of  a  24-horse 
power  engine  and  boiler,  with  suitable  pumps  and  buildings,  including  the  neces¬ 
sary  appurtenances  for  hoisting  and  pumping,  the  building  over  the  shaft  contain¬ 
ing  the  same  being  50  by  30  feet  and  30  feet  high.  There  is  also  a  laboratory,  assay¬ 
ing  and  superintendent’s  quarters,  boarding-houses  for  the  use  of  the  miners  and 
employes  belonging  to  the  company,  and  a  foreman’s  house  adjacent  to  its  prop¬ 
erties. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M. 


405 


ANTIMONY. 

There  are  several  localities  of  stibnite  or  sulphide  of  antimony  in  the  Pacific 
States,  notably  in  California,  Utah,  Nevada,  and  Montana,  but  none  are  at  present 
largely  worked.  In  1887  the  total  production  in  California  was  reported  as  75  tons, 
valued  at  $50,500,  an  increase  of  40  tons  above  the  production  in  1886.  The  pro¬ 
duction  for  1888  is  believed  to  have  been  less  than  in  1886. 

Carmel,  Me. — Stibnite,  Antimony  Sulphide.  From  Dr.  Aug.  C.  Hamlin,  Ban¬ 
gor,  Me. 

Lady  of  the  Hills  Claim,  Black  Hills,  Dakota. 

Stibnite,  Sulphide  of  antimony.  Contributed  by  Richard  C.  Lake,  president 
First  National  Bank,  Rapid  City,  Dak. 

Murray,  Idaho. — Day,  Fred  W. 

Stibnite,  Sulphide  of  antimony. 

NICKED. 

Since  the  Paris  Exposition  of  1878  very  little  advance  has  been  made  in  the  nickel 
industry  of  the  United  States.  At  that  exhibition  remarkable  specimens  of  pure 
wrought  nickel  were  shown  by  Mr.  Joseph  Wharton,  of  Philadelphia,  and  were 
made  from  the  sulphuret  ores  of  Lancaster  Gap.  The  total  value  of  the  product  of 
metal,  of  the  nickel  in  its  salts,  in  matte,  and  in  ore,  produced  in  the  country  in  1887, 
is  reported  at  $138,200.  The  low  price  of  the  metal  from  abroad  has  left  little  in¬ 
ducement  to  domestic  producers  to  develop  the  mines,  and  most  of  the  localities 
have  remained  unworked.  The  discovery,  however,  of  ores  in  Oregon  bearing  some 
resemblance  to  the  free  smelting  ores  of  New  Caledonia  has  stimulated  efforts  to 
utilize  them,  and  prospecting  work  is  now  carried  on  there.  Specimens  will  be 
found  in  the  collection. 

Oregon  Nickel  Mines. — Will  Q.  Brown,  superintendent,  Riddle,  Douglas  County, 
Oregon. 

Nickel  Ores,  genthite  and  chrysoprase. 

This  locality  is  about  three  miles  west  of  Riddle  Station,  on  the  California  and 
Oregon  Railway.  The  ores  occur  in  beds  covering  areas  of  from  one  to  twenty 
acres. 


PYRITES. 

The  principal  sources,  commercially,  of  pyrites  now  utilized  are  the  Davis  Mines, 
Franklin  County,  Mass.,  and  several  mines  in  Louisa  County,  Va.  The  quantity 
and  spot  value  of  pyrites  mined  in  the  United  States  from  1882  to  1887  were  ap¬ 
proximately  as  follows: 


Years. 

Quantity. 

Average 
value  per 
ton. 

Total 

value. 

1882 . 

12,000 

25,000 

$6.00 

5.50 

$72, 000 

137,500 

1884 . 

35, 000 
49,000 
55,000 
52, 500 

5.00 

175, 000 

4.50 

220, 500 

1886 . 

4.00 

220, 000 
210,000 

1887 . 

4.00 

406 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Davis  Company. — H.  J.  Davis,  president,  Davis,  Franklin  County,  Mass. 

Massive  Iron  Pyrites,  used  for  the  manufacture  of  sulphuric  acid. 

Copper  Pyrites  associated  with  the  iron  pyrites. 

This  deposit  or  bed  or  lode  is  opened  to  a  depth  of  400  feet,  and  is  from  10  to  40  feet 
in  width.  Output  is  about  4,000  tons  per  month,  or  according  to  demand.  About 
49  per  cent,  of  sulphur. 

ALUMINA. 

Alumina  in  the  form  of  corundum  of  Beauxite  and  of  clay  is  rapidly  taking  its 
place  amongst  the  ores  as  the  source  of  its  metallic  base — the  metal  aluminum.  In 
the  Cowles  direct  elective  process  pure,  washed,  crystallized  corundum  is  preferred 
for  the  extraction  of  the  metal.  The  silica  in  ordinary  clay  and  the  oxide  of 
iron  in  Beauxite  are  reduced,  together  with  the  oxide  of  aluminum,  and  contaminate 
the  aluminum  alloys.  The  specimens  contributed  to  the  collection  by  the  Cowles 
Company  contain  an  example  of  partly  fused  and  reduced  corundum. 

Cowles  Elective  Smelting  and  Aluminum  Company. — Dr.  L.  Waldo,  manager, 
Lockport,  N.  Y. 

1.  Corundum,  Georgia.  As  broken  and  washed  for  treatment,  direct  in  the 
Cowles  Furnace. 

2.  Corundum.  Partly  fused  and  reduced  in  the  furnace. 

3.  Aluminum  Bronze  (17  percent,  aluminum;  83  per  cent,  copper).  An  addition 
of  other  metals  to  this  product  gives  other  alloys  as  shown. 

4.  Silicon  Bronze  (19.15  per  cent,  silicon;  80.85  copper).  Obtained  by  the 
reduction  of  silica.  For  manufacture  of  silicon  bronze  conducting  wire. 

5.  Cowles  Ferro- Aluminum  (80.91  iron;  9.88  aluminum ;  4.88  silicon).  For 
the  improvement  of  iron  and  steel  castings. 

6.  Series  of  Copper  and  Aluminum  Alloys.  Seven  sample  bars:  Aluminum 
bronze,  aluminum  brass,  aluminum  hercules,  aluminum  silver,  etc. 

GRAPHITE. 

This  mineral  occurs  at  many  places  in  the  United  States,  but  at  the  present  is 
mined  chiefly  at  Ticonderoga,  on  Lake  Champlain,  where  it  occurs  in  veins  travers¬ 
ing  the  oldest  rocks,  and  at  the  Heron  mine  in  North  Carolina.  The  Nelson  mine, 
in  New  Hampshire,  has  yielded  considerable  graphite,  but  is  not  now  worked.  The 
total  production  in  the  country  does  not  exceed  350,000  pounds  annually,  besides  a 
much  larger  quantity  of  an  impure  graphite  used  for  foundry  and  metallurgical 
purposes.  The  importation  of  the  unmanufactured  material  in  1887  was  168,841 
cwts. 

Merrill  Mine,  Nelson,  N.  H. 

Sample  of  Graphite. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  407 


SALT. 

The  production  of  salt  in  the  United  States  in  the  year  1887  was  7,831,962  barrels? 
valued  at  $4,093,846.  The  distribution  of  the  production  and  the  quantity  obtained 
at  the  principal  sources  is  shown  by  the  annexed  table:* 

Salt  product  of  the  United  States  from  1883  to  1887  inclusive. 


States. 

1883. 

1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

Barrels. 

Barrels. 

Barrels. 

Barrels. 

Barrels. 

Michigan . 

2  894,672 

3,161,806 

3,297,403 

3, 677, 257 

3, 944, 300 

New  York . 

1,619,486 

1,788,454 

2,304,787 

2,431,563 

2, 353, 560 

Ohio . . 

350,000 

320,000 

306, 847 

400,000 

365,000 

West  Virginia . 

320,000 

310,000 

223, 184 

250,000 

225,000 

Louisiana . 

265, 215 

223, 964 

299,271 

299, 691 

341,093 

California . 

214,286 

178, 571 

221,428 

214,285 

28,000 

Utah . 

107,143 

114,285' 

107, 140 

164,285 

325,000 

Nevada 

21,429 

17, 857 

28, 593 

30,000 

Illinois,  Indiana,  Virginia,  Tennessee, 

Kentucky,  and  other  States  and  Terri¬ 
tories,  estimated . 

400, 000 

400,000 

250,000 

240,000 

250,000 

Total . 

6, 192, 231 

6, 514, 937 

7,038, 653 

7,707,081 

7, 831, 962 

The  Utah  Central  Railroad,  in  1888,  carried  salt  from  its  stations — Salt  Lake, 
5,749,646  pounds;  Syracuse,  22,572,000:  Nephi,  668,795  ;  and  Juab,  157,599;  total, 
29,158,040  pounds  of  salt.  The  first  two  were  lake  salt  and  the  last  two  rock  salt. 

An  important  discovery  of  rock  salt  has  been  made  in  the  State  of  New  York, 
about  seventeen  miles  south  of  Syracuse.  At  a  depth  of  1,218  feet  the  drill  passed 
through  47  feet  of  salt.  In  the  central  and  western  counties  of  the  State  in  sixty- 
three  deep  borings  only  seven  failed  to  show  the  presence  of  rock  salt  or  brine.  Near 
Ithaca  a  layer  of  salt  was  found  at  a  depth  of  2,244  feet,  and  in  the  next  470  feet  of 
depth  layers  of  salt  having  an  aggregate  thickness  of  248  feet  were  passed  through. 
The  thickest  bed  was.  54  feet. 

Salt  has  also  been  found  by  boring  in  Central  Kansas. 

PETROLEUM  AND  NATURAL  GAS. 

The  principal  localities  yielding  petroleum  in  commercial  quantities  are  in  west¬ 
ern  New  York,  western  Pennsylvania,  and  in  Ohio  and  West  Virginia.  California 
has  also  become  a  considerable  producer  of  oil,  and  small  quantities  are  obtained 
in  Wyoming,  in  Tennessee,  and  Kentucky.  The  extent  and  distribution  of  the  pro¬ 
duction  is  best  shown  by  the  annexed  table  from  a  report  by  Jos.  D.  Weeks. 

*From  the  article  on  Salt,  by  William  A.  Rabourg,  Mineral  Resources  of  the 
United  States  for  1887,  p.  611. 


408 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Production  of  crude  petroleum  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  from  1859  to  1887 

inclusive. 


Years. 

Pennsylva¬ 
nia  and 
New  York. 

West 

Virginia. 

Ohio. 

Kentucky, 
Tennessee, 
and  other 
States. 

California. 

1859 . 

Barrels.  (6) 
2,000 
500,000 
2,113,609 
3,056,690 
2,611,309 
2,116,109 

2.497.700 

3.597.700 
3,347,300 
3,646,117 
4, 215, 000 
5, 260, 745 
5,205,234 
6,293, 194 
9,893,786 

10, 926, 945 
8,787,514 
8,968, 906 
13, 135,475 
15, 163, 462 
19, 685, 176 
26,027,631 
27,376,509 
30,053,500 
23, 128,389 
23,772,209 
20,776,041 
25,798,000 
22, 356, 193 

Barrels. 

Barrels. 

Barrels. 

Barrels. 

1860 . 

1861 . 

1862  (c) . 

1863 . . 

1864 . 

1865 _ 1 . 

1866 . 

1867 . 

1868 . 

1869 . 

1870. ......... 

1871 . 

1872 . 

1873 . 

1874 . 

1875 . 

(d)3,000, 000 
120, 000 
172,000 
180,000 
180,000 
179, 000 
151,000 
128, 000 
126,000 
90,000 
91,000 
102,000 
145,000 

(d)  200, 000 
31,763 
29,888 
38, 179 
29',  112 
38, 940 
33,867 
39,761 
47, 632 
90, 081 
650,000 
1,782,970 
5,018,015 

(d)  175,000 
12, 000 
13, 000 
15, 227 
19,858 
40, 552 
99, 862 
128, 636 
142,857 
262,000 
325,000 
377, 145 
678,572 

1876 . . 

1877 . . 

1878 . 

1879 . 

1880 . 

1881 . 

1882  . 

1883  .. 

1884 . 

1885 . 

1886  . 

(e)  225, 000 
51,817 

1887 . . 

Total . 

330,312,443  4,664,000 

8,030,208 

276,817  |  2,289,709 

Total  United 
States. 


Canada,  (a) 


Barrels. 
2,000 
500,000 
2, 113, 609 
3,056,699 
2,611,309 
2, 116, 109 

2.497.700 

3. 597. 700 
3,347,300 
3, 646, 117 
4,215,000 
5,260,745 
5,205,234 
6,293, 194 
9, 893, 786 

10, 926, 945 
12, 162, 514 
9,132, 669 
13, 350, 363 
15,396, 868 
19,914,146 
26, 286, 123 
27,661,238 
30,349,897 
23,444,878 
24,214,290 
21,842,041 
(e)28, 285, 115 
28,249,597 


Barrels. 


11,775 
82,814 
90,000 
110,000 
175, 000 
190,000 
200,000 
220,000 
250,000 
269,397 
308, 100 
365,052 
168,807 
220,000 
312,000 
312,000 
312,000 
575,000 
350,000 
275,000 
275,000 
250,000 
250,000 
250,000 
250,000 
868,345 


6,940,290 


a.  There  are  no  reliable  statistics  of  production  for  Canada.  Those  given  are  the  estimates  of  par¬ 
ties  intimately  connected  with  the  industry. 

b.  All  barrels  in  this  table  are  of  42  gallons. 

c.  In  addition  to  the  above  it  is  estimated  that  for  want  of  a  market  some  10,000,000  barrels  ran  to 
waste  in  and  prior  to  1862  from  the  Pennsylvania  and  Canada  fields;  also  a  large  amount  from  West 
Virginia  and  Tennessee. 

d.  Including  all  production  prior  to  1876. 

e.  This  includes  the  175,000  barrels  produced  in  Kentucky  and  Tennessee  prior  to  1886. 

Petroleum  lias  also  been  found  in  Colorado  and  has  been  developed  at  Florence, 
near  Pueblo,  where  the  production  has  been  about  1,000  barrels  a  day. 

According  to  the  official  circular  of  the  Consolidated  Stock  and  Petroleum  Ex¬ 
change  of  New  York,  the  amount  of  petroleum  delivered  by  the  pipe-line  in  the 
year  1888  was  16,300,000  barrels  of  42  gallons  each.  The  following  figures  show  the 
number  of  wells  completed,  the  new  production  of  petroleum,  and  the  average  per 
well  for  the  year  1888  compared  with  1887 : 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  409 


Months. 

Wells  com¬ 
pleted. 

New 

production. 

Average 
production 
per  well. 

Wells 

drilling. 

Rigs  up 
and  build¬ 
ing. 

Dry  holes. 

188S. 

1887. 

1888. 

1887. 

1888. 

1887.' 

1888. 

1887. 

1888. 

1887. 

1888. 

1887. 

January  . 

57 

151 

Bbls. 

879 

Bbls. 

3, 358 

Bbls. 

15.42 

Bbls. 

22. 25 

64 

200 

1  29 

75 

19 

33 

February  . 

52 

162 

649 

7,344 

12.50 

45. 33 

72 

177 

36 

69 

17 

32 

March . 

56 

133 

3,701 

4,112 

66 

31 

65 

158 

3 

75 

19 

32 

April . 

49 

154 

461 

5, 519 

9.41 

36 

59 

130 

26 

71 

20 

c6 

May . . 

56 

151 

3,367 

2,789 

60 

18. 50 

81 

172 

35 

69 

17 

30 

June . 

87 

157 

3,934 

4,688 

45.21 

30 

106 

142 

68 

69 

23 

35 

July . 

82 

159 

1,129 

2,078 

13. 77 

13 

124 

135 

46 

78 

25 

45 

August . 

96 

142 

1,824 

5,327 

19 

37.50 

.  106 

137 

61 

62 

36 

34 

September . 

132 

137 

2, 512 

5,949 

18 

43.50 

226 

106 

166 

67 

18 

30 

October . 

229 

100 

3, 142 

3,  98 

13.72 

36 

333 

104 

187 

82 

54 

25 

November . 

307 

90 

3,919 

1,792 

12.75 

20 

327 

114 

213 

40 

60 

86 

December . 

301 

96 

3, 974 

1,091 

13.20 

11.33 

337 

88 

193 

46 

64 

29 

Total . 

1,504 

1,632 

29,491  1 

47,645 

*24.91 

*  28. 70 

1,900 

1,663  | 

1,093 

803 

372 

397 

*  Average  per  year. 


The  value  of  this  mineral  oil,  based  on  the  value  of  petroleum  in  Pennsylvania 
since  the  year  1880,  ranged  from  $19.25  in  January,  1880,  to  10  cents  per  barrel  at  the 
end  of  the  year  1881.  It  is  believed  that  $1  per  barrel  would  not  exceed  the  aver¬ 
age  price  of  the  oil  for  the  period,  which  would  make  the  total  value  of  petroleum 
produced  in  the  United  States  from  the  first  general  utilization  of  it  until  the  end 
of  1887,  $345,573,177. 

California  oil  is  estimated  at  $2  per  barrel,  while  the  crude  Lima  oil  of  Ohio  sold 
as  low  as  15  cents  per  barrel  (42  gallons)  in  1887.  The  average  value  of  pipe-line 
certificates  in  Pennsylvania  during  the  year  1887  was  66f  cents  per  barrel.  The 
average  for  1888  was  87£  cents. 

The  Chief  of  the  Bureau  of  Statistics  reports  the  total  values  of  the  exports  of  min¬ 
eral  oils  from  the  United  States  during  the  month  of  December.  1888,  and  during 
the  twelve  months  ended  December  31,  1888,  as  compared  with  similar  exports  dur¬ 
ing  the  corresponding  periods  of  the  preceding  year,  as  follows:  December,  1888, 
$3,419,508:  December,  1837,  $3,985,702;  twelve  months  ended  December  31,  1888, 
$45,969,000;  twelve  months  ended  December  31,  1887,  $45,231,988.  The  exports  from 
the  above-named  ports  comprise  about  99  per  cent,  of  the  total  exports  of  mineral 
oils.  It  is  stated  on  good  authority  that  the  distillation  of  100  gallons  of  crude 
petroleum  will  yield  76  gallons  of  illuminating  oil,  12  gallons  of  gasoline,  benzine, 
or  naphtha,  3  gallons  of  lubricating  oil,  and  9  gallons  of  residuum.  In  the  first  week 
of  January,  1889,  the  price  ranged  from  86  to  87f. 

The  vast  supplies  of  natural  combustible  gas,  which  have  become  such  an  impor¬ 
tant  factor  in  the  industries  of  western  Pennsylvania  and  the  adjacent  regions, 
are  obtained  chiefly  from  the  Trenton  limestones  of  Ohio  and  the  Upper  Coal  Meas¬ 
ures  of  Pennsylvania.  It  is  not  possible  to  state  the  exact  amount  of  consumption 
of  this  fuel  in  cubic  feet.  The  best  basis  of  calciTation  is  the  amount  of  coal  which 
is  displaced  by  the  gas.  From  the  tables  given  by  Joseph  D.  Weeks  (Min.  Res.  U.  S., 
p.  466),  it  appears  that  the  total  consumption  in  1887  was  equivalent  to  coal  dis¬ 
placement  9,867,000  tons,  valued  at  $15,838,500.  This  important  mineral  product  is 
represented  in  the  collection  by  two  small  photographs  of  the  burning  gas  from  two 
wells  in  Ohio. 


410 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Karg  Gas  Well,  Findlay,  Ohio.  Compliments  of  C.  C.  Conroy  and  S.  Comfort, 
New  York. 

Photograph  of  Burning  Gas  illustrating  the  force  and  volume.  Depth  of 
the  well  1,144  feet.  Flows  over  40,000,000  cubic  feet  per  day. 

Conroy  &  Johnson  Gas  Well,  Van  Buren,  Ohio.  Compliments  of  C.  C.  CONROY 
and  S.  Comfort. 

Photograph,  taken  at  night,  of  the  burning  gas,  illustrating  the  force  of  dis¬ 
charge  and  the  volume  of  the  gas. 

FERTILIZERS. 

The  amount  of  phosphate  rock  shipped  from  and  consumed  in  South  Carolina  in 
the  year  1887  was  480,558  long  tons  ;  90  per  cent,  of  the  shipments  from  Charleston 
is  land  rock,  and  from  Beaufort  and  vicinage  is  all  river  and  marsh  rock. 

There  were  also  8,226  long  tons  of  guano,  valued  at  $55,671,  brought  from  island 
rocks  and  keys  appertaining  to  the  United  States.  The  importations  for  1887  reached 
a  total  value  of  $1,887,850.  In  the  year  1888  the  production  of  river  rock  was  190,274 
gross  tons  and  of  land  rock  259,330  long  tons,  of  which  3,650  tons  were  sent 
abroad  and  60,000  tons  were  used  in  South  Carolina,  and  the  remainder  was  manu¬ 
factured  elsewhere.  This  makes  a  total  of  nearly  450,000  tons  mined  in  1888. 

Mexican  Phosphate  and  Sulphur  Company. — H.  Dutard,  president,  A.  Halsey, 

secretary,  H.  M.  Newhall  &  Co.,  agents,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 
Superphosphate  Fertilizer  Compound,  made  in  San  Francisco,  from  genuine 
guano  phosphate,  mined  in  the  Gulf  of  California,  85  to  93  per  cent,  of  phos¬ 
phate  of  lime.  Price  $30  per  ton. 

Over  $600,000  worth  of  this  product  has  been  sold,  and  is  mostly  shipped  to 
Europe. 


GYPSUM,  LIME,  AND  MICA. 

Gypsum  is  an  abundant  mineral  in  the  United  States,  but  at  present  is  obtained 
commercially  chiefly  from  Ohio  and  Michigan.  It  is  abundant  in  the  Black  Hills  of 
Dakota,  in  central  Kansas,  and  throughout  the  Triassic  region  of  the  West.  A  sup¬ 
ply  for  San  Francisco,  Cal. ,  is  procured  from  Santa  Barbara  County.  In  the  year 
1887  the  total  domestic  production  was  estimated  at  95,000  tons,  valued  at  $425,000. 
The  importations  were  4,814.23  long  tons  of  ground  and  calcined,  and  146,703  tons 
of  unground,  chiefly  from  Nova  Scotia.  The  only  examples  in  the  collection  are 
from  the  Ohio  locality,  ten  miles  west  of  Sandusky,  where  beds  occur  in  the  Ohio 
Lower  Helderberg  limestones,  or  water-lime  formation. 

Marsh  &  Co.,  H.  German,  superintendent. 

Gypsum,  Ottawa  County,  Ohio. 

Gypsum,  No.  1  quality  for  calcining. 

Gypsum,  No.  2  quality,  slightly  veined. 

Gypsum,  No.  3  quality,  gray  mottled. 

This  gypsum  lies  under  about  thirteen  feet  of  clay  and  gravel.  The  gray  mottled 
variety,  called  “  Ohio  gray,”  lies  in  detached  masses  of  all  sizes.  Nos.  1  and  2  come 
from  separate  beds,  the  first  being  eight  feet  thick  and  the  second  five  feet.  The 
annual  production  is  10,000  tons. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  411 


Lime  is  produced  in  nearly  all  the  States  and  Territories.  The  production  during 
the  year  1887  is  estimated  at  46,750,000  barrels  of  200  pounds  each,  valued  at 
$23,875,000,  an  average  value  at  the  kiln  of  50  cents. 

Limestone,  magnesian.  From  the  quarry  of  J.  S.  Adam  &  Co.,  lime  manufactur¬ 
ers,  Canaan,  Conn.  Contributed  by  J.  S.  Adam,  Canaan. 

The  industry  of  lime  burning  was  established  in  Canaan  as  ea  ly  as  1820.  Lime 
was  shipped  to  Hartford,  to  the  towns  along  the  Hudson  River,  and  some  as  far  as 
Newark,  N.  J.  There  are  now  four  companies  engaged  in  the  business.  Three  of 
these  use  wood  as  fuel,  and  J.  S.  Adam  &  Co.  use  crude  petroleum  from  Lima, 
Ohio.  In  the  wood-burning  kilns  432  to  576  cubic  feet  of  wood  are  consumed  each 
twenty-four  hours,  with  a  production  of  18,000  pounds  of  lime.  In  the  oil-burning 
kiln  450  gallons  of  oil  are  consumed  in  twenty-four  hours,  with  a  production  of 
21,000  pounds  of  lime.  There  are  altogether  ten  kilns  in  Canaan,  with  a  total  daily 
capacity  of  180,000  pounds  of  lime.  The  market  for  this  product  is  found  in  Con¬ 
necticut,  Massachusetts,  Rhode  Island,  and  New  York. 

Mica  is  used  extensively  in  the  United  States  for  small  lights,  openings,  or  windows 
for  stoves,  permitting  the  fire  to  be  seen.  It  is  mined  chiefly  in  North  Carolina, 
New  Hampshire,  and  Virginia.  The  production  in  1887  was  70,500  pounds,  valued  at 
$142,250.  The  importations  for  the  same  period  were  valued  at  $63,480. 

Maricopa  Mica,  Maricopa  Mountains,  Arizona.  Contributed  from  the  collection 
of  William  P.  Blake. 

This  variety  has  little  commercial  value,  being  marked  internally  by  inclusions  or 
bands  of  other  minerals  or  oxides. 

Muscovite  Mica,  Black  Hills  of  Dakota.  Lent  from  the  collection  of  William  P. 
Blake. 

BUI  LI) INTO  STONE,  MARBLE,  STATES,  ETC. 

The  value  of  building  stone  quarried  in  the  United  States  is  estimated  at  $25,000,000 
for  the  year  1887.  The  use  of  granite,  both  rough  and  polished,  is  extending  rap¬ 
idly  for  building  purposes  and  for  monuments.  The  value  of  this  material  at  the 
quarries  in  1887  is  estimated  at  $7,440,000.  The  marble  industry  is  increasing  in 
importance  yearly.  The  production  in  1887  was  valued  at  $3,100,000.  Sandstone  is 
also  an  important  material ;  its  value  in  1887  is  estimated  at  $6,500,000. 

There  are  several  exhibits  of  the  brown  and  red  sandstone  of  the  Connecticut 
River  quarries,  and  a  special  exhibition  of  the  red  granite  of  Maine  and  of  the 
quartzite  and  granite  of  Minnesota. 

Slate  of  various  colors  is  produced  abundantly  in  the  United  States  in  Maine,  Ver¬ 
mont,  and  Pennsylvania.  The  purple,  green,  and  red  slates  come  chiefly  from 
Vermont.  This  material  is  used  not  only  for  roofing,  but  largely  in  construction, 
especially  for  mantels,  for  tiling,  and  for  tables.  It  is  also  now  employed  for  burial 
cases  and  linings  of  graves. 

The  extent  of  the  production  and  the  chief  localities  are  shown  as  follows: 


412 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Production  of  roofing  slate  in  all  sections  during  the  years  1884, 1885, 1886,  and  1887. 

[Squares  of  100  square  feet  each.] 


Sections. 


Bangor  and  Pen  Argyl  region,  Pennsylvania 

Slatington  section,  Pennsylvania . 

Vermont . 

Maine . 

Chapman’s . 

Peach  Bottom . 

Virginia . 

Michigan . 

Total . 


1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

195, 505 

196,832 

215, 341 

230, 000 

104,000 

108,000 

109,000 

112,000 

85,000 

130,000 

111,385 

120,000 

41,000 

34,000 

36,000 

37,000 

29,499 

26,328 

24,464 

28,439 

10,000 

14,500 

12,000 

20,000 

9,000 

17,300 

16,600 

19, 000 

7,000 

10,000 

12,000 

7,200 

481,004 

5.6, 960 

536,790 

573, 639 

The  average  value  of  slate  at  the  quarries,  loaded  on  cars,  in  1887  was  $8  per 
square.  The  exports  of  slate  reached  a  value  of  $62,052  in  1887. 

Blanchard  Slate  Quarry  Company. — A.  C.  Hamlin,  president,  Blanchard  and 

Bangor,  Me. 

Samples  of  Slate  from  the  Blanchard  quarry. 

This  quarry  is  now  being  worked  and  is  producing  slate  of  superior  quality,  being 
remarkable  for  perfection  of  rift,  tenacity,  and  elasticity.  The  stratum  extends 
from  one  to  two  miles.  (See  also  a  special  display  by  the  company.) 

Drake  Company,  Sioux  Falls,  Dak.  James  H.  Drake,  president. 

Compact  Quartzite  or  Jasper,  Sioux  Falls.  Granite  from  the  Drake  quar¬ 
ries  ;  Minnesota  silicified  wood,  Arizona. 

The  compact  quartzite  is  extensively  quarried  and  used  for  building  and  for  pav¬ 
ing.  The  shipments  last  year  (1888)  from  Minnehaha  County  and  the  Territory  of 
Dakota  (in  which  the  deposit  lies)  were  over  4,000  car-loads.  Number  of  men  em¬ 
ployed,  800. 

The  red  granite  quarries  are  also  extensively  wTorked  for  building-stone,  monu¬ 
ments,  and  paving-blocks.  It  is  used  for  polished  columns,  and  is  sent  to  Califor¬ 
nia,  Texhs,  and  New  England. 

The  silicified  wood  is  from  the  celebrated  petrified  forest  of  Arizona,  and  is  cut 
and  polished  at  the  works  of  the  Drake  Company.  (See  under  heading  of  Precious 
Stones  and  Gems.) 

PRECIOUS  STONES  AND  GEMS. 

Increased  attention  has  been  given  for  a  few  years  past  to  the  occurrence  and  pro¬ 
duction  of  American  gems.  They  have  been  made  the  subject  of  special  articles  by 
George  F.  Kunz.  of  New  York,  who,  in  the  volume  for  1887  of  the  Mineral  Re¬ 
sources  of  the  United  States,  gives  the  following  tabular  statement  of  the  production 
of  precious  stones  in  the  United  States  from  1888  to  1887.  Reference  is  also  made 
to  the  special  display  of  American  gems  by  the  firm  of  Tiffany  &  Co. ,  of  New  York, 
and  the  beautiful  series  of  tourmalines  sent  by  Dr.  Hamlin,  of  Maine. 


Estimated  production  of  precious  stones  in  the  United  States  from  1883  to  1887. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  413 


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UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Tourmalines  of  Mount  Mica,  Maine.  Mount  Mica  Tin  and  Mica  Company  and 
A.  C.  Hamlin,  M.D.,  Bangor,  Me. 

Ten  Cut  Gems,  illustrating  the  gradations  and  varieties  of  color  of  the  trans¬ 
parent  tourmalines  found  at  Mount  Mica,  Maine. 

1.  Square  cut,  nearly  colorless;  faint  shade  of  green,  transparent. 

2.  Square  cut  rubellite,  rose-pink,  transparent. 

8.  Green,  blue-green,  6J  carats  weight. 

4.  Chrysoberyl  green,  6J  carats;  perfect  stone  and  a  very  rare  gem  for 

color  and  brilliance. 

5.  Emerald  green,  oblong  cut;  11£  carats.  One  of  the  finest  gems  found 

in  the  United  States. 

6.  Deep  blue  Indicolite,llf  carats.  The  largest  blue  stone  found  at  Mount 

Mica;  perfect  gem. 

7.  Light  green,  blue  tint;  7|-rV  carats;  rare. 

8.  Pale  rose  tint,  nearly  colorless. 

9.  Deep  garnet  red. 

10.  Pale  grass  green. 

Drake  Company,  J.  H.  Drake,  president,  Sioux  Falls,  Dak. 

Silicified  Agatized  Wood,  from  Chalcedony  Park,  Apache  County,  Ariz. 

A  single  specimen  is  here  shown,  and  reference  is  made  to  the  special  display 
made  by  the  company  for  objects  of  great  size  and  variety.  The  silicifie  1  wood 
from  this  locality  was  first  brought  to  notice  by  the  United  States  Pacific  Railroad 
survey  of  the  thirty-fifth  parallel  of  latitude  under  Lieutenant  Whipple  (vide  Vol. 
Ill,  Pacific  R.  R.  Explor.  and  Surveys). 

The  material  occurs  in  large  quantity,  and  appears  to  be  the  remains  of  an  en¬ 
tombed  forest  of  Auracasians  silicified,  it  is  supposed,  by  infiltrated  or  hot  geyser 
water  after  the  process  by  which  such  material  is  produced  in  the  National  Park 
in  Montana,  and  in  Wyoming,  California,  and  elsewhere;  but,  unlike  any  other 
specimens  heretofore  found,  this  material  is  in  many  cases  perfect  in  its  preserva¬ 
tion,  showing  the  bark  of  the  trees,  with  the  heart  lines  perfect,  and  under  a  micro¬ 
scope  revealing  the  cell  structures  of  the  wood  unimpaired.  It  is  a  scientific  won¬ 
der  because  of  its  remarkable  preservation  and  solidity,  and  it  appeals  to  the  con¬ 
noisseur  of  high  art  and  the  beautiful  because  of  the  exquisite  interblending  of 
every ,  color  of  the  rainbow,  arising  from  the  intermixture  of  various  oxides  in 
solution.  After  several  years  of  experiment  a  process  has  been  found  for  sawing 
and  polishing  this  material,  which  is  very  hard  and  cannot  be  easily  marred  by 
steel  or  stained  by  acids.  Sections  of  these  trees,  several  feet  in  diameter,  have 
been  sawed  and  polished  and  mounted  in  metal  as  table-tops,  and  have  been  found 
in  demand  at  the  highest  prices  ever  paid  for  decorative  material.  It  is  intended  to 
further  utilize  the  material  in  clock  cases,  mantel  decorations,  and  other  ornamental 
work.  It  is  the  testimony  alike  of  experts  and  explorers  that  for  perfection  of 
structure  and  the  wondrous  varieties  of  its  colorings  this  material,  commonly  known 
as  petrified  wood,  is  beyond  comparison  in  beauty  with  that  heretofore  displayed 
from  other  localities. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  415 


MISCELLANEOUS  MINERALS. 

Amblygonite,  Paris,  Me.,  from  Dr.  A.  C.  Hamlin,  Bangor,  Me. 

Blake,  William  P.,  Mining  Engineer,  Mill  Rock,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Minerals  sent  from  his  mineralogical  cabinet. 

Calamine,  Sussex  County,  N.  J. 

Columbite,  Etta  Mine,  Black  Hills,  Dakota. 

Mica  (Muscovite),  Maricopa,  Ariz. 

Mica  (Muscovite),  Black  Hills,  Dakota. 

Pectolite,  massive,  polished,  Tehama  County,  Cal. 

Spodumene,  large  crystalline  mass,  Etta  Mine,  Black  Hills,  Dakota. 
Vanadinite  (crystallized),  Prescott,  Ariz. 

Stromeyerite  (large  mass),  Silver  King  Mine,  Pinal  County,  Ariz. 

Calamine.  Sussex  County,  N.  J.  Lent  by  W.  P.  Blake. 

Columbite.  Large  crystalline  mass.  From  the  Etta  Mine,  Black  Hills,  Dakota. 
Lent  by  W.  P.  Blake. 

Fluor  Spar.  Group  of  crystals  fourteen  inches  square.  Macomb,  St.  Lawrence 
County,  N.  Y.  From  George  F.  Kunz,  New  York  City. 

Gadolinite.  Large  mass.  Bluffton,  near  Llano  County,  Tex.  Lent  by  George  F. 
Kunz,  New  York  City. 

Hamlin,  Dr.  A.  C.,  Bangor,  Me. 

Miner \l  from  Maine  Localities:  Amblygonite  cassiterite;  antimony  sul¬ 
phide;  lepidolite;  clevelandite;  tourmalines,  etc. 

Kunz,  George  F.,  New  York  City. 

Minerals  lent  from  his  cabinet. 

Green  Fluor  Spar,  Macomb,  N.  Y. 

•  Gadolinite.  Eleven  pound  crystal;  near  Bluffton,  Burnett  County,  Tex. 

Lepidolite,  Clevelandite,  Green  Tourmalines,  etc.  Mount  Mica,  Maine.  From 
Dr.  A.  C.  Hamlin,  Bangor,  Me. 

Mammoth  Mine,  Pima  County,  Ariz. 

Wulfenite,  Descloizite,  and  Dechenite.  From  Prof.  Thomas  Price,  San 
Francisco,  Cal. 

Newhall,  H.  M.,  &  Co.,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Crude  and  Manufactured  Borax,  from  Teel’s  Marsh,  Esmeralda  County,  Nev. 
Mexite,  borate  of  lime,  Teel’s  Marsh. 

Tincal,  Teel’s  Marsh. 

Borax,  manufactured  from  the  borates  of  Teel’s  Marsh. 

Pectolite.  Massive,  cut  and  polished.  From  Tehama  County,  Cal.  Lent  by 
W.  P.  Blake. 

Price,  Prof.  Thomas,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Minerals:  From  the  Quijoatoas  Mines,  and  Mammoth  Mine,  Pima  County, 
Ariz. 

Quijoatoas  Mines,  Arizona. 

Arragonite. 

Dogtooth  Spar  in  crystals  on  plumose  manganese  oxyd.  Contributed  by  Prof. 
Thomas  Price,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


416 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Red  Tourmalines  in  Lepidolite.  Andover,  Me.  From  Dr.  A.  C.  Hamlin,  Ban¬ 
gor,  Me. 

For  cut  tourmaline,  as  gems,  see  under  the  head  of  “  Precious  Stones  and  Gems.” 

Slate — Roofing  Slate,  rifted  out,  from  Blanchard,  Me.  From  Dr.  Aug.  C.  Hamlin. 

This  slate  quarry  is  now  being  worked.  Length  of  beds  from  one  to  two  miles; 
width  undetermined.  Remarkable  for  perfection  of  rift,  tenacity,  and  elasticity. 
( See  Special  Exhibition.) 


Spodumene.  Crystalline  mass. 

Etta  Mine,  Black  Hills,  Dak.  Lent  by  William  P.  Blake. 

Uintahite.  Gilson’s  Mine,  Uintah  Mountains,  Uintah  County,  Utah.  Contributed 
by  Joseph  R.  Walker,  Salt  Lake  City. 

An  asphalt  resembling  Albertite.  For  description  see  Transactions  Amer.  Inst. 
Mining  Engineers,  Vol.  XVI,  p.  162;  also,  Eng.  and  Min.  Jour.,  Dec.,  1885. 


Vanadinite — Vanadate  of  Lead.  Yuma  County,  Ariz.  Contributed  by  Prof. 
Thomas  Price,  San  Francisco,  Cal. 


Vanadinite — Vanadate  of  Lead.  From  near  Prescott,  Ariz.  Lent  by  William  P. 
Blake. 


STATISTICAL  TABLES. 


The  approximate  distribution,  in  round  numbers,  by  States  and  Territories,  of  the 
product  of  the  precious  metals  in  the  United  States  substantially  as  estimated  for 
1887  is  Exhibited  in  the  following  table  showing  the  weight  of  the  metal  in  fine 
ounces,  and  the  coining  value  of  the  same:* 


I.  — Distribution  of  the  product  of  gold  and  silver  in  the  United  States  during  the 
calendar  year  1887  by  States  and  Territories. 


State  or  Territory. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

• 

Total  value. 

Fine 

ounces. 

Value. 

Fine 

ounces. 

Value. 

Alaska . . . 

32, 656 

O 

8 

\o 

cS 

232 

$300 

$675,300 

Arizona! . . 

40, 155 

830,000 

2, 939, 129 

3,800,000 

4,630,000 

California . 

648,283 

13,400,000 

1,160,183 

1,500,000 

14,900,000 

Colorado . 

193, 517 

4, 000, 000 

11,601,825 

15,000,000 

19,000,000 

Dakota . 

116,110 

2,400,000 

417,690 

540, 000 

2, 940, 000 

Georgia . 

5,322 

110,000 

387 

500 

110, 500 

Idaho . . . 

91,921 

1,900,000 

2,320,365 

3,000,000 

4,900,000 

Michigan . 

1,258 

26,000 

27, 080 

35. 000 

61,000 

Montana . 

252,976 

5, 230, 000 

11,988,553 

15, 500, 000 

20,730,000 

Nevada . . . 

120,948 

2. 500, 000 

3,789,930 

4, 900, 000 

7,400,000 

New  Mexico . 

24,190 

500, 000 

1,778,947 

2,300,000 

2,800,000 

North  Carolina . 

10,886 

225,000 

3,867 

5,000 

230,000 

Oregon  . 

43, 541 

900, 000 

7,735 

10,000 

910,000 

South  Carolina . 

2,419 

50,000 

387 

500 

50,500 

Utah . 

10,643 

220, 000 

5, 414, 185 

7,000,000 

7,220,000 

Washington . 

7,257 

150, 000 

77, 346 

100,000 

250,000 

Tfvsra.s  . . 

193,364 

250,000 

250,000 

Alabama,  Tennessee,  Virginia,  Ver¬ 

mont,  and  Wyoming . 

967 

20,000 

387 

500 

20, 500 

Total . 

1,603,049 

33, 136, 000 

41,721,592 

53,941,800 

87,077,800 

*  Report  of  the  Director  of  the  United  States  Mint. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  417 


II. — Production  of  gold  and  silver  in  the  United  States  from  the  organization  of 
the  Mint ,  in  1792,  to  1844,  and  annually  since. 

[The  estimate  from  1792  to  1873,  inclusive,  is  by  R.  W.  Raymond,  Commissioner,  and  since  by  the 
Director  of  the  Mint.] 


Years. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

Total. 

Apr.  2, 1792— July  31, 1834 . 

$14,000,000 

Insignificant. 

$14,000,000 

July  31, 1834— December  81, 1844 . 

7, 500,000 

$250,000 

7, 750, 000 

1845 . 

1,008,327 

50,000 

1,058,327 

1846 . 

1,139,357 

50, 000 

1,189,357 

1847 . 

889,085 

50,000 

939, 085 

1848 . 

10, 000, 000 

50, 0C0 

10, 050, 000> 

1849 . 

40,000,000 

50, 000 

40, 050, 000' 

1850 . 

50, 000, 000 

50, 000 

50, 050, 000> 

1851 . 

55, 000, 000 

50, 000 

55, 050, 000' 

1852 . 

60,000,000 

50,000 

60, 050,  OOO 

1853 . 

65, 000, 000 

50,000 

65,050,000 

1854 . 

60, 000, 000 

50, 000 

60, 050, 000 

55,000,000 

50,000 

55, 050, 000 

1856 . 

55,000,000 

50,000 

55, 050, 000 

1857 . 

55, 000, 000 

50,000 

55, 050, 000 

1858 . 

50, 000, 000 

500, 000 

50,500,000 

1859 . 

50, 000, 000 

100, 000 

50, 100, 000 

1860 . 

46, 000, 000 

150, 000 

46, 150, 000 

1861 . 

43, 000, 000 

2,000,000 

45,000,000 

1862  . 

39,200,000 

4,500,000 

43, 700, 000 

1863 . 

40,000,000 

8,500,000 

48, 500, 000 

1864 . 

46, 100, 000 

11,000,000 

57, 100, 000 

1865 . 

53, 225, 000 

11,250,000 

64,475,000 

1866 . 

53, 500, 000 

10, 000, 000 

63, 500, 000 

1867 . 

51,725,000 

13, 500, 000 

65,225,000 

1868 . 

48, 000, 000 

12, 000, 000 

60,000,000 

1869 . 

49,500,000 

12,000,000 

61,000,000 

1870 . 

50,000,000 

16,000,000 

66, 000, 000 

1871 . 

43,500,000 

23,000,000 

66, 500, 000 

1872 . 

36, 000, 000 

28,750,000 

64,750,000 

1873 . 

36, 000, 000 

35, 750, 000 

71,750,000 

1874  . 

33, 500, 000 

37, 300, 000 

70,800,000 

1875 . 

33, 400, 000 

31,700,000 

65, 100, 000 

1876 . 

39, 900, 000 

38, 800, 000 

78,700. 000 

1877 .  . 

46.900,000 

39, 800, 000 

86,700,000 

1878 . 

51,200,000 

45, 200, 000 

96, 400, 000 

1879 . 

38, 900,000 

40, 800, 000 

79,700, 000 

1880 . 

36, 000, 000 

39, 200, 000 

75, 200, 000 

1881 . 

34, 700, 000 

43. 000, 000 

77, 700, 000 

1882 . 

32,500,000 

46, 800, 000 

79, 300, 000 

1883 . . 

30, 000, 000 

46,200,000 

76, 200, 000 

1884 . 

30, 800, 000 

48, 800, 000 

79,600,000 

1885 . 

31,800,000 

51,600,000 

83, 400, 000 

1886 . 

35, 000, 000 

51,000,000 

86, 000, 000' 

1887 . 

33, 000, 000 

53,350,000 

86, 350,000 

Total . 

1,772,886,769 

803, 450, 000 

2,576,336,769 

Through  the  courtesy  of  the  Mint  Bureau,  we  are  enabled  to  supply  the  precise 
official  figures  of  the  coinage  of  the  mints  of  the  United  States  for  the  calendar  year 
of  1888  as  follows: 


418 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


III. — Gold  and  silver  coinage  at  the  mints  of  the  United  States. 

[From  the  Financial  and  Mining  Record,  January  19,  1889.J 


Denomination. 

Pieces. 

Value. 

1,085,866 
803,031 
312, 196 
5,291 
16,098 
16,080 

$21,717,320.00 
8,030,310. 00 
1,560,980.00 
15,873.00 
40,245.00 
16,080.00 

Half  eagles . 

Three  dollars . 

Quarter-eagles . 

Dollars .  . 

Total  gold . 

2,238,562 

31, 380,8i  8.  CO 

Standard  dollars .  . 

31,990,833 
12,833 
1,226,833 
7, 216, 487 

31, 990, 8S3. 00 
6,416.50 
306, 708. 25 
721,648.70 

Half  dollars . 

Quarter  dollars .  . 

Dimes . 

Total  silver .  ...  .  . 

40,446,986 

33,025,606.45 

Five  cents . .  . 

10,720,483 

41,083 

37,494,414 

536, 024. 15 
1,232.49 
374,944. 14 

Three  cents . 

One  cent . .  .  .  . 

Total  minor . 

48,255,980 

912, 200. 78 

Total  coinage . 

90,941,528 

65, 318, 615. 23 

IV. — Dividends  paid  by  some  American  mines  in  the  year  1888,  and  the  total  to  date 

for  the  mines  named. 


[From  the  Engineering  and  Mining  Journal,  January,  1889.] 


Name  of  company. 

Location  of  mine. 

| 

Amount  of 
dividends 
paid  in  1888. 

Total  amount 
of  dividends 
paid  to  date. 

Present  mar¬ 
ket  value  of 
the  company. 

Alice 

Montana . 

$25,000 

$775,000 

$400,000 

Alma,  . 

Nevada . 

45,000 

45,000 

(*) 

A  spon  . 

Colorado . 

80,000 

80,000 

(*) 

Atlantic 

Michigan . 

120,000 

480,000 

720,000 

A  ltiira.s  . 

Idaho . 

112, 500 

264,250 

300,000 

Boston  and  Montana  Copper . 

Montana . 

400,000 

400,000 

7,000,000 

Bunker  Hill  find.  Sullivan 

Idaho . 

110,000 

110,000 

(*) 

Oaledonia 

Dakota . 

16,000 

56,000 

355,000 

Calumet  and  Hecla . 

Michigan . 

2,000,000 

31,350,000 

29,800,000 

Cla.rlislfi  .  .  . 

New  Mexico . 

175,000 

175,000 

450,000 

Central  ...  . 

Michigan . 

70,000 

1,890,000 

400,000 

Colorado  Central  . 

Colorado . 

82,500 

351,250 

613,750 

Confidence 

Nevada . 

174,720 

174,720 

374,400 

Cons  Cal  and  Va 

....  do . 

1,188,000 

140,000 

2,440,800 

2,160,000 

Copper  Queen  Con . 

Arizona . 

140,000 

.  (*) 

Crescent  . . . 

Utah . 

18, 000 

228,000 

(*) 

"Hnlv  . 

_ do . 

487,500 

862, 500 

2,400,000 

Beer  Creek 

Idaho . 

10, 000 

10,000 

240,000 

Bun  kin  . . . 

Colorado . 

100,000 

350,000 

180,000 

Bunstone 

Montana . 

6,000 

6,000 

(*) 

Evening  Star . 

Colorado . 

12,500 

1,412,500 

(*) 

Eureka 

Nevada . 

87,500 

4, 955, 000 

150,000 

Franklin  . 

Michigan . 

160,000 

800,000 

640,000 

Garfield . . 

Nevada . 

25,000 

85, 000 

350,000 

REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M.  419 


IV. — Dividends  paid  by  some  American  mines  in  the  year  1888 — Continued. 


I 

Name  of  company. 


Golconda . 

Granite . 

Granite  Mountain . 

Hale  and  Norcross . 

Hecla  Consolidated . 

Homestake . 

Hope . 

Hubert . 

Idaho . 

Iron  Silver . 

Jay  Gould  . 

Little  Chief . 

Mammoth . 

Mary  Murphy . 

Mascotte . 

Montana,  Limited  . 

Morning  Star . 

Mount  Diablo . . . 

New  Guston  Co.,  Limited. 

North  Belle  Isle . 

North  Star . 

Ontario . 

Original . 

Osceola . 

Pamlico . 

Parrott . 

Pittsburg . 

Plumas-Eureka . 

Plymouth  Consolidated . . . 

Poorman . . 

Quicksilver  Preferred . 

Quincy . 

Sherwood . 

Sierra  Buttes . 

Sierra  Nevada . 

Silver  Mg.  of  Lake  Valley. 

Standard . 

Swansea . 

Tamarack . . 

Viola,  Limited . 

Total,  64  companies 

In  1887,  63  companies . 

In  1886,  59  companies . 


Location  of  mine. 

Amount  of 
dividends 
paid  in  1888. 

Total  amount  Present  mar- 
of  dividends  ket  value  of 
paid  to  date,  the  company. 

Idaho . 

$120, 000 

$120,000 

(*) 

_ do . 

10,000 

10,000 

(*) 

Montana . 

1,600,000 

5,200,000 

$14,000,000 

Nevada . 

224,000 

1,822,500 

616,000 

Montana . 

100,000 

1 , 257, 500 

(*) 

Dakota . 

300,000 

4,293,750 

2,750,000 

Montana . 

50,000 

233, 252 

450, 000 

Colorado . 

18,000 

239,500 

(*) 

California . 

&56, 500 

5, 057, 650 

(*) 

Colorado . 

300,000 

2,400,000 

1,600,000 

Montana . . . 

226,000 

321,000 

(*) 

Colorado . 

20,000 

800,000 

40,000 

Utah . 

50,000 

70,000 

<*) 

QC 

175, 000 

. .  do . 

2,500 

2,500 

Montana . 

412, 500 

2,093,467 

6,600,000 

Colorado . 

50, 000 

800,000 

(*) 

Nevada . 

40,000 

120,000 

125,000 

Colorado . 

100, 000 

100,000 

(*) 

Nevada . 

200,000 

230,000 

280,000 

California . 

150, 000 

150,000 

(*) 

Utah . 

900,000 

9, 725, 000 

4,875,000 

Montana . 

6,000 

123,000 

(*) 

Michigan . 

150,000 

1,172,500 

950,000 

Nevada . . 

21,000 

21,000 

(*) 

Montana . 

144, 000 

300,000 

(*) 

Nevada . 

29,850 

29,850 

300,000 

California . 

70,310 

2,425,000 

35,131 

—  do . 

80,000 

2,320,000 

900,000 

Colorado . 

25,000 

25,000 

(*) 

California . 

282, 663 

1,337,575 

1,505,000 

Michigan  . . 

360,000 

4,970,000 

3,400,000 

Missouri . 

3,000 

6,000 

(*) 

California . 

15,312 

1,568,145 

306,250 

Idaho . 

20,000 

20,000 

(*) 

New  Mexico . 

25,000  1 

25,000 

100,000 

California . 

50,000 

3,595,000 

100,000 

Colorado . 

3,000 

6,000 

(*) 

Michigan . . 

640,000 

600,000 

6,280,000 

Idaho . 

93,750 

337,500 

300,000 

13,061,105 

.  101,483,709 

90,045,531 

10, 515, 753 

98,519,767 

89,096,135 

10,282,093 

81,751,981 

85,707,771 

*  Stocks  not  quoted  on  any  exchange. 

The  above  table  includes  dividends  paid  in  cash  only  from  mines  located  in  the  United  States,  and 
the  figures  given  are  almost  all  from  official  sources.  There  are  also  a  large  number  of  dividend  pay¬ 
ing  properties  worked  and  owned  by  private  individuals  or  “  close  corporations,”  of  which  it  is  im¬ 
possible  to  secure  an  accurate  record. 


420 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS, 


V. — Dividends  declared  in  1884,  1885,  1886,  1887,  and  1888. 


1884. 

1885. 

1886. 

1887. 

1888. 

Arizona . 

$372,500 

$200,000 

$225,000 

$175,000 

$140,000 

California  . 

1,714,474 

1,132,169 

1,035,684 

877,085 

1,004,785 

Colorado . 

1,349,000 

1,542,000 

2,044,250 

1,427,500 

881,000 

Dakota . 

578,250 

775,000 

773,500 

400,700 

316,000 

Idaho  . 

87,500 

195, 000 

75,000 

476, 250 

Michigan . 

1,802,500 

1,970,000 

1,900,000 

1,575,000 

3, 500,000 

Missouri . 

40,000 

66,000 

184,000 

93,000 

3,000 

Montana . 

847,000 

1, 377, 050 

2,439,622 

3, 127,918 

3, 049, 500 

Nevada . 

198,500 

175,000 

436,287 

1,328,000 

2,035,070 

New  Hampshire . 

15,000 

18,750 

3,750 

New  Mexico . 

199,000 

70, 000 

79,000 

200,000 

North  Carolina . 

37,200 

Utah . . 

2, 137, 500 

1,055,000 

975,000 

1,357,500 

1,456,500 

Vermont  . 

31,000 

30,000 

Total . 

9,284,724 

8, 465, 669 

10,282,093 

10,515,703 

13,061,105 

VI. — Assessments  levied,  or  calls  upon  the  shareholder  shy  mining  companies  in  1888. 


Name  and  location  of 
company. 

Total 
levied  in 
1888. 

Total 
levied  to 
date. 

Name  and  location  of 
company. 

Total 
levied  in 
1888. 

Total 
levied  to 
date. 

$80, 000 

$657, 000 

Keyes,  Nev 

$95, 000 

$95, 000 

Alpha  M.  and  M.,  Nev  . . . 

52, 500 

52,500 

King  of  West,  Idaho _ 

15,000 

45,000 

52, 500 

562, 500 

Kossuth,  Nev  . 

10, 800 

433, 000 

Alta,  Nev . 

108,000 

2,248,800 

Lady  Washington,  Nev. 

27,000 

107,000 

Andes,  Nev . 

50,000 

950, 000 

Locomotive,  Ariz . 

25, 000 

100,000 

Anchor,  Utah . 

105,000 

175, 000 

Mayflower,  Cal . 

175,000 

435,000 

Baltimore,  Nev . 

75, 000 

75, 000 

Mexican,  Nev . 

50,400 

3, 380, 600 

Belcher,  Nev . 

156,000 

2,770,000 

Mikado,  Mich . 

6,000 

15, 200 

Bellevu e-Idaho,  Idaho  . . . 

18,750 

76,250 

Mono,  Cal . 

25,000 

685,000 

Benton  Cons. ,  Nev 

108,000 

556,000 

Navajo,  Nev . 

30,000 

455, 000 

Best  &  Belcher,  Nev . 

100,800 

2j 054, 590 

Navajo  Queen,  Nev . 

20,000 

30,000 

Bodie  Cons.,  Cal . 

100,000 

500,000 

North  Belle  Isle,  Nev  ... 

50, 000 

275,000 

Bodie  Tunnel,  Cal . 

25,000 

245,000 

North  Bonanza,  Nev .... 

15,000 

230,000 

Bullion,  Nev . . 

50,000 

4,007,000 

N.  Commonwealth,  Nev. 

30, 000 

30,000 

Bulwer,  Cal . 

20,000 

80, 000 

North  Peer,  Ariz . 

5,000 

11,000 

Caledonia,  Nev . 

15,000 

3, 170,000 

Occidental  Con.,  Nev  . . . 

45, 000 

70,000 

Challenge  Cons.,  Nev _ 

25,000 

55,000 

Ophir,  Nev. . . . 

50,400 

4, 109, 840 

Chollar,  Nev . 

112,000 

1,428,000 

Paradise  Valley,  Nev  . . . 

25,000 

57,000 

Concord,  N.  C . 

3,000 

6,000 

Peerless,  Ariz . 

25,000 

345,000 

Concordia  Nev 

75, 000 

75, 000 

Phil  Sheridan,  Nev . 

10,000 

30, 000 

Commonwealth,  Nev  .... 

50,000 

170,000 

Pondere,  Nev . 

5,000 

5,000 

Cons.  Imperial  Nev  .... 

25,000 

1,800,000 

Potosi,  Nev . 

112,000 

1,405,600 

Coeur  d’Alene,  Idaho  .... 

25,000 

25, 000 

Russell,  Cal . 

25, 000 

50,000 

Crocker,  Ariz . 

25,000 

105,000 

Sampson,  Utah . 

100,000 

288, 257 

Crown  Point,  Nev. . . . 

150, 000 

2, 825, 000 

Savage,  Nev . 

112,000 

6, 436, 000 

Del  Monte,  Nev . 

25, 000 

25, 000 

Scorpion,  Nev . 

10, 000 

295, 000 

Diana,  Nev . 

10,000 

75,000 

Seabury-Calkins,  Dak . . . 

3,750 

27, 500 

Exchequer,  Nev . 

40,000 

790,000 

Seg.  Eelcher,  Nev . 

25,000 

25, 000 

Found  Treasure,  Nev .... 

18,000 

24,000 

Sierra  Nevada,  Nev . 

75,000 

.6,125,000 

Flowery,  Nev . 

20,000 

130, 000 

Silver  King,  Ariz . 

50,000 

50, 000 

Gould  &  Curry,  Nev . 

140, 400 

4, 337, 400 

Summit,  Ariz . . 

5,000 

117,500 

Grand  Prize,  Nev  .... 

25, 000 

640, 000 

Taylor  Plumas,  Cal . 

6,000 

10,000 

Heath,  Idaho . . . 

5,000 

25,000 

Tioga  Cons.,  Cal . 

10,000 

295,000 

Himalaya,  Utah . 

900 

2, 700 

Trojan,  Nev . 

10,000 

360, 000 

Iron  Hill,  Dak  . 

36,250 

118,750 

Tuscarora,  Nev . 

5,000 

5,000 

John  Duncan,  Mich . 

1,000 

2,000 

Utah  Cons., Nev . 

50, 000 

120,000 

Justice,  Nev . 

52, 500 

3,544,000 

[  Union,  Utah . 

1,000 

7,000 

REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M. 


421 


VII. — Statistics  of  the  production  of  gold,  silver,  lead,  and  copper  in  the  States 
and  Territories  west  of  the  Missouri  River  during  the  year  1888  (to  January  1, 
1889). 

[Copy  -of  the  annual  statement  issued  by  John  J.  Valentine,  vice-president  and  general  manager* 

Wells,  Fargo  &  Co.] 

San  Francisco,  December  31,  1888. 

William  P.  Blake, 

Special  Agent,  U.  S.  Mineral  Collection,  New  York  : 

Dear  Sir:  The  following  is  a  copy  of  our  annual  statement  of  precious  metals 
produced  in  the  States  and  Territories  west  of  the  Missouri  River  (including  British 
Columbia,  and  receipts  by  express  from  the  West  Coast  States  of  Mexico)  during 
1888,  which  shows  aggregate  products  as  follows :  Gold.  $30,468,052 ;  silver, 
$54,348,420:  copper,  $18,261,490;  lead,  $11,263,630.  Total  gross  result,  $114,341,592. 

As  stated  repeatedly,  the  facilities  afforded  for  the  transportation  of  bullion,  ores, 
and  base  metals  by  the  extension  of  railroads  into  mining  districts  increase  the  diffi¬ 
culty  of  verifying  the  reports  of  the  products  from  several  important  localities ; 
especially  is  this  the  case  in  the  reports  from  Colorado  and  Montana.  And  the  gen¬ 
eral  tendency  is  to  exaggeration  when  the  actual  values  are  not  obtainable  from 
authentic  sources ;  but  the  aggregate  result,  as  shown  herein,  we  think  may  be 
relied  on  with  reasonable  confidence  as  approximately  correct. 


States  and  Territories. 


California . 

Nevada . 

Oregon . 

Washington . 

Alaska . 

Idaho . 

Montana . 

TJtah . 

Colorado . 

New  Mexico . 

Arizona . . 

Dakota . 

Mexico  (West  Coast  States) 
British  Columbia . 


Total 


Gold  dust 
and  bullion 
by  express. 


$9,160,083 


2,876, 

601, 

94, 


2,635, 

5. 100, 
277 

3.100, 
193, 
712, 

2, 390, 

479. 


Gold  dust 
and  bullion 
by  other 
conveyances. 


27, 622, 020 


$916,008 


100,000 

30,000 

820,000 


Silver  bullion 
by  express. 


50,000 

100,000 

100,000 


$652, 652 
6, 858, 520 


3, 700, 000 
11,500,000 
3,479, 138 
17, 725, 100 
183, 641 
850,798 
453,216 
1,195,673 


Ores  and 
base  bullion 
by  freight. 


$1,334,725 
2, 570, 808 


2,350,000 
15,776,000 
3, 800,383 
5,930,400 
2,782,040 
3,460,470 


2,116,008  46,598,738  38,004,826 


Total. 


$12, 063, 468 
12,305,603 
701,566 
124,112 
820,000 
8, 685, 000 
32,376,000 
7,557,241 
26, 755, 500 
3, 209, 279 
5,123,868 
2, 943, 932 
1,196,623 
479,400 


114,341,592 


The  gross  yield  for  1888,  shown  above,  segregated,  is  approximately  as  follows: 


Gold  (26.65). . . 
Silver  (47.53) . . 
Copper  (15.97) 
Lead  (9.85)  . . . 


$30, 468, 052 
54,348,420 
18,261,490 
11,263,630 


Total 


114,341,592 


422 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Annual  products  of  lead,  copper,  silver,  and  gold  in  the  States  and  Territories  west 
of  the  Missouri  River,  1870-1888. 


Year. 

Production  as 
per  Wells, 
Fargo  &  Co.’s 
statements, 
including 
amounts  from 
British  Colum¬ 
bia  and  west 
coast  of  Mex¬ 
ico. 

Product  after 
deducting 
amounts  from 
British  Colum¬ 
bia  and  west 
coast  of  Mex¬ 
ico. 

1870  . 

$54,000,000 

$52,150,000 

1871 . 

58,284,000 

55,784,000 

1872 . 

62,236,959 

60,351,824 

1873 . 

72, 258, 693 

70, 139, 860 

1874 . 

74,401,045 

71,965,610 

1875 . 

80,889,057 

76,703,433 

1876 . 

90,875, 173 

87,219,859 

1877 . 

98,421,754 

95,811,582 

1878 . . 

81,154,622 

78,276,167 

1879 . 

75,349,501 

72,688,888 

1880 . 

80,167,936 

77,232,512 

1881  . 

84,504,417 

81,198,474 

1882 . . . 

92,411,835 

89,207, 549 

1883 . 

90,313,612 

84,639,212 

1884 . 

84,975,954 

81,633,835 

1885 . 

90,181,260 

87,311,382 

1886 . 

103,011,761 

100, 160,222 

1887 . 

104,645,959 

103,327,770 

1888 . 

114,341,592 

112,665,569 

The  net  products  of  the  States  and  Territories 
west  of  the  Missouri  River,  exclusive  of  Brit¬ 
ish  Columbia  and  west  coast  of  Mexico,  di¬ 
vided,  is  as  follows: 


Lead. 

Copper. 

Silver. 

Gold. 

$1,080,000 

$17,320,000 

$33,750, 000- 

2, 100,000 

19,286,000 

34,398,000 

2, 250, 000 

19,924,429 

38, 177, 395 

3,450,000 

27,483,302 

39, 206, 558 

3,800,000 

29,699, 122 

38,466,488 

5,100,000 

31,635,239 

39,968,194 

5,040,000 

39,292,924 

42,886,935 

5,085,250 

45,846, 109 

44,880,223 

3,452,000 

37,248, 137 

37,576,030 

4, 185,769 

37,032,875 

31,470,262 

5,742,390 

$898,000 

38,033,055 

32,559,067 

6,361,902 

1,195,000 

42,987,613 

30, 653, 950 

8,008,155 

4,055,037 

48,133,039 

29,011,318 

8,163,550 

5,683,921 

42,975, 101 

27,816,640 

6,&34,091 

6,086,252 

43,529,925 

25, 183,567 

8,562,991 

7,838,036 

44,516,599 

26, 393, 756- 

9, 185, 192 

9,276,755 

52,136,851 

29,561,424 

9,631,073 

10,362,746 

50,833,884 

32, 500,067 

11,263,630 

18,261,490 

53, 152,747 

29,987,702 

The  exports  of  silver  during  the  past  year  to  Japan,  China,  the  Straits,  etc.,  have 
been  as  follows :  From  London,  $25,793,207;  from  Marseilles,  $1,128,688;  from 
San  Francisco,  $14,621,431.  Total,  $41,543,326,  as  against  $43,006,618  last  year. 
Pounds  sterling  estimated  at  $4.84. 


Statement  of  the  product  of  gold  and  silver  in  the  Republic  of  Mexico,  revised  and 
corrected  from  1877  to  1888. 


Years. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

Total. 

1877-1878 . 

$747, 000 

$24,837,000 

$25,584,000’ 

1878-1879 . . . 

881,000 

25, 125, 000 

26,006,000 

1879-1880 . . 

942,000 

26,800,000 

27, 742, 000 

1880-1881 . . . . 

1,013,000 

29,234,000 

30, 247, 000 

1881-1882 . . 

937,000 

29,329,000 

30,266,000 

1882-1883 . . . . 

956,000 

29, 569, 000 

30, 525, 000 

1883-1884 . . .  . 

1,055,000 

31,695,000 

32, 750, 000 

1884-1885 . . . 

914,000 

33,226,000 

34, 140,000 

1885-1886 . 

1,026,000 

34,112,000 

35, 138,000 

1886-1887 . 

1,047,000 

34,600,000 

35,647,000 

1887-1888 . 

1,031,000 

34,912,000 

35,943,000 

Total . . . 

10,549,000 

333,439,000 

343,988,000 

REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  M. 


423 


Exhibit  of  coinage  of  gold,  silver,  and  copper  in  the  Republic  of  Mexico  from  the 
ls£  of  July,  1873,  to  the  30th  of  June,  1888. 


1873- 1874. . . 

1874- 1875... 

1875- 1876... 

1876- 1877. . . 

1877- 1878. . . 

1878- 1879.. . 

1879- 1880... 

1880- 1881... 
1881-1882. . . 

1882- 1883... 

1883- 1884. .. 

1884- 1885. . . 

1885- 1886... 

1886- 1887. . . 

1887- 1888.  . 

Total 


Years. 


Gold  dollars. 


866,743 
862, 619 
809, 401 
695,750 
691,998 


Silver  dollars. 


18,846,067 
19,386,958 
19,454,054 
21,415, 128 
22,084,203 


Copper  dollars. 


15, 966 
21,712 
30,654 
9,035 
41,364 


658,206 
521,826 
492, 068 


22, 162, 987 
24,018,528 
24, 617,395 


16,300 

14,035 

42,258 


452,590 


25,146,260 


11,972 


407, 600 
328,698 
423,250 
425,000 
410,000 
340,320 


24,083,921 

25,377,379 

25,840,728 

25,850,000 

25,600,000 

26,711,000 


8,386,069 


350,594,608 


203,296 


SUMMARY. 


Gold .  |8,386,069 

Silver .  350, 594, 608 

Copper . 203,296 


Grand  total .  359, 183, 973 


Exhibit  of  the  coinage  of  Mexico  from  the  establishment  of  the  mints  in  1537  to  the 
end  of  the  fiscal  year  of  1888. 


Epoch. 

Gold. 

Silver. 

Copper. 

Total. 

Colonial. 

Unmilled  coin  from  1537  to  1731 . 

Pillar  coin,  1732  to  1771 . 

Bust  coin,  1772  to  1821 . 

Independence. 

Iturbide’s  Imperial  Bust,  from  1822  to  1823 . 

Republic  Eagle— 1824  to  June  30,  1873  . 

Republic. 

Eagle  coin  from  July  1,  1873,  to  June  30,  1888  . . 

$8,497,950 

19,889,014 

40.391.447 

$752,067,456 

441,629,211 

888,563,989 

$200,000 

342, 893 

$760, 765, 406 
461,518, 225 
929, 298, 329 

68,778,411 

2, 082, 260, 656 

542,893 

2,151,581,960 

557,392 

45,040,628 

18,575,569 
740, 246, 485 

5, 235, 177 

19, 132, 961 
790, 522, 290 

45, 598, 020 

758,822,054 

5, 235, 177 

809,655,251 

8,386,069 

350, 594, 608 

203, 296 

359,183,973 

Colonial  epoch,  from  1537  to  1821,  $2,151,581,960;  Independence,  from  1822  to 
1873,  $809,655,251;  Republic,  from  1873  to  1888,  $359,183,973.  Total,  $3,320,421,184. 

The  exhibits  of  production  and  mintage  indicate  a  steady  development  of  the 
mining  interests  of  the  United  States  of  America,  and  also  of  Mexico,  and,  with  the 
increasing  facilities  of  railway  communication  fostering  every  department  of  indus¬ 
try,  the  outlook  for  a  continued  growth  in  the  product  of  precious  metals  is 
flattering. 


John  J.  Valentine. 


APPENDIX  N 


LIST  OF  AWARDS  TO  UNITED  STATES  EXHIBITORS  AND 

COLLABORATORS. 

GRAND  PRIZES. 


Class. 

Exhibitor. 

Address. 

Exhibit. 

62 

American  Bell  Telephone  Co . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Telephones  and  appliances. 

73 

Bergner  and  Engel  Brewing  Co . . . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Lager  beer. 

53 

Brown  and  Sharp  Manufacturing 

Providence,  R.  I ...... . 

Machine  tools. 

Co. 

S.  E.* 

Washington,  D.  C . 

National  and  State  reports. 

S.  E.* 

....  do . 

Reports  on  technical  education. 

....  do  . 

Reports  and  monographs. 

8 

....  do . 

Reports. 

8 

Bureau  of  Education . 

....  do . 

Reports. 

6 

Boston  Public  Schools . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Text-books  and  students’  work. 

9 

Century  Company . 

New  York  City . 

Books  and  magazines. 

43 

Department  of  State . 

Washington,  D.  C  .  ... 

Illustration  of  textile  industries. 

44 

Department  of  Agriculture . 

_ do . 

Tobaccos. 

67 

do . . 

. . . .do . 

Cereals. 

73  vis 

do  . 

....  do . 

Native  wines. 

76 

do  . 

....  do . 

Useful  and  injurious  insects. 

52 

Edison,  Thomas  A . 

Llewellyn  Park,  N.  J| . . 

Electric  appliances,  telephone,  and 

phonograph. 

57 

Fay  A  J  &  Co  . 

Cincinnati,  Ohio . 

Wood-working  machines. 

10 

Fairchild  Leroy  W.,&  Co . 

New  York  City . 

Gold  pens,  pen  and  pencil  cases. 

62 

Gray,  Elisha . . 

Highland  Park,  Ill  ... . 

Electrical  appliances. 

19 

Hawkes  T  C 

Corning,  N.  Y . 

Glass. 

60 

Healey  &  Co  . .  . 

New  York  City . 

Carriages. 

56 

International  Button-Hole  Sew¬ 

Boston,  Mass . 

Sewing-machines. 

ing  Machine  Co. 

8 

Johns  Hopkins  University 

Baltimore,  Md  ,  . 

Publications  and  photographs. 

49 

McCormick  Harvesting  Machine 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Reapers  and  mowers. 

Co. 

1 

Melchers  J  Gari 

j  Paris . 

Oil-painting. 

61 

Pennsylvania  R.  R.  Co . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Car  wheels,  rails,  and  rolling  stock. 

8 

Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute. . 

Troy,  N.  Y . 

Text-books  and  school  work. 

15 

Rowland  H  A  . 

Baltimore,  Md . 

Optical  gratings. 

76 

Riley  C.V . 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Economic  entomology. 

47 

Salomon  R  A  . 

Newark,  N.J  . 

Leather. 

1 

Sargent,  John  S . 

Chelsea,  London, 

Oil-painting. 

England. 

8 

Secretary  of  War . . . 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Reports  of  scientific  expeditions. 

36 

Stetson  &  Co  . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Hats. 

53 

Sellers  William,  &  Co . 

....  do . 

Tool-grinding,  pointing,  and  shaping 

machines. 

424 


*  Social  Economy. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  N. 


425 


List  of  awards— Grand  prizes. 


Class. 

Exhibitor. 

Address. 

Exhibit. 

8 

Smithsonian  Institution . 

Washington,  D.  C  .  ... 

Reports,  etc. 

62 

Lynn,  Mass . 

Inventions  pertaining  to  electricity. 

24 

Tiffany  &  Co . 

New  York  City . 

Silverware. 

63 

United  States  Corps  of  Engineers. 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Methods  of  civil  engineering. 

16 

_ do . 

Charts  and  reports. 

12 

United  States  Geological  Survey. . 

_ do . 

Photographic  transparencies. 

16 

....  do . 

Reports  and  charts. 

8 

...  .do . 

Do. 

41 

. . .  .do . 

....  do . 

Collection  of  ores  and  minerals  of  the 

United  States. 

8 

United  States  Signal  Service 

....do . 

Charts,  monographs,  and  instru¬ 

ments. 

15 

....  do 

....  do . 

Meteorological  instruments. 

16 

. do . 

. .  do . 

Do. 

16 

United  States  Coast  and  Geodetic 

....do  . 

Charts. 

Survey. 

15 

United  States  Naval  Observatory 

. . .  .do . 

Time-service,  Gardner  system. 

8 

University  of  the  State  of  New 

Albany,  N.  Y . 

Reports. 

York. 

49 

Walter  A.  Wood . 

Hoosick  Falls,  N.  Y  . . . 

Harvesters  and  reapers. 

56 

Wheeler  and  Wilson  Manufactur¬ 

Bridgeport,  Conn . 

Sewing-machines. 

ing  Co. 

38 

Winchester  Repeating  Arms  Co. . 

New  Haven,  Conn  .... 

Small-arms. 

52 

Worthington  Pumping  Machine 

New  York  City . 

Pumps. 

Co. 

SPECIAL  PRIZES— FIELD  TRIALS. 


Class. 

Exhibitor. 

Address. 

Award. 

Exhibit. 

49 

Whitman  Agricultural  Co . 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Grand  prize,  ob¬ 

Steam  fodder  press. 

ject  of  art. 

49 

Wood,  Walter  A.,  Manufactur¬ 

Hoosick  Falls, 

—  do . 

Reaper  and  binder. 

ing  Co. 

N.  Y. 

49 

Johnston  Harvester  Co . . . 

Batavia,  N.  Y. . 

First  prize,  gold 

Do. 

medal. 

49 

McCormick  Harvesting  Ma¬ 

Chicago,  Ill . 

|  —  do . 

Do. 

chine  Co . 

49 

Wood,  Walter  A.,  Manufactur¬ 

Hoosick  Falls, 

1 . . .  do . 

Mowing-machines. 

ing  Co. 

N.  Y. 

49 

...  .do . 

....  do . 

....  do . 

Reaper. 

49 

Bradley  &  Co . 

Syracuse,  N.  Y  . . . 

Second  prize,  sil¬ 

Do. 

ver  medal. 

49 

Johnston  Harvester  Co . 

Batavia,  N.  Y . 

....do . 

Do. 

SPECIAL  PRIZES— FOR  REPRODUCTIVE  ANIMALS. 


Horses. 

Bennett,  E.  R . . 

Topeka,  Kans . 

Silver  medal  and 

Two-year  colt. 

400  francs. 

....do  . . 

....  do . 

Silver  medal  and 

Three-year  stallion. 

600  francs. 

_ do . . . 

....  do . 

Silver  medal  and 

Three-year  mare. 

1 

500  francs. 

426 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


List  of  awards— Special  prizes. 


Class. 

Exhibitor. 

Address. 

Award. 

Exhibit. 

Horses. 

Bennett,  E.  R . 

Topeka,  Kans. 

Bronze  medal  and 

Four-year  stallion. 

500  francs. 

....  do . 

_ do . 

Bronze  medal  and 

Four-year  mare. 

400  francs. 

SPECIAL  PRIZES— FOR  PERMANENT  COLLECTION. 


82 

E.  B.  Fernon . 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Silver  medal . 

Perishable  and  ev¬ 

ergreen  leaves. 

82 

....  do  . . 

....  do . 

Mention . 

Resins  in  pure 

grain. 

GOLD  MEDALS. 


Class. 


2 

8 

52 

53 

59 

41 

9 

52 

70,71 


12 

6 


47 

49 

73 

36 

47 

6 


67 

39 

45 

52 

10 

6 


73 


70,71 

6 

45 

6 

73 

75 


Exhibitor. 

Address. 

Abbey,  E.  A . 

Bedford  Gardens, 

London,  England. 

American  Museum  of  Natural 

New  York  City . 

History. 

...  do . . 

Providence,  R.  I . 

American  Writing-Machine  Co. . . 

Hartford,  Conn . 

Anaconda  Mining  Co . 

Montana  . 

Appleton  &  Co .  . . 

New  York  City . 

Armington  &  Sons . 

Providence,  R.  I . 

Armour  &  Co . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Barker,  George . 

Niagara  Falls,  N.  Y  . . 

j  Bardeen,  C.  W.,  &  Co . 

Syracuse,  N.  Y . 

Barnes,  A.  S.,  &  Co . 

New  York  City  . . 

Barnet,  J.  S.,  &  Bro . 

....  do . 

Batchellor  &  Sons  Co.  . 

Wallingford,  Vt . 

Beadleston  &  Woerz  . . . . . 

New  York  City . 

Beneke  Bros . 

. . . do . 

Blanchard  Brothers  &  Lane . 

. . . . do  . . . . 

Board  of  Education,  Wisconsin  . . 

Madison,  Wis . 

.do . 

....  do . 

Board  of  Education,  Michigan .... 

Grand  Rapids . 

Board  of  Trade  . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Boston  Rubber  Shoe  Co  . 

Boston,  Mass . 

.  .do . 

. . . do . 

Brown,  C  H.,  &  Co  . 

Fitchburg,  Mass . 

Brown  Paper  Co . 

Adams,  Mass . 

Bureau  of  Education . 

Washington,  D.  C  — 

Buffalo  Public  Schools . 

Buffalo,  N.  Y . 

California  State  Viticultural  Com¬ 

San  Francisco . 

mission. 

Cassard,  G.,  &  Son . . . . . . 

Baltimore,  Md . 

Chautauqua  Association . 

Chautauqua,  N.  Y . 

Cheseboro1  Manufacturing  Co ... . 

New  York  City . 

Chicago  Public  Library . . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Chaucbe,  A.  G . 

Livermore,  Cal . 

Clayton,  B.  F . 

Washington,  D.  C.  — 

Exhibit. 


Paintings. 

Reports  and  bulletins. 

Hydraulic  lift. 

Rolled  and  swaged  wood-screw  ma¬ 
chines. 

Calligraph  writing-machine. 

Copper  ore. 

Books. 

Steam-engines. 

Canned  and  salt  meats,  soup,  and 
extracts. 

Photographic  views. 

Text  hooks  and  memory  cards. 
Books. 

Leather. 

Farm  forks. 

Lager  beer. 

Specialties  in  boots  and  shoes. 
Leather. 

School  laws,  reports,  etc. 
Catalogues  and  blanks. 

Annual  reports,  etc. 

Official  grades  of  grain. 

Rubber  boots  and  shoes. 

Specialties  in  rubber  boots  and 
shoes. 

Steam-engine. 

Paper. 

Reports  and  monographs. 
Text-books,  blanks,  etc. 

Wines. 

Dried,  salt,  and  smoked  meats. 
Programme  of  work. 

Vaseline  preparations. 

Reports. 

Wines. 

Illustrations  of  vine  industries. 


lass. 

73 

8 

8 

28 

,E.* 

38 

62 

41' 

44 

41 

52 

>,71 

48 

56 

15 

29 

41 

45 

6 

7 

6 

42 

50 

,E* 

E.* 

tuts. 

36 

44 

41 

12 

7,8 

6 

6 

74 

55 

vis 

15  ! 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  N.  427 


Exhibitor. 

Address. 

Topeka,  Kans 

Cornell  University . 

Ithaca,  N.  Y . 

Cope,E.  D . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Colgate  &  Co . 

New  York  City . 

Collective  exhibit  of  the  States 

of  California,  North  Carolina, 

Florida,  Illinois,  Maine,  Michi- 

gan,  Missouri,  New  Hampshire, 

New  York,  Pennsylvania,  and 

cities  of  Buffalo,  Cleveland, 

New  York,  Pittsburgh,  San 

Francisco,  St.  Paul,  Springfield, 

Syracuse,  and  Washington,  D.C . 

Colt’s  Patent  Fire  Arms  Manu- 

Hartford,  Conn . 

facturing  Co. 

Coll  Vulcanite  Wire  Co . 

Wilmington,  Del . 

Corbin,  P.  &  F . . 

New  York  City . 

Cotton-seed  Oil  Product  Co . 

....  do . 

Cowles’  Electric  Smelting  and 

Lockport,  N.  Y . 

Aluminum  Co. 

CrosbySteam  Gaugeand  Valve  Co. 

Boston,  Mass . 

Curtis  Bros . 

Rochester,  N.  Y . 

C3rclone  Pulverizer  Co . 

New  York  City. 

Davis  Sewing  Machine  Co . 

Watertown,  N.  Y.  ... 

Darling,  Brown  &  Sharpe . 

Providence,  R.  I  . .  . 

Demuth  &  Co . 

New  York  City  . . 

Delaware  and  Hudson  Canal  Co . . 

....  do . 

Devoe,  F.  W.,  &  Co . 

. .  do . 

Department  Public  Instruction, 

Des  Moines,  Iowa . 

Iowa. 

_ do . 

Department  Public  Instruction, 

Sacramento,  Cal . 

California. 

—  do . 

Department  Public  Instruction, 

Boston,  Mass . 

Massachusetts. 

Department  Agriculture . 

Washington,  D.  C 

_ do . 

Department  of  Labor,  Massachu¬ 

Boston,  Mass . 

setts. 

Department  of  Labor,  New  York. 

Albany,  N.  Y . 

Dodge,  J.  R . 

Washington  D  C 

Dunlap,  R. ,  &  Co . 

New  York  City . 

Dutton,  H.  F. ,  &  Co . 

Gainesville,  Fla, 

Drake  Company . 

Arizona . 

Eastman  Dry  Plate  and  Film  Co. . 

Rochester,  N.  Y . 

Eastman  Business  College . 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y . . . 

Educational  Publishing  Co . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Elizabeth  Public  Schools. . .  ♦ . 

Elizabeth,  N.  J. . .  . 

Enterprise  Manufacturing  Co  ... . 

Columbiana,  Ohio . 

Eureka  Fire  Hose  Co . 

New  York  City  . 

Fernon,  E.  B . 

Washington,  D.C . 

Gardner,  William  F . 

Naval  Observatory, 

1 

Washington,  D.C. 

*  Social  economy. 

List  of  awards— Gold  medals. 


Exhibit. 


Agricultural  reports. 

Photographs  and  annual  registers. 
Casts  extinct  mammals. 

Soaps  and  perfumes. 

Labor  reports  and  statistics. 


Fire-arms. 

Insulated  wire. 

Builders’  hardware. 

Oil  products. 

Aluminum  alloys,  etc. 

Valves  and  gauges. 

Canned  meats. 

Ore-crusher. 

Sewing-machines. 

Instruments  of  precision. 
Meerschaum  pipes. 

Coal. 

Railway  varnishes  and  paints. 
Official  documents. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Specimens  of  woods. 

Methods  of  farming  and  food  indus¬ 
tries. 

Reports  and  statistics. 

Do. 

Charts  and  statistics  of  agriculture. 
Hats. 

Sea  Island  cotton. 

Petrified  wood. 

Photographic  appliances. 

Methods,  photos, students’  work, etc. 
“Education”  and  “Common 
School  Education.” 

Students’  work,  etc. 

Feed  grinders. 

Woven  hose. 

Map  of  forest  area,  United  States. 
Collaborator. 


428 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


List  of  awards— Gold  medals. 


Class. 

Exhibitor. 

Address. 

Exhibit. 

30 

New  York  City . 

Printed  cotton  fabrics. 

Methods  of  printing  and  finishing 
goods. 

Profit  sharing. 

Silverware. 

Maizena. 

Butter. 

46 

....  do . 

....  do . 

S.E.* 

24 

67 

69 

Gilman,  N.  C .  . 

Gorham  Manufacturing  Co . 

Glen  Cove  Manufacturing  Co . 

Green  Mountain  Stock  Farm . 

Boston,  Mass . 

New  York  City . 

_ do . 

West  Randolph,  Vt. . . 

1 

44 

Harrison,  Alexander . 

Haas,  L.  B . 

Paris . 

Hartford,  Conn . 

Oil  painting. 

Tobaccos. 

59 

Hammond  Type-writer  . 

New  York  City . 

Type-writers. 

19 

19 

Henry,  C.  Edward . 

Heidt,  Louis . 

Kokomo,  Ind . 

Brooklyn.  N.Y . 

Opalescent  glass. 

Stained  glass. 

62 

24 

Heisler  Electric  Light  Co . 

Heller . 

St.  Louis,  Mo  . 

Gorham  Manufactur- 

Dynamo  and  automatic  regulator. 
Collaborator. 

63 

17 

Herring  &  Co . 

Heywood  Bros.  &  Co . 

ing  Co.,  New  York 
City. 

New  York  City . 

. . .  .do . . 

Safes. 

Rattan  furniture. 

1 

67 

Hitchcock,  George  . 

Hill.  George  W . 

Paris . 

Department  of  Agri- 

Oil  painting. 

Collaborator. 

15 

9 

50 

Hollerith,  Herman  . 

Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co . 

Howes,  Simeon . 

culture. 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Silver  Creek,  N.Y _ 

Apparatus  for  compiling  statistics. 
Books. 

Milling  machinery. 

75 

Hussman,  George . 

Department  of  Agri¬ 

Collaborator. 

6 

Indian  Industrial  School . 

culture. 

Carlisle,  Pa . 

Reports,  students’  work,  etc. 

Mining  appliances. 

Books. 

48 

6 

Ingersoll  Rock  Drill  Co . 

Ivison,  Blakeman  &  Co . 

New  York  City . 

....  do . 

42 

Jackson,  A.  C . 

Sanford,  Fla . 

Florida  woods. 

S.E.* 

Johns  Hopkins  University  Pub¬ 

Baltimore,  Md . 

Publications. 

49 

6 

lication  Agency. 

Johnston  Harvester  Co . 

Journal  of  Education  and . 

Batavia,  N.  Y . 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Agricultural  implements. 

Volumes. 

5 

42 

The  American  Teacher . 

Kingsley,  E . 

Kopbel  Brothers . 

Boston,  Mass . 

New  York  City . 

San  Francisco,  Cal. . . . 

Do. 

Engravings. 

California  woods. 

73 

41 

Kunz,  Joseph . 

Morrisania,  N.Y . 

Lager  beer. 

Collaborator. 

Kunz,  George  F.  (Tiffany  &  Co.)  . . 

New  York  City . 

28 

19 

16 

Ladd  &  Coffin . 

New  York  City . 

Perfumes. 

Lafarge,  John . 

Leslie,  J.  P . 

—  do  . 

Harrisburg,  Pa . 

Stained  glass. 

Geological  maps. 

Educational  publications. 

6 

Lippincott,  J. B.,&  Co . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

9 

....  do . 

....do . 

Books. 

19 

8 

8 

50 

Macbeth,  George  A . 

Manual  Training  School . 

.  . do  . . . 

Pittsburgh,  Pa . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Glass. 

Students’  work  and  methods. 

Do. 

Maillard,  H  . . . 

New  York  City . 

Machines  for  making  candies. 
Bonbons  and  chocolate. 

72 

....do . 

....  do . 

39 

44 

Marks’  Adjustable  Folding-Chair. 
Maryland  Leaf  Tobacco  Associa¬ 

_ do . 

Baltimore,  Md . 

Chairs. 

Tobacco. 

6,7,8 

tion. 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Tech¬ 

Boston,  Mass . 

Catalogues,  scholars’  work,  etc. 

35 

nology. 

Mayer  Strouse  &  Co . . 

New  York  City . 

Corsets. 

73 

Megliavalla . 

Napa,  Cal . 

Wines. 

*  Social  economj'. 


24 

6 

9 

69 

,71 

73 

6 

73 

71 

58 

54 

6 

64 

E.* 

41 

56 

9 

67 

53 

6 

62 

73 

52 

56 

67 

45 

6 

6 

6 

43 

11 

7 

41 

2 

45 

59 

74 

53 

20 

12 

vis. 

53 

53 

6 

56 

53 

36 

38 

50 

6 

45 

44 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  N. 


429 


Exhibitor. 


Address. 


Meriden  Britannia  Co . 

Merriam,  G.  C. ,  &  Co . 

....do . 

Michener,  J.  H . 

_ do . j 

Montgomery  Brewing  Company . . 
Moline  Public  Schools . 


Meriden,  Conn 
Springfield,  Mass  . 

_ do . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . . 

_ do . 

Montgomery,  Ala . 
Moline,  Ill . 


Mott,  S.R.andT.C 


New  York  City 


Morris  &  Co . 

McKellar,  Smiths  &  Jordan . 1 

National  Cordage  Co . 

National  Deaf-Mute  College . j 

National  Soldiers’  Home . 

Nelson,  N.  O.,  Manufacturing  Co. 

Nevada  Mineral  Exhibit . 

New  Home  Sewing  Machine  Co  . . 

New  York  Bank  Note  Co . 

Northern  Pacific  Railroad  Co . 

O’Bolger,  Thomas  (Paine  Shoe  | 
Lasting  Co). 

Ohio  Commissioners  of  Schools . .  I 

Okonite  Company . 

Osborne,  Son  &  Co . 

Otis  Brothers  &  Co . 

Paine  Shoe  Lasting  Machine  Co . . 
Pillsbury,  C.  A.,  &  Co . 

Pease,  F.  S . 

Perkins’  Institute  for  the  Blind. . . 

Pittsburgh  Public  Schools . 

“  Popular  Educator  ” . 

Plant  System  of  Railways . 

Prang  &  Co . 

Public  Schools  of  Galveston . 

Public  Schools  of  Boston . 

Public  Schools  of  Pittsburgh . j 

Randal,  J.  B . 

Reinhart,  C.  S . ' 

Revere  Rubber  Co . 

Remington  Standard  Type -writer 

Richmond  Cedar  Works . 

Brown,  Sharpe  &  Co . 

Rookwood  Pottery . 

Rowland,  Henry  A . 

Saunders,  Wm . 

Sellers,  Wm . 

Sellers,  John  B . 

Silver,  Burdette  &  Co . 

Singer  Sewing  Machine  Co . 

Simonds,  Geo.  F . 

Schloss,  N.  J.,  &  Co . 

Smith  &  Wesson . 

Smith  Middlings  Purifier  Co . 

Sockanossett  School  for  Boys .... 

Solway  Process  Co . 

Southern  Cotton  Seed  Oil  Co . 


Chicago,  Ill . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

New  York  City . 

Washington,  D.  C _ 

Hampton,  Va . 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Carson,  Nev . 

New  York  City . 

....do . 

_ do . 

Rochester,  N.  Y . 

Columbus,  Ohio . 

New  York  City . j 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

New  York  City . 

Rochester,  N.  Y . 

Minneapolis,  Minn  .... 

Buffalo,  N.  Y  .....  ... 

Boston,  Mass . 

Pittsburgh,  Pa . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Tampa,  Fla . 

Boston,  Mass _ _ _ I 

Galveston,  Tex . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Pittsburgh,  Pa . I 

San  Francisco,  Cal . . . .  j 

Pai’is . I 

Boston,  Mass . 

Ilion,  N.  Y . 

Richmond,  Ya. ....... 

....do . 

Cincinnati,  Ohio . 

Baltimore,  Md . 

Dept.  Agriculture . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

—  do . 

Boston,  Mass . 

New  York . 

Fitchburg,  Mass . 

New  York  City . 

Springfield,  Mass . 

Jackson,  Mich . 

Howard,  R.  I . 

Syracuse,  N.  Y . 

New  York  City . 

*  Social  economy. 


List  of  awards — Gold  medals 


Exhibit. 


Plated  ware. 

Dictionaries. 

Text-books. 

Lard. 

Cured  meats. 

Lager  beer. 

Scholars’  work. 

Cider. 

Canned  meats. 

Type. 

Cordage  and  rope. 

Reports  and  plans. 

Hospital  plans. 

Report  on  profit  sharing. 

Ores  and  minerals. 
Sewing-machines. 

Specimens  of  engraving. 
Agricultural  products. 
Collaborator. 

Text-books. 

Insulated  wire. 

Whiskey. 

Gas  engines  and  hydraulic  lift. 
Lasting  machine. 

Official  grades  of  wheat  flour  in  dif 
ferent  stages. 

Lubricating  oils. 

Scholars’  work,  etc. 

Do. 

Volumes. 

Products  fishing  and  hunting. 
Chromolithographs. 

Reports  and  methods. 

Do. 

Do. 

Quicksilver  ores. 

Paintings. 

Rubber  goods. 

Type-writer. 

Churns. 

Collaborator. 

Artistic  pottery. 

Photographs  of  spectrums. 

Plans  of  gardens,  etc . 
Collaborator. 

Do. 

Music  publications. 
Sewing-machines. 

Metal  rolling  machine. 

Children’s  clothing. 

Fire-arms. 

Flour-dressers,  etc. 

Text-books  and  students’  work. 
Soda. 

Oil. 


430 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


List  of  awards — Gold  medals. 


Class. 

Exhibitor. 

Address. 

Exhibit. 

56 

Soci6t6  Anonyme  pour  l1  Exploita¬ 
tion  des  Brevets  (Mackay  and 
Copeland). 

Paris . 

Lasting  machines. 

62 

Sprague  Electric  Railway  and 
Motor  Co. 

New  York  City . 

Electric  railway  motors. 

52 

Straight  Line  Engine  Co . 

Syracuse,  N.  Y . 

Steam-engine. 

6 

State  Department  of  Education . . 

Harrisburg,  Pa . 

Annual  reports. 

53 

Stiles  &  Parker  Press  Co . 

Middletown,  Conn .... 

Drop-hammers,  presses,  and  dies. 

70,71 

Swift  &  Co . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Salt,  packed,  dried,  salted,  and 
smoked  meats. 

11 

Tiffany  &  Co . 

New  York  City . 

Heraldic  engraving. 

29 

—  do . 

_ do . 

Leather  goods. 

37 

...do . 

Jewelry. 

43 

. .  do . 

...  do . 

Shells. 

8 

United  States  Naval  Academy  . . . 

Annapolis,  Md . 

Text-books. 

36 

United  States  Quartermaster’s 
Department. 

Washington,  D.  C _ 

Uniforms  Continental  soldiers. 

76 

United  States  Entomological  Ex¬ 
hibit. 

Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

Economic  entomology. 

38 

Union  Metallic  Cartridge  Co. .... . 

Bridgeport,  Conn . 

Cartridges. 

8 

University  of  Virginia . 

Charlottesville,  Va  . . . 

Text-books,  photographs,  etc. 

12 

University  of  California . 

Berkeley,  Cal . 

Photographs  of  the  moon. 

S.  E.* 

Universal  Peace  Union . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Pamphlets,  illustx'ations,  etc. 

1 

Vail,  Eugene  L . 

Paris . 

Oil  painting. 

45 

Valentine  &  Co . 

New  York  City . 

Carriage  varnishes  and  paints. 

44 

Vaughan  &  Sarvay. . 

Richmond,  Va . 

Tobaccos. 

62 

Volta  Graphophone  Co . . . 

New  York  City . 

Graphophones. 

10 

Warren,  S.  D.,  &  Co . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Fine  printing  papers. 

1 

Weeks,  E.  L . 

Paris . 

Oil  painting. 

S.  E.* 

Wells,  David . . . 

New  York . 

Reports  on  Practical  Economy 

62 

Western  Electric  Co . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Electric  appliances. 

73 

Wetmore,  Chas.  A . 

Livermore,  Cal . 

Wines. 

52 

Wheelock,  Jerome . 

Worcester,  Mass . 

Engine  system. 

Sewing  machines. 

56 

White  Sewing  Machine  Co . 

Cleveland,  Ohio . 

49 

Whitman  Agricultural  Co . 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Agricultural  implements. 

67 

Wiley,  Dr.  H.  W . . 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Illustrations  of  experiments  with 
sorghum  sugar  cane. 

65 

Wright,  Peter,  &  Sons . 

New  York . 

Steamship  models. 

S.  E* 

Wright,  Carroll  D . . .  . . 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Papers  on  profit-sharing  and  co¬ 
operation. 

S.  E* 

—  do . 

..  .do . . . 

Labor  reports  and  statistics. 

S.  E.* 

Woman’s  Christian  Temperance 
Union. 

New  York  City ....... 

Temperance  coffee-house. 

41 

Yale  and  Towne  Manufacturing 
Co. 

New  Haven,  Conn  .... 

Builders’  hardware. 

63 

....do . 

. . . .do . 

Post-office  system. 

Reports  on  workingmen’s  clubs. 

S.  E  * 

Young  Men’s  Christian  Associa¬ 
tion. 

New  York  City . 

SILVER  MEDALS. 


42 

Acme  Manufacturing  Co . 

Wilmington,  N.  C . 

Bagging. 

44 

Allen,  Ginter  &  Co . 

Richmond,  Va . 

Cigarettes  and  tobaccos. 

12 

Alman,  Louis . 

New  York . 

Photographs. 

8 

American  Antiquarian  Society . . . 

Worcester,  Mass . 

Catalogues,  etc. 

18 

American  Braided  Wire  Co . 

Philadelphia,  N.  Y. . . . 

Braided  wire  articles. 

*  Social  Economy. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  N.  431 


List  of  awards — Silver  medals 


Class. 

Exhibitor. 

Address. 

Exhibit. 

41 

6 

Buffalo,  N.  Y . 

Mechanical  tools. 

American  Journal  of  Education. . 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Periodical. 

63 

American  Road  Machine  Co . 

Kennett  Square,  Pa. . . 

Road  machines. 

8 

American  School  at  Athens, 
Greece. 

Athens,  Greece . 

Reports. 

53 

American  Tool  and  Machine  Co . . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Screw-cutting  lathes. 

8 

Amherst  College . 

Amherst,  Mass . 

Catalogues,  reports,  etc. 

69 

Lard. 

49 

....  do . . 

....  do . 

Fertilizers. 

30 

White  cotton  goods. 

Plans  and  reports  on  agricultural 
colleges,  etc. 

73  ter. 

Atwater,  W.  0 . 

Washington,  D.  C . 

11 

Baldwin,  Gleason  &  Co . 

New  York  City . 

Steel  prints,  etc. 

9 

Barnes,  A.  S.,&  Co . 

....do . 

Books. 

9 

Barrie,  George . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Do. 

73 

Beck,  Adolph . 

San  Francisco,  Cal .... 

Wines. 

47 

Bentz,  Dietsch  &  Betz  . 

Newark,  N.  J . 

Leather. 

Ti 

Bernales  (de)  &  Co . 

New  York  City . 

Lamps. 

6 

Betz,  Carl . 

Text-books. 

73 

Berringer  Bros . 

St.  Helena,  Cal . 

Wine. 

48 

Blake,  Theo.  A . 

New  Haven,  Conn  . . . . 

Jaw  crusher. 

53 

Bliss,  E.W.,  &  Co . 

New  York  City . 

Drop-hammers,  presses,  and  dies. 

2 

Blume,  R.  F . 

....do  ....: . . 

Painting. 

13 

Bohmann.  Joseph . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Musical  instruments. 

1 

Boggs,  Frank  M . 

Paris . 

Oil  painting. 

72 

Bolen  &  Byrne . 

New  York  City . 

Aerated  beverages. 

45 

Borne,  Scrymoci  &  Co . . 

....  do . 

Oils. 

44 

Bowman,  N.  R . 

Lynchburgh,  Va . 

Tobaccos. 

44 

Boyce,  S.  S . 

New  York  City . 

Hemp  and  flax. 

'  1 

Bridgman,  F.  A . 

Paris . 

Oil  painting. 

45 

Brown,  B.F.,&Co . 

Boston,  Mass 

Blacking. 

Meat  extracts  and  soups. 

70,71 

Brougham,  George . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

17 

Brunswicke,  Balke  &  Collender. . . 

New  York  City . 

Billiard  tables. 

6 

Buffalo  Public  Library . 

Buffalo,  N.  Y . 

Catalogue. 

19 

Buffalo  Stained  Glass  Works . 

....  do . 

Glass. 

47 

Burk  Brothers . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Leather. 

67 

Butler,  A.  P . 

Columbia,  S.  C . 

Rice —processes. 

10 

Carter,  Dinsmore  &  Co . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Inks. 

57 

Casey  Machine  Supply  Co . 

New  York  City. . 

Nailing  machines. 

Lard. 

Lawn  mowers. 

69 

Cassard,  G. ,  &  Son . 

Baltimore,  Md 

49 

Chadborn  &  Coldwell  Manufact¬ 
uring  Co. 

Newburgh,  N.  Y . 

1 

Chase,  William  M . 

New  York  City . 

Oil  painting. 

16 

Chamberlain,  T.  C . 

Madison,  Wis 

Surveys,  reports,  etc. 

Scholars’  work. 

6 

Christiansen  Institute . 

Brooklyn,  N.Y . 

12 

Clark,  D.R . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Photographs. 

44 

Clark,  Washington  A . 

Columbia,  S.  C . 

Sea  island  cotton. 

59 

Clough  &  McConnell . 

New  York  City . 

Wire  cork-screw  machine. 

5 

Closson,  W.  B . 

Engravings. 

6 

Colorado  Institute  for  Deaf  and 

Blind. 

Colorado  Springs,  Col. 

Photographs  and  scholars’  work 

59 

Columbia  Typewriter  Co . 

New  York  City . 

Type-writers. 

8 

College  Physicians  and  Surgeons. 

Baltimore,  Md . 

Text-books  and  monograph. 

16 

Colvin,  Verplank . 

Albany,  N.  Y . 

Reports  and  surveys. 

6,7,8 

Cooper  Union . 

New  York  City . [ 

Catalogues  and  reports,  etc. 

12 

Coolidge,  Baldwin . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Photographs. 

432 

List  ol 

Class. 

62 

62 

60 

63 

S.E.* 

16 

45 

70,71 

24 

45 

53 

76 

5 

1 

60 

32 

70,71 

S.E.* 

S.E.* 

S.E'* 

S.  E  * 

S.E.* 

S.E.* 

S.E  .* 

6 

6 

24 

17 

73 

1 

51 

1 

9 

52 

49 

8 

38 

62 

41 

8 

29 

45 

37 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


awards— Silver  medals. 


Exhibitor. 


Address. 


Exhibit. 


Commercial  Cable  Co . 

Consolidate  Telegraph  and  Elec¬ 
trical  Subway  Company. 
Connor,  W.  it . 

Corbin,  P.,  &  F . 

Cornell  University . 

Cook,  G.  H . 

Cotton-seed  Oil  Product  Co . 

Cowdry,  E.  J.,  &  Co . 

Curran,  John  T . 

Coxwell . 

Dake,  Charles . 

Dadant  &  Son . 

Davis,  T.  P . 

Davis,  C.  H . 

Dann  Bros.  &  Co . 

Department  of  Agriculture . 

...do . 

Department  of  Labor,  Connecticut 
Department  of  Labor,  Illinois  .... 
Department  of  Labor,  Rhode 
Island. 

Department  of  Labor,  Ohio . 

Department  of  Labor,  Iowa . 

Department  of  Labor,  Kansas  .... 
Department  of  Labor,  Michigan . . 
Department  of  Public  Instruc¬ 
tion,  Dakota. 

Department  of  Public  Instruc¬ 
tion,  Rhode  Island. 

Dimes,  William . 

Derby  and  Kilmer  Desk  Co . 

De  Turk,  J . 

Dewing,  S.  W . 

Dolph,  The  A.  M.  Co . 

Donoho,  G.  R . 

Dodd,  Mead  &  Co . 

Douglas,  W.  and  B  . 

_ do . 


New  York  and  Paris. 
New  York  City . 

Healey  &  Co.,  New 
York  City. 

New  Britain,  Conn .... 

Ithaca,  N.  Y  . 

New  Brunswick,  N.  J. 

New  York  City . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Tiffany  &  Co.,  New 
York  City. 

Solway  Process  Co., 
Syracuse,  N.  Y. 
American  Screw  Co., 
Providence,  R.  I. 

Hamilton,  Ill . 

New  City . 

St.  Legere,  France _ 

New  Haven,  Conn  .... 

Washington,  D.  C . 

_ do . 

Hartford,  Conn . 

Springfield,  Ill  . . . . 

Providence,  R.  I . 

Columbus,  Ohio . 

Des  Moines,  Iowa . 

Topeka,  Kans . 

Lansing,  Mich . 

Dakota . 

Providence,  R.  I . 

Tiffany  &  Co.,  New 
York  City. 

Somerville,  Mass _ 

Santa  Rosa,  Cal . 

New  York  City . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

Middletown,  Conn  .... 
....do . . 


Eclectic  Medical  College 
Ehlets . 


Electron  Manufacturing  Co . 

Enterprise  Manufacturing  Co  ... . 

Estes  &  Lauriat . 

Estes  &  Sons . 

Fairchilds  Bros.  &,  Foster . 

Fairchild, Leroy  W.,&  Co . 


Cincinnati  Ohio . 

Colt’s  Arms  Manu¬ 
facturing  Co. ,  Hart¬ 
ford,  Conn. 

Brooklyn,  N.Y . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Boston,  Mass . 

New  York  City . 

_ do  . 

...do . 


Telegraph  apparatus. 

Electrical  subways. 

Collaborator. 

Builders’  hardware. 

Reports  on  technical  education. 
Surveys. 

Soaps. 

Canned  meats. 

Collaborator. 

Do. 

Do. 

Bee-keeping  appliances. 

Engravings. 

Oil  painting. 

Bent  carriage  wood. 

Wool. 

Pomology. 

Reports  and  statistics. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Annual  reports. 

Do. 

Collaborator. 

Desks. 

Wines. 

Oil  painting. 

Laundry  machines. 

Oil  painting. 

Books. 

Pumps. 

Agricultural  engines  and  hydraulic 
rams. 

Works  by  the  faculty. 

Collaborator. 


Motors. 

Hardware  specialties. 
Publications. 

Turned-wood  articles. 
Pharmaceutical  preparations. 
Jewelry  and  precious  metals. 


*  Social  Economy. 


37 

59 

39 

35 

41 

,71 

36 

7,8 

14 

36 

1 

bis 

6 

9 

9 

7 

9 

58 

29 

73 

19 

12 

E.* 

73 

73 

16 

73 

18 

44 

1 

7 

19 

50 

26 

44 

1 

6 

73 

42 

E.* 

57 

73 

6 

9 

74 

59 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  N. 


433 


List  of  awards— Silver  medals. 


Exhibitor. 


Address. 


Exhibit. 


Farnham,  Paul  . . 
Fenwick,  Charles 


Folding  Trunk  Co . 

Follmer,  Clogg  &  Co . 

Foote,  A.  E . . 

Franco- American  Soup  Co . 

Franklin  &  Co . 

Free  Evening  Industrial  School  . . 

Frees,  C.  A . 

Friedlander,  A. ,  &  Co . 

Gay,  Walter . 

Galloway,  B.  T . 

Galveston  Public  Schools . 

Gebbie  &  Co . 

Gebbie  &  Hasson . 

Ginn  &  Co . 

....do . 

Golding  &  Co . 

Gorham  Manufacturing  Co . 

Greenbaum,  Alfred . 

Greenough,  Walter  C. . . . 

Guerin,  F.  W . 

Hadley,  Arthur . 

Hagen,  Henry . 


Tiffany  &  Co.,  New 
York  City. 

American  Writing 
Machine  Co.,  New 
York  City. 

New  York  City . 

_ do . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

New  York  City . 

_ do . 

Boston,  Mass . 

New  York  City . 

_ do . 

Paris . 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Galveston,  Tex . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

—  do . 

Boston,  Mass . 

_ do . 

Boston,  Mass . 

New  York  City . 

San  Francisco,  Cal. . . . 

New  York  City . 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Yale  College,  New 
Haven. 

Cedar  Knoll,  Napa, 


Collaborator. 

Do. 


Trunks. 

Umbrellas. 

Minerals. 

Soups. 

Boys’  costumes. 

Students'  work. 

Artificial  limbs,  etc. 

Cloaks. 

Oil  painting. 

Vegetable  pathology. 

Papers,  charts,  and  scholars’  work. 
Books. 

Photo-engravings. 

Text-books. 

Educational  books. 

Printing  presses. 

Fancy  articles. 

Wines. 

Stained  glass. 

Photographs. 

Wines. 

Brandies. 


Cal. 


....do . 

Hall,  James  H . 

Haraszthy,  Arpad  &  Co . 

Hartford  Woven  Wire  Mattress 


—  do . 

Albany,  N.  Y _ 

San  Francisco. 
Hartford,  Conn 


Co. 


Wines. 

Geological  surveys. 

Wines. 

Mattresses  and  iron  bedsteads. 


Harthill,  Alex . . 

Harrison,  Birge . 

Heath,  D.C.,&  Co . 

Healey  &  Millet . 

Heine,  Arguste . 

Heinrich,  H.  H . 

Hinson,  W.  O . 

Howe,  W.  H . 

Home  for  Feeble-minded  Children 

Hooper,  George  F . 

Hough,  R.  B . 

Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co . 

Huff,  C.  F.  H . 

Hume  &  Co . 

Hyatt  School  Slate  Co . 

Ivison,  Blakeman  &  Co . 

Jackson,  Arthur . 

Jenne . . . 


Louisville,  Ky . 

Paris . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Silver  Creek,  N.Y.... 

New  York  City . 

James  Island,  S.  C _ 

Paris . 

Santa  Clara,  Cal . 

Sonoma,  Cal . 

Lowville,  N.  Y . 

Cambridge,  Mass . 

A.  J.  Fay  &  Co.,  Cin¬ 
cinnati,  Ohio. 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Bethlehem,  Pa . 

New  York  City . 

Sanford,  Fla . 

Remington  Standard 
Type  Writer,  Ilion, 
N.Y. 


Tobaccos. 

Oil  painting. 

School  and  college  text-books. 
Stained  glass. 

Milling  machinery. 
Chronometers. 

Sea  island  cotton. 

Oil  painting. 

Scholars’  work. 

Wines. 

Veneers.  , 

Publications. 

Collaborator. 

Whiskey. 

School  slates. 

Books. 

Florida  products. 
Collaborator. 


*  Social  Economy. 


H.  Ex.  410 - 28 


ass. 

9 

56 

49 

67 

60 

44 

1 

73 

43 

59 

59 

53 

9 

2 

11 

28 

49 

35 

1 

57 

25 

76 

8 

42 

l  bit 

6 

43 

63 

73 

53 

1 

69 

75 

59 

73 

8 

73 

43 

6 

8 

42 

,71 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


awards— Silver  medals. 


Exhibitor. 


Address. 


Exhibit. 


Johns  Hopkins  University  Publi¬ 
cation  Agency. 

Johnson,  Alfred . 

Johnston,  Samuel,  &  Co . 

Kern,  M.  J . 

Kimball, C.P..&  Co . 

Kimball,  W.  S.,  &  Co . 

Knight,  D.  R . 

Kohler  &  Frohling . 

Kunz,  George  F . 

Lake  Erie  Seminary . 

Lampson  Consolidated  Store 
Service. 

Leinbach,  Felix  W . 

Lervis.  Wilfred . 

Lothrop, D.,&  Co . 

Low,  W.  H . 

Lowell,  John  &  Co . — 

Lorenz,  George  . . 

Lloyd  &  Supplee . 

Lyon,  Amasa,  &  Co . 

MacEwen,  Walter . 

McCoy,  James  S . 

McLoughlin,  Louise  H . 

McLean,  N.W . . 

Massachusetts  College  of  Phar¬ 
macy. 

Massachusetts  Society  for  the 
Promotion  of  Agriculture. 
Merriam,  E.  H . 

Michigan  Public  Schools . 

Mills,  Wm.,  &  Son . 

Miller  Lock  Co . 

Monticello  Wine  Co . 

Morse  Twist,  Drill  and  Machine 


Baltimore,  Md 


Books  and  periodicals. 


Paris . 

Brockport,  N.  Y . 

Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Rochester,  N.  Y . 

Poissy,  France  . 

San  Francisco,  Cal  . . . 
Tiffany  &  Co,,  New 
York  City. 

Painesville,  Ohio . 

New  York  City . 


Sewing  machines. 

Agricultural  implements. 
Collaborator. 

Carriages, 

Cigarettes  and  smoking  tobaccos. 
Oil  painting. 

Wine  and  brandy. 

Collaborator. 

Choral  music,  catalogues,  etc. 
Knox  check  and  adding  machine. 


Bethlehem,  Pa . 

William  Sellers  &  Co., 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Boston,  Mass . 

New  York  City . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Toledo,  Ohio . 

Philadelphia . 

New  York  City . 

Paris . 

New  York  City . 

Cincinnati,  Ohio . 

Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

Boston,  Mass . 


Paper-bag  machine. 

Collaborator. 

Books. 

Painting. 

Engravings. 

Perfumes. 

Lawn  mowers. 

Umbrellas. 

Oil  painting. 

Pneumatic  tool. 

Repousse  work. 

Collaborator. 

Course  of  study  and  students’  works. 


....  do 


Michaux’s  forest  flora. 


Washington,  D.  C . 

Coldwater,  Mich . 

New  York  City . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Charlottesville,  Ya  . . . 
New  Bedford,  Mass  . . 


Mammals  and  birds  of  economic 
importance. 

Reports,  manuals,  and  books. 
Fishing  rods. 

Combination  locks. 

Wines. 

Drills,  reamers,  and  chucks. 


Co. 


Mosler,  Henry 
Mount  Holyoke  Seminary 

Morrell,  John,  &  Co . 

Munson,  F.  U . 

Myers,  Fred 
Napa  Valley  Wine  Co 
National  Law  School . 

New  Urbana  Wine  Co 
Newland,  H.  A 
New  York  House  of  Refuge  ...  . 

New  York  Polyclinic . 

Northern  Pacific  R.  R . 

Numsen,  W.,  &  Sons . 

Ogontz  School  for  Young  Ladies, 


Paris . 

South  Hadley,  Mass . 

Chicago,  111 . 

Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

New  York  City . 

Napa,  Cal . 

Washington,  D.  C _ 

Hammondsport,  N.  Y 

Detroit,  Mich . 

Randall’s  Island,  N.  Y 

New  York  City . 

—  do . 

Baltimore,  Md . 

Ogontz,  Pa . 


Oil  painting. 

History,  catalogues,  views. 
Butter. 

Collaborator. 

Type  writing  machines. 

Wines. 

Reports. 

Wines. 

Furs. 

Scholars1  work. 

Photographs  and  order  of  clinics. 
Sections  of  forest  trees. 

Canned  fruits  and  vegetables. 
Views  and  blanks. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  N.  435 


List  of  awards— Silver  medals. 


Class. 

Exhibitor. 

Address. 

Exhibit. 

6 

Ohio  Institute  for  Feeble-minded 

Youth. 

Columbus,  Ohio,. . 

Views  and  pupils’  work. 

41 

Ontario  Mining  Co . 

Park  City,  Utah . 

Silver,  gold,  and  lead  ores. 

49 

Osborn,  D.  M.,  &  Co . 

Auburn,  N.  Y . 

Harvesting  machinery. 

70,71 

Pacific  Orchard  Cannery . 

San  Jose,  Cal . 

Canned  fruits  and  fruits  in  brandy. 

53 

Parks,  H . 

Brown  &  Sharpe  Man- 
ufacturing  Co., 
Providence,  R.  I. 

Collaborator. 

S.E.* 

Peacedale  Manufacturing  Co . 

Peacedale,  R.  I . 

Charts  and  documents  relating  to 
profit-sharing. 

75 

Pearson,  Alexander  W . 

Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

Collaborator. 

61 

Peckham  Street  Car  Wheel  and 

Axle  Co. 

New  York  City . 

Wheels  and  axles. 

6 

Pennsylvania  Training  School .... 

Elwyn,  Pa . 

Annual  reports. 

6 

Pennsylvania  Oral  Training 
School  for  the  Deaf. 

Scranton,  Pa . 

Do. 

8 

PhiladelphiaCollege  of  Pharmacy . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Charts,  text-books,  etc. 

73 

Pleasant  Valley  Wine  Co . 

Rheims,  N.  Y . 

Wine. 

6 

Poughkeepsie  Public  Library . 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y . . . 

Reports,  manuals,  and  catalogues. 

6 

Pratt,  D.  C . 

New  York  City . 

School  appliances. 

6 

Public  Schools  of . 

Columbus,  Ohio . 

Reports,  etc. 

6 

—  do . 

Cincinnati,  Ohio . 

Do. 

6 

— do . 

Chicago,  Ills .  . 

Do. 

6 

_ do . 

Cambridge,  Mass  ..... 

Do. 

6 

—  do . 

New  Haven,  Conn  .... 

Do. 

6 

—  do . 

Sandusky,  Onio . 

Do. 

16 

Rand,  McNally  &  Co . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Maps,  atlases,  etc. 

11 

Rath,  A . 

New  York  City . 

Vignettes  on  stone. 

74 

Reid,  A.  H . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Dairy  appliances. 

1 

Reinhart,  C.  S  . 

Paris . 

Oil-painting. 

2 

Remington,  Fred . 

New  York  City . 

Painting. 

44 

Roberts,  R.  R . 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Flax  and  hemp. 

70,71 

Richardson  &  Rollins . 

Dover,  Del  . . 

Canned  meats. 

Perfumes. 

23 

Ricksecker,  Theo . 

New  York  City . 

44 

Riley,  C.  V . 

Department  of  Agri- 
cultui  e. 

Collaborator. 

27 

Rochester  Lamp  Co . 

New  York  City. 

Lamps. 

2 

Rolshoven,  Julius . 

Paris . 

Painting. 

70,71 

Rosa,  John  J . 

Milford,  Del . 

Evaporated  peaches. 

35 

Roth  &  Goldschmidt . 

New  York  City . 

Corsets. 

42 

Rothrock,  J.  P . 

Philadelphia . 

Photographs  of  trees. 

69 

Salmon,  D.  E . 

Department  Agricult¬ 
ure. 

Coll,  exhibit  of  butter  and  cheese. 

73  bis 

_ do . 

Charts  of  animal  food  industries. 

42 

Sargeant,  Chas.  S . 

Jamacia  Plains,  Mass. 

Sections  of  trees. 

6 

“  School  Journal  ” . 

New  York  City . 

Educational  periodical. 

12 

Scholten . 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Photographs. 

67 

Schumaker,  A.  T.,  &  Co . 

Akron,  Ohio . 

Finished  cereal  products. 

73 

Schilling,  C.,  &  Co . 

San  Francisco,  Cal  . . . 

Wines. 

13 

Seabury  &  Johnson . 

New  York  City . 

Pharmacopoeial  plasters. 

45 

—  do . 

Hydronapthal. 

35 

Seigel  Brothers . 

Ladies’  and  misses’  underwear. 

36 

Sendker,  A.  H . 

Buffalo,  N.  Y . 

Shoes. 

*  Social  economy. 


36 

St  ol 

ass. 

26 

60 

2 

36 

44 

27 

6 

69 

62 

6 

10 

12 

8 

53 

73 

7 

6 

6 

6 

12 

53 

ter 

E.* 

15 

52 

58 

58 

19 

E.* 

52 

8 

45 

67 

71 

71 

8 

76 

47 

53 

45 

22 

8 

13 

1 

52 

41 

6 

2 

74 

9 

9 

59 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


awards— Silver  medals. 


Exhibitor. 


Seth  Thomas  Clock  Co . 

Shepard,  H.  G.,  &  Sons . . 

Sherwood,  Rosina  Emmet .  . 

Shillaber  &  Co . 

Sioux  City  Linseed  Oil  Works. . . . 

Simpson,  L.  H _ ......  .  . 

Somerville  Public  Library ...  .... 

Southern  Cotton-Seed  Oil  Co . 

Sperry  Electric  Co . . . 

State  Dept.  Public  Instructions. . . 

Stafford,  L.  S . 

Stein,  S.  L. . . . . . . 

Stevens  Institute  Technology  . . . 

Sternley,  J.  H.,  &  Son . . 

Stone  Hill  Wine  Co . 

St.  Stanislaus  Commercial  College 

Supt.  Public  Instruction  . 

Supt.  Education . 

Syracuse  Academy . 

Tabor,  H . . 

Tanite . 

Taylor,  L  . . . . . . . 

Tenement-House  Building  Co _ 

Thatcher,  Edwin . 

Thomson,  John . . 

- do . 

Thorne  Type-Setting  Machine. . . . 

Tiffany  &  Co . 

Training  School  for  Nurses . 

Underwood  Manufacturing  Co. . . 

University  of  Illinois . 

Upton,  Geo . 

Van  Dieman,  H.  E . 

do . . 

Van  Nostrand  &  Co . 

Virginia  Historical  Society . 

Walker,  Philip . . . 

Wallin  Leather  Co  . . . 

Warner  &  Swasey . . . 

Warner,  William  R.,  &  Co . 

Warren,  Lange  &  Co . 

Washington  and  Lee  University . . 

Weber,  Albert . . . 

Weir,  J.  A . 

Westinghouse  Machine  Co . 

White,  L.,  &  T  . 

Whitehouse,  F.  C . 

Whittemore,  W.  T . 

Wickes  Refrigerator  Co . . 

Wiley,  John,  &  Sons . 

Williams,  David . . . 

Williams,  The  John  R.  Co . 


Address. 

Exhibit. 

Thomaston,  Conn . 

Clocks. 

New  Haven,  Conn. . . . 

Bent  carriage  wood-work. 

New  York  City . 

Painting. 

Lynn,  Mass . 

Shoes. 

Sioux  City,  Iowa  .... 

Oil,  meal,  and  cake. 

Paris . 

Stove. 

Somerville,  Mass  ..... 

Reports  and  catalogue. 

.  New  York  City . 

Oil. 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Electric-light  plant. 

Lansing,  Mich . 

Reports. 

New  York  City . 

Ink. 

Milwa  kee,  Wis . 

Photographs. 

Hoboken,  N.  J . . 

Views  and  publications. 

Reading.  Pa . 

Bolt  and  screw  machines. 

Hermann,  Mo . 

Wines. 

Bay  St.  Louis,  Mo _ 

Students'1  work. 

Denver,  Col . 

Biennial  reports. 

Baltimore,  Md . 

Reports  and  scholars1  work. 

Syracuse,  N.  Y . 

Reports  and  catalogue. 

San  Francisco,  Cal  . . . 

Photographs. 

Stroudsburgh,  Pa  .... 

Emery  wheels. 

Washington,  D.  C _ 

Micrographic  illustrations  of  animal1 
fats. 

New  York  City . , 

Plans  for  dwellings. 

Decatur,  Ala . 

Slide-rule. 

New  York  City . 

Water  meters. 

...  do . . . 

Printing  presses. 

Hartford,  Conn . 

Type-setting  machine. 

New  York  City . 

Decorative  glass. 

—  do . 

Methods  and  reports. 

Tolland,  Conn . 

Inks,  mucilage,  etc. 

Urbana,  Ill . 

Reports. 

Boston,  Mass . 

Glue  and  sand-paper. 

Department  Agricult¬ 

Collaborator. 

ure. 

....do . 

Collection  of  fruits. 

New  York  City . 

Dried  fruits. 

Richmond,  Va . 

Documents. 

Department  Agricult¬ 

Collaborator. 

ure. 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich . . 

Leather. 

Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Brass-working  machinery. 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Pharmaceutical  preparations- 

New  York  City. . . 

Wall  papers. 

Lexington,  Va . 

Reports. 

New  York  City . 

Piano. 

Oil-painting. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa . 

Automatic  engine. 

Buffalo,  N.Y . 

Edge  tools. 

New  York  City . 

Relief  maps. 

Paintings. 

_ do . 

System  cold  storage. 

_ do . 

Books. 

....do . 

Trade  publications. 

_ do . 

Cigar-making  appliances. 

*  Social  economy. 

REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  N. 


437 


List  of  awards— Silver  medals. 


Class. 

Exhibitor. 

Address. 

Exhibit. 

24 

Wilkinson,  George . 

Gorham  Manufactur¬ 
ing  Co.,  New  York 
City. 

Collaborator. 

44 

30 

Wilson  J  J  Son  &  Co  . 

Richmond,  Va . 

Tobacco. 

Willimantic  Linen  Co . 

Willimantic,  Conn. . . . 

Spool  thread. 

16 

Winchell,  W.  H . 

Minneapolis,  Minn. 

Surveys. 

73 

Wineberger,  Mrs.  J.  C . . 

St.  Helena,  Cal . 

Wines. 

6 

Woburn  Public  Library . 

Woburn,  Mass . 

Reports  and  photographs. 

6 

Woburn  Public  Schools  . 

....  do . 

Reports  and  scholars1  work. 
Type-writer. 

59 

World  Type- Writer  Co . 

New  York  City . 

BRONZE  MEDALS. 


41 

41 

73 


5 

41 

<6,7,8 

1 

52 

73 

50 
41 

51 
9 

46 

1 


51 

1 

45 


49 

6 

29 

41 

1 

1 

49 

45 

1 

73  I 
1 

41  I 

41 


29 

10 

.13.  E.* 
41 


74 

1 

8 

41 


Abraham,  L.  C.,  &  Bros . 

Adams,  J.S.,&  Co . 

Adamson,  Rutherford . 

Aikman,  W.  W . 

Alice  Gold  and  Silver  Mining  Co . . 
Alabama  Polytechnic  Institute. . . 

Allen,  W.S . 

American  Leather  Link  Belt  Co . . 

American  Wine  Co. . . . . 

Armiger,  R.,  &  Sons . 

Ausable  Horse-shoe  Nail  Co . 

Bailey  Wringing  Machine  Co . 

Baird,  Carey  &  Co . 

Bancroft  &  Bloede . 

Beckwith,  T.C . 

Bentzen,  Charles  A . i 

Bell,  Ed.  A . | 

Bell,  R.  W.,  Manufacturing  Co j 

Benson,  Egbert . 

Berkeley  School . 

Bissell  Carpet  Sweeper . 

Biber,  J.  M  . 

Blashfield,  E.  H . 

Blum,  R.  F . 

Bradley  &  Co . 

Brookhaven  Rubber  Co . 

Brandagee,  R.  M . 

Brun,  A.,&  Co . 

Butler,  Howard  Russell . 

Cactus  Mining  Co . 

Capitol  Manufacturing  Co . ! 

Castle  Carpet  Sweeper . 

Caws  Ink  and  Pen  Co . 

Century  Co . 

Cleveland  Tin  Mining  Co . 

Cook,  H.  I . 

Cooley  System . 

Coffin,  W.  A . 

College  of  New  Jersey . 

Comet  Mining  Co . 


Cleveland,  Ohio . 

Canaan,  Conn . 

Napa,  Cal . 

New  York  City . 

Walkerville,  Mont  .... 

Auburn,  Ala . 

New  York  City . 

—  do . 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Baltimore,  Md . 

New  York  City . 

Woonsocket,  R.  I . | 

New  York  City . 

Rockford,  Del . 

New  York  City . 

_ do . 

Paris . 

Buffalo,  N.  Y . 

Raritan,  N  J . 

New  York  City . 

Grand  Rapids,  Mich  . . 

Carson  City,  Nev . 

New  York  City . 

_ do . 

Syracuse,  N.  Y . 

Setauket,  R.  I . 

New  York  City . 

Oakville,  Cal . 

New  York  City . 

Utah . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

New  York  City . 

—  do . 

...do . 

Deadwood,  Dak . 

Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

...do . . 

New  York  City . 

Princeton,  N.  J  . 

Frisco,  Utah . 


Wire  brushes. 

Magnesian  limestone. 

Wines. 

Wood  engravings. 

Silver  and  gold  ores. 
Catalogues,  scholars1  works. 
Oil-painting. 

Belting. 

Wines. 

Refrigerators. 

Horse-shoe  nails. 

Wringers. 

Books. 

Window-shades. 

Oil-painting. 

Washing-machines. 

Oil-painting. 

Soaps.  « 

Cultivators. 

Reports,  catalogues,  etc. 
Carpet-sweepers. 

Ores. 

Oil-painting. 

Do. 

Mowers  and  reapers. 

Crude  rubber  and  products. 
Oil-painting. 

Wines. 

Oil-painting. 

Ores. 

Wrenches. 

Carpet  -sweepers. 

Ink. 

Publications. 

Ores. 

Collaborator. 

Dairy  appliances. 
Oil-painting. 

Catalogue. 

Ores. 


*  Social  Economy. 


438 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


List  of  awards— Bronze  medals. 


Class. 

Exhibitor. 

Address. 

Exhibit. 

52 

Colt’s  Patent  Fire  Arms  Manu¬ 
facturing  Co. 

Hartford,  Conn . 

Steam-engine. 

42 

Cordley  &  Hayes . 

New  York  City . 

Indurated  fiber  ware. 

73 

St.  Helena,  Cal . 

Wines. 

1 

Cox,  Kenyon . 

New  York  City . 

Oil-painting. 

2 

—  do . 

—  do . 

Painting. 

60 

Chapman  Manufacturing  Co . 

Meriden,  Conn . 

Sleigh  bells  and  plumes. 

73 

Crabb,  H.  W . 

Oakville,  Cal . 

Wines. 

73 

Craig,  W.  0 . 

Sonoma,  Cal . 

Do. 

53 

Curtis  &  Curtis . 

Bridgeport.  Conn . 

Die-stocks  and  threading-machines. 

17 

Cutler  &  Son . . 

Buffalo,  N.  Y . 

Desks. 

72 

Dadaut,  Charles,  &  Son . 

Hamilton,  Ill . 

Wine  and  vinegar  from  honey. 

1 

Dana,  W.  P.  W . 

Paris . 

Oil-painting. 

43 

Boston,  Mass . 

Stuffed  fish. 

36 

New  York  City . 

Costumes. 

1 

Delachaux,  L.  D . 

Paris . 

Oil-painting. 

6 

Department  of  Public  Instruc¬ 
tion,  New  Hampshire. 

Concord,  N.  H . 

Reports. 

6 

Department  of  Education . 

Columbia,  S.  C . 

Do. 

6 

Department  of  Public  Instruc¬ 
tion,  Texas. 

Austin,  Tex . 

Do. 

6 

Department  of  Public  Instruc¬ 
tion,  Oregon. 

Portland,  Oregon . 

Do. 

76 

Demaree,  G.  W . 

Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

Collaborator. 

41 

Dickerson  Luckasunny  Mining 
Co. 

Dover,  N.  J . 

Ores. 

1 

Dodge,  W.  L . 

Paris . 

Oil-painting. 

52 

Dodge  Manufacturing  Co . 

Mishawaka,  Ind . 

Wooden  pulleys. 

73 

Edge  Hill  Wine  Co . 

St.  Helena,  Cal . 

Wines. 

6 

Educational  News . 

Philadelphia.  Pa . 

Educational  publication. 

62 

Electrical  Supply  Co . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Electrical  appliances. 

52 

Emerson  &  Midgely . 

Beaver  Falls,  Pa . 

Belting  and  hose. 

70,71 

76 

Erie  Preserving  Co . 

Buffalo,  N.Y  . 

Canned  fruits  and  berries. 

Falconer,  W.  F . 

Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

Collaborator. 

1 

Farney,  H.  F . 

Cincinnati,  Ohio . 

Oil-painting. 

72 

Fawcett,  Alice  K . 

Ormond,  Fla . 

Guava  jelly. 

Maps  of  forest  areas  of  the  United 
States. 

82 

Fernon,  E.  B . 

Washington,  D.  C . 

76 

Finker,  G.  L . 

Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

Collaborator. 

63 

Fleming  Manufacturing  Co . 

Fort  Wayne,  Ind . 

Road  machine. 

70,71 

Florida  State  Horticultural  So¬ 
ciety. 

Florida  ...  . 

Citrous  fruits. 

44 

Florida  Tobacco  Producing  Co  . . . 

—  do . 

Tobaccoes. 

1 

Forbes,  C.  F . 

Paris . 

Oil-painting. 

19 

1 

Ford,  Edwin 

Boston,  Mass . 

Glass. 

Fowler,  Frank . 

New  York  City . 

Oil-painting. 

37 

Frenzel,  Joseph . 

Tiffany  &  Co.,  New 
York  City. 

Collaborator. 

45 

Frederic  Crance  Chemical  Co  ... . 

Short  Hills,  N.  J . 

Varnish  for  silver  and  bronzes. 

19 

Fromont,  Henry  . 

New  Orleans,  La . 

Glassware,  engraved. 

Collaborator. 

.76 

Fyrell,  A.  C . 

Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

1 

Gaul,  Gilbert . 

New  Jersey . 

Oil-painting. 

ass. 

1 

1 

26 

4J 

44 

71 

50 

73 

1 

59 

41 

1 

41 

41 

1 

76 

72 

69 

59 

29 

9 

29 

74 

36 

71 

24 

71 

6 

1 

6 

54 

53 

1 

1 

24 

3 

24 

1 

41 

41 

73 

61 

12 

r.8 

45 

9 

59 

20 

,71 

28 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APFENDIX  N. 


439 


List  of  awards— Bronze  medals. 


Exhibitor. 


Gardner,  Miss  E.  J . 

Gilford,  R.  S . 

Giles,  F.  S . 

Gendron  Iron  Wheel  Co _ 

Griffin,  S.  M.,&  Co . 

Griffin  Canning  Co . 

Goulds  Manufacturing  Co  . . 

Gundlach,  J  ,  &  Co . 

Gutherz,  Carl . 

Hall  Type  Writer  Co _ _ _ 

Harney  Peak  Tin  Mining  Co 

Hart,  J.  M . 

Hartman  Manufacturing  Co 

Hartshorn,  Stewart . 

Hassam,  Childe . 

Heddon,  James . 

Heinz,  H.  T.,  &  Co . 

Hooper,  George  F  . 

Honiss,  W.  H . . 

Horsey  Manufacturing  Co . . 
Howard  Lockwood  &  Co  . . 

Howard  Strop  Co . 

Howe,  Leroy  . .  . 

Hough  &  Ford . . 

Huckins,  J.  H.  W.,  &  Co . 

Hughes,  William . 


Address. 


Exhibit. 


Paris . . . 

New  Jersey  . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Toledo,  Ohio . 

Richmond,  Va . 

Griffin,  Ga  . 

Seneca  Falls,  N.  Y _ 

San  Francisco,  Cal  . . . 

Paris .  . 

New-  York  City . 

Harney  Peak,  Dak .... 

New  York  City . 

_ do . 

East  Newark,  N.  J  ... 

Paris  . . 

Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa . 

Sonoma,  Cal . 

Bethlehem,  Pa . 

Utica,  N.  Y. 

New  York  City. 
Charlestown,  Mass  . . . 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Rochester,  N.  Y . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Gorham  Manufactur 
ing  Co.,  New  York 


Oil- painting. 

Do. 

Anti-magnetic  watch  cases. 
Children's  carriages. 
Tobaccoes. 

Canned  tomatoes. 

Pumps. 

W’ines. 

Oil-painting. 

Type -writer. 

Ore. 

Oil-painting. 

Wire  goods. 

Shade  rollers. 

Oil-painting. 

Collaborator. 

Preserves. 

Olive  oil. 

Collaborator. 

Felt  tooth  polishers. 

Books. 

Razor  strops. 

Horse-stall  mats. 

Shoes. 

Canned  soups. 

Collaborator. 


Humbert,  Henry  &  Co . 

Illinois  School  Journal . . 

Innes,  George . 

Intelligencer,  The . 

International  Wool  Improvement 
Co. 


City 

New  York  City . 
Bloomington,  Ill 
New  York  City  , 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Boston,  Mass 


Meat  extracts. 
Publications. 

Oil-painting. 

Periodical. 

Flush  and  flume  systems. 


Jackson,  Theodore . 

Johnson,  Eastman . 

Jones,  H.  Bolton . 

Jordan  (Gorham  Manufacturing 
Co.) 

Kitson,  H.  H . 

Kittell,  Rudolph  (Tiffany  &  Co.) . . 

Klumpke,  Mrs.  Annie  E . 

Knapp,  J.  C.  D . 

Knowd,  John  J . 

Krug,  Chas . 

Laird,  B.  F . 

Landy,  James  . 

Lehigh  University . 


New  York  City . 

...  do . . 

. .  .do . 

. .  .do . 

Anvers . 

New  York  City . 

Paris . 

Minneapolis,  Minn  ... 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

St.  Helena,  Cal . 

Covington,  Ky . 

Cincinnati,  Ohio  . 

Bethlehem,  Pa . 


Lepage  Glue  Co  ... . 
Lindsay,  Robert  M  . 

Lorenz, W.  R . 

Low,  J.  G.  and  J.  F 
Mallory,  E.  B.,  &  Co 
Mann,  C.  H.,  &  Co. . 


Boston,  Mass . 

Philadelphia,  Pa, . 
Bethlehem,  Pa  . . 
Chelsea,  Mass  .... 
Baltimore,  Md .  . . 
New  York  City  . . . 


Diamond  stone-cutting  saw. 
Oil-painting. 

Do. 

Collaborator. 

Sculpture. 

Collaborator. 

Oil-painting. 

Medicinal  vaporizers. 

Horse-shoes. 

Wines  and  brandies. 

Car-coupler. 

Photographs. 

Publications,  [reports,  and  cata¬ 
logues. 

Glue. 

Books. 

Collaborator. 

Art  tile- work. 

Canned  fruits  and  vegetables. 
Perfumery. 


12 

17 

60 

70 

52 

37 

73 

9 

44 

45 

61 

17 

27 

41 

6 

1 

1 

76 

71 

76 

76 

61 

65 

44 

6 

9 

19 

1 

41 

,71 

1 

50 

52 

27 

14 

61 

6 

7 

6 

6 

6 

7 

9 

41 

5 

73 

68 

9 

E.; 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


awards— Bronze  medals. 


Exhibitor. 


Address. 


Exhibit. 


Marx,  Ernest .  Plainfield,  N.  J 

Marks  Adjustable  Folding  Chair  _ do . 


Instantaneous  photographs. 
Folding  chairs. 


Co. 


Martin  &  Martin . 

Martin,  Wagner  &  Co . 

Mason,  Yolney,  W.,  &  Co _ 

Mason,  John  (Tiffany  &  Co) 

Matthews,  J . 

McClurg,  A.G.,  &  Co . 

McDonald,  A . 


...  do . 

Baltimore,  Md . 

Providence,  R.  I . 

New  York  City . 

Napa,  Cal . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Department  Agricult¬ 
ure. 


Harness. 

Canned  fruits  and  vegetables. 
Hoisting  machinery. 
Collaborator. 

Wines. 

Books. 

Collaborator. 


McLeish  &  Co . 

Merchants1  Despatch  Transpor¬ 
tation  Co. 

Merklin  Brothers . 

Michigan  Radiator  Manufactur¬ 
ing  Co. 

Miller  Lock  Co . 

Minnesota  School  for  Deaf-Mutes. 

Minor,  R.  C . . 

IJdoore,  H.  H . 

Murphy . . 

Myer,  Thomas  J.,  &  Co . 

Newcomb,  E.  R . 

Newman  &  Sons . 

New  York  Commercial  Co . 

Norton . | 

Nye,  William . 

Ohio  Educational  Monthly . 

Orange  Judd  Co . j 

Pacific  Art  Glass  Works . 

Patrick,  J.  D . i 

Peck,  A.  G.,  &  Co . 

Perry,  F.  H .  : 

Peters,  Clinton . 

Phillips,  C.  C . 

Pickering  Governor  Co . J 

Pike,  W.  H . 

Pomeroy  Truss  Co . 

Porter,  H.  K.,  &  Co . 

Public  schools . 

—  do . . . 

_ do . 

_ do  . 

_ do . 

_ do . . . . 

Publishers1  Weekly . 

Puget  Sound  Iron  Co . 

Putnam,  S.  G . 

Purity  Wine  Co . 

Queen  City  Chemical  Co . 

Rand,  McNally  &  Co . 


Buffalo,  N.  Y . 

New  York  City . 

_ do . 

Detroit,  Mich . 

Philadelphia,  Pa  . 

Faribault,  Minn . 

New  York  City . 

Paris . 

Department  Agricult¬ 
ure. 

Baltimore,  Md . 

Pleasant  Valley,  N.  Y. 
Department  Agricult¬ 
ure. 

New  York  City . 

Boston,  Mass . 

New  Bedford,  Mass  . . 

Akron,  Ohio . 

New  York  City . 

San  Francisco,  Cal. . . . 

Pai'is . . 

Cohoes,  N.  Y . 

Providence,  R.  I . 

Paris . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Portland,  Conn . 

New  York  City . 

. ...  do . 

Pittsburgh,  Pa . 

Coldwater,  Mich . 

. . .  do . 

Oskaloosa,  Iowa . 

Omaha,  Neb . 

Rimmersburgh,  Pa  . . . 

Moline,  Ill . 

New  York  City . 

Oregon  . 

New  York  City . 

San  Francisco,  Cal . . . 

Buffalo,  N.  Y . 

Chicago,  Ill . 


. ...  do 


do  . 


Gelatine. 

Refrigerator  car. 

Furniture. 

Radiators. 

Locks. 

Reports  and  methods. 

Oil-painting. 

Do. 

Collaborator. 

Canned  fruits  and  vegetables. 
Bee-keeping  appliances. 
Collaborator. 

Railroad  supplies,  etc. 

Yacht  Neversink. 

Animal  oils. 

Publications. 

Books. 

Stained  glass. 

Oil-painting. 

Axes  and  edge  tools. 

Canned  vegetables. 

Oil-painting. 

Portable  grinding  burr  mills. 
Spring  governor  for  steam-engines. 
Tea-pots,  gas-burners,  etc. 

Spinal  apparatus. 

Locomotive. 

Reports,  methods,  etc. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Do. 

Publications. 

Ores. 

Engravings. 

Wines. 

Baking-powder. 

Maps  and  atlases. 

Railway  publications. 


Social  Economy. 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  N.  441 


List  of  awards— Bronze  medals. 


Class. 

Exhibitor, 

Address. 

Exhibit. 

52 

Reid,  J.  Van  D . 

New  York  City . 

Belting  and  hose. 

1 

Richards,  W.T . 

.  .do . 

Oil-painting. 

69 

Rixford.G.  P . 

San  Francisco,  Cal .... 

Olive  oil. 

76 

Root,  A.  I . 

Department  Agricult¬ 
ure. 

Collaborator. 

28 

Rottenstem,  Dr.  J.  B . . 

Pai'is . 

Tooth-powder. 

45 

Gloucester,  Mass . 

Fish-glue. 

Wines. 

73 

Proffit,  Va . 

73 

Ryckman,G.F . 

Brockton,  N.  Y . 

Do. 

52 

57 

New  York  City _ ... 

Leather  belting. 

Wood  working  machinery. 

Schwal,  Ernest  . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

70,71 

12 

Chillicothe,  Ohio . 

Canned  corn  and  peaches. 
Photographs. 

Seavey,  Lafayette  W . 

New  York . 

60 

Secco,  Henry . 

New  York  City . 

Carriage  jacks. 

24 

Sevambry,  Godfrey  (Tiffany  &  Co.) 

New  York  City . . . 

Collaborator. 

41 

Shepard,  Sydney  &  Co . 

Buffalo,  N.Y . 

Household  novelties. 

52 

Silver  &  Deming . 

Salem,  Ohio . 

Pumping  machinery. 

1 

Simmons,  E.  E . 

London,  Eng . 

Oil-painting. 

52 

Slater,  Frank . 

Fitchburg,  Mass . 

Pantograph. 

41 

Smith,  John  E.,&  Sons . 

Buffalo,  N.Y . 

Meat-choppers. 

50 

57 

. .  do . 

....  do  . . 

Feed-cutters. 

Smith,  W.  A.  (A.  J.  Fay  &  Co.). 

Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Collaborator. 

12 

Society  of  Amateur  Photog¬ 
raphers. 

New  York  City . 

Photographs. 

62 

Solar  Carbon  Manufacturing  Co 

Pittsburgh,  Pa . 

Carbons. 

48 

Sperry,  Elmer  A . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Electric-light  plant. 

45 

Sphincter  Grip  Hose  Co . 

New  York  City . 

Hose. 

38 

Standard  Target  Co  . . . 

Cleveland,  Ohio  . 

Target  traps. 

41 

Stanley  Rule  and  Level  Co . 

New  Britain,  Conn. . . . 

Carpenters’  tools. 

1 

Story,  J.  R . 

Paris . 

Oil-painting. 

8 

St.  John’s  College . . 

Annapolis,  Md . 

Course  of  study  and  catalogue. 

44 

Straiton  &  Storm .  . 

New  York  City  . 

Cigars. 

67 

Street,  A.  S.,  &  Co . 

New  Haven,  Conn. . . . 

Cereal  products. 

44 

Stubbs,  Prof.  W.  C . 

Baton  Rouge,  La . 

Cotton  in  seed. 

1 

Thayer,  A.  H  . 

Boston . 

Oil-painting. 

1 

Thompson,  Wordsworth . 

Baltimore,  Md . 

Do. 

44 

Thornton,  Noble  &  Davis . 

Richmond,  Va  . 

Tobaccos. 

12 

Thors . 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

Photographs. 

6 

The  Teacher . 

New  York  City . 

Periodical. 

26 

Tiffany  &  Co . . 

Hall  clocks. 

1 

Truesdell,  E.  S . 

Ecouen,  France . 

Oil-painting. 

Wines  and  brandies. 

73 

Turk  T  de  . 

Santa  Rosa,  Cal . 

1 

Ulrich,  C.  F . 

Venice . 

Oil-painting. 

10 

Underwood,  John  &  Co . 

New  York  City . 

Inks  and  mucilage. 

52 

U nited  States  Metallic  Packing  Co. 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Packing,  oil  cups,  etc. 

73 

University  of  California . 

Berkeley  County, 
Cal. 

Wines. 

9 

University  Publishing  Co . 

New  York  City . 

Books. 

76 

Van  Dusen,  J.  H . 

Department  Agricult¬ 

Collaborator. 

6 

Van  Norman  Institute . 

ure. 

New  York  City . . 

Reports,  catalogues. 

44 

Vasey,  George . 

Department  Agricult¬ 
ure. 

Collaborator. 

8 

Vassar  College . 

Poughkeepsie,  N.  Y  . . 

Course  of  study,  catalogues,  etc. 

51 

Vizet,  V . 

Washi  ng-machines . 

1 

Vonnoh,  Robert  H . . . 

Paris  . 

Oil-painting. 

442 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


List  of  awards— Bronze  medals. 


Class. 

Exhibitor 

Address. 

Exhibit. 

1 

Walker,  Horatio . 

New  York  City . 

Do. 

10 

Waterman,  L.  E.,  &  Co . 

...  do . 

Pens. 

2 

Wier,  I.A . 

—  do . 

Painting. 

22 

Wemple,  J.C.,  &  Co . 

—  do . 

W  indow-shades. 

46 

Wiggin’s  Sons,  H.  B . 

....  do . 

Window-shade  fabrics. 

72 

Wilbur,  H.  0.,  &  Son . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Confectionery. 

72 

Wiley,  H.  W . 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Sorghum  sugar  industry. 

70,71 

Winterport  Packing  Co . 

Winterport,  Me _ ... 

Canned  sweet-corn. 

S.E.* 

Yale  and  To wne  Manufacturing 
Co. 

Stamford,  Conn . 

Post-office  system. 

HONORABLE  MENTION. 


3 

Adams,  S.  H . 

Paris . 

Plaster  bust. 

72 

Adams  &  Sons . 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y . 

Chewing-gum. 

41 

Adirondack  Pulp  Co . 

Troy,  N.  Y . 

Talc. 

65 

Allen,  Frederic  S . . 

Cuttyhunk  Island, 

Lifeboat. 

Mass. 

9 

American  Bookmaker  . 

New  York  City . 

Publications. 

35 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Mattresses,  pillows,  etc. 

8 

American  Numismatic  and  Arch- 

New  York  City . 

Proceedings  and  catalogues. 

seological  Society. 

45 

Armour  &  Co . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Glue,  bone-meal. 

9 

Armstrong  &  Knauer. . 

New  York  City . 

Directories. 

69 

Bagnoli,  Luidi . 

California . 

Olive  oil. 

38 

Bailey,  Farrel  &  Co . 

Pittsburgh,  Pa . 

Automatic  cartridge-loaders. 

29 

Bailey,  C.  J.,  &  Co . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Brushes. 

9 

Bardeen,  C.  M.,  &  Co . 

Syracuse,  N.Y . 

Books. 

12 

Beal,  J.H . 

New  York . 

Photographic  views. 

73 

Ben  Lomond  Wine  Co . 

Santa  Cruz,  Cal . 

Wines. 

7 

Betz,  Carl . 

Kansas  City . 

Gymnastic  text-books  and  appa¬ 

ratus. 

12 

Bloch,  Benoit . 

Brooklyn,  N.  Y . 

Photography. 

61 

Boyden  Power  Brake  Co . 

Baltimore,  Md . 

Car  brakes. 

41 

Brainerd  Quarry  Co .  . 

Portland,  Conn . 

Brownstone. 

1 

Breck.  John  L . 

Paris . 

Oil-painting. 

9 

Brentano,  A . 

New  York  City . 

Books. 

41 

Brewington,  Bainbridge  &  Co _ 

Baltimore,  Md . 

Household  hardware.] 

1 

Bristol,  J.  B .  . 

New  Y  ork  City . 

Oil-painting. 

1 

Brown,  J.  G . 

...  .do . 

Do. 

g 

Brown  University . 

Providence,  R.  I . 

Reports,  text-books,  etc. 

70,71 

Brown,  Arthur . . . 

Bagdad,  Fla  . 

Pecan  nuts. 

42 

Brooks,  Henry . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Photographs  of  forest  trees. 

44 

Bruce,  William .  .... 

Quincy,  Fla . 

Tobaccos. 

8 

Buffalo  Historical  Society . 

Buffalo,  N.  Y . 

Proceedings,  etc. 

1 

Butler,  G.  B . 

New  York  City . 

Oil-painting. 

10 

Case,  Lockwood  &  Brainerd  Co  . . 

Hartford,  Conn . 

Specimens  of  bookbinding. 

41 

Castle,  W.  H . 

Geneva,  Ohio 

Animal  trap,  etc. 

58 

Campbell  Printing  Press . 

New  York  City . 

Printing  machines. 

72 

Canning  Company . 

St.  Augustine,  Fla _ 

Canned  fruit. 

35 

Chanut,  J.  M . 

New  York  City . 

Gloves. 

57 

Chapman,  Lewis  M .  . 

_ do . 

Glass  spinning  and  engraving. 

8 

Chicago  Library . . . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Reports  and  catalogues. 

*  Social  Economy. 


52 

,71 

45 

72 

41 

12 

44 

1 

8 

5 

1 

1 

8 

16 

31 

27 

72 

28 

1 

2 

56 

73 

50 

72 

18 

73 

42 

61 

8 

44  j 

73 

6 

16 

31 

27 

41 

51 

6 

44 

9 

73 

2 

1 

73 

44 

11  I 

8 

6 

28 

1 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  N.  443 


List  of  awards— Honorable  mention. 


Exhibitor. 


Address. 


Exhibit. 


Chicago  Raw  Hide  Manufactur-  Chicago,  Ill . 

ing  Co. 

Claggett,  F .  Upper  Marlborough, 


Belting. 

Canned  vegetables. 


Md. 


Collins,  S.,  &  Son . 

Conway  Springs  Co . 

Copper  Basin  Mining  Co ... . 

Cox,  G.  C . 

Crawford,  E.  M . 

Curtis,  Ralph . 

Dartmouth  College . 

Davidson,  H . 

De  Haas,  M.  F.  H . 

Denham,  H . 

De  Pauw  University . 

Department  of  Agriculture . 


New  York  City . 

Conway  Springs,  Kans. 

Prescott,  Ariz . 

New  York  City . 

Department  of  Agri¬ 
culture. 

Paris . 

Hanover,  N.  H . 

New  York  City . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

Greencastle,  Ind . 

Washington,  D.  C _ 


—  do . 

Dopp,  H.  W.,  &  Son . 

Douglas  Sugar  Co . 

Doussan  French  Perfumery  Co. . . 

Don,  Arthur  W . 

Drake,  W.  H . 

Dummer  Academy . 

East  Florida  Seminary . 

Eaton,  J.  H . 

Edge  Hill  Wine  Co . 

Enterprise  Manufacturing  Co  ... . 

Erie  Canning  Co . 

Evanhoe,F.  N . 

Ewer  &  Atkinson . 

Fairweather  &  Ladon  . .  . 

Fisher,  Clark . 

Fischel,  Adler  &  Schwartz . 

Florida  Collective  Exhibit . 

Florida  Wine  Co . 

Foote,  A.  E . 

....do  . 

Fradley,  J.  F.,&  Co . 

Frank,  F.  A . 

—  do . 

—  do . 

French  School,  House  of  Refuge  . 

Fremery,  Felix . 

Gallison  and  Hobron  Co . 

Gast  Wine  Co . 

Greatorex,  Miss  Kathleen . 

Gross,  P.  A . 

Grossman,  H . 

Hamlin,  A.  C . 

Harris,  Nathaniel  P . 

Harvard  Annex . 

Harwood  Manufacturing  Co . 

Hartrick,  Edwd . 

Hayden,  C.  H . 


—  do . 

Buffalo,  N.  Y . 

Douglas,  Kan . 

New  Orleans,  La . 

New  York  City . 

_ do . 

South  Byfield,  Mass  . . 

Gainesville,  Fla . 

Monroe,  Wis . . 

St.  Helena,  Cal . 

Columbiana,  Ohio  .... 

Buffalo,  N.Y . 

New  York . 

Rutherford,  Cal . 

New  York  City . 

Trenton,  Utah . 

New  York  City . 

Sanford,  Fla . 

Clay  Springs,  Fla . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

_ do . 

New  York  City . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

_ do . 

Hudson,  N.Y . 

Yorktown,  Tex . 

New  York  City . 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Paris . 

...do . 

Napa,  Cal . 

Bangor,  Me  . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Cambridge,  Mass . 

Boston . 

San  Francisco,  Cal .... 
Paris . 


Printing  inks. 

Sorghum  sugar. 

Ores. 

Photography. 

Tobaccos. 

Oil-painting. 

College  periodicals  and  catalogue. 
Engravings. 

Oil-painting. 

Do. 

Catalogues. 

Mammals  and  birds  of  economic  im¬ 
portance. 

Flax  fiber. 

Steam-jacketed  settles. 

Sorghum  sugar  and  sirups. 
Perfumery. 

Oil-painting. 

Painting. 

Pamphlets  and  catalogues. 
Free-hand  drawing. 

Plaiting  machine. 

Wine. 

Feed  cutters. 

Canned  fruit  and  vegetables. 

Design  in  silk. 

Wines. 

Hemlock  bark. 

Rail-joint. 

Etchings  and  advertisements. 
Tobacco. 

Wines. 

Geological  reports. 

Geological  map  and  reports. 

Gold  heads  for  canes. 

Cook  stoves. 

Hardware 

Machine  for  pomades,  extracts,  etc. 
Scholars1  work,  etc. 

Jute  and  ramie. 

Books. 

Wines. 

Painting. 

Oil-painting. 

Wines. 

Minerals. 

Furniture  designs. 

Publications  and  catalogues. 

School  chairs. 

Perfumes 

Oil-painting. 


ass. 

9 

1 

3 

37 

53 

,71 

40 

16 

61 

6 

41 

44 

41 

45 

20 

37 

8 

,71 

,71 

9 

1 

5 

73 

18 

8 

41 

28 

10 

12 

45 

72 

41 

67 

41 

62 

1 

41 

61 

58 

9 

8 

62 

1 

10 

59 

44 

72 

41 

8 

61 

8 

1 

44 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


awards— Honorable  mention. 


Exhibitor. 


Heath, D.C.,&  Co . 

Henry,  E.  L  . 

Held,  Chas . 

Horton,  Angell  &  Co . 

Horton  &  Sons  Co . 

Hooper,  Geo.  F . 

Howard,  A.  H . 

Hydrographic  Office . . 

Inloes,  W.  H . 

Institute  of  Our  Lady  of  the  Sa¬ 
cred  Heart. 

International  Specialty  Co 

Jackson,  A.  C . 

Jewett,  J.  C.,  Manufacturing  Co  . . 

Johnston,  Henry  M . 

Kahenn,  A. ,  &  Co  . . . 

Kent  &  Stanley . 

Kentucky  University . 

Kennon,  Gray  &  Co  . 

Kimball,  Frank  A . 

Knox,  Thomas  W . 

Koehler,  Robt . . 

Kruell,  G . 

Krugg,  Chas . 

Knitted  Mattress  Co . 

Lafayette  College . 

Lawrence, R.,&  Co . 

Leesburgh  Manufacturing  Co . 

Little,  A.  P . 

Lloyd,  J.  H . 

Lugam,  C . 

Lutted,  James . 

Magnolia  Anti-Friction  Metal  Co 

Mansfield,  Miss  J.  E  . . 

Maris  Machine  Co  . 

Medburg . 

Meza,  Wilson  de . 

Meigs,  Gen.  M.  C . 

Michigan  Railway  Supply  Co ... . 

Miller,  Edward  L . 

Mitchell,  J.J.,&  Co . 

Mount  Holyoke  Seminary . 

Munson  Lightning  Conductor 

McEntee,  Jervis . 

Nassau  Manufacturing  Co . 

National  Cash  Register  Co . 

Neal,  T.  D . 

Newcomb,  E.  R . 

New  England  Brown  Stone  Co  . . . 
New  Haven  Historical  Society. . . 

New  York  Car  Wheel  Works . 

New  York  Mercantile  Library 
Association. 

Nichol,  J.  C . 

Noblin  and  Hudson . 


Address. 

Exhibit. 

Boston,  Mass . 

Books. 

New  York  City . 

Oil-painting, 

Paris . 

Engraving  on  metals. 

Attleborough,  Mass. . . 

Jewelry. 

Windsor  Locks,  Conn . 

Lathe  chucks. 

Sonoma,  Cal  . 

Pickled  walnuts  and  olives. 

Boston,  Mass . 

Gymnastic  appliances. 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Charts. 

Asheville,  N.  C . 

Railway  turn-table  lock. 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Students’  work. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y . 

Twine  holder. 

Sanford,  Fla . 

Hay  and  grasses. 

Buffalo,  N.Y . 

Refrigerators. 

Brooklyn,  N.Y . 

Distemper  paints. 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Clocks. 

Providence,  R.  I . 

Watch  chains. 

Lexington,  Ky . 

Reports  and  catalogues. 

Sublet  Farm,  Pa . 

Canned  vegetables. 

National  City,  Cal  .... 

Citrus  fruits. 

New  York  City . 

Books. 

Munich . 

Oil-painting. 

New  York  City . 

Engraving. 

St.  Helena,  Cal . 

Wines. 

Mattresses. 

Easton,  Pa .  . 

Reports,  catalogues,  etc. 

Buffalo,  N.  Y . 

Bouquet  holders. 

Leesburgh,  Fla . 

Perfumes. 

New  York  City  .  .  . 

Type-writer  ribbons. 

Troy,  N.  Y . 

Photographs. 

New  Orleans,  La . 

Optical  instruments,  etc. ,  glasses. 

Buffalo,  N.Y. . 

Candies. 

New  York  City . 

Metals. 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Samples  popped  corn. 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Portable  hoists. 

Indurated  fiber  tubes. 

New  York  City . 

Oil-painting. 

Washington,  D.  C . 

Military  consumption  of  fuel. 

Railway  News  Co . 

Collaborator. 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

Paper  and  card  cutting  machine. 

New  York  City . 

Books. 

South  Hadley,  Mass  . . 

Reports,  catalogues,  and  scholars 
work. 

Indianapolis,  Ind . 

Lightning  conductors. 

New  York  City . 

Oil-painting. 

_ do . 

Mucilage  bottle  and  tip. 

...  do . 

Check  and  adding  machine. 

Richmond,  Va . 

Tobacco. 

Pleasant  Valley,  N.  Y, 

Honey. 

Cromwell,  Conn . 

Brownstone. 

New  Haven,  Conn 

Reports,  etc. 

Buffalo,  N.Y . 

Car  wheels. 

New  York  City . 

Catalogue. 

_ do . 

Oil-painting. 

South  Boston,  Va. . . . 

1  Tobaccos. 

8 

73 

35 

41 

8 

6 

-71 

43 

1 

24 

73 

2 

10 

27 

41 

49 

.71 

1 

37 

9 

6 

6 

61 

6 

27 

41 

37 

-71 

10 

26 

72 

3 

12 

74 

6 

29 

73 

1 

41 

27 

28 

44 

57 

12 

41 

24 

8 

8 

9 

69 

9 

1 

61 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  N.  445 


List  of  awards-  Honorable  mention. 


Exhibitor. 


Address. 


Exhibit. 


Norman  Williams  Public  Li¬ 
brary. 

Nouveau  Clos  Vougeot  Vineyard. . 

Noyes,  J.  P . 

Nutrizio,  Henry . 

Omaha  Public  Library . 

Oregon  School  for  Deaf  Mutes  . . . 

Orestott,  Henry . 

Osgood,  N.  R . . 

Parton,  Arthur . 

Parker,  M.E . 

Pearson,  Alex.  M .  — 

Pennell,  Jos . . 

Philadelphia  Novelty  Co  . 

— do . 

—  do .  . 

Plano  Manufacturing  Co . 

Plant  System . 

Plumb,  Henry  G . 

Poest,  Wm.  (Tiffany  &  Co.) . 

Poor,  H.  V.  &  H.  W . 

Public  Schools  of  Fort  Worth  .... 
Public  Schools  of  Lewiston,  Me. . . 

Railway  News  Co . 

Rand,  McNally  &  Co . 

Reid,  Adam . 

Reid,  A.  H . 

Rider,  S.A.,&Co.... . 

Rixford,  G.  P . 

Rogers  Stamp  Co.  . . . 

—  do . 

Ross,  Mary  E .  . 

Ruggles.Miss  T.  A . 

Ryder,  J.  F . 

Salmon,  D.  E . 

School  for  Young  Ladies. . 

Schramm,  H.  G . . . 

Schram,  Jacob . 

Shirlan,  Walter . . . 

Shaler  &  Hall  Quarry  Co . 

Shepard,  Sydney,  &  Co . 

Sheffield,  Dr.  L.T . 

Shelborne,  Silas . 

Silver  and  Deming  Manufacturing 


Woodstock,  Vt . 

St.  Helena,  Cal . 

Binghamton,  N.  Y . 

New  York  City . 

Omaha,  Neb . 

Salem,  Oregon . 

Placer  City,  Cal . 

Battle  Creek, Mich. . . . 

New  York  City . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Vineland,  N.J . 

London,  England .  ... 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

_ do . . 

do . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Florida . 

New  York  City . 

— do . 

— do .  . 

Fort  "Worth,  Tex . 

Lewiston,  Me . 

New  York  City . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

Buffalo,  N.Y . 

Philadelphia,  Pa . 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

San  Francisco,  Cal. . . .  | 

Providence,  R.  I . 

_ do . ; 

New  York  City . 

Anvers,  Seine  et  Oise . .  I 

Cleveland,  Ohio . 

Washington,  D.  C . 

New  Orleans,  La . 

Camden,  N.J . — 

St.  Helena,  Cal . 

New  York  City . 

Portland,  Conn . 

Buffalo,  N.Y . . 

New  York  City . 

Richmond,  Va . 

Salem,  Ohio . 


Catalogue. 

Wines. 

Buttons. 

Coffee-pots. 

Catalogues. 

Reports  and  scholars’  work. 
Raisins. 

Portable  canvas  boat. 
Oil-painting. 

Fish-scale  jewelry. 

Wine. 

Painting. 

Articles  for  writing  tables. 

Gas  burners  and  fixtures. 
Specialties  in  cutlery. 

Binders  and  mowers. 

Preserved  fruits. 

Oil-painting. 

Collaborator. 

Books. 

Reports,  text-books,  etc. 

Do. 

Railroad  appliances  and  models. 
Books. 

Portable  oven. 

Lightning  braces. 

Jewelry. 

Is  uts  and  berries. 

Stamp  with  clock  movement. 
Automatic  dating-stamp. 
Excelsior  sauces 
Bronze  and  plaster  studies. 
Photographs. 

Models  of  creamery,  silo,  etc. 
Catalogues  and  scholars’  works. 
Pipes. 

Wines. 

Oil-painting. 

Brownstone. 

Household  novelties. 

Dentifrice. 

Tobacco. 

Carriage-making  machinery. 


Co. 


Smith  &  Pattison . 

Standard  Target  Co . 

Straker,  Wm  (Gorham  Manufact¬ 
uring  Co.) 

St.  Louis  Public  Library . 

St.  Stephen’s  College . 

Stokes,  Frederic  H . 

Swift  &  Co . 

Taintor  Bros.  &  Co . 

Theriat,  Chas . 

Thornton  &  Motley  (Railway  News  I 
Co.).  I 


Chicago,  Ill . 

Cleveland,  Ohio  .... 
New  York  City  . . 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Annandale,  N.  Y _ 

New  York  City . 

Chicago,  Ill . 

New  York  City . 

Paris .  ... 

New  York  City . 


Burnishing  enameler. 
Targets. 

Collaborator. 

Catalogues. 

Reports  and  catalogues. 
Books. 

Lard. 

Books. 

Oil-painting. 

Collaborator. 


446 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


List  of  awards— Honorable  mention. 


Class. 

Exhibitor. 

Address. 

Exhibit. 

42 

Tiffany  Chemical  Co . 

New  York  City . 

Tan-bark  and  tan  extracts. 

56 

Tillinghast  Supply  Co . 

Providence,  R.  I _  . 

Sewing-machine. 

29 

Torrey,  J.  R.,  &  Co . 

Worcester,  Mass . 

Razor-strops. 

53 

Tower  &  Lyon  . 

New  York  City . 

Patent  vises. 

Watches. 

26 

Trenton  Watch  Co . 

_ do . 

1 

Turner,  Chas.  Y . 

...  do . 

Oil-painting. 

37 

Uibel  &  Barber . 

—  do . 

Alligator  teeth  and  sea-bean  jewelry. 

53 

Upton,  Geo . 

Boston,  Mass . 

Sand-paper. 

1 

Vedder,  Elihu . 

Rome . 

Oil-painting. 

27 

Vizet,  V . . . 

New  Rochester,  N.  Y  . 

Gas  bracket. 

45 

Ward,  Everett . 

New  York  City . 

Soaps. 

Sculpture. 

3 

Warner,  Olin  L .  .... 

_ do . 

61 

Warren,  Andrew . 

St.  Louis,  Mo . 

Railroad  jacks. 

26 

WTaterbury  Watch  Co . 

Waterbury,  Conn . 

Watches. 

10 

Weeks  &  Campbell . 

New  York  City . 

Leather  and  celluloid  specialties. 

8 

Wellesley  College . 

Wellesley,  Mass . 

Reports,  catalogues,  etc. 

92 

Wharton,  Joseph . 

Camden,  N.  C . 

Metallic  alloys. 

1 

Whiteman,  S.  E . 

St.  Leger,  Seine  et  Oise 

Oil-painting. 

53 

Whiton  Machine  Co . 

New  London,  Conn  . . . 

Lathe-chucks,  machines,  etc. 

2 

Wiles,  Irving  R . 

New  York  City . 

Painting. 

24 

Wilkinson,  Walter  (Gorham  Man¬ 
ufacturing  Co.). 

_ do . 

Collaborator. 

63 

Wilson,  James  Godfrey . 

_ do . 

Rolling  blinds  and  shutters. 

52 

Wilson  &  Roake  . . . 

_ do . 

Steam-trap  and  skimmer. 

System  of  dress-measuring. 

56 

Wingate,  Julia  F . 

—  do . 

44 

Winston,  Frank . 

Tennessee . 

Tobacco. 

8 

Woburn  Public  Library. . . 

Woburn,  Mass  . 

Catalogue. 

5 

Wolf,  Henry .  - . 

New  York  City . 

Engravings. 

12 

Wood,  G.  B . . 

Philadelphia  Pa . 

Photographs. 

1 

Worthington,  Whittredge . 

New  York  City . 

Oil-painting. 

1 

Wynant,  A.  H . 

...  do . 

Do. 

44 

Ybor,  Martinez  &  Co . 

Ybor  City,  Fla . 

Cigars. 

RECAPITULATION  OF  AWARDS  TO  UNITED  STATES  EXHIBITORS  AND  COLLABORATORS. 


Group  or  section. 

Grand 

prizes. 

Gold 

medals. 

Silver 

medals. 

Bronze 

medals. 

Honorable 

mention. 

Total 

awards. 

Group  I  . . . 

2 

7 

22 

43 

35 

109 

Group  II . 

21 

58 

86 

41 

59 

265 

Group  III . . 

2 

12 

19 

18 

20 

71 

Group  IV . 

2 

11 

13 

4 

12 

42 

Group  V . 

4 

29 

33 

37 

'38 

141 

Group  VI . 

13 

38 

37 

35 

28 

151 

Group  VII . 

2 

23 

35 

35 

29 

124 

Group  VIII . 

5 

11 

15 

5 

2 

38 

Field  trials  Group  VTTT  . 

*2 

4 

2 

8 

Group  IX . 

1 

1 

Competitive  exhibition,  Class  82  .  ... 

1 

j 

2 

Competitive  exhibition,  reproductive 

animals . 

3 

2 

t5 

Social  economy  section . 

2 

10 

6 

3 

21 

Collaborators . 

11 

28 

22 

5 

66 

Total . 

55 

214 

300 

246 

229 

1,044 

*  These  grand  prizes  are  works  of  art. 
t  These  medals  were  accompanied  by  $463.20  cash. 


APPENDIX  O 


DECORATIONS  BESTOWED  ON  ACCOUNT  OF  THE  UNITED 
STATES  AT  THE  PARIS  EXPOSITION,  1889. 

LEGION  OF  HONOR. 


General  W.  B.  Franklin . Grand  Officer 

Thomas  A.  Edison . Commander 

Somerville  Pinkney  Tuck . Officer 

A.  Bailly-Blanchard . Officer 

General  Rush  C.  Hawkins . Officer 

General  Francis  A.  Walker . Officer 

Elihu  Thomson . Officer 

William  C.  Gunnell . Chevalier 

Capt.  D.  A.  Lyle,  U.  S.  Army . Chevalier 

Capt.  Henry  C.  Cochrane,  U.  S.  Marine  Corps . Chevalier 

David  Urquhart,  jr .  Chevalier 

Charles  B.  Richards . Chevalier 

C.  V.  Riley . Chevalier 

B.  Abdank-Abakanowicz . Chevalier 

Lieut.  Aaron  Ward,  U.  S.  Navy  . ; . . . .Chevalier 

David  Cahn . Chevalier 

Max  Heilman .  .  .  .  Chevalier 

A.  L.  Rotch . Chevalier 

W.  T.  Dannat . Chevalier 

John  Lafarge . Chevalier 

Nathaniel  Wheeler . . . Chevalier 

William  Sellers .  .  .Chevalier 

Leroy  W.  Fairchild . Chevalier 

W.  H.  Doane . Chevalier 

Edward  C.  Moore  . . Chevalier 

Warren  M.  Healey  . . Chevalier 

John  S.  Sargent .  Chevalier 

Alexander  Harrison . Chevalier 

Ridgway  Knight . . . Chevalier 


OFFICERS  OF  PUBLIC  INSTRUCTION. 


Lieut.  B.  H.  Buckingham,  U.  S.  Navv.  S.  N.  Gotendorf. 


Arthur  J.  Stace. 
Spencer  B.  Newberry. 
W.  H.  Chandler. 

C.  Wellman  Parks. 
Robert  H.  Thurston. 


William  T.  Harris. 
Alexander  Harrison 
Charles  S.  Hastings. 
Charles  S.  Tainter, 
Carl  Hering. 


447 


448  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 

OFFICERS  OF  THE  ACADEMY. 

George  J.  Lucky.  Frank  van  der  Stucken. 

James  McAllister.  Cleveland  Abbe. 

George  F.  Kunz.  William  F.  Gardner. 

AGRICULTURAL  MERIT. 

A.  Howard  Clark . Officer 

David  King . Chevalier 

F.  T.  Bickford . , . .  .Chevalier 

James  Cheeseman  . . Chevalier 

C.  Richards  Dodge . Chevalier 


APPENDIX  P 


UNIVERSAL  INTERNATIONAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889. 

LIST  OF  INTERNATIONAL  CONGRESSES. 


Names  of  Congresses. 


Date  and  length 
of  session. 


Names  and  addresses  of  the  presidents 
of  committees  of  organization. 


Labor  Accident 
Ballooning . 


Sept.  9  to  Sept.  14 
July  31  to  Aug.  3 


Agriculture . . . 

Alcoholism  (for  the  study  of  questions 
relating  thereto). 

Anthropology  (criminals) . . . 

Prehistoric  Anthropology  and  Archae¬ 
ology. 

Architects . . . . . 

Relief  in  time  of  War  (works,  Red 
Cross). 

Public  Charity . . . 

Blind  (amelioration  of  their  condition) . 
Bibliography  of  the  Mathematical  Sci¬ 
ences. 

Bakeries . 

Chemistry . . . . . . 

Watchmaking . 

Carrier  Pigeons . . . . . 


July  3  to  July  11 
July  29  to  July  31 

Aug.  10  to  Aug.  17 
Aug.  19  to  Aug.  26 

June  17  to  June  22 


July  28  to  Aug.  4 
Aug.  5  to  Aug.  8 
July  16  to  July  26 

June  28  to  July  26 
July  29  to  Aug.  3 
Sept.  7  to  Sept.  14 
July  31  to  Aug.  3 


Colonial  (colonial  questions) . 

Dentistry . 

Skin  and  Syphilitic  Diseases . 

Commerce  and  Industry  . . . 

Electricians . . . 

Primary  Instruction . . . . . 

Higher  Instruction . 

Technical,  Commercial,  and  Industrial 
Instruction. 

Ethnography  (The  Science)  . . 

Athletic  Exercises  in  Education ....... 

Women’s  Work  and  Institution . . 

Geography  (The  Sciences)  . .  , . . 

Cheap  Dwellings . . . . . 


Sept.  22  to  Sept.  28 
Sept.  1  to  Sept.  7 
Aug.  5  to  Aug.  10 
Sept.  22  to  Sept.  28 
Aug.  24  to  Aug.  31 
Aug.  11  to  Aug.  19 
Aug.  5  to  Aug.  10 
July  8  to  July  12 


June  15  ....... _ 

July  12  to  July  18 
Aug.  6  to  Aug.  12 
June  26  to  June  28 


Homoeopathy . . . . 

Horticulture . . 

Hydrology  and  Climatology. .  . 


Aug.  21  to  Aug.  23 
Aug.  19  to  Aug.  21 
Oct.  3  to  Oct.  10 


Hygiene  of  Demography . 

Intervention  of  the  State  in  Contracts 
of  Labor. 


Aug. 

July 


4  to  Aug.  11 
1  to  July  4 


Mr.  Lander,  rue  du  Luxembourg,  38. 

Mr.  Janssen,  Observatory,  Meudon,  Seine- 
et-Oise. 

Mr.  Meline,  Palais-Bourbon. 

Mr.  Bergeron,  boulevard  Haussman,  157. 

Mr.  Brouardel,  ficole  de  Medecine. 

Mr.  De  Quatrefages,  rue  Geoffroy  St.  Hi¬ 
laire,  36. 

Mr.  Bailly,  boulevard  Bonne-nouvelle,  19. 


Dr.  Th.  Roussel,  rue  des  Mathurins,  64. 

Mr.  Martin,  boulevard  des  Invalides,  56. 
Mr.  Poincare,  rue  Claude-Bernard,  63. 

Mr.  Cornet,  rue  Rochechouart,  34. 

Mr.  De  Jonquieres,  avenue  Bugeaud,  2. 

Mr.  Janssen,  Observatory  Meudon,  Seine- 
et-Oise. 

Mr.  Barbey,  rue  de  Regard,  22. 

Dr.  David,  boulevard  St.  Germain,  180. 

Dr.  Hardy,  boulevard  Malsherbes,  5. 

Mr.  Poirrier,  rue  Lafayette,  105, 

Mr.  Mascart,  rue  de  l’UniversitO,  176. 

Mr.  Greard,  a  la  Sorbonne. 

Do. 

Do. 

Mr.  Oppert,  rue  de  Sfax,  2. 

Mr.  Jules  Simon,  place  de  la  Madeleine,  10, 

Mr.  De  Bizemont,  boulevard  St.  Germain. 
Mr.  Siegfried,  rond-point  des  Champs  Ely- 
sees,  6. 

Dr.Leon  Simon, rue  de  la  Tour  des  Dames, 5. 
Mr.  Hardy,  rue  du  Potager  4,  a  Versailles. 
Mr.  Renou,  Observatory,  Parc  St.  Maur 
(Seine). 

Mr.  Brouardel.  Ecole  de  Medecine. 

Mr.  Donnat,  rue^Chardin,  11. 


H.  Ex.  410- 


•29 


449 


450 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


List  of  International  Congresses. 


Names  of  Congresses. 


Date  and  length 
of  session. 


Names  and  addresses  of  the  presidents 
of  committees  of  organization. 


Intervention  of  the  State  in  Immigra¬ 
tion  and  Emigration. 

Intervention  of  the  State  in  Price  of 
Provisions. 

Applied  Mechanics . 

Medical  Jurisprudence . 

Insanity . . 

Veterinary  Surgeons . . 

Meteorology . . 

Mines  and  Metallurgy . 

Money . 

Officers  and  Non-Commissioned  Offi¬ 
cers  of  the  Fire  Brigade. 

Otology  and  Larynxology . 

Peace . 


July  5  to  July  10 

Sept.  16  to  Sept.  21 
Aug.  19  to  Aug.  24 
Aug.  5  to  Aug.  10 
Sept.  19  to  Sept.  24 
Sept.  19  to  Sept.  25 
Sept.  2  to  Sept.  11 
Sept.  11  to  Sept.  14 
Aug.  27  to  Aug.  28 

Sept.  16  to  Sept.  21 
June  23  to  June  30 


Share  of  Profits 
Photography  . . . 


July  16  to  July  29 
Aug.  6  to  Aug.  17 


Mr.  Isaac,  rue  Ste.  Beuve,  7. 

Mr.  Frederic  Passy,  rue  Labordere,  8, 
&  Neuilly. 

Mr.  Philips,  rue  de  Marignon,  17. 

Dr.  Brouardel,  lScole  de  Medecine. 

Dr.  Falret,  rue  du  Bac,  114. 

Mr.  Chauveau,  rue  Jules- Janin,  10. 

Mr.  Renou,  Observatory,  St.  Maur  (Seine). 
Mr.  Castel,  boulevard  Raspail,  144. 

Mr.  Magnin,  4  la  Banque. 

Mr.  Wolff,  avenue  Bosquet,  18. 

Dr.  Duplay,  rue  de  Penthievre,  2. 

Mr.  Frederic  Passy,  rue  Labordere,  8,  Neu¬ 
illy. 

Mr.  Charles  Robert,  rue  de  la  Banque,  15. 
Mr.  Janssen,  Observatoire  de  Meudon, 
Seine-et-Oise. 


Celestial  Photography . 

Provident  Institutions .  ,  — 

Processes  of  Construction . . . 

Artistic  Property . 

Real  Estate  (for  the  study  of  its  trans¬ 
fer). 

Property  in  Patents . 

Popular  Traditions . 

Protection  of  Works  of  Art  and  Monu- 


July  15  to  July  20 
Sept.  9  to  Sept.  14 
July  25  to  July  31 
Aug.  8  to  Aug.  14 

Aug.  3  to  Aug.  14 
July  29  to  Aug.  1 
June  34  to  June  29 


Mr.  Eiffel,  rue  Prony,  60. 

Mr.  Meissonier,  boulevard  Malsherbes,  131. 
Mr.  Duverger,  a  l’ficole  de  Droit. 

Mr.  Teisserenc  de  Bort,  ave.  Marceau,  82. 
Mr.  Ploix,  Quai  Malaquai. 

Mr.  Chas.  Garnier,  boulevard  St.  Germain, 


ments. 

Physiological  Psychology . 

Weekly  Rest . 

Life-Saving  . 

Stock  Companies  . 

Food  Co-operative  Associations 

Society  of  Authors . 

Statistics . 

Stenography . 

Therapeutics . 


Aug.  5  to  Aug.  10 


June  12  to  June  15 
Aug.  12  to  Aug.  19 
Sept.  8  to  Sept.  12 
June  17  to  June  27 


Aug.  4  to  Aug.  11 
Aug.  1  to  Aug.  5 


Maritime  Works . 

Unification  of  Time . 

Utilization  of  Water-Courses 

Zoology . 

Grain  and  Flour* . 

Workmen’s  Clubs . 


Oct.  7 


July  22  to  July  27 
Aug.  5  to  Aug.  10 
Aug.  20  to  Aug.  22 
July  11  to  July  13 


60. 

Dr.  Charcot,  boulevard  St.  Germain,  117. 
Mr.  L6on  Say,  rue  Fresnel,  21. 
Mr.Lisbonne,  rue  St.  Vincent  de  Paul,  3. 
Mr.  Larombitsre,  rue  d’Assas,  16. 

Mr.  Clavel,  rue  de  Bourgoyne,  2. 

Mr.  Jules  Simon,  place  de  la  Madeleine,  10. 
Mr.  Levasseur,  rue  Monsieur  le  Prince,  26. 
Mr.  Grosselin,  au  Palais-Bourbon. 

Dr.  Moutard-Martin,  boulevard  Hauss- 
man,  136. 

Mr.  Emile  Bernard,  ave.  du  Trocadero,  43. 
Mr.  Faye,  ave.  des  Champs-^ lys§es,  95. 

Mr.  Guillemain,  rue  Bellechasse,  55. 

Mr.  Milne-Ed wards,  rue  Cuvier,  57. 

Mr.  Siegfried,  rond-point  des  Champs-Ely- 

s6es,  6. 


*  This  Congress  was  not  in  the  original  list,  but  added  afterward. 


APPENDIX  Q. 


AMERICAN  DELEGATES  TO  THE  INTERNATIONAL  CON¬ 
GRESSES  APPOINTED  BY  THE  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL. 

Prof.  Thomas  Wilson,  Smithsonian  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. :  Hygiene  and 
Demography,  Criminal  Anthropology,  Prehistoric  Anthropology  and  Archaeology. 

C.  T.  Mason  :  Prehistoric  Anthropology  and  Archaeology. 

Dr.  Thomas  W.  Evans,  Paris  :  Public  Assistance  in  Time  of  War. 

Prof.  S.  B.  Newberry,  Cornell  University,  Ithaca,  N.  Y.  :  Chemistry,  Photog¬ 
raphy. 

Dr.  W.  H.  Chandler,  Lehigh  University,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa.:  Chemistry,  Tech¬ 
nical  Instruction. 

W.  A.  Donaldson,  Boston,  Mass. :  Primary  Instruction. 

Prof.  C.  Wellman  Parks,  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute,  Troy,  N.  Y. :  Popular 
Traditions,  Primary  Instruction,  Secondary  and  Higher  Education,  Applied  Me¬ 
chanics. 

Prof.  H.  W.  Howe,  Boston,  Mass.:  Technical  Instruction,  Mines  and  Metallurgy. 

Prof.  A.  Howard  Clark,  Boston,  Mass. :  Geographical  Science. 

Prof.  C.  V.  Riley,  Department  of  Agriculture,  Washington,  D.  C. :  Zoology, 
Horticulture,  Physiological  Psychology. 

Prof.  David  King,  Newport,  R.  I. :  Horticulture. 

A.  L.  Rotch,  Readville,  Mass. :  Hydrology  and  Climatology,  Meteorology. 

Dr.  John  H.  Rauch,  Chicago,  Ill. :  Intervention  of  Law  in  Contracts  of  Labor. 

Anthony  Pollock,  Washington,  D.  C. :  Industrial  Property. 

Capt.  D.  A.  Lyle,  U.  S.  Army,  Ordnance  Department :  Life-Saving  Service. 

A.  G.  Wilkinson,  Washington,  D.  C. :  Industrial  Property. 

In  addition  to  the  above  appointments  the  United  States  Commissioner-General 
and  the  Assistant  Commissioner-General  were  members  by  invitation  of  the  pres¬ 
idents  of  the  following  international  congresses,  respectively  : 

The  United  States  Commissioner-General :  Commerce  and  Industry.  Cheap 
Dwellings.  Life  Saving.  Public  Assistance.  Savings  Banks.  Emigration  and 
Immigration. 

The  Assistant  Commissioner-General :  Protection  to  Artistic  Property.  Savings 
Institutions.  Profit  Sharing.  Commerce  and  Industry.  Peace. 


451 


APPENDIX R 


DONATIONS  OF  EXHIBITS  BY  UNITED  STATES  EXHIBITORS. 

PARIS  EXPOSITION,  1889. 

The  following  exhibits  were  given  to  the  Societe  de  Geographie,  Paris: 

Prof.  Henry  S.  Osborn,  Oxford,  Ohio. 

Frederick  Cope  Whitehouse,  New  York  City. 

Chief  Engineer,  U.  S.  Army. 

The  following  exhibits  were  given  to  M.  Emile  Turquem,  Paris: 

College  of  Physicians,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Eclectic  Medical  College  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 

Homeopathic  Medical  College,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Indiana  State  Medical  Society,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Medical  Society  of  Kings  County,  Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 

New  York  Academy  of  Medicine,  New  York  City. 

The  following  exhibits  and  parts  were  given  to  the  Musee  Pedagogique,  Paris: 
Brooklyn  Library  Association. 

Hyatt  School  Slate  Company,  Limited,  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

Indian  Industrial  School,  Carlisle,  Pa. 

J.  B.  Lippincott  &  Co. ,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Kansas  State  Agricultural  College,  Manhattan,  Kan. 

Maryland  State  Normal  School,  Baltimore,  Md. 

New  England  Publishing  Company,  Boston,  Mass. 

Philadelphia  Manual  Training  School,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Public  Schools  of  Moline,  Ill. 

Public  Schools  of  Galveston,  Tex. 

Sockanosset  School  for  Boys,  Howard,  R.  I. 

St.  Stanislaus  Commercial  College,  Bay  St.  Louis,  Miss. 

United  States  Naval  Academy,  Annapolis,  Md. 

Washington  and  Lee  University,  Lexington,  Va. 

The  following  exhibits  and  parts  were  given  to  the  Musee  Pedagogique,  Berne, 
Switzerland: 

Public  Schools  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Public  Schools  of  Oskaloosa,  Iowa. 

Public  Schools  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

St.  Louis  Manual  Training  School,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

Sockanosset  School  for  Boys,  Howard,  R.  I. 

The  following  exhibits  and  parts  were  given  to  the  Pedagogic  Museum,  Albany, 
N  Y. : 

Alabama  Polytechnic  Institute,  Auburn,  Ala. 

Public  Schools  of  Buffalo,  N.  Y. 

Public  Schools  of  Elizabeth,  N.  J. 

Public  Schools  of  Fort  Worth,  Tex. 

Public  Schools  of  Galveston,  Tex. 

Public  Schools  of  Pittsburgh,  Pa. 

452 


REPORT  OF  COMMISSIONER-GENERAL - APPENDIX  R.  453 

Exhibits  and  parts  given  to  the  Pedagogic  Museum,  Albany,  N.  Y. — Continued . 
Public  Schools  of  Sandusky,  Ohio. 

Rowland  Hall  School,  Salt  Lake  City,  Utah. 

St.  Louis  Manual  Training  School,  St.  Louis,  Mo. 

St.  Stanislaus  Commercial  College,  Bay  St.  Louis,  Miss. 

School  Department,  House  of  Refuge,  Randall’s  Island,  New  York. 

State  Department  of  Public  Instruction,  Austin,  Tex. 

The  following  exhibits  were  given  to  the  National  College  of  Medicine,  Paris: 
Massachusetts  College  of  Pharmacy,  Boston,  Mass. 

Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy,  Philadelphia,  Pa. 

The  following  exhibits  were  given  to  the  Conservatoire  des  Arts  et  Metiers,  Paris., 
Benjamin  J.  Dashiel,  jr.,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Herman  Hollerith,  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  following  exhibits  were  given  to  the  Commercial  and  Industrial  Museum  of 
France,  Paris: 

School  desks  from  Boston  School  Exhibit. 

Seats  and  chairs  from  Harwood  &  Co.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Slates  and  crayons  from  D.  C.  Pratt  &  Co. ,  New  York. 

The  following  exhibits  were  given  to  the  Association  of  National  History,  Paris: 
New  Haven  Historical  Society,  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Southern  Historical  Society,  Richmond,  Va. 

Virginia  Historical  Society,  Richmond,  Va. 

The  exhibit  of  the  American  Antiquarian  Society  of  Worcester,  Mass.,  was  given 
to  the  American  Society  of  France. 

That  of  James  Hall,  LL.D.,  was  given  to  the  Societe  d’Histoire  Naturelle. 

That  of  J.  H.  Ryder  to  C.  H.  Gravier,  lecturer  in  the  College  of  France. 

That  of  the  University  of  California  to  the  Paris  Observatory. 

That  of  the  Rensselaer  Polytechnic  Institute  to  l’Ecole  Centrale,  Paris. 

That  of  the  State  Public  Schools  of  Michigan,  Coldwater,  Mich.,  to  the  Societe 
Generate  des  Prisons,  Paris. 

That  of  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology  to  the  Imperial  and  Royal 
Polytechnic  School  of  Austria,  Lemberg,  Austria. 

The  following  exhibits  and  parts  were  given  to  the  National  Library,  Paris: 
American  Baptist  Missionary  Union,  Boston,  Mass. 

American  Institute  of  Electrical  Engineers,  New  York. 

American  Museum  of  Natural  History,  New  York. 

Board  of  Education  of  Wisconsin,  Madison,  Wis. 

Baltimore  Public  Schools,  Baltimore,  Md. 

Bangor  Library,  Bangor,  Me. 

Bureau  of  Education,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Chicago  Public  Library,  Chicago,  Ill. 

Colorado  Institution  for  the  Deaf  and  Blind,  Colorado  Springs,  Col. 

Daytsn  Public  Library,  Dayton,  Ohio. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of  Iowa,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of  Arkansas,  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

Department  of  Public  Instruction  of  California,  Sacramento,  Cal. 

Dartmouth  College,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

General  Society  of  Mechanics  and  Tradesmen  of  the  city  of  New  York. 
Federal  Government  Reports — 

Department  of  Agriculture. 

Department  of  State. 

Interior  Department. 

Navy  Department. 

Treasury  Department. 

War  Department. 


454 


UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION  OF  1889  AT  PARIS. 


Exhibits  and  parts  given  to  the  National  Library,  Paris — Continued . 

H.  V.  and  H.  W.  Poor,  New  York  City. 

Hiwassee  College,  Hiwassee,  Tenn. 

Horace  B.  Miller,  New  York  City. 

Indiana  University,  Bloomington,  Ind. 

Insurance  Department  of  Connecticut,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Insurance  Department  of  Indiana,  Indianapolis,  Ind. 

Insurance  Department  of  Kansas,  Topeka,  Kans. 

Insurance  Department  of  Michigan,  Lansing,  Mich. 

Insurance  Department  of  Nebraska,  Lincoln,  Neb. 

Insurance  Department  of  New  Jersey,  Trenton,  N.  J. 

Insurance  Department  of  Pennsylvania,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

Insurance  Department  of  Wisconsin,  Madison,  Wis. 

Lafayette  College,  Easton,  Pa. 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  Boston,  Mass. 

Massachusetts  Insurance  Commission,  Boston,  Mass. 

Minnesota  School  for  the  Deaf,  Faribault,  Minn. 

New  York  Mercantile  Library  Association,  New  York  City. 

Norman  Williams  Library,  Woodstock,  Vt. 

Ohio  Institution  for  Feeble-Minded  Children,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Public  Library,  Fitchburg,  Mass. 

Public  Library,  Toledo,  Ohio. 

Railroad  Commission  of  Iowa,  Des  Moines,  Iowa. 

Railroad  Commissioner  of  Connecticut,  Hartford,  Conn. 

Railroad  Commissioners  of  Alabama,  Montgomery,  Ala. 

Railroad  Commissioners  of  Virginia,  Richmond,  Va. 

Railroad  Commissioners  of  Wisconsin,  Madison,  Wis. 

Railway  Commission  of  Ohio,  Columbus,  Ohio. 

St.  Stephen’s  College,  Annandale,  N.  Y. 

Secretary  of  Internal  Affairs,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

State  Board  of  Health,  Lansing,  Mich. 

State  Board  of  Registration,  Lansing,  Mich. 

State  Department  of  Education,  Harrisburg,  Pa. 

State  Industrial  University  of  Illinois,  Urbana,  Ill. 

Stevens  Institute  of  Technology,  Hoboken,  N.  J. 

The  Forum  Publishing  Company,  New  York  City. 

The  Manufacturer  and  Builder,  New  York  City. 

Tuft’s  Library,  Weymouth,  Mass. 

Times  Publishing  Company,  New  York  City. 

Virginia  Historical  Society,  Richmond,  Va. 

Waltham  Public  Library,  Waltham,  Mass. 

Westown  School,  Westown,  Pa. 

In  addition  to  the  above  special  exhibits,  the  large  quantities  of  wine,  preserved 
fruit,  jellies,  canned  meats,  etc.,  which  formed  the  extensive  collective  exhibits 
prepared  under  the  direction  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture,  were  donated  to  the 
charitable  organizations  of  Paris  without  regard  to  denomination,  but  chiefly  to  the 
“  Little  Sisters  of  the  Poor,”  in  all  cases  receipts  being  exacted  and  filed. 


APPENDIX  S. 


The  expenditures  have  been  classified  as  follows: 

Services  of  Commissioner-General . $10, 000. 00 

Services  of  Assistant  Commissioner-General . . .  5, 000. 00 

Services  of  nine  scientific  experts . . .  13, 500. 00 

Clerks  to  experts . .  11, 016.  93 

Engineers,  superintendents  of  sections,  and  skilled  labor .  17, 597. 90 

Jurors . . . . .  7,200.00 

Watchmen  and  guardians .  7,008.44 

Clerk  hire  in  New  York,  Paris,  and  Hartford . . . . . .  18, 295.  31 

Expenses  of  New  York  and  Hartford  offices . . .  2,475. 72 

Expenses  of  Paris  office .  7,  633. 95 

Postage,  expressage,  and  telegrams . . .  1,  925.  24 

Stationery  and  printing . . .  4, 806. 05 

Advertising . 1,349.95 

Outward  freight  and  terminal  expenses .  32, 146. 51 

Inward  freight  and  terminal  expenses .  16, 005. 44 

United  States  Government  exhibits .  5, 4 13. 69 

Fine  arts  section . . . . .  3, 420.  31 

Educational  section . .  2, 665. 44 

Industrial  section . . .  16,  923. 89 

Machinery  section. . . .  9, 526.  91 

Agricultural  section . . . . .  35,  969. 69 

Preparation  of  report  . . .  12, 646. 10 

Miscellaneous  expenditures . . .  7 , 472. 53 


Total . . .  250,000.00 


455 


INDEX 


Page. 

Alphabetical  catalogue  of  exhibitors  (Appendix  L) .  344 

Alumina  (Appendix  M) .  .  406 

Processes  of  production,  406 ;  exhibitors  of,  406. 

American  delegates  to  international  congresses  (Appendix  Q) . .  451 

American  mines  (Appendix  M) .  418 

Dividends  paid  by,  in  1888,  418;  total  amount  of  dividends  paid  to  1888,  418;  market 
value  of  the  property,  418;  dividends  declared  by  States,  1884-’88,  420;  assessments 
levied  in  1888,  420. 

Amount  of  quicksilver  produced  in  the  United  States  in  1887-88  (Appendix  M) .  399 

Amount  of  silver  in  the  United  States  (Appendix  M) .  384 

Amount  of  silver  used  industrially  in  the  United  States  (Appendix  M) .  384 

Amount  of  zinc  produced  in  the  United  States,  1882  to  1887,  inclusive,  by 

States  (Appendix  M) .  399 

Annual  amount  of  copper  exported  from  the  United  States  from  1867  (Ap¬ 
pendix  M) . 392 

Annual  amount  of  copper  imported  into  the  United  States  from  1867  (Appen¬ 
dix  M) .  392 

Annual  amount  of  copper  produced  in  the  United  States  from  1882  to  1887, 

inclusive  (Appendix  M) . 390 

Annual  amount  of  crude  petroleum  produced  in  the  United  States  from  1859 

(Appendix  M) .  408 

Annual  amount  of  graphite  produced  in  the  United  States  (Appendix  M). . . .  406 

Annual  amount  of  lead  produced  in  the  United  States  from  1873  (Appendix  M) .  396 

Annual  amount  of  lead  and  silver  produced  in  Leadville  from  1860  (Appen¬ 
dix  M) .  397 

Annual  amount  of  quicksilver  produced  at  New  Almaden,  Cal.,  from  1850 

(Appendix  M) .  402 

Annual  amount  of  quicksilver  produced  in  California  from  1879  (Appendix  M) .  400 
Annual  value  of  gold  product  of  the  United  States  from  1870  (Appendix  M). .  380 

Annual  value  of  gold  and  silver  product  of  the  United  States  from  1792  to 

1844  (Appendix  M) .  417 

Annual  value  of  gold,  silver,  lead,  and  copper  produced  west  of  the  Missouri 

River  from  1870  (Appendix  M) .  422 

Annual  value  of  mineral  products  of  the  United  States  (Appendix  M) .  367 

Annual  value  of  silver  product  of  the  United  States  from  1870  (Appendix  M). .  384 

Anthracite  coal,  production  of,  since  1820 .  375 

Composition  of,  374. 

Antimony  (Appendix  M) . . . . . .  405 

Where  found  in  the  United  States.  404:  production  in  the  United  States  for  1886,  1887, 
and  1888,  404;  exhibitors  of,  404. 


457 


458 


INDEX. 


Page. 


Appendices: 

A.  Decree  of  the  President  of  the  French  Republic  opening  the  Universal  Exposition 
of  1889  at  Paris,  179. 

B.  French  laws  and  regulations  governing  the  Exposition,  183. 

C.  The  French  general  commission,  214. 

D.  Estimated  and  actual  cost  of  buildings,  operations,  etc.,  215. 

E.  Statistics  of  admission,  216. 

F.  Restaurants,  concessions,  and  regulations,  217. 

G.  Foreign  countries  represented,  appropriations,  space  occupied,  etc.,  220. 

H.  Expenditures  in  Paris  of  foreign  commissions,  222. 

I.  Circulars,  forms,  and  regulations,  223;  (a)  anterior  to  exposition;  (b)  during  the 
exposition;  (c)  incident  to  the  close. 

J.  Synopsis  of  classification,  258;  group  1,  works  of  art;  group  2,  education  and  in¬ 
struction  ;  group  3,  furniture  and  accessories ;  group  4,  textile  fabrics ;  group  5,  extractive 
arts ;  group  6,  apparatus  and  processes  of  mechanical  industries ;  group  7,  food  products ; 
group  8,  agriculture,  cultivation  of  the  vine,  and  fish  culture;  group  9,  horticulture, 
social  economy. 

K.  Classified  catalogue  of  United  States  exhibitors,  261;  number  of  exhibitors  by 
classes  and  groups. 

L.  Alphabetical  catalogue  of  exhibitors,  344. 

M.  Mineral  resources  of  the  United  States,  363;  letter  transmitting  report  of  William 
P.  Blake,  special  agent;  annual  value  of  production;  geographic  distribution  of  prin¬ 
cipal  mineral  products ;  statistical  tables,  etc. 

N.  Awards  to  United  States  exibitors  and  collaborators,  424;  grand  prizes,  special 
prizes  for  field  trials,  for  reproductive  animals,  for  permanent  collection,  gold  medals, 
silver  medals,  bronze  medals,  honorable  mention,  recapitulation. 

O.  Decorations  bestowed  on  account  of  the  United  States  at  the  Paris  Exposition, 
1889,  447 ;  Legion  of  Honor,  officers  of  public  instruction,  officers  of  the  academy,  agri¬ 
cultural  merit. 

P.  List  of  International  Congresses,  449. 

Q.  American  delegates  to  the  International  Congresses  appointed  by  the  Commis¬ 
sioner-General,  451. 

R.  Donations  of  exhibits  by  United  States  exhibitors,  452. 

Armor:  the  Riggs  collection . 

Assessments  levied  by  mining  companies  in  1888  (Appendix  M) . .  . 

Assessments  and  dividends  on  Comstock  Lode  (Appendix  M) . 

Average  monthly  prices  of  lead  at  New  York  in  cents  per  pound  from  1870 

(Appendix  M) . 

Average  price  of  lake  copper  per  pound  in  cents  at  New  York  from  1860  (Ap¬ 
pendix  M) . . 

Awards  to  United  States  exhibitors  and  collaborators  (Appendix  N) . 

Grand  prizes;  special  prizes  for  field  trials,  for  reproductive  animals,  for  perma¬ 
nent  collection;  gold  medals;  silver  medals;  bronze  medals;  honorable  mention;  re¬ 
capitulation. 

Bayard,  T.  F.,  Secretary  of  State . 

Circular  replies  to  governors  of  States  and  Territories,  XVII;  letter  of  instruction  to 
Commissioner  General,  XI. 

Berger,  Georges,  Commissioner-General  of  the  Exposition,  report  to  President 

of  Council  on  Superior  Jury . 

Blaine,  J.  G.,  Secretary  of  State,  introductory  letter  from . 

Blake,  W.  P. . . . . . . 

Letter  to  W.  B.  Franklin,  Commissioner-General,  transmitting  report  on  mineral 
resources  of  the  United  States  (Appendix  M),  366;  report  on  mineral  resources  of  the 
United  States  to  Commissioner-General  (Appendix  M),  363. 

Building  stQne,  marble,  slate,  etc.  (Appendix  M) . 

Value  of  the  product  in  the  United  States,  in  1887,  411;  chief  localities  and  production 
of  slate,  412;  exhibitors  of  slate  and  granite,  412. 

Circulars,  forms,  and  regulations  (Appendix  I) . 

(a)  anterior  to  Exposition,  ( b )  during  the  Exposition,  (c)  incident  to  the  close. 

Classification,  synopsis  of  (Appendix  I) . . . 

Classified  catalogue  of  United  States  exhibitors  (Appendix  K) . 


169 

429 

387 

398 

393 

424 


85 

VII 


411 


223 

258 

261 


INDEX. 


459 


Coal  (Appendix  M) . . . .-  . 

Production  of ,  in  United  States  in  1888  and  1889,  373;  anthracite  and  composition,  374; 
production  of,  since  1820,  375;  exhibitors  of,  378. 

Coinage  of  gold  and  silver  at  United  States  mints  in  1888  (Appendix  M) . 

Coinage  of  gold,  silver,  and  copper  in  Mexico,  1878  to  1888  (Appendix  M)  .... 

Coinage  of  Mexico  from  establishment  of  mints,  1584  (Appendix  M) . 

Comstock  Lode  (Appendix  M) . 

Operations  on,  in  1888,  385;  total  production  of  silver  of,  386;  relative  value  of  gold 
and  silver  of,  386;  assessments  and  dividends,  387. 

Congress,  joint  resolution  of,  authorizing  printing  of  report . 

Consumption  of  natural  gas  (Appendix  M) .  . 

Copper  (Appendix  M) . . 

Production  and  sources  from  1882  to  1887,  inclusive,  390;  imports  of,  into  the  United 
States  from  1867,  392;  exports  of  from  the  United  States  from  1867, 392;  average  price 
of  lake  copper  per  pound  in  cents  at  New  York  from  1860, 393;  exhibitors  of  (with  notes 
of  production),  394. 

Cost  of  production  of  silver  in  the  United  States  (Appendix  M) . 

Decorations  bestowed  on  account  of  the  United  States  (Appendix  O) . 

Legion  of  Honor,  officers  of  public  instruction,  officers  of  the  academy,  agricultural 
merit. 

Decree  of  the  President  of  the  French  Republic,  opening  the  Universal  Expo¬ 
sition  of  1889  at  Paris  (Appendix  A) . 

Discovery  of  nickel  ores  in  Oregon  (Appendix  M) . 

Discoveries  of  salt  in  New  York  and  Kansas  (Appendix  M)  . 

Distribution  of  foreign  members  of  superior  (International)  jury,  by  countries 

and  by  classes . 

Dividends  declared  by  States,  1884-88  (Appendix  M) . 

Dividends  paid  by  certain  American  mines  in  1888  (Appendix  M) . 

Donations  of  exhibits  made  by  United  States  exhibitors  (Appendix  R) . 

Durand,  J.,  report  by,  on  Riggs  collection  of  armor . . 

Estimated  and  actual  cost  of  building,  operations,  etc.  (Appendix  D) . . 

Expenditures  of  foreign  commissions  (Appendix  H) . 

Exports  of  copper  from  the  United  States  from  1867  (Appendix  M) . 

Exports  of  lead  from  the  United  States  from  1867  (Appendix  M) . 

Exports  of  mineral  oil,  1887-88  (Appendix  M) . 

Exports  of  roofing  slate,  1887  (Appendix  M) . 

Exports  of  silver  to  China,  Japan,  The  Straits,  etc.,  1887-88  (Appendix  M). . 

Fertilizers  (Appendix  M) . 

Production  of  phosphate  rock  in  South  Carolina,  1887-’88,  410;  importations  of  guano, 
1887-’88,  410;  exhibitors  of,  410. 


Page. 

372 


418: 

423 

423 

385 


IX 

409 

390 


384 

447 


179 

405' 

407 


95 

420 

418 

452 

169 

215 

222 

392 

397 

409 
412 
422 

410 


Foreign  commissions,  general  list  of  .......  . .  77 

Foreign  commissions,  expenditures  of  in  Paris  (Appendix  H) .  222 

Foreign  countries  represented,  appropriations,  space  occupied,  etc.  (Appen¬ 
dix  G) .  220 

Franklin,  W.  B.,  commissioner-general: 

Delegates  to  International  Congresses  appointed  by  (Appendix  Q),  451 ;  letter  of  in¬ 
structions  to,  XI;  letter  to  Secretary  of  State,  estimate  of  appropriation,  XIX;  letter 
to  Secretary  of  State,  transmitting  official  report,  XXI;  official  report,  1;  staff  of,  75. 

French  general  commission,  organization  of  (Appendix  C) .  214 

French  laws  and  regulations  governing  the  exposition  (Appendix  B) .  183 

General  contents  of  the  report .  xxi 

Geographic  distribution  of  principal  mineral  products  of  United  States  (Ap¬ 
pendix  M) . 371 

Gold  (Appendix  M) .  38(1 

Value  of  annual  product  from  1870,  380;  exhibitors  of  (with  notes  of  production,  yield, 
and  cost  per  ton),  381. 


460 


INDEX. 


Page. 


Gold  and  silver  (Appendix  M) . . .  416 

Approximate  distribution  of  product  of  1887,  and  value,  416;  value  of  annual  produc¬ 
tion  from  1792  to  1844,  417;  coinage  at  United  States  mints  in  1888,  418. 

Gold  and  silver,  product  of  Mexico  from  1877  to  1888  (Appendix  M) .  422 

Gold,  silver,  and  copper,  coinage  in  Mexico  from  1878  to  1888  (Appendix  M).  428 

Gold,  silver,  lead,  and  copper,  production  of,  west  of  Missouri  River,  1888  (Ap¬ 
pendix  M) .  421 

Production  from  1870 .  422 

Graphite  (Appendix  M) .  406 

Where  found,  406;  annual  production  in  the  United  States,  406;  importation  of  man¬ 
ufactured  material,  406;  exhibitors  of,  406. 

Guano,  importations  of,  into  the  United  States  in  1887  (Appendix  M) _ ....  410 

Gunnell,  W.  C.,  Engineer  United  States  Commission,  official  report .  45 

Gypsum,  lime,  and  mica  (Appendix  M) . . .  410 

Where  gypsum  is  found  in  the  United  States,  410;  production  of  gypsum  in  1887,  410; 
importation  of  gypsum  in  1887,  410;  exhibitors  of  gypsum,  410;  where  lime  is  found, 

411;  production  in  1887,  411;  exhibitors  of,  411;  uses  of  mica  and  where  mined,  401;  pro¬ 
duction  and  importations  in  1887,  411;  exhibitors  of,  411. 

History  of  Labor,  report  by  Wickham  Hoffman .  125 

Hoffman,  Wickham: 

Report  on  history  of  labor,  125;  review  of  the  exhibition  of  social  economy,  101. 

Honorary  Commissioners,  appointed  by  governors  of  States .  79 

Illustrations,  list  of .  v 

Imports  of  copper  into  the  United  States  from  1867  (Appendix  M) .  392 

Imports  of  gypsum  into  the  United  States  in  1887  (Appendix  M) .  410 

Imports  of  lead  into  the  United  States  from  1867  (Appendix  M) .  397 

Imports  of  zinc  and  zinc  oxides  into  the  United  States,  1887  (Appendix  M). . .  399 

Importation  of  manufactured  graphite  (Appendix  M) .  406 

International  Congresses: 

List  of  (Appendix  P),  449;  list  of  American  delegates  to  (Appendix  Q),  451. 

Iron  (Appendix  M) .  378 

Production  and  shipment  of,  and  ore  in  1886, ’87,  ’88, 378;  production  of  pig  iron,  steel 
rails,  nails,  etc,  379;  production  of  pig  iron  by  States,  379;  exhibitors  of,  379. 

Kansas,  discovery  of  salt  in  (Appendix  M) .  407 

Labor  and  Anthropology,  general  regulations  governing  retrospective  exposi¬ 
tion  of  . 159 

Lake  copper,  average  price  per  pound  in  cents  at  New  York  from  1860  (Ap¬ 
pendix  M) .  393 

Lead  (Appendix  M) .  396 


Production  of,  in  United  States  from  1873,  396;  production  of,  and  precious  metals  in 
Leadville,  1888,  396;  production  of,  and  silver  in  Leadville  from  1860,  397;  United  States 
exports  and  imports  of,  from  1867,  397;  average  monthly  prices  of,  in  New  York,  in 
cents  per  pound  from  1870,  398;  exhibitors  of  (with  notes  of  production,  etc.),  398. 

Letters: 

Secretary  Bayard  to  Commissioner-General  Franklin,  of  instructions,  XI;  Secretary 
Blaine,  from,  introduction,  VII;  circular  to  governors  of  States  and  Territories  by  Sec¬ 
retary  of  State,  XVII;  Franklin,  W.  B.,  Commissioner-General  to  Secretary  of  State, 
estimate  of  appropriation,  XIX;  Franklin,  W.  B.,  Commissioner-General,  to  Secretary 
of  State,  transmitting  official  report.  XXI;  transmitting  report  of  W.  P.  Blake  on  min¬ 
eral  resources  of  United  States  to  Commissioner-General  of  (Appendix  M),  366. 


Manganese  (Appendix  M)  . . .  404 

Total  production  of  ore  in  the  United  States  in  1887,  404;  exhibitors  of,  404. 

Market  value  of  certain  American  mines,  1888  (Appendix  M) .  418 

Measures  and  values,  table  of .  44 

Mexico  (Appendix  M) . . .  422 

Product  of  gold  and  silver  from  1877  to  1888,  422;  coinage  of  gold,  silver,  and  copper, 

1873  to  1888,  423;  exhibit  of  coinage  from  establishment  of  mints  in  1534,  423. 

Mineral  products  of  United  States,  annual  value  of  (Appendix  M) .  367 


INDEX.  461 

Page. 


Mineral  resources  of  the  United  States  : 

Report  by  W.  P.  Blake  to  Commissioner-General  (Appendix  M),  363;  with  statistical 
tables,  etc.  (Appendix  M),  363. 

Miscellaneous  minerals  (Appendix  M) .  415 

Exhibitors  of,  415. 

Nevada’s  production  of  silver,  1887  (Appendix  M) .  885 

New  York,  discovery  of  salt  in  (Appendix  M) .  .  407 

Nickel  (Appendix  M) .  405 

Value  of  the  metal  produced  in  the  United  States  in  1887,  401;  discovery  of  ores  in 
Oregon,  404;  exhibitors  of,  404. 

Number  of  wells  completed,  new  production  of  petroleum,  and  average  per 

well  in  1887-88  (Appendix  M) .  409 

Official  Instructions  to  Commissioner-General  by  Secretary  of  State  .  xi 

Operations  on  Comstock  Lode  in  1888  (Appendix  M)  .  385 

Parks,  C.  Wellman,  superintendent  of  liberal  arts,  official  report .  67 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas  (Appendix  M) .  407 


Principal  localities  where  found,  407 ;  production  of  crude  petroleum  in  the  United 
States  from  1859,  408;  pipeline  deliveries  in  1888,  408;  number  of  wells  completed, 
new  production  of  petroleum,  and  average  per  well,  1887  and  1888,  409;  value  of  oil 
produced  since  1860,  409;  exports  of  mineral  oils,  1887-’88,  409;  consumption  of  natural 
gas,  407;  exhibitors  of,  410. 


Phosphate  rock,  production  of,  in  1887-88,  in  South  Carolina  (Appendix  M). .  419 

Pipe-line  deliveries  of  crude  petroleum,  1888  (Appendix  M) .  408 

Precious  stones  and  gems  (Appendix  M) .  412 

Estimated  production,  in  detail,  1883-1887,  including  gold  quartz,  413;  exhibitors  of 
(with  notes),  414. 

Processes  of  production  of  alumina  (Appendix  M) .  406 

Production  of  antimony  in  the  United  States  in  1886-’87-’88  (Appendix  M)  . .  405 

Production  of  building  stone,  marble,  slate,  etc. ,  in  the  United  States  in  1887, 

and  value  (Appendix  M) .  .  411 

Production  of  coal  in  United  States  in  1887  and  1888  (Appendix  M) .  373 

Production  of  copper  in  United  States  from  1882  to  1887,  inclusive  (Appen¬ 
dix  M) .  390 

Production  of  crude  petroleum  in  United  States  from  1859  (Appendix  M)  . . . .  408 

Production  of  gold  in  United  States  from  1870  (Appendix  M) .  380 

Production  of  gold  and  silver,  1887  (Appendix  M) .  416 

Production  of  gold  and  silver  from  1792  to  1844  (Appendix  M).  .  417 

Production  of  gold  and  silver  in  Mexico  from  1877  to  1888  (Appendix  M). . .  .  422 

Production  of  gold,  silver,  lead,  and  copper  west  of  Missouri  River,  1888,  (Ap¬ 
pendix  M) . . 421 

From  1870  .  420 

Production  of  gypsum  in  the  United  States  in  1887  (Appendix  M) .  410 

Production  of  lead  in  the  United  States  from  1873  (Appendix  M) .  396 

Production  of  lead  and  precious  metals  in  Leadville  in  1888  (Appendix  M). . . .  396 

Production  of  lead  and  silver  in  Leadville  from  1860  (Appendix  M) .  397 

Production  of  lime  in  the  United  States  in  1887,  and  value  (Appendix  M). . .  .  411 

Production  of  manganese  ore  in  the  United  States  in  1887  (Appendix  M). . . .  404 

Production  of  mica  in  1887,  and  value  (Appendix  M) .  411 

Production  of  nickel  in  the  United  States  in  1887  (Appendix  M) .  405 

Production  of  phosphate  rock  in  South  Carolina,  1887-’88,  (Appendix  M). . . .  410 

Production  of  pyrites  in  the  United  States,  1882  to  1887,  (Appendix  M) .  405 

Production  of  quicksilver  at  New  Almaden,  Cal.,  from  1850  (Appendix  M).  .  402 

Production  of  quicksilver  in  California  from  1879  (Appendix  M)  .  400 

Production  of  quicksilver  in  the  United  States,  1887-88,  (Appendix M) .  399 

Production  of  roofing  slate,  1884-87,  and  value  (Appendix  M) .  412 

Production  of  salt  in  the  United  States  from  1883  to  1887,  by  localities  (Ap¬ 
pendix  M)  . . . . . .  407 


462 


INDEX. 


Page. 


Production  of  silver  in  the  United  States  from  1870  (Appendix  M) .  384 

Production  of  zinc  (spelter)  in  the  United  States,  1882  to  1887,  inclusive,  by 

States  (Appendix  M) .  399 

Production  (estimated)  of  precious  stones  and  gems,  1883-’87,  including  gold 

quartz  (Appendix  M) .  412 

Production  and  shipment  of  iron,  iron  ore,  and  products  of,  for  1886-’87-’88  (Ap¬ 
pendix  M) .  378 

Principal  localities  in  the  United  States  where  gypsum  is  found  (Appendix  M)  410 

Principal  localities  in  the  United  States  where  lime  is  found  (Appendix  M). .  411 

Principal  localities  in  the  United  States  where  mica  is  found  (Appendix  M). .  411 

Principal  localities  in  the  United  States  where  petroleum  and  natural  gas  are 

found  (Appendix  M) . 407 

Principal  localities  in  the  United  States  where  slate  is  found  (Appendix  M). .  411 

Principal  mineral  products  of  the  United  States,  geographical  distribution  of, 

(Appendix  M) .  371 

Principal  sources  of  graphite  (Appendix  M) . . . . . .  406 

Principal  sources  of  pyrites  in  the  United  States  (Appendix  M) .  405 

Pyrites  (Appendix  M) .  405 

Principal  sources,  405;  production  of,  in  United  States  1882  to  1887,  405;  exhibitors  of, 

406. 

'Quicksilver  (Appendix  M.) .  399 

Production  of,  in  United  States  1887-’88,  399;  production  of,  in  California  from  1879, 

400;  exhibitors  of,  (with  notes  of,  production,  etc.)  400,  404;  production  of ,  at  New  Al- 
maden,Cal.,  from  1850,  402. 

Regulations  governing  retrospective  exposition  of  labor  and  anthropology. .  159 

Regulations  of  the  superior  (international)  jury .  91 

Relative  value  of  gold  and  silver  of  Comstock  Lode  (Appendix  M) .  386 


Reports .  . 

Berger,  Georges,  Commissioner  General  of  Exposition,  on  superior  jury,  85;  Durand, 
J.,  on  Riggs  collection  of  armor,  169;  Franklin,  W.  B.,  Commissioner  General,  1;  Gun¬ 
nell,  W.  C.,  Engineer  United  States  Commission,  45;  Hoffman,  Wickham,  History  of 
Labor,  125;  Hoffman,  Wickham,  on  exhibition  of  social  economy,  101;  Blake,  W.  P., 
on  mineral  resources  of  the  United  States,  363;  Parks,  C.  Wellman,  Superintendent  of 


Liberal  Arts,  67. 

Resolution,  Congress,  joint,  of .  IX 

Restaurants,  concessions  and  regulations  of  (Appendix  F) .  217 

Riggs,  collection  of  armor  by .  169 

•Salt  (Appendix  M) .  407 

Production  of,  in  the  United  States  from  1883  to  1887,  by  localities,  407;  discoveries 
in  New  York  and  Kansas,  407. 

Secretaries  of  superior  jury,  list  of .  84 

Silver  (Appendix  M) .  384 


Value  of  annual  product  from  1870,  384;  amount  in  country,  384;  amount  used  in¬ 
dustrially,  384;  cost  of  production,  384;  operations  on  Comstock  Lode  1888, 385;  Nevada’s 
product  1887,  385;  total  production  from  Comstock  Lode,  386;  relative  value  of  gold 
and  silver  from  Comstock  Lode,  386;  assessments  and  dividends,  387;  exhibitors  of 
(with  notes  of  production,  yield  and  cost  per  ton),  387;  exports  of,  to  Japan,  China,  the 


Straits,  etc.,  1887-’88,  422. 

Social  economy,  review  of  Exhibition . . .  101 

Staff  of  Commissioner  General .  75 

Statistics  of  admission  (Appendix  E) . .  216 

Superior  jury: 

Distribution  of  foreign  members  by  countries  and  by  classes,  95;  list  of,  83;  regula¬ 
tions  of,  91 ;  report  on,  by  Georges  Berger.  Commissioner  General  of  Exposition,  85. 

Synopsis  of  classification  (Appendix  J) . .  . .  . .  258 

Tin  (Appendix  M) .  404 

Where  found  in  United  States,  404;  exhibitions  of  (with  notes),  404. 


INDEX. 


463 


Page. 

Total  amount  dividends  paid  by  certain  American  mines  to  1888  (Appendix  M)  418 

Total  production  of  silver  of  Comstock  Lode  (Appendix  M) .  386 

United  States  exhibitors: 

Alphabetical  catalogue  of  (Appendix  L),  344 ;  classified  catalogue  of  (Appendix  K), 

261;  list  of  awards  to,  and  collaborators  (Appendix  N),  424;  list  of  donations  made  by 
(Appendix  R),452;  of  alumina  (Appendix  M),  406;  of  antimony  (Appendix  M),  405;  of 
coal,  378;  of  copper  (with  notes  of  production,  etc.)  (Appendix  M),  394;  of  fertilizers 
(Appendix  M),  410;  of  gold  (with  notes  of  production,  yield,  and  cost  per  ton)  (Appen¬ 
dix  M),  380;  of  graphite  (Appendix  M),  406;  of  gypsum  (Appendix  M),  410;  of  iron, 
iron  ore,  and  products  of  (Appendix  M),  379;  of  lead  (with  notes  of  production,  etc.) 
(Appendix  M),  398;  of  lime  (Appendix  M),  411;  of  manganese  ore  (Appendix  M),  404; 
of  miscellaneous  minerals  (Appendix  M),  415;  of  mica  (Appendix  M),  411;  of  natural 
gas  (photographs)  (Appendix  M),  410;  of  nickel  (Appendix  M),  405;  of  precious  stones 
and  gems  (Appendix  M),  413;  of  pyrites  (Appendix  M),  406;  of  quicksilver  (with  notes  of 
production,  etc.)  (Appendix  M),  400,  404;  of  silver  (with  notes  of  production,  yield  and 
cost  per  ton)  (Appendix  M),  387;  of  slate  and  granite  (Appendix  M),  412;  of  tin  (with 


notes)  (Appendix  M),  404;  of  zinc  (Appendix  M),  399. 

Uuited  States  jurors,  list  of .  99 

Valentine,  John  J.,  annual  statement  of  production  of  gold,  silver,  lead,  and 
copper  west  of  the  Missouri  River  in  1888,  and  production  and  coinage  of 

Mexico  (Appendix  M) .  421 

Zinc  (Apppendix  M) .  399 

Production  of  spelter  in  United  States  1882  to  1887  inclusive,  by  States,  399;  imports 
of,  and  zinc  oxide  for  1887,  399;  exhibitors  of,  399. 


PARIS  EXPOSITION 


GENERAL  INDEX. 

[The  volume  n  which  the  article  sought  is  to  be  found  is  indicated  by  the  Roman  numeral  following 
the  title.  The  figure  or  figures  given  are  the  pages  of  the  volume  named,  on  reference  to  which  the 
article  may  be  found.] 

A. 

Page. 

Abbe’s,  Prof.,  apochromatic  microscope,  II  . .  227 

Abel  full-fashioned  legger  knitting  machine,  hi .  383 

Abelmoschus  esculentus,  grown  for  fiber,  v .  718 

Aboilard  arc  lamp,  iv  . . .  58 

Abt  system  for  steep-inclined  railway,  ill .  522 

Abutilon  avicennce,  experiments  with  fiber  of ,  v  .  719 

Academy  of  Magyar-Ovar,  v . 154, 199 

Accessories  to  electrical  plants,  iv .  78 

telegraphy,  iv .  116 

telephony,  iv . 126 

Accumulator  system  of  transmitting  electricity,  iv .  70 

Acer  dasycarpum,  sugar  made  from,  v .  691 

rubrum,  sugar  made  from,  v  .  . . . . .  691 

saccharium,  sugar  made  from,  v .  691 

Acipenser  huso,  air  sac  of,  used  for  fining,  v .  399 

Acknowledgements,  v . . . 31,  33, 487, 496 

Acoustic  signals  in  connection  with  electric  light  houses,  in .  881 

Act  of  1862,  establishing  department  of  agriculture,  v .  .  825 

Acuguayaco  (bread  of  heaven),  in  Bolivia,  v .  133 

Ader  long-distance  telephone,  iv .  125 

telephone  receiver,  IV . . . 122 

Administrative  arms  of  service  in  the  French  army,  iv .  285 

Africa,  French  Possessions  in,  agricultural  exhibits  of,  v . . .  99 

African  countries,  agricultural  exhibits  of ,  v . 98, 126 

Agaricus  campestris  ( Edulis ),  cultivation  of,  v .  38 

Agave  americana,  fiber  from,  v .  720 

rigida  (var.  sisalana),  introduced  into  Florida,  v .  720 

Agents,  instructions  to  (Appendix  n),  v .  .  852 

Agricultural  clubs  (cornices),  v  . 145 

colleges,  v .  169 

national  legislation  on,  v .  815 

number  of  teachers  and  students  at,  v .  817 

total  value  of  plant,  v . 816 

465 

H.  Ex.  410 - 30 


466 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Agricultural  Congress,  International,  v . 496,500,505 

credit,  v . 142 

credit,  in  France,  v. . 506 

various  countries,  v. .  508 

resolution  of  International  Congress  on,  v. . .  .  509 

department,  establishment  of ,  v . .  817 

distilling,  v . . .  425, 523 

education  (Appendix  ill),  v .  853 

list  of  exhibits  in,  v .  879 

exhibit  of  the  United  States,  amount  expended  on,  v .  493 

classification  of ,  v . .  492 

Experiment  Stations,  v .  26 

expert  opinion  of,  v . .' .  887 

group,  faulty  classification  of,  v. .  25 

law  in  reference  to,  v . 491,495 

list  of  (Appendix  iv),  v .  853 

plan  of ,  y . 23 

press  reviews  of  (Appendix  iv),  v.  887 

instruction,  in  France,  v .  171 

resolutions  of  International  Congress  on,  v .  518 

laboratories,  v .  145 

machinery,  implements,  V . . .  229 

organizations  in  United  States,  failure  of  national,  v .  26 

products  not  used  as  food,  report  of  Prof.  Spencer  B.  New 

bury,  II .  648 

proportion  exported,  v .  806 

resources  of  the  United  States,  reports  on,  v .  .494. 537 

schools  and  colleges,  list  of,  v . .  842 

science  at  Harvard  and  Yale,  v . .  817 

and  education  in  the  United  States,  report  of  A.  C. 

True,  v . 809 

societies,  v . 142,206 

history  of,  v .  810 

in  Algeria,  v .  88 

statistics,  v .  141 

first  appropriation  for,  v .  814 

list  of  exhibits  in,  v .  878 

of  United  States,  report  of  J.  R.  Dodge,  v .  797 

syndicates,  professional,  v .  142 

work  and  food  industries,  relative  value  of  exhibits,  in. ...  s .  27 

review  of,  C.  B.  Richard, m.  a.,  in .  27 

United  States  exhibitors,  awards  to, 
hi .  27 

Agriculture — 

American,  value  of  products,  v  .  806 

Appropriations  for  Department  of  (1890),  v  . .  842 

Colleges  of ,  v .  206 

Courses  of  instruction  in,  v .  849 

Crisis  in,  v . 499 

Depreciation  of  wages  in,  v . . : .  503 

products  of,  Y .  501 

Duties  of  Secretary  of ,  v .  £28 

History  of  Department* of,  v .  .  822 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


467 


Agriculture — Continued.  Page. 

Instruction  in,  Y . .  .  . . 161, 171, 188 

International  Congress  of,  V . .  499 

Methods  and  appliances  for  instruction  in,  v .  188 

Per  cent  of  population  engaged  in,  v .  798 

Societies  for  promoting,  v .  810 

Statistics  of,  in  United  States,  V .  .  797 

Agronomy  (agricultural  statistics),  report  of  C.  V.  Riley,  v .  141 

exhibit  in,  v . 141 

Agrotis  vulgaris,  cultivated  in  United  States,  v .  737 

Aiken  full-fashioned  footer  (Abel  Machine  Company  exhibitor),  hi .  384 

Aime  Witz,  Dr.,  of  Lille,  test  by,  of  gas  consumption  for  gas  engines,  III. . . .  142 

Alauzet  &  Tiquet,  exhibit  of  printing  presses,  ill .  50 

Aletia  xyleria,  estimate  of  loss  occasioned  by,  v  . .  604 

Alfalfa  (. Medicago  sativa),  grown  in  United  States,  v .  739 

Alfilaria  ( Erodium  cicutarium),  in  California,  v . .  739 

Algeria — 

Agricultural  societies  of,  v . 88 

Exhibits : 

Agriculture,  v . 83,  312 

Drawing  and  modeling,  II. . . . . . .  .  164 

Maps  and  apparatus,  II . . .  .  189 

Plan  of  Constantine;  plan  for  remolding  Algiers;  Sahara. 

Medicine  and  surgery,  II . . . . .  177 

Musical  instruments,  II . 171 

Printing  and  books,  II . . .  ,  .  154 

Schools,  II .  129 

Academy  of  Algiers;  Oran  Professional  Primary  School. 

Scientific  instruments,  II . 182 

Secondary  instruction,  II . 136 

National  School  of  Industry,  Dellys;  Ligue  de  l’Enseignement,  Algiers;  Algiers 
College  and  Lyceum;  Ben-Aknown  Ljceum,  E.  P.  Guerin,  Lestrade. 

Sericiculture,  v . 430 

Stationery,  etc.,  II . .  . . .  158 

Superior  education,  II .  144 

Algiers  school  of  art,  n . 31 

Alimentary  products — 

Cereals  and  farinaceous  products,  IV . 469 


Countries  exhibiting— United  States,  West  Indijs,  Mexico,  Central  America,  South 
America,  Great  Britain,  France,  Sweden  and  Norway,  Netherlands,  Belgium,  Spain, 
Portugal,  Switzerland,  Austria-Hungary,  Roumania,  Servia,  Greece,  Italy,  San  Marino, 
Russia,  Algeria,  Egypt,  Tunis,  Senegal,  Republic  of  South  Africa,  Cape  Verde  Islands, 
Reunion,  Cape  Colony,  Persia,  Japan,  Siam,  British  India,  French  India  and  Cochin 
China,  Australasia,  Tahiti,  New  Caledonia,  Hawaiian  Islands  ;  the  cereals — wheat,  rye, 
barley,  oats,  corn,  buckwheat,  millet  and  sorghum,  rice,  teff,  eleusine,  bamboo,  etc. ; 
farinaceous  products  and  derivatives— semolina,  alimentary  pastes,  starches,  arrow- 
root,  tapioca,  etc.;  dextrine  and  glucose;  flour  milling. 


'Commercial  statistics,  IV .  456 

Dairy  products  :  Oils  and  fats,  iv .  567 


Awards;  milk  and  koumiss,  butter  and  oleomargarine,  cheese,  eggs  of  birds,  reptiles, 
etc.;  animal  and  vegetable  oils  and  fats;  exhibits  by  countries — United  States,  West 
Indies,  Central  America,  South  America,  Austria-Hungary,  Belgium,  Denmark,  France, 
Great  Britain,  Greece,  Italy,  Netherlands,  Sweden,  Norway,  Portugal,  Roumania,  Rus¬ 
sia,  San  Marino,  Spain,  Switzerland,  Africa,  Asia,  Australasia  ;  Report  by  Mr.  James 
■Cheesman. 


468 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Alimentary  products — Continued.  Page. 


Fermented  drinks,  iv . . .  721 

Review  of  exhibits  by  countries;  awards;  wines — Bordeaux,  Burgundy,  champagne, 

Macon  and  Rhone,  German,  Hungarian,  Italian,  Spanish,  Madeira,  American ;  spirits — 
statistics,  process  of  distillation;  beer,  cider. 

Preserved  meats  and  fish,  iv .  .  623 

General  view  ;  statistics,  exhibits  by  countries— United  States,  France  ;  methods  of 
preservation,  artificial  ice. 

Products  of  the  bakery  and  pastry  shop,  iv . . .  541 

Awards,  history  of  baking,  methods  of  the  bakery. 

Report  by  A.  Howard  Clark,  expert  commissioner,  iv .  455 

Sugar,  coffee,  tea,  cocoa,  spices  and  condiments,  liquors,  preserves,  iv . . .  661 


Awards;  exhibits  by  the  United  States,  sugar  industry;  review  by  countries — United 
States,  Cuba,  Martinique  and  Guadeloupe,  Central  America,  Brazil,  Argentine  Repub¬ 
lic,  Peru,  Paraguay,  Ecuador  and  Chile,  Hawaiian  Islands,  France,  Russia,  Denmark, 
Belgium,  Germany,  Egypt,  Madagascar,  Algeria,  Reunion,  Mayotte  and  Comores, 
New  Caledonia.  Japan,  India,  Cochin  China,  Anam-Tonkin,  China,  Java.  Philippine 
Islands;  manufacture  of  beet  sugar,  treatment  of  molasses,  manufacture  of  cane 
sugar,  sugar-refining,  honey;  coffee  industry— production  and  consumption,  history 
and  kinds,  preparation  for  market,  preparation  for  the  table,  chicory;  tea  industry- 
trade  statistics,  kinds  of  tea  and  preparation;  cocoa  industry;  spices  and  condiments; 


liqueurs. 

Alioth  ampere  and  volt  meters,  iv . .  209 

hour  meters,  IV .  223 

arc  lamps,  iv . , .  ...  62 

Alkali  manufacture,  report  of  Prof.  Spencer  B.  Newbury,  ii .  557 


Change  in  ammonia-soda  process;  Le  Blanc  process;  Hargreave’s process;  condensa¬ 
tion  of  hydrochloric  acid;  black-ash  process;  recovery  of  sulphur  from  tank  waste; 
Chance  sulphur  recovery  process;  other  alkali  processes;  chlorine  and  bleaching  pow¬ 
der;  Weldon  process;  Deacon  process;  Weldon-Pechiney  process;  other  methods  of 
producing  chlorine  in  connection  with  ammonia- soda;  Solvay  process. 


Allium  ascalonium,  cultivation  of,  v .  83 

cepa,  cultivation  of ,  v .  ...  82 

varieties  of ,  v .  82 

porrum,  common  about  Paris,  v . .  83 

sativum,  common  in  France,  v .  83 

cultivation  of,  v .  83 

Allorhina  nitida,  kerosine  used  to  destroy,  v .  .  607 

Allotment  of  space  in  machinery  hall,  III . .  15 

Alloys  of  nickel  and  steel,  paper  by  James  Riley,  before  Glasgow  Iron  and 

Steel  Institute,  ii .  455 

patents  for  manufacture  of ,  ii . . .  458 

Almond  in  South  Australia,  v .  110 

the  Tell,  v . .  87 

Aloe,  American,  fiber  from  leaves  utilized,  v  .  720 

Alphabetical  catalogue  of  United  States  exhibitors,  I . . . . .  344 

Alsatian  society’s  large  tools,  in .  325 

Alternating  current  transformers,  IV .  50 

Alumina,  exhibitors  of,  I . 406 

processes  of  production  of ,  I . . . .  406 

Aluminium — 

Analyses  of  commercial  samples,  by  J.  W.  Richards,  ii .  480 

Cowles  Electric  Smelting  and  Aluminium  Company,  statement  of,  II. . . .  484 

Deville-Casteur  process  for  producing,  n . . .  463 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


469 


Aluminium — Continued.  Page. 

Exhibitors  of.  n .  463 

Aluminium  Company  (Limited);  Alliance  Aluminium  Company  (Limited),  England; 
Bernard  Brothers;  Society  Anony me  Llectro-Metallurgique  Frangaise,  France;  Cowles 
Electric  Smelting  and  Aluminium  Company;  Pittsburg  Reduction  Company,  United 
States;  Society  Anonyme  pour  l’lndustrie  de  P Aluminium,  Switzerland. 

Lecture  on,  by  Sir  Henry  Roscoe,  before  Royal  Institution,  London,  u  . .  466 

Properties  and  uses,  ii .  457 

Report  of  W.  H.  Chandler,  ph.  d.  ,  ii . .  480 

Suggestions  regarding  the  casting  of  bronze,  ii .  479 

Amelanchier  oblongifolia,  character  of,  v .  381 

American  architecture,  in . 6 

delegates  to  International  Congresses,  list  of,  i .  451 

dietaries,  v  . . . . . .  808 

American  mines — 

Assessments  levied  in,  I .  420 

Dividends  declared  by  States,  1884-1888,  i  . . .  420 

paid  by,  in  1888,  I .  418 

Market  value  of  the  property,  i  . . . .  418 

Total  amount  of  dividends  paid  to  1888, 1  .  418 

American  nations,  agricultural  exhibits  of,  v .  130 

patents  for  preserving  wood,  ii  .  740 

prize  winners  in  textile  fabrics,  wearing  apparel  and  accessories,  ii  .  335 

Screw  Company’s  exhibit,  ill . .  29 

wood  screw  machines,  ill . .  .  345 

Amherst  Cooperative  Creamery,  v . .  566 

Amiens  School  of  Art,  ii  . . . .  .  .  28 

Ammunition  for  rapid-firing  guns,  IV . . .  326 

Amount  of  quicksilver, produced  in  the  United  States  in  1887-83,  I .  ...  399 

silver  in  the  United  States,  I . . . .  384 

used  industrially  in  the  United  States,  i .  384 

zinc  produced  in  the  United  States,  1882  to  1887,  inclusive,  by 

States,  I  .  399 

Anam-Tonquin  (Cochin-China)  exhibits — 

Agriculture,  v .  102 

Drawing  and  modeling,  I .  164 

Maps  and  apparatus,  i . . . . . .  191 

Exhibit  of  musical  instruments,  I . .  171 

Printing  and  books,  i .  154 

Scientific  instruments,  I . .  182 

Stationery,  etc.,  I .  158 

Angelica,  cultivation  and  use  of,  v .  83 

“Angelus,”  sale  of,  n . 19 

Anglo- Arabs,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v .  474 

Angola,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v . . .  118 

Animal  products,  list  of  exhibits  of,  v .  853 

and  vegetable  oils  and  fats,  iv .  594 

Annual  amount  of  copper  exported  from  the  United  States  from  1867,  i .  392 

imported  into  the  United  States  from  1867,  I .  392 

produced  in  the  United  States  from  1882  to  1887, 

inclusive,  i .  390 

crude  petroleum  produced  in  the  United  States  from  1859,  i  408 

graphite  produced  in  the  United  States,  i .  406 

lead  produced  in  the  United  States  from  1873,  i .  396 

and  silver  produced  in  Leadville  from  1860,  i .  397 


470 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Annual  amount  of  quicksilver  produced  at  New  Almaden,  Cal.,  from  1850,  i.  402 

in  California  from  1879,  I . .  400 

value  of  gold  product  of  the  United  States  from  1870,  i . .  380 

and  silver  product  of  the  United  States  from  1792  to 

1844,  i .  417 

silver,  lead,  and  copper  produced  west  of  the  Missouri 

River  from  1870,  I .  422 

mineral  product  of  the  United  States,  i .  367 

silver  product  of  the  United  States  from  1870,  i .  384 

Annunciators,  alarms,  bells,  clocks,  gas  lighting,  etc. ,  and  miscellaneous  ap¬ 
plications  of  electricity — 

Annunciators,  iv .  132 

Fire,  burglar  alarms,  railroad  signals. 

Bells,  iv .  134 

Domestic  apparatus,  iv .  137 

Electric  clocks  and  time  distribution,  iv  . .  135 

Gas  lighting,  IV . 136' 

Miscellaneous  applications  of  electricity,  iv . .  137 

Gas  engines  with  electrical  ignition,  mine  blasting,  organ,  melograph  and  melotrope, 
automatic  weighing  machine,  loom  arrester,  tricycle,  voting  machine,  lock,  record¬ 
ing  and  indicating  apparatus. 

Anthracanose  of  the  bean,  v . .  796 

raspberry,  V .  791 

Anthracite  coal — 

Composition  of ,  i . 374 

Exhibition  of,  I . 37$ 

Production  of,  in  1887-88,  I  . . . . .  375 

since  1820,  I . 375 

Antimony,  exhibitors  of ,  I . . . .  404 

production  of,  in  United  States,  1886-1888,  I . . .  404 

where  found  in  United  States,  i .  .  404 

Antoinette  bridge,  hi .  782 

Antwerp  (Belgium)  city  hospital,  II . .  771 

Aphis  gossypii,  attacking  cotton,  v . 708 

Apicultural  societies,  Swiss,  v . 216 

Apiculture — 

Foreign  exhibits,  v  .  . .  . . . . .  436 

French  exhibits,  v .  434 

Improvements  in,  v .  616 

In  United  States,  v. . 616 

Nomadic  instruction  in,  v . 216 

Statistics  on,  v . 616 

Apium  graveolens,  exhibits  of ,  v .  82 

Apoeynum  Cannabinum,  fiber  used  by  Indians,  v . . . . .  722 

Apparatus — 

For  cheese  making,  v  . . .  254 

cooling  milk,  v . . .  248 

studying  motion  of  a  projectile  in  the  gun,  iv .  282 

turning  eggs,  V .  258 

Fungicide,  v . 355 

Gretillat,  v .  367 

Heating,  v  . . . . .  248 

Insecticide,  v  . . . . . 29, 267, 274 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


471 


Apparatus— Continued.  Pa£e- 

Miscellaneous,  v . 255 

Pinsard,  v . 358 

Spraying,  v .  311 

Verm  orel,  v .  366 

Apparatus  and  method  of  mining  and  metallurgy,  report  of  Henry  M.  Howe,  in  249 
processes  for  heating  ;  apparatus  and  processes  for  lighting 
otherwise  than  by  electricity,  report  of  David  Urquhart, 

jr.,  II .  323 

Appendices  to  Volume  I — 

A.  Decree  of  the  President  of  the  French  Republic  opening  the  Univer¬ 
sal  Exposition  of  1889  at  Paris .  179 

B.  French  laws  and  regulations  governing  the  Exposition .  183 

C.  The  French  general  commission .  214 

D.  Estimated  and  actual  cost  of  buildings,  operations,  etc .  215 

E.  Statistics  of  admission .  216 

F.  Restaurants,  concessions,  and  regulations .  217 

G.  Foreign  countries  represented,  appropriations,  space  occupied,  etc. .  .  220 

H.  Expenditures  in  Paris  of  foreign  commissions .  222 

I.  Circulars,  forms,  and  regulations :  (a)  anterior  to  exposition  ;  (b)  dur¬ 
ing  the  exposition  ;  (c)  incident  to  the  close. . .  223 


J.  Synopsis  of  classification:  Group  1,  works  of  art;  group  2,  education 
and  instruction  ;  group  3,  furniture  and  accessories ;  group  4,  textile 
fabrics ;  group  5,  extractive  arts ;  group  6,  apparatus  and  processes  of 
mechanical  industries ;  group  7,  food  products  ;  group  8,  agriculture, 
cultivation  of  the  vine,  and  fish  culture ;  group  9,  horticulture,  social 


economy .  .  258 

K.  Classified  catalogue  of  United  States  exhibitors  ;  number  of  exhibit¬ 
ors  by  classes  and  groups .  261 

L.  Alphabetical  catalogue  of  exhibitors .  .  344 

M.  Mineral  resources  of  the  United  States ;  letters  transmitting  report  of 

William  P.  Blake,  special  agent ;  annual  value  of  production ;  geo¬ 
graphic  distribution  of  principal  mineral  products  ;  statistical  table,  etc .  363 

N.  Awards  to  United  States  exhibitors  and  collaborators  ;  grand  prizes, 

special  prizes  for  field  trials,  for  reproductive  animals,  for  permanent 
collection,  gold  medals,  silver  medals,  bronze  medals,  honorable  men¬ 
tion,  recapitulation .  424 

O.  Decorations  bestowed  on  account  of  the  United  States  at  the  Paris 

Exposition,  1889 ;  Legion  of  Honor,  officers  of  public  instruction,  offi¬ 
cers  of  the  academy,  agricultural  merit . .  447 

P.  List  of  International  Congresses .  449 

Q.  American  delegates  to  the  International  Congresses  appointed  by  the 

Commissioner-General . 451 

R.  Donations  of  exhibits  by  United  States  exhibitors .  452 

S.  Expenditures  of  the  U.  S.  Commission .  455 

Appendices  to  Volume  V — 

I.  Circular  showing  scope  of  work  in  preparing  agricultural  exhibit. . .  851 

II.  Instructions  to  agents . 852 

III.  Circulars  in  reference  to  agricultural  education .  853 

IV.  Detailed  list  of  the  agricultural  exhibit  from  the  United  States .  853 

V.  List  of  awards  made  in  the  United  States  agricultural  exhibit .  883 

VI.  Reviews  of  the  exhibit  from  leading  French  and  English  sources.  . .  887 

Appert,  M. ,  originator  of  canning  foods,  v .  668 

Apple  scab  (fusicladium  dendriticum),  v .  789 


472 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Apples —  Page. 

Canning  of,  v . 671 

Regions  suited  to,  v . 676 

Roestelia,  v  . . .  790 

Varieties  most  grown,  v .  677 


Appliances  and  products  of  methods  employed  for  the  preservation  of  woods,  II .  715 

Experiments  in  “  Burnettizing,”  copper  preservatives,  creosoting,  “  kyanizing,” 
and  miscellaneous  processes  for  preservation  of  wood;  historical  sketch  by  M.  D. 

Sihon,  a.  c. ;  history  of  the  preservation  of  wood;  American  patents  for  preserving 
wood;  Lehigh  Valley  creosoting  works;  wood  treatment  tests  (Engineering  News); 


references. 

Applications  of  electric  power,  iv . .  .  98 

electricity  in  medicine  and  surgery,  iv  . . . . . .  243 

Apricots,  canning  and  sun-drying,  v .  679 

cultivation  limited,  v .  679 

Araclies  hypogoea ,  culture  in  Senegal,  v . .  9f 

Arc  lamps,  iv . 52 

Architectural  drawings,  exhibit  of,  n . .  97 

Arcy-en-Brie,  M.  Joulie’s  explanation  of  system  of,  v .  530 

visit  to  the  farm  of ,  v .  529 

Argentine  Republic — 

Exhibits : 

Agriculture,  v . .  130 

Drawing  and  modeling,  II .  .  162 

Insects,  v .  441 

Schools,  ii . 127 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n .  189 

Entre  Rios,  plan  of  the  province  of  Cordoba. 

Printing  and  books,  II .  .  153 

Scientific  instruments,  n .  182 

Stationery,  etc.,  n . 157 

Superior  education,  n . 143 

Probable  increase  in  wheat  produced,  v . • .  627 

Arid  region,  so  called,  v . . .  798 

Armington  &  Sons’  engines,  hi . .  124 

Armor,  the  Riggs  collection  of,  i .  169 

Arnould  arc  lamp,  iv .  .  62 

Aron  Watt-hour  meter,  iv .  220 

Arrault’s  couplings  for  rods,  in .  254 

light  sinking  outfit,  III  .  253 

solid  trepans,  hi . 254 

Art,  French,  n .  10 

restrospective  exhibit  of,  n . 97 

in  the  United  States,  n .  4 

Art  bronzes  and  castings,  artistic  iron  work,  and  repousse  metal  work, 

Japanese  method  of,  ii .  317 

Art  bronzes  and  castings,  artistic  ironwork  and  repousse  metal  work,  report 

of  David  Urquhart,  jr.,  n .  315 

Art  dealers,  influence  of,  n .  .  17 

Art  department — 

Awards  given  in,  alphabetically  arrangel  by  countries,  n .  108 

Classified  table  of  exhibits  and  awards,  n . .  105 

Juries  in  classes  1  and  2,  paintings  and  drawings,  ii .  . .  106 

class  3,  sculpture  and  engraving  on  medals,  n .  .  107 


J  ' 

GENERAL  INDEX.  473 

Art  department — Continued.  Page. 

Juries  in  class  4,  Drawings  and  models  in  architecture,  II .  107 

class  5,  Engravings  and  lithography,  n .  .  107 

Proust  M.  Antonin,  head  of,  II . .  104 

Art  of  enameling,  revival  of,  II.  . . . .  384 

knitting  by  machinery,  ill . . .  369 

lens-making,  II .  213 

Artemisia  dracunculus,  use  and  propagation  of ,  v .  83 

Artichokes — 

Confusion  of  name,  v . . .  77 

For  stock  and  table  use,  v .  649 

French  exhibit  of ,  v .  68 

Jerusalem,  v .  75 

Artificial  ice,  systems  of  manufacturing,  iv  .  651 

silk,  process  of  Count  de  Chardounet  in  the  manufacture  of,  report 

on  the  manufacture  of,  by  Charles  Richards  Dodge,  n .  526 

report  of  Prof.  Spencer  B.  Newbury,  n .  607 

Artistic  instinct  of  the  Latin  races,  n .  .  21 

Arum  esculentum,  cultivation  in  Oceanica,  v .  129 

Asclepias,  fiber  from,  v .  722 

Asiatic  countries,  agricultural  exhibits  of,  v .  126 

Asparagus,  cultivation  of,  v .  651 

French  exhibit  of.  v .  67 

largely  grown  in  United  States  near  the  seashore,  v .  651 

Assessments  and  dividends  on  Comstock  Lode,  I . , . .  387 

levied  by  mining  companies  in  1888,  I .  420 

Associated  dairying  in  New  England,  report  of  Hubert  Myrick,  v .  565 

Associations,  agricultural,  v . 145 

Atwater,  W.  O.,  tabid  of  nutritive  equivalents,  v .  808 

Aubert  time  meter,  iv .  224 

Austin,  Amory,  articles  by,  v  . 35,  229 

report  on  visit  to  farm  at  Arcy-en-Brie,  v .  529 

and  C.  V.  Riley,  report  on  live-stock  exhibit,  v .  461 

Australia — 

Agricultural  colleges  of,  v . . 216 

Agriculture  in,  v .  HO 

Agronomy  of,  v .  157 

Probable  increase  in  wheat  produced,  v . 627 

Austria — 

Agricultural  instruction  in,  v . 197 

Agronomy  and  statistics  of ,  v .  153 

Exhibits : 

Apiculture,  v .  430 

Cereal  and  vegetable,  v . 105 

Austria-Hungary,  exhibits — 

Art  department,  II . 52 

Pa;nters— Vacslav  Brozik,  Blaise  Bukovac,  Edouard  Charlemont.  Adolphe  Herschel, 

Albert  Hynais,  Jan  Matejko,  Michael  de  Munkacsy,  Jules  de  Proyer,  Rudolphe  Ribarz, 

Vacslav  Sochar,  Othon  de  Thoren. 

Ceramics,  n .  301 

Fischer,  Stellmacher. 

Furniture  and  accessories,  n .  094 

Medicine  and  surgery,  11 .  170 

Microscopes,  II .  227 

Reichart,  of  Vienna. 


474 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Austria-Hungary,  exhibits — Continued.  *  Page. 

Musical  instruments,  II .  . . .  170 

Printing  and  books,  II .  153 

Schools,  II . . .  127 

Scientific  instruments,  II .  182 

Gorlacht  Schenck,  Fric  of  Prague. 

Stationery,  etc. ,  n .  157 

Superior  education,  ii .  143 

Tapestry  and  carpets,  n .  308 

Guiskey. 

Viticulture,  v .  313 

Autographic  telegraph  system,  iv . 105 

Automatic  electric  regulators,  iv .  78 

weighing  machines,  iv . . 145 

safety  cut-offs  and  fuses  for  electric  lines,  iv .  82 

Avacado  pear,  testing  of,  v . 684 

Average  monthly  prices  of  lead  at  New  York,  from  1870,  i .  398 

price  of  lake  copper  at  New  York,  from  1870,  1 .  393 

Aviculture,  appliances  for,  v . .  257 

Awards — 

Agricultural,  v . 274,  282, 296,  297, 299,  302 

Given  in  art  department,  by  countries,  n  .........  . . .  108 

To  United  States  exhibitors  and  collaborators,  alphabetically  arranged,  i.  424 

of  agricultural  products  (Appendix  v),  v. . . .  883 

work  and  food  products,  hi  . .  27 

chemical  manufactures,  ill .  27 

machine  tools,  hi .  28 

mining  and  metallurgy,  in .  24 

sewing  and  clothing  machines,  in .  34 

spinning  and  weaving  machines,  hi .  32 

typewriters,  hi . 58 

Ayrton  volt  meters,  iv .  208 

Azouki,  used  in  Japan,  v .  127 

B. 

Babcock  &  Wilcox  boilers,  in . . .  80 

Bailey,  Isaac  A.,  report  on  leather  production  of  America,  v .  595 

Balanced  gates  on  the  Rhone  and  Cette  Canal,  France,  ill .  638 

Baldwin  gas  engine  (Otis  Bros.,  exhibitors),  in .  152 

locomotive,  hi .  485 

Baltimore,  center  of  canning  industry,  v .  .  669 

Banana  tried  in  Florida,  v . . . .  683 

Bank  notes,  coins,  and  stamps,  II. . . . .  .  5 

Barbs,  exhibit  of,  v . 474 

Bardon  arc  lamp,  iv .  56 

Bariquand’s  miscellaneous  tools,  hi .  318 

Barley,  exhibits  and  cultivation  of,  V . . 49, 85,  86, 105, 114, 120, 124 

in  France,  statistics  of ,  v .  50 

yield  and  value  of,  in  the  United  States,  v .  630 

Barr,  Prof.  John  H.,  report  on  machine  tools,  hi .  317 

Basic-Bessemer  process  for  producing  iron,  history  of  and  patentees,  n .  409 

M.  Grunner,  G.  J.  Snelus,  S.  G.  Thomas,  Edward  Riley,  Jacob  Reese. 

production  of,  II .  412 

Exhibitors  of :  Percy  C.  Gilchrist,  Schneider  &  Co. 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


475 


Page, 

Basic  open-hearth  steel  process,  description  of,  II . . .  415 

Basseguese  or  wedging  drill,  hi .  .  263 

Baume  must  scale,  v .  372 

Bayard,  T.  F.,  Secretary  of  State,  circular  reply  to  governors  of  States  and 

Territories,  i .  xvn 

letter  of  instruction  to  Commissioner-Gen¬ 
eral  Franklin ,  I .  XI 

Beans — 

Anthracnose  of ,  v .  790 

As  a  field  crop,  v  . .  640 

Canning  of,  V .  670 

Crop  by  States,  v .  . . .  641 

Cultivation  in  Algeria,  v .  84 

Mode  of  cultivation  of ,  v  .  65 

New  Caledonia,  exhibit  of,  v .  103 

Principal  varieties,  v .  65 

Varieties  grown  as  garden  crop,  v .  654 

Yield  large  supply  of  solid  food,  v .  653 

Bear  grass,  fiber  from,  exhibited,  v . . .  721 

Becot’s  bell  and  cone  joints,  ill .  255 

Beef — 

American  and  European  compared,  v .  593 

Composition  of ,  v .  593 

Exports  of  fresh,  v .  804 

Products,  value  of ,  v .  804 

Beekeepers,  Northwestern  Society  of,  report  of,  v . . .  616 

Beer,  iv . 787 

Bees,  importation  of,  v .  617 

Beets — 

Climate  and  soil  most  favorable  for,  v .  .  72 

Cultivation  in  France,  v .  69 

For  forage,  yield  in  France,  v . . .  60 

sugar,  V . 649 

Some  principal  varieties  of ,  v .  73 

Statistics  of,  v . 60 

Stock  and  for  table,  v .  649 

Varieties  grown  in  garden,  v . 654 

raised  in  France,  v .  70 

Beet  sugar  ( Beta  vulgaris ) — 

Acreage  and  amount  of  product  in  1887,  v . . .  71 

Annual  product  of  the  United  States,  v . .  692 

Factory  at  Watsonville,  Cal.,  v . 692 

Great  importance  in  France,  v .  71 

Industry,  V.  . . . . 71,419 

Varieties  of,  v . 73 

Belfort  dynamos,  iv .  37 

Belgian  army  exhibit,  iv . 297 

railway  iron  tie,  in . , . . .  509 

plant,  hi .  467 

state  railway,  hi .  470 

Belgium — 

Agronomic  instruction  in,  v  .  203 

Agronomy  of,  v .  155 


476 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Belgium — Continued.  Page. 

Exhibits  : 

Agriculture,  v . 106 

Apiculture,  v . .  436 

Army,  iv .  297 

Art  department,  II .  54 


Painters:  Emile  Claus,  Franz  Courtens,  Rmile  Delperee,  Jean  Pierre  Lamo- 
riniere,  Robert  Mols,  Alfred  Stevens,  Alexandre  Struys,  Jan  van  Beers,  Jan 
Verhas,  Theodore  Varstraete,  Alfred  Verwee,  Emile  Wauters,  Artan,  Asselbe- 
rghs,  Mile.  Beernaert,  Bouvir,  Broerman,  Mme.  Collart,  D’Anethan,  Dedans,  De 
la  Hoese,  Den  Duyts,  De  Smeth,  Mile.  De  Vign,  Dierick,  Ronner  (Alice),  Simons, 
Smits,  Stallaert,  Stobbaerts,  Zytgadt,  Van  Biesbroeck,  Yanderecht,  Van  Have- 
rmaet,  Van  Hove,  Yerhaert,  and  Vanhayden. 

Sculptors:  Guillaume  Charlier,  Paul  de  Vigne,  Constantin  Meunier,  Pierre 
Charles  Vanderstoppen,  Braecke,  Mignon,  and  Namur. 


Ceramics,  ii .  301 

Boch  Freres,of  Louviere,  Escoyez,  “la Societe  Anonyme,etc.,  de  Seilles-lez- 
Andenne.” 

Cereals,  fruits,  and  vegetables,  v .  106 

Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products,  n .  543 

David  &  De  Bouch;  Werotte,  Solvay  &  Co.;  Alfred  Lambotte;  Usines  des 
Moullins,  Compagnie  Generale  des  Explosives  Faver;  Fortis  Explosive  Associa¬ 
tion. 

Drawing  and  modeling,  ii .  161 

Society  of  Graphic  Art,  Goffart,  Falk,  Bass,  Bandewyns,  Bock  Brothers,  De 
Munter,  Heins,  Jaulet,  Meunier,  Launeau,  Fine  Arts  Institute,  Guelton,  Logelain, 

De  la  Montagne,  Van  Cauwelaeit,  Desaucourt. 

Furniture  and  accessories,  n .  293 

Manteau,  Briot,  Neuville,  Toulet,  Denis,  Errard,  Devilliers,  De  Waele  of  Mo- 
lenbeck,  Dammam  &  Washer,  of  Brussels. 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n .  188 

Van  Scherpenzeel-Thim,  Malherbe  Dewalque,  Brussels  Cercle  de  la  Librairie, 

Vander  Wee,  Falk,  Capt.Henry,  Lebegue,  Zboinski,  Adrien. 

Medicine  and  surgery,  ii .  ...  174 


Van  Ermengen,  Henrijean,  Firket,  Francotto,  Plettnick-Bauchau,  Felix  Sou- 
part,  Vanden  Corput,  Threiar,  Spehl,  Kuborn,  Dumoulin,  Delaunois,  De  Keer- 
smacker,  Debaisieux,  Crocq,  Medico-Surgical  Society  of  Liege,  Hovent,  Was- 


seige,  Davies-Gilbert,  Delottre. 

Musical  instruments,  II .  169 

Camps  &  Co.,  Hainant  &  Son,  Heinemann,  Renson  &  Son,  Van  Aerschodt, 
Mangenot,  Pierrard  Mahillon,  Van  Cauwelaert,  the  Alberts,  Dietz. 

Printing  and  books,  ii .  151 

Circle  of  books  and  printing  and  of  the  kindred  professions,  Bourlard,  Bou- 
wens,  Claessen,  Decq,  De  Seyn-Verhougstraete,  Hovremans,  Hoste,  Larcier, 


Lebegue  &  Co.,  Mertens,  Ramlot,  Van  Campenhouts,  Vander  Anvers,  Vander- 


poorten  Weissenbruch,  Zech  &  Son,  Universal  Review  of  Mines  and  Metallurgy, 
Vaillant-Carmanne,  Vanderghinste  &  Co.,  Bertrand,  Bergerhoff  Van  Sassem. 

Scientific  instruments,  ii . 180 

Gerard  &  Co.,  Cal  Hannot,  Wery,  Rosso,  Jasper  Beaupied. 

Schools,  ii .  120 

National  school  museum  exhibits. 

Secondary  instruction,  ii . 131 

Morlanwez  Industrial  School,  Louvain  Normal  School,  Miss  Marie  de  Pierpont. 

Sericiculture,  v  .  431 

Stationery,  etc.,  II .  157 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


477 


Belgium — Continued . 

Exhibits — Continued.  Page. 

Superior  education,  II . . .  IBB 


Universities  of  Louvain  and  Brussels,  Brussels  Polytechnic  School,  Ghent 
School  of  Civil  Engineering  and  School  of  Arts  and  Manufactures,  Liege  School 
of  Mines,  School  of  Arts  and  Manufactures  and  Institute  of  Electricity,  Lou¬ 
vain  School  of  Arts  and  Manufactures,  School  of  Civil  Engineers  and  Mines, 
State  Veterinary  School  at  Cureghemlez-Bruxelles,  State  Institution  of  Agricul¬ 


ture  at  Gembloux,  higher  commercial  school  at  Antwerp. 

Technical  instruction,  II . 198 

Vine  culture  in,  v . 313 

Belleville  boiler,  in . 87 

Bellows — 

Albrand,  v  . . . . 357 

Granal  Malbec,  v . 355 

Lagleyse,  v . 357 

Malbec,  v . 356 

Malbec-Gilloux,  v .  . 35C 

Pinsard,  v . 358 

Berger,  Georges,  Commissioner-General  of  Exposition,  report  on  superior 

jury,  i . 85 

Berger,  M.  Aristides,  installation  of  water  wheels  under  great  heads,  in.  ... .  170 

Berlin,  general  city  hospital  of,  report  of  W.  H.  Chandler,  ph.d.,  ii. .  779 

Bermuda  grass  ( Cynodon  dactylori),  v . .  . . . .  739 

islands,  vegetable  products  of,  v . . . . .  658 

Berries,  canning  of,  V. . . . . .  670 

Best  way  of  spending  the  Treasury  surplus,  ii.  . .  . .  15 

Beta  vulgaris,  v . 69 

Bibby  &  Boron,  exhibit  of  paper  bag  machine,  ill. . . .  60 

Bichromate  of  potash  cells  (for  electricity),  iv . . . . .  157 

Binders — 

Continental  light  steel,  v  . . . . . 288,  294 

Hornsby,  V .  287 

Howard,  v . 287 

McCormick,  v . . . 283, 285, 292 

Osborne,  v  . .  . . .' .  295 

Plano  twine,  v. . . . . .  .  295 

Toronto,  v . 293 

Wood,  v  . 284,286,287 

Binding  posts  for  electric  wires,  iv . . . .  87 

reapers,  competition  in,  v . .  .  282 

Binford,  James  R.,  report  on  cotton  industry,  v .  706 

Bisulphide  of  carbon  used  against  phylloxera,  v .  448 

Blackberry,  native  to  North  America,  .  680 

Black  rot  of  grape  (Lcestadia  bidwellii),  distribution  of ,  v .  793 

spot  of  the  peach  ( Cladosporium  carpophilum),  v .  791 

rose  ( Actinonema  rosce ),  v .  791 

Blaine,  James  G.,  Secretary  of  State,  introductory  letter  from,  i .  ...  vn 

Blake  multiple  jaw  crusher,  in .  301 

Blake,  W.  P.,  letter  to  Commissioner-General  Franklin  transmitting  report,  i.  366 

report  on  mineral  resources  of  United  States,  i .  363 

Blight  on  pear,  v . . .  .......  678 

Blissus  leucopterus ,  estimated  loss  from,  v .  604 

Blondlot  watt-hour  meter,  iv .  219 


478 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page 

Blondlot  &  Curie’s  electro  meters,  iv . . . .  . . .  203 

Blower,  Japy  fan,  y . .  360 

Bc?hmeria  nivea ,  long  under  cultivation  in  the  Orient,  v  . . . .  715 

Boiron  &  Cozette  watt-hour  meter,  iv . .  221 

Boletus,  edible  species  of,  v . .  . .  40 

Bolivia  exhibits — 

Alimentary,  v . 132 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n . . .  . . .  162 

Insects,  V  . . .  , . . . . .  441 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n . .  ........  ....  189 

Plan  of  Lake  Titicaca. 

Medicine  and  surgery.  II . .  176 

Musical  instruments,  n . 171 

Printing  and  books,  II . . .  153 

Superior  education,  n . 143 

Boll  worm,  attacking  cotton,  v . .  708 

Bolide,  M.  Ernest,  exhibit  of  giant  hydraulic  ram,  in . .  192 

ram  pump,  in . 198 

Boney  &  Sons,  heavy  tools,  in .  .  319 

Bon  jour’s  engines,  III .  . . . .  110 

Bordeaux  school  of  art,  II.  . . . .  29 

Borecole,  cultivation  of ,  v . .  . . . . .  656 

Borel  ampere-hour  meter,  iv . .  .  . . .  224 

Borner  &  Co.’s  brick  machine,  ill . . . .  ....  428 

cutting  table  for  brick  machine.  III .  428 

Boulet  &  Co.’s  automatic  brick  press,  hi .  423 

tile  press,  in .  ...  421 

clay  mixing  mill,  III . . 415 

hand-screw  press  for  tiles,  in . .  416 

“revolver”  forcing  machine  for  chimney  flues,  hi  . . .  429 

two  forcing-screw  brick  machine,  III . .  426 

vertical  flue-tile  machine,  in . 430 

Boulogne  outer  harbor  works,  III . .  687 

Bourdon,  M.  Eugene,  exhibit  of  pressure  gauges,  in . .  224 

Bourges  school  of  art,  ii . . .  29 

Brake  attachment  for  hoisting  engines,  ill .  277 

Brandids  made  from  marc,  v . .  423 

Brasseur’s  compound  engines,  in . . . . . . .  107 

Brault,  Tisset  &  Gillet,  exhibit  of  turbines,  in . . .  ...  169 

Braye-en-Laonnois  tunnel,  in . 642 

Brazil — 

Agricultural  institutions  of,  v . 158 

instruction  in,  v .  217 

Exhibits : 

Agriculture,  v .  134 

Drawing  and  modeling,  ii . 162 

M’me  de  Freitas,  viscountess  of  Cavalcanti,  Texeira. 

Insects,  v .  441 

Maps  and  apparatus,  ii . . . .  189 

Series  showing  the  development  of  Brazil,  Levasseur. 

Medicine  and  surgery,  ii. . . . 176 

Musical  instruments,  n .  171 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


479 


Brazil — Continued , 

Exhibits — Continued.  Page. 

Printing  and  books,  II. .  . .  150 

Alves  &  Co.,  Louzinger  &  Son,  Lambaerto  &  Co.,  “  Galeria  Ilustrada,”  Im¬ 
perial  Observatory  bulletins. 

Schools,  II .  127 

Collegia  bilio,  Ferreira,  Rio  Janeiro,  Commission  of  Rio  Janeiro,  Commission 
of  Pernambuco,  M’me  Aube,  Nex  de  Castro 

Scientific  instruments,  n . 182 

Secondary  instruction,  n .  134 

Rio  Janeiro  Lyceum  of  Arts  and  Trades,  Baron  de  Macahubas,  A.  M.  Pinto, 

H.  Ribeiro,  Viera. 

Stationery,  etc.,  n .  157 

Superior  education,  II .  143 

School  of  mines,  Geographical  Society,  National  Museum. 

Technical  instruction,  II . 189 

Rio  Janeiro  Institution  of  Arts  and  Trades,  Orphanages  of  Santa  Isabel  at  Per¬ 
nambuco  and  Notre  Senora  de  Esperanga  at  Bahia. 

Bread  of  Heaven  (. Acuguayaco )  in  Bolivia,  v .  .  133 

Brequet  arc  lamp,  iv  . 58 

dynamo,  iv .  ....  41 

Brewing  schools  in  Austria,  v .  198 

Brick  and  tiles,  pottery  and  porcelain — 

Chimney  “  wagons  ”  or  flues,  hi . . .  413 

Duprat’s  interlocking  flues. 

Machinery,  exhibit  of  (Richard’s  review),  hi .  46 

Machines  exhibited .  414 

Pinette’s,  Boulet  &  Co.’s,  Joly  &  Foucat’s,  Ollagnier’s,  Schmerber  Brothers’,  J. 

Chambrette-Bellon’s,  Borner  &  Co.’s. 

Processes  of  and  progress  in  manufacture,  in .  411 

Report  of  H.  D.  Woods,  c.  e.,  hi . .  .  411 

Brill  watt-hour  meter,  iv .  219 

British  Colonies,  exhibits  of  maps  and  apparatus,  n .  188 

India,  probable  increased  production  of  wheat,  v .  627 

Broom  rape  as  a  parasite  of  forage  plants,  v .  56 

Brown  arc  lamp,  iv . 58 

Brown,  C.  H.  &  Co.’s  steam  engine,  hi .  123 

Brown  &  Sharpe’s  tool  exhibit,  in .  345 

Brussels  sprouts,  little  grown,  v .  656 

Buckwheat,  acreage  and  value  of  crop,  v .  630 

cultivation  in  France,  v .  54 

new  Japanese,  recommended  by  bee-keepers,  v .  630 

Building  stone,  marble,  slate,  etc.,  chief  localities  and  production  of  slate,  i. . .  412 

exhibitors  of  slate  and  granite,  1 .  412 

produced  in  United  States  in  1887,  and 

value,  I .  411 

Building  and  constructive  ceramics,  n .  395 

Bur  clover  ( Medicago  denticulata),  v .  739 

Burden,  Kinsey,  sr.,  improvement  of  Sea  Island  cotton,  v  . . . . . .  703 

Burglaralarms.lv .  133 

Burgundy,  hop-raising  encouraged  in,  v  .  237 

Burnettizing  wood.  American  experiments  in,  II .  750 

Buss’s  speed  indicators  and  recorders,  hi  .  .  230 


480 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Bussey  Institution,  foundation  of,  v .  817 

Buteo  borealis,  Y  . .  . .  781 

Butter,  adulterations  of ,  v .  788 

and  oleomargarine,  iv .  571 

Butter-making,  v . 586 

Butterine,  manufacture  of ,  v . . .  549 

Buttermilk  appliances,  v .  254 


C. 

Cabbages — 

Cultivation  of  as  garden  crop,  v .  655 

Extensively  raised  near  Chicago,  v .  655 

French  exhibit  of ,  v . .  68 

Prices  during  season,  v . .  659 

Varieties  grown  in  garden,  v .  655 

Cable  towage  for  boats  on  canals  and  rivers,  hi  .  625 

Cacao,  exhibits  and  cultivation  of,  v .  183 

Cadegal  fan  brake  and  gravity  road  at  the  Bilboa  iron  mines,  hi .  292 

Cail  (the)  works,  exhibit  of  guns,  iv .  395 

Calais  harbor  works,  ill .  670 

school  of  art,  II .  .  . . .  29 

California,  great  grape  region,  v .  679 

peanut  raising  discontinued  in,  v .  674 

Caloptenus  spretus,  estimated  loss  by,  v .  604 

Cambodia  exhibits — 

Drawing  and  modeling,  ii .  164 

Musical  instruments,  n .  171 

Stationery,  etc.,  n .  158 

Vegetables,  v .  102 

Campani’s  methods  in  making  telescopes,  n .  217 

Canada,  probable  increase  in  wheat  produced,  v .  627 

yield  of  wheat  per  acre,  v . . .  627 

Canagua,  v .  133 

Canary  seed,  cultivation  in  France,  v .  55 

in  Argentine,  v .  131 

Cance  arc  lamp,  iv .  55 

Cane  fields,  replanting  of,  v .  693 

Cane  sugar — 

Annual  production  of ,  v . . .  693 

Diffusion  applied  to  production  of,  v .  693 

Production  confined  to  South,  v .  692 

Vacuum  boiling  employed  in  production  of,  v .  693 

Canned  fruits,  centers  of  industry  in,  v .  676 

goods,  average  price  of,  v .  671 

Canneries,  number  given  by  States,  v . . .  670 

Canning  industry  causes  increase  in  prices  of  fruits  and  vegetables,  v .  668 

history  of,  v .  668 

its  development,  v .  669 

Cantaloupes,  cultivated  in  France,  v .  ....  79 

largely  grown  in  Middle  States,  v .  .  653 

Cantharides,  exhibits  of,  V .  438 

Caoutchouc,  principal  export  of  Angola, Y .  118 

production  of ,  V . 99, 118, 136 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


481 


Page. 

Cape  Antifer  light-house  apparatus,  hi . . .  870 

Cod,  a  cranberry  plantation,  v . .  681 

of  Good  Hope,  agricultural  exhibit  of ,  v . . .  112 

Yrerde,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v .  117 

Caper,  grown  in  southern  France,  v . . .  83 

Cardew  volt  meter,  iv .  .  208 

Carels  Bros.’  compound  engine,  in .  122 

Carob,  uses  of.  v .  116 

Carpentier’s  electrometer,  IV .  202 

modification  of  Thompson's  galvanometer,  iv .  191 

Carriages,  wagons,  harness  work,  and  saddlery — 

Exhibit  of  cycles  and  awards  for,  ill . .  62 

Humber  &  Co.,  Rudge  Cycle  Co.,  gold  medal;  Serpolet  Bros. 

Healy  &  Co.’s  exhibit,  in .  61 

Carrots,  cultivation  and  use  in  France,  v .  74,  79 

varieties  grown  in  garden,  v .  . .  654 

most  grown  for  table,  v . .  649 

Carthage,  exhibit  in  superior  education,  ii . .  145 

Cassava,  grown  in  New  Caledonia,  V  . .  103 

Cast-iron  projectiles,  iv . 273 

Castolet  bridge,  ill .  782 

Castor  bean,  best  brands,  v .  664 

cultivation  of,  v .  662 

oil  of,  used  for  medicine,  etc,  v .  .  663 

used  in  manufactures  and  for  lubricating,  v .  664 

Cattle — 

Algerian,  v . 96, 122, 234, 467 

Angeln,  v . 463 

Aryshire,  v . . 583 

Belgium  and  Holland,  exhibit  of ,  v .  .  463 

Breeds  kept  for  beef,  v .  556 

Breton,  v . 465 

Care  of,  v . .  583 

Dairy,  kind,  care,  and  management  of,  v .  580 

Devon ,  v .  583 

English  races  of,  v. . . 462 

Flemish  races  of .  v . . . .  465 

French  races  of,  v .  465 

Garonnaise,  v .  466 

Guelma  or  Cheurfa  race  of ,  v  . 467 

Guernsey,  v .  583 

Hereford,  v .  462 

Holstein-Friesian,  v .  582 

Improved  breeds  of ,  v . 582 

Increase  of ,  V  . . . 803 

In  Hawaii,  v .  129 

Jersey,  v . . . 582 

Number  and  value  in  United  States,  v . .  554 

On  western  ranches,  v . 560 

Parthenaise,  v .  466 

Raisin  g  and  fee  ling,  v .  . . . 539,  553 

Rearing  and  feeding,  v . . . 123, 129,  234 

Salt -roll  for,  v . 261 

H.  Ex.  410 


31 


482 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Cattle — Continued.  Page. 

Shorthorn,  v . .. . . . .461, 583 

Slaughtering  at  Chicago  houses,  v . . .  543 

Transportation  of,  v .  540 

Cattle  and  swine  rearing  and  feeding  in  the  United  States,  report  of  Geo.  E. 

Morrow,  v .  553 

Cauderay-Fregar  watt-hour  meter,  iv . .  217 

Cauliflower,  localities  suited  to  growth  of ,  v . .  655 

prices  always  high,  v .  659 

Cedar  apples  ( Gymnosporangium  macropus),  v. . .  .  790 

Cedrat,  or  grape-fruit,  v . 683 

Celery,  amount  grown  near  Kalamazoo,  Mich  ,  v  .  .  .  . . .  656 

exhibition  of ,  V .  82 

varieties  grown,  v . 656 

Cellars,  for  wine  making,  v . 376 

Cells  for  large  output  of  electricity,  iv . .  167 

small  electric  currents,  iv  .  . .  . .  173 

of  the  Leclanche  type,  iv .  170 

Centrifugal  pumps,  in .  180 

Century  plant,  fiber  from  leaves  utilized,  v .  720 

Cepe,  edible  mushroom,  v  .  7 .  ....  40 

Ceramics — 

Building  and  constructive  ceramics,  II . 395 

Customs  duties  on  porcelain  and  faiences,  II .  296 

Enamels,  ii . 304 

Exhibits  of  Austria-Hungary,  ii .  301 

Belgium,  II .  301 

China,  II . 302 

Denmark,  ii  .  .  301 

France,  n .  299 

Great  Britain,  n . 300 

Holland,  ii . 301 

Italy,  ii .  301 

Japan,  n .  302 

Monaco,  n .  301 

the  national  manufactory  of  Sevres,  ii .  .  297 

United  States,  ii .  302 

Grosse  porcelain,  ii . . . .  299 

Industrial  porcelain,  ii . 302 

Mosaics,  ii . 304 

“Nouvelle  Porcelain,”  n  .  297 

Number  of  exhibitors,  n .  296 

Report  of  David  Urquhart,  jr. ,  n .  296 

Cercospora  gossypina,  v .  789 

Cereal  production,  progress,  v .  803 

products,  crops  comprising  largest  proportion  of ,  v  .  630 

of  United  States,  report  of  Geo.  Wm.  Hill,  v . . .  619 

Cereals — 

Average  production  of ,  v .  803 

Cost  of  production  in  North  Dakota,  v .  630 

Diseases  threatening,  v .  632 

Exhibits  and  cultivation,  v . 35,  44, 45,  87,  93, 94, 106, 109,  111,  116 

List  of,  v .  861 

Per  capita,  produce  of,  v . 803 

Statistics  of,  v .  . 57, 87, 125 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


483 


Cereals  and  farinaceous  products,  IV .  . 

Ceret  bridge,  in . 

Chalk  battery  (Edison)  therrnogenerator,  iv . 

Chambrette-Ballon,  J.,  automatic  tile  press,  hi . 

hub-pipe  piston  machine,  ill .  . 

small  drain  pipe  machine,  in .  . 

Champagne- 

Combining  . 

Fining . 

First  bottling . 

Gathering  and  pressing  grapes  for . 

Grapes  used  in  making . 

History  and  manufacture  of . . . 

Manipulation  of  bottles . 

Measuring  pressure  of  gas  in  bottles . . . .  . 

Racking . . .  . 

Rebottling . 

Removal  of  lees  from . 

Sugaring . . . 

Treatment  of  must . . . 

with  tannin  .  . . . . .  . 

Winter  treatment .  .  . 

Champigny’s  V-grooved  pulley  for  wire  ropes,  hi . 

Chandler,  W.  H.,  ph.  d.,  f.  c.  s.,  reports  on— 

Appliances  and  products  of  methods  employed  for  the  preservation  of 

wood,  ii . 

Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products,  n . 

Construction  of  chemical  laboratories,  n . 

Hygiene  and  public  charities,  n . 

Products  of  mining  and  metallurgy,  II . 

Textile  fabrics,  wearing  apparel,  and  accessories,  n  . 

Changes  in  types  of  photographic  lenses,  n  . . .  . 

Charon,  Louis,  gas  engine,  ill . 

Chateau.  (See  Wine  estate.) 

Chatillon  &  Commentry’s  exhibit  of  war  material,  iv . 

Chaudron  thermogenerator,  iv . , . 

Chauffage,  v . 

Chaux-de-Fonds,  description  of  water  supply  of,  in . 

Cheese,  iv . 

Cheese-making,  v . 

apparatus,  v . 

Cheese-press,  the  Caison,  in  France,  v . 

Cheesman,  James,  report  of  dairy  products,  iv . 

Chemical  manufactures,  awards  to  United  States  exhibitors  of,  in . 

relative  value  of  exhibits,  in . 

methods  of  bleaching  and  dyeing,  n . 

Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products — 

Agricultural  products  not  used  as  food,  n . 

Oils,  fats,  waxes. 

Alkali  manufacture,  II . 

Artificial  silk,  n . 

Chemical  methods  of  bleaching  and  dyeing,  II . 

Chlorine,  electric  bleaching,  indophenol  and  gallocyanine  (new  dyes). 


Page. 

469 

789 

230 

421 

431 

432 


414 

414 

416 
412 
412 

411 

418 

417 

415 

419 
419 

416 

412 
414 

413 
277 


715 

529 

679 

757 

401 

335 

201 

143 


229 

401 

157 

584 

589 

256 

256 

616 

27 

27 

649 

648 

557 

607 

649 


484 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products — Continued.  Page. 

Exhibits  of  Belgium,  n . 543,  675 

France,  n . 540, 675 

French  Colonies,  n .  642 

Great  Britain,  ii . 555, 675 

Japan,  n .  643 

Norway,  n . .  642 

South  America,  n .  643 

Switzerland,  n . 610, 643 

United  States,  ii . 542,675 

Explosives,  n .  604 

Fertilizers  of  organic  or  mineral  origin,  ii .  671 

Gelatin,  glue,  boneblack,  and  phosphorus,  n . . .  608 

General  chemical  products,  fine  chemicals,  etc. ,  n .  590 

India  rubber  and  gutta-percha,  n .  619 

Leather  and  skins,  n .  667 

Pharmaceutical  products,  ii .  630 

Pigments,  paints,  and  varnishes,  n . 624 

Products  of  forest  growth  and  industry,  n  .  647 

•  petroleum  distillation,  ii . .  643 

Report  of  Prof.  Spencer  B.  Newbury,  n .  529 

Soaps,  glycerine,  and  stearine,  n .  610 

Sulphur  and  its  derivatives,  II .  535 

Sulphuric  acid,  n  . 547 

Cherry,  Bigarreau  and  Kentish  varieties,  v .  .  678 

Morello  class,  v  . . .  . .  678 

rot  ( Monilia  fructigena) ,  v .  792 

Chervil,  as  seasoning  herb,  v .  . .  657 

Chicory— 

As  a  substitute  for  coffee,  iv .  708 

Coffee,  cultivation  of,  v .  81,657 

Cultivation  in  France,  v .  81 

Belgium,  v . 107 

Grown  for  salad,  V  . 657 

Chile — 

Agricultural  instruction  in,  V .  ...  220 

Exhibits : 

Agriculture,  v .  134 

Drawing  and  modeling,  II  .  163 

Maps  and  apparatus,  ii . 190 

Medicine  and  surgery,  n . 176 

Musical  instruments,  n . 171 

Printing  and  books,  II .  153 

Schools,  ii. . .  127 

Ladies’  school  at  Santiago. 

Secondary  instruction,  n .  135 

Stationery,  etc.,  ii .  157 

Superior  education,  n .  143 

School  of  arts  and  trades,  University  of  Chile,  Chilean  Commissioner  to  the 
Exposition,  Julio  Besnard,  Santiago 

Technical  instruction,  ii . 199 

Professional  school  for  girls  at  Santiago. 

National  society  of  agriculture,  v . . 159,220 

Probable  increase  in  wheat  produced,  v  . .  .  627 

Statistics  of,  v  . 221 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


485 


Page. 


■Chimney  “wagons”  or  flues,  hi .  413 

China,  exhibits  of  ceramics,  II .  302 

furniture  and  accessories,  II . .  295 

Chinch  bug,  estimated  damage  by,  v . . .  604 

Chlorophyll,  a  substitute  for  copper  salts,  v .  37 

Churns,  descriptions  and  figures,  v .  251 

Cichorium  endivia  sylvestris,  cultivation  of,  v . .  .  81 

intybus,  cultivation  of ,  v .  81 

Cider- 

Appliances,  v .  238 

Industry,  v . 790 

iv . 526 

in  France,  importance  of,  v .  526 

Presses,  exhibits  of,  v .  . .  - .  239 

French,  v .  .  239 

new  continuous,  v . 244 

rotating,  v .  239 

universal  paralellogram,  v .  241 

Production,  v .  526 

Cigarettes,  increase  in  manufacture  of,  v .  .  732 

Cinchona,  exhibited  from  Ecuador,  v . 136 

Cinnamon,  in  Anam,  v .  102- 

Circular  letter  from  Secretary  of  State  to  governors  of  States  and  Territo¬ 
ries,  i .  XVII 

and  jig  saws,  for  metal,  in .  333 

Circulars,  forms,  and  regulations,  I . 223 

of  information  for  the  jury  in  general  mechanics,  furnished  by 

exhibitors,  ill . . .  .  ...  74 

Citrus  fruits,  v  . . . .  682 

Citrus  pomelanus,  introduced  from  West  Indies,  v .  683 

City  hospital  of  Antwerp,  report  of  W.  H.  Chandler,  PH.  D.,  n .  771 

Civil  engineering,  public  works,  and  architecture — 

Bridges  and  viaducts,  ill .  745 


Steel  bridge  at  Rouen  on  the  Seine,  reconstruction  of  the  roadway  of  the  suspension 
bridge  at  Tournoy-Charente,  lifting  bridge  at  La  Villette  (Paris),  Garabit  Viaduct, 
Gour-Noir  Viaduct,  viaduct  over  the  river  Tardes,  consolidation  of  the  side  slopes  at 
La  Plante,  tunnel  through  Cabres  Pass,  Cubzac  bridge  over  the  Dordogne,  Crueize 


Viaduct,  Castalet,  Antoinette  and  Laveur  bridges,  crossing  of  the  Garonne  at  Mar- 
moude,  Oloron  railway  bridge,  Gravona  bridge. 

■Civil  construction  and  architecture,  ill .  801 

Specimens  of  iron  construction  in  Paris,  Eiffel  tower,  machinery  hall  (Exposition 
place). 

Hydraulic  engineering — rivers  and  canals,  in .  552 


Hydraulic  canal  lifts  at  Les  Fontinettes,  France,  and  at  La  Louviere,  Belgium;  mov¬ 
able  dam  at  Suresne  on  the  Seine;  Marly  dam  on  the  Seine;  lock  at  Bougival  and  its 
hydraulic  working  appliances;  movable  dam  at  Poses  on  the  Seine;  movable  fish- way 
at  Port-Mort  dam  on  the  Seine;  Torcy-Neuf  reservoir  for  feeding  the  Central  canal; 
high-lift  locks  on  the  Central  canal;  cable  towage  for  boats  on  canals  and  rivers;  tow¬ 
age  by  submerged  chain  with  fireless  engine;  pump  system  for  supplying  the  canal 
from  the  Marne  to  the  Rhine  and  the  Eastern  canal,  France;  oscillating  bridge  over 
the  Dames  canal  lock;  balanced  gates  on  the  Rhone  and  Cette  canal;  Braye-en-Laon- 
nois  tunnel;  navigation  of  the  Seine  from  Paris  to  the  sea;  embankment  works  for 


the  improvement  of  the  tidal  Seine. 

Introduction  and  acknowledgments,  in.,. .  551 

Light-houses,  hi . . . .  864 


At  Planier,  at  Port  Vendres,  apparatus  for  lighting  at  Cape  Antifer,  improvements 
in  oil  apparatus,  improvements  in  other  methods  of  lighting,  acoustic  signals,  illumi¬ 
nation  by  gasoline  of  buoys  and  beacons,  graphic  method  of  quadrature. 


486 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Civil  engineering,  public  works,  and  architecture — Continued.  Page. 

Report  of  William  Watson,  ph.  d.,  hi . . .  551 

Tidal,  coast,  and  harbor  works,  ill .  .  670 


Calais  harbor,  outer  harbor  at  Bologne,  Pellot  lock  at  Havre,  iron  wave-breaker  on 
the  breakwater  at  the  south  side  of  the  outer  harbor  of  Havre,  single  gate  of  the 
Taucarville  lock,  canal  from  Havre  to  Taucarville,  slipway  at  Rouen  for  repair  of 
ships,  Port  of  Honfleur,  traversing  bridge  over  dock  locks  at  St.  Malo-St.  Servan, 
hydraulic  works  and  pneumatic  foundation  at  Genoa,  foundation  of  the  jetties  at  La 
Pallice,  port  of  Rochelle. 


Weights  and  measures  in  French,  converted  into  English  equivalents,  hi  .  545 

Cladosporium  carpophilum,  v .  791 

sp.,  v .  790 

Clanny’s  safety  lamp,  hi .  282 

Clapp-Griffiths  process  for  producing  iron,  ii  .  418 

Clark,  A.  Howard,  expert  commissioner,  report  on  alimentary  products,  iv. .  455 

Clark,  H.  C.,  report  on  meat  industries,  v . . . .  589 

Clark,  W.  A.,  history  of  sea-island  cotton,  v .  702 

Clarman-Carpentier  thermo-generator,  iv . . . . . .  230 

Classic  influence,  decline  of,  n .  22 

Classification,  synopsis  of,  I .  258 

Classification  of — 

Exhibits  in  general  mechanics,  in .  73 

Group  1,  ii . 2 

II,  ii .  114 

III,  ii .  290 

IV,  ii .  334 

V,  ii .  399 

Machinery  exhibits,  III .  11 

Sewing  and  clothing  machines,  ill .  33 

Classified  catalogue  of  United  States  exhibits,  I . , . .  261 

exhibits  in  the  art  department,  ii .  105 

and  awards  in  products  of  mining  and  metallurgy,  n .  402 

exhibitors  of,  and  prizes  for,  textile  fabrics,  wearing  apparel,  and 

accessories,  n .  336 

Claude  multiple  telegraph  system,  iv .  114 

Clayton,  B.  F.,  report  on  viticulture  in  United  States,  v .  .  685 

Climax  nozzle,  use  of,  v .  .  .  611 

Clocks  and  watches,  report  on  of  David  Urquhart,  jr,  n .  318 

Clover  ( Trifolium ),  v . 739 

use  and  cultivation  in  France,  v .  55 

Clubs,  agricultural,  V .  145 

Coal — 

Coke  ovens  for  preservation  of  ammonia  and  tar,  ii .  404 

Exhibitors  of ,  I .  372 

Production  of,  by  countries,  n .  402 

in  United  States,  in  1887-88,  I . .  373 

Coal-transferring  plant  at  Eleu,  hi . . .  299 

Cochineal,  displays  of,  v . 438 

Cockchafer,  French  syndicate  to  combat,  v .  .  142 

Cockerill  blowing  engine  for  blast  furnaces,  m .  304 

Cocoa  industry,  iv .  712 

Cocoanut,  successfully  grown  in  Florida,  v . .  683 

Coffee — 

Chicory,  cultivation  of,  v .  81 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


4S7 


Coffee — Continued.  Page. 

Culture  in  Madagascar,  v . .  100 

Martinique,  v .  105 

New  Caledonia,  v  . .  108 

Sandwich  Islands,  v .  129 

Exhibits  and  cultivation  of,  v . 117, 129, 183 

Industry,  iv .  700 

Coinage  of  gold  and  silver  at  United  States  mints  in  1888,  1 .  418 

silver,  and  copper  in  Mexico,  1873  to  1888,  I .  423 

Mexico  from  establishment  of  mints  in  1534,  I .  423 

Coke  ovens  for  preservation  of  ammonia  and  tar,  II .  404 

Jameson,  Cowes,  Simon  Cowes,  Hoffman. 

Collard,  grown  mostly  for  stock,  v .  656 

Colleges,  agricultural,  v .  217 

Colman,  Norman  J.,  first  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  V .  827 

Coloring  electrically,  iv .  153 

Colson,  R.,  report  on  '‘Photograph  without  an  objective,”  the  pinhole  cam¬ 
era,  ii . 207 

Colombia,  United  States  of,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v . .  . .  135 

Colza,  cultivation  of,  v . 86, 116, 120 

Cornices,  or  agricultural  clubs,  v .  145 

Commerce,  external,  development  of,  v .  808 

of  the  United  States,  foreign,  1887-1889,  v .  807 

Commercial  statistics  of  alimentary  products,  iv .  456 

Comores  Island,  agricultural  products  of,  v .  100 

Compagnie  Bona-Guelma  (Algeria-Tunis)  exhibit,  III .  463 

des  Chemins  de  Fer  du  Nord  exhibit,  ill .  459 

Sud  exhibit,  III .  461 

Omnibus  et  Tramways  de  Lyons,  exhibit,  in .  466 

Frangaise  des  moteurs  a  Goz  exhibit,  in .  134 

General  des  Voitures,  v  . . .  261 

Internationale  des  wagons  lits  exhibit,  hi .  462 

Comparative  composition  of  American  and  European  beef,  report  of  Chas.  D. 

Woods,  v .  593 

Compound  volt  meter,  iv . 213 

Compressed-air  railway  motors,  in . 1 .  504 

Comstock  lode — 

Assessments  and  dividends,  1 .  387 

Operations  on,  in  1888,  I . . .  385 

Relative  value  of  gold  and  silver  of ,  i .  386 

Total  production  of  silver  of,  i .  386 

Concentric  poles  telephone  receiver,  iv .  123 

Concord,  leading  variety  of  grape,  v . .  679 

Condiments,  adulterations  of ,  v .  785 

Condition  of  art  in  South  and  Central  America,  ii .  .  96 

Congo  exhibits — 

Drawing  and  modeling,  ii .  165 

Musical  instruments, ii . 171 

Secondary  instruction.il . 136 

Stationery,  etc.,n . 158 

Congress,  joint  resolution  of,  authorizing  the  printing  of  the  report,  I .  ix 

Connecticut  experiment  station,  first  in  United  States,  v .  818 

success  of,  v .  819 

Conservatoire  des  Arts  et  Metiers,  v . . .  190 


488 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Consolidation  of  the  side  slopes  of  La  Plante,  in  . .  771 

Constant  alternating  current  transformer,  iv .  50 

Construction  of  chemical  laboratories,  report  of  W.  H.  Chandler,  ph.  d.,  ii  . . .  679 

Kent  Laboratories  of  Yale  College;  Kidder  Laboratory  of  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology;  Laboratory  of  Cornell  University;  Laboratory  of  the  Federal  Polytechnic 
School,  Zurich,  Switzerland;  Laboratories  of  Lehigh  University. 

Consumption  of  gas  in  France,  ii . .  328 

natural  gas,  i . . 409 

Contades  dynamo,  iv . 44 

Continuous  current  transformer,  iv .  51 

Converter  voltmeter,  iv .  212 

Copper — 

Amount  produced  annually  in  the  United  States  from  1882  to  1887,  i  . . . .  390 

Average  price  a  pound  of  lake  at  New  York  from  1860,  i .  393 

Electrolytic  process  for  producing,  n . .  440 

Exhibitors  of  (with  notes  of  production),  i .  394 

ii .  443 

Ch.  Martin  &  Co.,  L.  Letrange  &  Co.,  Societe  Anonyme  du  Metal  Delta  et  des  Alli- 
ages  Metalliques,  Mothelin  &  Gamier,  Eschger,  Ghesqui§re  &  Co.,  Society  Anonyme 
des  Mines  et  Fonderies  de  Pont  Gibaud,  France;  B.  H.  Camp  &  Co.,  United  States. 

Exports  of  from  United  States  from  1867,  i .  392 

Imports  of  into  United  States  from  1867,  i .  .  392 

Mahnes  process  for  producing,  ii .  440 

Parrot  Silver  and  Copper  Company  of  Butte,  Mont.,  description  of 

works,  II . 442 

Production  of  by  countries,  ii . .  402 

and  sources  of  from  1882  to  1887,  i .  390 

Welsh  process  for  producing,  ii .  440 

Copper  preservatives  of  wood,  American  experiments  with,  ii . . .  750 

Corn — 

Average  export,  v . 802 

yield  and  price,  v  . .  .  802 

Distribution  in  the  United  States  (table),  v .  799 

Indian,  crop  of  United  States,  v .  623 

fodder  for  cattle,  v . 584 

Or  maize,  sweet,  v .  624 

Pop,  in  the  United  States,  v .  624 

Production  and  export  of  (table),  v .  .  802 

Salad,  frequently  on  market,  v .  .  657 

Cornell  University,  chemical  laboratories,  report  of  W.  H.  Chandler,  ph.  d.  ,  n. .  703 

Comely,  E.,  exhibit  of  the  ‘r  Couso-Brodeur  ”  machine,  hi .  38 

Corvus  americanus,  v . 780 

Cost  of  compressing  air  for  mine  drills,  hi .  269 

production  of  silver  in  the  United  States,  i . .  384 

transmitting  power,  tables  by  Col.  Turrettini,  ill .  161 

Costa  Rica,  agricultural  exhibit  of ,  v  .  .  135 

Cotton — 

Abandoned  in  Algeria,  v  . . .  . . .  132 

Algerian,  v .  87 

American,  history  of,  v .  698 

Eultivation  of,  v .  708 

Exhibits  of ,  v . 696 

and  cultivation . . 87,  126,  132,  134 

History  of  cultivation  of,  v .  706 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


489 


■Cotton — Continued.  Page. 

In  seed,  V . . .  .  697 

Increase  of  crop,  v .  . . .  801 

Machinery  used  in  preparation  of  v, .  709 

Picking  of,  v . 709 

Production  and  export  of ,  v .  805 

Proportion  of  product  exported,  v .  805 

Raw,  samples  exhibited,  V .  705 

Sea  island,  history  of,  v . . .  702 

varieties,  with  per  cent  of  lint,  v .  704 

Cotton  bagging,  manufacture  of,  v .  .  705 

crop,  value  of,  v  . . 710 

industry,  report  of  Janies  R.  Binford.  v.  . . . .  706 

leaf  blight,  ( Cercospora  gossypina),  v . 689 

lint,  v . 702 

louse,  attacking  cotton,  v . . . . .  708 

manufacture,  v .  704 

plant,  diseases  of,  v .  701 

insects  attacking,  v . ' .  707 

Cotton  and  tobacco,  distribution  of,  v .  .  801 

Cotton  thread  and  fabrics,  review  of  A.  Van  Bergen,  II .  348 


Grand. prize  winners:  Gros  Roman,  Ch.  Mieg,  Hartman  &  Son,  Dollfus  Mieg&  Co., 
France;  Asoph  Baranoff  &  Co.,  Baranoff  Manufacturing  Company,  Zahar  Morosoff, 
jr.,  Russia;  Ryland  &  Son,  England;  Belgian  Spinning  Company,  Parmentier  Van 
Hoegaerden,  Belgium;  Henri  Kunz,  Switzerland;  Parallada  &  Co., Espana  Industrial, 
Spain. 


Cotton  worm,  estimate  of  damage  by,  v .  604 

five  years  to  investigate,  v .  605 

Cotton-oil  lard,  v  . . . .  706 

Cotton-seed  oil,  v .  .  705 

sold  as  “huile  d’olive,”  v .  705 

Count  de  Chardonuet,  process  for  manufacture  of  artificial  silk,  report  of 

Charles  Richard  Dodge,  II .  526 

Count  de  Chardonuet,  process  for  manufacture  of  artificial  silk,  report  of 

Prof.  Spencer  B.  Newbury,  n . .  607 

Couplings  for  electric  line  wire,  iv .  86 

Cow  peas  ( Dolichos  sinensis),  v .  .  739 

yield  by  States,  v . .  641 

Cox  &  Scarlett’s  process  of  polishing  glasses,  ii . .  219 

Crab  grass  (. Panicum  sanguinale),  v .  739 

Cranberries,  shipped  to  Europe,  v . .  68l 

where  cultivated,  v .  681 

Creameries,  United  States,  statistics  of,  v .  571 

Cream-raisers,  consideration  of ,  v . .  249 

Credit,  agricultural  institutions  of,  v . .  .  141 

Creosoting  wood,  American  experiments  in,  n .  752 

Cress,  as  salad,  v .  657 

water,  culture  of,  v .  82 

Crisis  in  agriculture,  v .  499 

Crompton  arc  lamp,  iv .  59 

dynamo,  IV .  36 

Crossing  of  the  Garonne  at  Marmonde,  masonry  caisson,  ill .  792 

Crossley  Bros.,  Otto  gas  engine,  hi .  149 

Crow  ( Corvus  americanus),  stomach  contents  of,  v .  780 

Crueiza  viaduct,  hi .  781 


490 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Cruto  incandescent  lamp,  iv . . 

Cryptophone,  iv . 

Cubzac  bridge  over  the  Dordogne,  in .  . 

Cucumbers,  earliest  shipments,  v . 

prices  of,  v . 

succeeds  in  all  parts  of  United  States,  v . . 

Cucumis  melo,  French  exhibit  of ,  v . 

sativus,  French  exhibit  of ,  v . 

Cucurbita  citrullus,  French  exhibit  of ,  v . 

lagenaria,  French  exhibit  of,  v . 

maxima,  French  exhibit  of ,  v . 

melanosperma,  French  exhibit  of ,  v . 

moschata,  French  exhibit  of,  v . . . 

pepo,  French  exhibit  of ,  v . 

Curculio,  the  plum,  v  . . 

Currant  industry  of  Greece,  v . 

the  regions  best  adapted  to,  v . .  . . 

Cuscuta,  parasitic  on  forage  plants,  v .  . 

Customs  duties  on  porcelains  and  faciences,  II . 

Cuvage,  or  fermentation  of  the  grape,  v . 

relation  of  temperature  to,  v . 

Cuve,  Ferrague,  v . 

Ferret,  v . 

Cuvelier’s  hydraulic  fastening  for  safety  lamps,  hi . 

Cuves,  or  fermentation  vats,  v  . .  „ .  . 

Cyclone  nozzle,  description  of,  v . 

Cyna.ra  scolymus,  French  exhibit  of,  v . 

Cynodon  dactylon,  v . 

D. 

Dairy  appliances,  exhibit  of,  v . 

cattle.  (See  Cattle.) 

education,  v .  . 

Dairy  industry — 

Condition  of ,  in  France,  v . 

In  the  several  States,  v.  . 

Of  the  United  States,  v . . 

Recommendations  of  international  congress,  v . 

Report  by  H.  W.  Wing,  v . 

Products,  production  and  export  of,  V . 

Dairymen’s  association,  v . . . 

Dairying — 

Amherst  Cooperative  Creamery,  v . 

Associated  in  New  England,  v .  . 

lessons  of  experience,  v  . 

Schuylersville  Creamery,  v. . . 

Statistics  of,  v . 

Dandelion,  cultivation  in  France,  v . 

Dandoy,  Maillard  &  Co.’s  vertical  spindle  milling  machine,  hi 

Dapont,  Gideon,  introducer  of  water  culture  of  rice,  V . 

Darr,  John,  death  of,  v . 

Dasylerion  graminifolium,  fiber  from,  exhibited,  v . 

Dates,  cultivation  of,  v . 


Page. 

65 

131 

775 

659 

659 

653 

77 

79 

79 

79 

76 

77 
76 
76 

678 

112 

681 

56 

296 

377 

387 

387 

384 

284 

382 

610 

68 

739 


.  247 

.  592 

.  527 

.  578 

.  577 

.  528 

.  577 

.  579 

.  592 

.  566 

565 
.  570 

.  568 

571,577 
82 

.  320 

.  635 

.  496 

.  721 

.  89,93 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


491 


Dates,  tried  in  California  and  Arizona,  v . ...... . 

Davis  Sewing  Machine  Company’s  exhibit,  in . 

Davy’s  safety  lamp,  in . 

Davey,  Paxmant  &  Co.’s  engine,  hi . 

Debie,  M.,  exhibit  of  millboard  making  machines,  hi . 

De  Caux,  M.,  sketch  of  the  dyeing  industry,  n . 

Deck,  M.,  introduction  of  grosse  porcelain,  II . 

Decline  of  classic  influence,  II . 

Decorated  papers — 

Exhibits  of  France,  n .  . 

Great  Britain,  u . 

Japan,  II . 

the  United  States,  n . 

Observations  by  Mr.  Shope,  the  American  juror,  n . 

Report  of  David  Urquhart,  jr.,  n . . 

Decorations  bestowed  on  account  of  the  United  States,  i . 

Legion  of  Honor,  officers  of  public  instruction,  officers  of  the  academy,  agricultural 
merit. 

Decour’s  centrifugal  pumps  at  Brest,  m . 

Decree  of  the  President  of  the  French  Republic,  opening  the  Exposition,  I. . . 

Decuvage,  in  wine-making,  v . 

Deherain,  M. ,  heard  before  international  congress  of  agriculture,  v . 

Delalande  amperemeter,  iv . 

Delamare-Deboutteville  &  Malandin's  “Simplex”  gas  engine,  in . 

Delcambre  composing  machine,  in . 

De  Moor’s  exhibit  of  bolt  and  nut  machinery,  ill . 

De  Nayer  boiler,  m . 

Denmark  exhibits — 

Agriculture,  v . 

Art  department,  II . 

Michael  Ancher,  Otto  Bache,  Peter  Severin  Kroyer,  L.  Tuxen,  Mme.  Ancher,  Bren- 
dekilde,  Hammershoj,  Henningsen,  Jendorff.  Johansen,  Mols,  Niss,  Paulsen,  N.  K. 
Skovgaard,  Therkildsen,  Wegmann,  and  Zahrtmann. 

Ceramics,  II . 

Fabrique  Royale  de  Porcelain  of  Copenhagen. 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n . . . 

Bund  of  Copenhagen. 

Furniture  and  accessories,  11 . 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n . 

Meteorological  section,  n . 

J.  A.  Neergaard  of  Copenhagen,  Capt.  E.  Rung. 

Printing  and  books,  H . 

Schools,  II . . . 


Page. 

68a 

37 

279 

125 

49 

659 

299 

22 


309 

310 

311 
310 
309 
308 
447 


189 

179 

388. 

500 

210 

137 

52 

340 

84 


107 

57 


301 

163 

294 

190 

271 

153 

128 


Sloejd  Fsreningen,  N.  C.  Rom. 

Scientific  instruments,  II .  182 

Secondary  instruction,  II .  135 

Stationery,  etc.,  n .  157 

Technical  instruction,  ii . 199 

Department  of  Agriculture — 

Appropriations  for  (1890) ,  V . 842 

Duties  of  officers  of,  v .  .  829 

Establishment  of,  v . . . 817,  825 

History  of,  V .  822 

Investigation  by,  of  sorghum  as  sugar-producing  plant ,  v .  692 

Officers  of ,  V .  828 


492 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Deprez  dynamo,  iv  . . . . .  39 

Deprez-Carpentier  amperemeter,  iv . 207, 

Deprez-d’ Arson val  galvanometer,  iv . .  193 

Derriey,  M.  Jules,  exhibit  of  embroidering  machine,  ill .  40 

Desrozier  dynamo,  iv .  33 

Desruelles  amperemeter,  iv .  208 

Development  of  external  commerce,  V .  808 

Deville-Castuer  process  for  producing  sodium  and  potassium,  ii .  463 

Deville-Chatel  &  Co.’s  compound  engine  with  Fricart’s  gear,  in .  115 

“  Dewberries”  ripen  before  blackberries,  v .  680 

Dietaries  of  different  peoples,  v . .  .  808 

Dietary  standards,  v . 808 

Diffusion  introduced  in  manufacture  of  sugar,  v  . . .  692 

Dijon  school  of  art,  II .  29 

Diplex  telegraph  system,  iv .  . . .  110 

Direct-acting  steam  pumps,  in .  174 

Discoveries  of  salt  in  New  York  and  Kansas,  I.  . . . . . .  407 

Discovery  of  nickel  ores  in  Oregon,  1 .  405 

Diospyros  kaki,  introduced  from  Japan,  v . .  684 

Diseases,  agricultural — 

Anthracnose,  v .  .  353 

Black  rot,  v . 350 

Crvptogamic,  V .  349 

Downy  mildew,  v . 349 

Oidium,  orpoivdery  mildew,  v . 352 

Of  fungous  plants,  v .  789 

the  vine,  V .  349 

Pourridie,  v . . .  354 

White  rot,  y . . . .  .  351 

Display  of  general  mechanics  in  United  States  section,  and  awards,  in .  71 

Distilling,  agricultural,  v .  523 

instruction  in,  v . .  206 

Distributers  of  fertilizers,  V . 267,271 

Distribution  of — 

Corn-raising  in  the  United  States,  v .  799 

Foreign  members  of  superior  jury  by  countries  and  classes,  i .  95 

Oats  in  United  States,  v .  .  800 

Wheat-raising  in  United  States,  V .  799 

Distribution  and  value  of  awards  in  general  mechanics,  in .  72 

Dividends  declared  on  mining  operations,  by  States,  1884  to  1888,  I .  420 

paid  by  certain  American  mines  to  1888,  i .  418 

Dodder,  parasitic,  on  forage  plants, v .  156 

Dodge,  Charles  Richard,  reports  on — 

Flax  industry  in  Belgium,  n  . . . . . . .  508 

and  hemp  industry  in  France,  n . . .  493 

Manufacture  of  artificial  silk,  II . . .  526 

Ramie  field  trials  of,  1889,  II .  578 

Textile  fibers  of  the  United  States,  v .  . .  695 

Dodge,  J.  R.,  report  on  statistics  of  agriculture  in  the  United  States,  v .  797 

Dolichos  sinensis,  v  .  739 

Domaine  de  la  Donneterie,  V .  .  231 

de  l’Enfida,  v .  93 

de  Noisiel,  v . 265 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


493 


Dominican  Republic  exhibits —  Page. 

Agriculture,  v . 135 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n . 163 

Musical  instruments,  II .  Ill 

Scientific  instruments,  II . -  . . .  182 

Donations  of  exhibits  made  by  United  States  exhibitors,  I .  452 

Dondey  pea-sheller,  v . 306 

Double  diaphragm  telephone  receiver,  iv .  122 

Downy  mildew,  v . 349 

of  the  grape  ( Peronospora  viticola),  v .  793 

Draft  horses,  exhibit  of ,  v .  .  476 

Drawing  and  modeling — 

Exhibits  of  Belgium,  II . 161 

Brazil,  II .  162 

France,  n .  159 

Great  Britain,  II .  162 

Switzerland,  II . 162 

the  United  States,  n .  160 

various  countries,  n .  162 

Drill  fluting  machines,  ill .  325 

grinder,  ill . . . . .  342 

press,  table,  and  vise,  in .  320 

Drills— 

A  paquet,  of  M.  Albert,  v . .  272 

Beet,  v .  270 

Japy  grain,  V .  272 

Trials  of,  v . 268 

Wheat,  seed,  and  manure,  v .  271 

Dubois  &  Francois’s  air  compressor,  ill . 268 

Dulac’s  boiler  with  Field  tubes,  hi . • .  91 

Dulait’s  arc  lamp,  iv .  62 

dynamo,  iv .  . .  43 

Duplex  telegraph  system,  iv .  110 

Durand,  J.,  report  on  Riggs’  collection  of  armor,  i .  169 

Durozoi’s  ram  pump,  hi  .  .  .  .  196 

Dutch  colonies,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v .  .  .  114 

Dyeing  industry,  sketch  of,  by  M.  De  Caux,  n . .  659 

Dynamos,  iv .  21 


E. 


Earth  pear,  cultivation  and  use  of .  v . . . 

Ecole  des  Beaux  Arts,  course  of  study  at,  n . 

closing  of  the  school,  ii . 

history  of ,  II . : . . . 

Ecoles  maternelles  (kindergartens)  in  France,  II . 

Economic  ornithology  and  mammalogy,  report  of  C.  Hart  Merriam,  v 
Ecuador  exhibits — 

Agriculture,  v . . . 

Drawing  and  modeling,  II . 

Secondary  instruction,  II . . . 

Superior  education,  n . 

Edison  amperemeter,  iv . 

ampere-hour  meter,  iv. . . . . . . . 


75. 

26 

27’ 

27 

117 

779 

135 

163 

135 

143 

210 

223 


494 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Edison  dynamo,  tv . 34 

incandescent  lamp,  iv . 64 

system  of  transmitting  electricity,  iv .  69 

voltmeter,  iv . 212 

volt  indicator,  iv . . 213 

Edoux  elevator,  in .  204 

Education,  agricultural,  in  the  United  States,  v .  809 

exhibits,  lists  of,  v .  .  878 

of  young  children,  II .  117 

Education  and  liberal  arts,  report  of  Arthur  J.  Stace,  commissioner,  ii .  115 

present  condition  of ,  n .  194 

Egg-plant,  cultivation  of,  in  France,  v .  . . .  69 

related  to  tomatoes,  v .  652 

requirements,  v .  652 

Eggs  of  birds,  reptiles,  etc.,  iv .  592 

Egrappage.  (See  Stemming.). 

Egrappoir,  Gaillot’s  rotating,  v .  378 

Egypt  exhibits,  agriculture,  v .  126 

schools,  II .  128 

Normal  school  of  Cairo. 

probable  increased  production  of  wheat,  v .  627 

Eiffel  Tower,  construction  of,  ill . 806 

hydraulic  elevators,  ill .  199 

Electric  accumulators  of  the  Faure  type,  iv  . . . .  182 

Plante  type,  iv . 179 

other  types,  iv .  188 

bells,  iv .  134 

bleaching,  iv .  153 

clocks  and  time  distribution,  iv . 135 

domestic  apparatus,  iv .  137 

gas  lighting,  iv .  136 

lock,  iv .  149 

loom  arrester,  iv .  148 

machine  for  voting,  iv . . .  149 

organ,  iv .  142 

production  of  sulphate  of  copper,  iv . 154 

recording  and  indicating  apparatus,  IV .  149 

reproduction  of  engravings,  iv . 153 

treatment  of  liquors,  iv .  155 

tricycle,  iv . 149 

welding,  iv  .  90 

Electrical  measuring  instruments  and  scientific  apparatus — 

Amperemeters  and  voltmeters,  iv .  207 

Deprez-Carpentier,  Desruelles,  Ayrton,  Perry,  Cardew,  Alioth,  Woodhouse  & 

Rawson,  Edison.  De  Lalande.  Thomson-Houston,  Thomson  (Elihu)  electrometer 
form,  Thomson  (Sir  William)  converter,  compound,  Lippmann,  recording. 

Electrometers,  iv .  202 

Carpentier,  Mascart,  Blondlet  &  Curie,  Lippmann. 

Electro-dynamometers,  iv  .  201 

Galvanometers,  iv . . .  190 

Thomson,  Carpentier,  Deprez-d’Arsonval,  Weidmann,  heat,  pocket,  accessories. 

Meters,  iv . . 216 

Watt-hour— Cauderay-Fr^gar,  Blondlot,  Brille,  Aron,  Boiron  &  Cozette;  ampere 
hour— Hookham,  Jacquemier,  Edison,  Alioth,  Heinrich  &  Mulberger,  Thomson, 

Borel;  time — Aubert. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


495 


Electrical  measuring  instruments  and  scientific  apparatus — Continued.  Page. 

Miscellaneous  measuring  instruments  and  apparatus,  iv .  224 

Standard  cell,  pyrometer,  photometer,  magnetic  and  fluid  bridges,  tasimeter, 

Thomson  (Elihu)  apparatus,  influence  machine,  Geissler  &  Crook’s  tubes,  speed 
register. 

Resistance  boxes,  iv .  204 

Electricity,  report  of  Carl  Hering,  iv  .  9 

Electrometer  form  of  amperemeter,  iv .  210 

Electroplating  and  galvanoplastic  exhibits,  iv .  150 

Electro-chemistry — 

Accumulators,  iv . 175 

Electro-metallurgy,  iv .  156 

Electroplating  and  galvauoplastics,  iv .  150 

Exhibits— Iron  oxide  plating,  plated  zinc,  accessories,  coloring  electrically,  reproduc¬ 
tion  of  engravings,  production  of  sulphate  of  copper,  bleaching,  treatment  of  liquors. 

Primary  batteries,  iv . . . .  156 

Bichromate  of  potash  cells,  other  cells  for  large  output,  cells  of  the  Leclanche  type, 
cells  for  small  currents,  miscellaneous. 

Electro-dynamics — 

Accessories,  iv . .  78 

Automatic  regulators,  lightning  arresters,  automatic  safety  cut-offs  and  fuses, 
switches,  couplings  for  wires,  binding  posts,  miscellaneous. 

Arc  lamps,  iv . 52 


Series  system,  multiple  lamps,  feeding  of  the  carbons,  Cance,  Bardon,  Pieper,  Mar- 
quaire,  Brequet,  Aboilard,  Brown,  Henrion,  Crompton,  Thomson-Houston,  Thomson, 
Jablochkoff,  Sautter,  Lemonnier  &  Company,  Meritens,  Le  Blon,  Puvillard,  Arnould, 

Dulait,  Alioth. 

Dynamos,  iv .  .  21 

High  and  low  tension,  direction  of  development,  field  magnets,  armatures,  brushes, 
bearings  and  oilings,  exhibits  by  countries,  kilowatt,  comparative  data,  watts  per 
pound,  price  per  kilowatt,  jury  tests;  continuous  current  machines — Oerlikon,  Rech- 
niewski,  Desrozier,  Thury,  Edison,  French  Edison  Company,  Crompton,  Belfort, 
Thomson-Houston,  Miot,  Deprez,  Gramme,  Sautter-Lemonnier,  Brequet,  Pieper, 

Zurich,  Jaspar,  Dulait,  Henrion,  Sperry,  Perret,  Postel-Vinay,  Gerard,  Contades; 

'  alternating  current  machines— Thomson-Houston,  Ferranti,  Heissler,  Maiche;  acces¬ 


sories. 

Incandescent  lamps,  iv .  62 

Development,  Edison,  French  Edison  Company,  Sevan,  Gabriel,  Lodyguine,  Cruto, 

Gerard,  Khotinsky,  Sunbeam,  Pieper. 

Installations,  iv .  74 

Lighting  of  the  Exposition,  lighting  of  Paris,  statistics. 

Miscellaneous  applications  of  electrical  energy,  iv .  90 

Welding,  Thomson’s  process,  Bernado’s  process,  magnetic  separators  or  sorters, 
illuminated  fountains. 

Systems  of  transmission  and  distribution,  iv .  67 

Incandescent  lamp,  arc  lamp,  power  transmission  and  motor  distribution,  railroad, 

Edison,  Thomson,  Heissler,  multiple  series,  accumulator,  transformer,  Thomson  com¬ 
pensating,  long  distance,  Oerlikon,  electrical  railway  systems. 

Transformers,  IV .  49 

Alternating  current,  constant  alternating  current,  Jablochkoff  candle,  continuous 
current. 

Electro-dynamometers,  iv .  201 

Electro-metallurgy,  iv _ ... . 156 

Elevator  rake,  description  of .  v .  290 

Ellington’s  hydraulic  balance  elevator.  III . 209 

Ellsworth,  Henry  L.,  interest  in  agriculture,  V .  822 

Embankment  works  for  the  improvement  of  the  tidal  Seine,  in .  651 

Embroidering  machines,  exhibits  of,  ill . .  38 

Enamels,  n .  304 

Endive,  cultivation  of,  v .  81 


496 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


Page. 

Endive,  for  fall  and  winter  use,  v . . .  657 

English  railway  rolling-stock  exhibits — 

London,  Brighton  and  South  Coast  Company,  ill . . . .  474 

London  and  Northwestern  Company,  III .  477 

Midland  Company,  hi .  . .  481 

North  London  Company,  in .  476 

Southeastern  Company,  in . 475 

English  sparrow,  annual  increase  of ,  v  .  779 

spread  of ,  v .  779 

Engravings  by  French  artists,  II .  49 

Enjalbert’s  automatic  camera,  n .  .  204 

Ensilage — 

Blunt  automatic  system  of,  v .  237 

Crops  used  as,  v . . .  237 

Culture  and  harvesting,  v . . .  743 

Exhibit  of,  v . 741 

Johnson  system  of,  v . . 225, 236 

Systems  of ,  v .  234 

Entomologists,  economic,  in  United  States,  v .  611 

staff  of,  in  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture,  v .  612 

National  Museum,  v . .  612 

Entomology,  economic — 

American  literature  on,  v .  604 

List  of  exhibits,  v .  .  854 

State  and  experiment  stations,  v .  612 

Present  status  in  United  States,  v .  611 

Entomosporium  maculatum,  v .  790 

Epidendron  vanilla ,  cultivation  in  Reunion,  v .  97 

Erinose  ( Phytoptus  vitis),\ .  792 

Ervurn  lens,  French  exhibit  of,  v . .  67 

Escher,  Wyss  &  Co.’s  engines,  hi . .  120 

exhibit  of  Girard  turbines  in  use  at  Chaux  de  Fonds.  156 

Jonval  turbines  in  use  at  Genoa,  III .  156 

Estienne  telegraph  system,  iv . 101 

Estimated  and  actual  cost  of  exposition  buildings,  operations,  etc,  i .  215 

Eucalyptus  globulus  at  Monaco,  v .  116 

Euchlama  luxurians  as  a  forage  plant,  v .  56 

European  dietaries,  v . 808 

Euston,  Alex.,  statistics  of  castor  bean  industry,  v .  663 

Evrard,  Alfred,  process  for  tempering  steel  plates,  with  tests,  iv .  264 

Exhibitors,  circular  of  announcement  to,  (Appendix  i),v .  851 

in  retrospective  exhibit  of  French  art,  II .  98 

Painters  in  oil :  David,  Manet;  Daubigny,  C.  F. ;  Courbet,  Fromentin,  Cabanel,  Bras- 
cassat,  Baudry,  Drolling,  Mme.  Lebi’un,  Vernet,  Watteau,  Prudehon,  Girodet,  Gerard, 

Gros,  Guerin,  Ingres,  Coignet,  Gericault,  Corot,  Delaroche,  Delacroix,  Isabey,  Diaz, 

Troyon,  Rousseau,  T.;  Millet,  Muller,  Couture,  t)e  Neuville,  Regnault.  Bastien  Lepage, 
Dechamps,  Dupre,  Bonheur,  Bonnat,  Bouguereau,  Breton,  Carolus- Duran,  Cazin, 
Chaplin,  Collin,  F.  Cormon,  Dagnan-Bouveret,  Detaille,Duez,  Frangais,  Gerome,  Gervex, 
Harpignies,  Herbert,  Henner,  Humbert,  Laurens,  Lefebvre,  Lhermitte  Luminas,  Maig- 
nan,  Meissonier,  Morot,  Pelouss,  Pointelin,  Puvis  de  Chavannes,  Roll,  Tattegrain, 

Weber,  Ziem,  Zuber,  Barrias.  Bloch,  Bordes,  Boutigny,  Bramtot,  Brouillet,  Carriere, 
Chartran,  Chigot,  Clairin,  Dawant,  Delahaye,  Dubois,  Ferrier,  Friant,  Geoffroy,  Giaco- 
motti,  Gilbert,  Giradot,  Humbert,  Jean-Nicot,  Krug,  Lagarde,  Le  Blant,  Le  Poittevin, 

Lesur,  Maillard,  Merson,  Montenard,  Moreau  de  Tours,  Perrandau,  Perret,  Roche- 
gosse,  Roy,  Saintpierre,  Tissot,  and  Weerts. 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


497 


Exhibitors,  etc. — Continued.  Page. 

Painters  in  water  colors  and  drawings:  Barye,  Baudry,  Boilly,  Coignet,  Courbet,  Cou¬ 
ture,  Doumier,  David,  Decamps,  Delacroix,  Dutertre,  Fragonard,  Garvarni,  Gerard, 
Gericault,  Grandville,  Ingres,  Isabey,  Johannot,  Millet,  de  Neuville,  Prudehon,  Regnault, 

A.  Vernet,  Watteau. 

Sculptor:  Houdon. 

Architectural  draftsmen:  Brougniart,  Cassas,  Fontaine,  Baltard,  Percier. 

Engravers,  lithographers,  and  etchers:  Bonnat,  Flameng,  Achille  and  Jules  Jac- 
quet,Meissonier,  Bouvin,  Corot,  Daubigny,  Decamps,  Delacroix,  Jacquemart,  Manet, 


Proudehon,  T.  Rosseau. 

Exhibitions  of  live  stock,  report  of  C.  V.  Riley  and  Amory  Austin,  v .  461 

Exhibits  of  the  city  of  Paris  in  hygiene  and  public  charities,  report  of  W.  H. 

Chandler,  ph.  D..  II . .  .  757 


General  hospitals,  special  hospitals,  school  of  midwifery,  asylums  and  houses  of  ref¬ 


uge,  establishments  of  general  service. 

Expenditures  of  Foreign  Commissions  at  Paris,  i . .  222 

United  States  Commission,  i .  455 

Experiment  stations — 

Act  of  1887,  v .  820 

Bill  establishing,  v .  817 

Chronology  of  organization^ .  846 

Establishment  by  various  States,  v  .  819 

Financial  condition  of,  v .  821 

Great  value  of ,  v . 821 

National  aid  for,  v .  819 

Number  of  workers  and  revenues  of,  v .  847 

Officers  of ,  v .  821 

Experimental  farms,  stations,  etc,v .  154 

Explosives,  report  of  Prof.  Spencer  B.  Newbury,  H .  604 

Gunpowder,  gun  cotton,  explosives  containing  nitroglycerine,  explosives  containing 
other  organic  nitro  compounds,  dynamite. 

Export  and  product  of  cotton,  v .  805 

corn,v . 802 

hog  products,  v . 805 

wheat,  v .  803 

Exports  from  the  United  States  of — 

Copper  from  1867.  i .  392 

Domestic  merchandise,  1887-’88,  v  .  807 

Fresh  beef,  v  . 804 

Lead,  from  1867,1 . 397 

Mineral  oils  in  1887-’88,i .  409 

Roofing  slate  in  1887-88,  1 .  412 

Silver  in  1887-88  to  China,  Japan,  The  Straits,  etc.,  i .  422 

Extent  of  art  influence  in  France,  ii .  . .  10 

Faba  vulgaris,  cultivation  in  France,  v .  66 

Fairs,  butchers’,  v .  152 

regional,  v . 152 

Farcot’s  centrifugal  pumps  at  Kahtetbeh,  Egypt,  hi .  181 

engines,  ill . 104 

Farm,  model,  of  M.  Armand  Moissant,  v .  231 

Farm  animals,  improvement  of,  V. . .  .  ....  .  804 

increase  of ,  v . . 803 

buildings ,  v .  95 

H.  Ex.  410 - 32 


498 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Farm  improvements  and  agricultural  work,  report  of  C.  A".  Riley  and 

Amorv  Austin,  hi . 231 

labor,  average  wages  of ,  v . .  ...  807 

machinery,  v .  265 

products,  increase  of  values,  v  . . .  806 

prices  of .  806 

Farms  for  experimental  purposes, v .  154 

in  United  States,  size  of ,  v .  797 

Faure,  M.  Pierre  P.,  exhibit  of  porcelain  machines,  hi  .  46 

Fay,  J.  A.  &  Co. ,  exhibit  of  wood-making  machinery,  in .  44 

Federal  polytechnic  school,  Zurich,  Switzerland,  construction  of  laboratories 

of ,  ii . 705 

Fermented  drinks,  report  of  Charles  McK.  Loser,  iv .  721 

Fernow,  B.  E.,  report  on  forestry  of  the  United  States, v .  743 

Ferranti  dynamo,  iv . 46 

Ferro-silicon,  uses  of,  n . . .  429 

Fertilizers — 

Distributers  of,  v . 271 

Exhibitors  of ,  I . 410 

Importation  of  guano,  1887-’88,  1 .  410 

Of  organic  or  mineral  origin,  report  of  Prof.  Spencer  B.  Newburry,  n. . .  671 

Natural  phosphates,  bone  phosphates,  basic  slag  fertilizer. 

Production  of  phosphate  rock  in  South  Carolina,  1877-78, 1  .  410 

Eetticus,  frequently  on  market,  v .  657 

Feves,  cultivation  of,  in  France,  V . .  66 

Eetu,  Deflze  &  Co.’s  key-seating  machine,  hi .  342 

Fibers,  textile,  of  the  United  States,  report  of  Chas.  Richard  Dodge,  v .  695 

Field  crops,  range  of,  as  vegetables,  v . . .  640 

trials  of  machinery,  report  of  C.  V.  Riley,  v .  265 

Fields,  experiment,  v . 154 

Figs— 

Cultivation  at  Monaco,  v .  116 

Exhibit  of ,  v .  44 

Raised  in  South  and  in  California,  v .  684 

Used  to  make  preserves,  v .  684 

Figure  painters  of  France,  n .  37 


Benjamin  Constant,  Jean  Beraud,  P.  Albert  Besnard,  A.  William  Bouguereau,  Jules 
Breton  Pascal,  A.  J.  Dagnon-Bouveret.  Edouard  Detaille,  Edouard  M.  G.  Dubufe,  Er¬ 
nest  Duz.  Henri  Gervex,  Jean  Jacques  Henner,  Jean  Paul  Laurens,  S .  B .  Lavastre,  Leon 
a  Lhermite,  Albert  Maigaan,  Victor  Marec,  J.  L.  Ernest  Meissonier,  Aime,  Morot, 
Puvis  de  Chevannes,  J.  Francois  Raffaelle,  Alfred  Roll,  Joseph  Weucker. 


Filters  used  in  wine-making,  v . .  , .  397 

Fine  arts,  report  of  Rush  C.  Hawkins,  commissioner,  II .  3 

Finland — 

Agricultural  instruction  in,  v .  213 

Exhibits: 

Agriculture,  v . .  121 

Maps  and  apparatus,  ii.  . .  190 

Printing  and  books,  n . 154 

Schools,  ii .  128 

Scientific  instruments,  ii .  182 

Finnish  painters  in  the  art  department,  ii .  74 

A.  Edelfelt,  A.  Jarnefelt. 

Fire  annunciators,  iv .  133 

Firminy  Steel  Company  (Loire)  exhibit  of  war  material,  iv .  333 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


499 


Page. 

Fishway,  movable,  at  Port-Mort  dam  on  the  Seine,  m  . . .  610 

Flax — 

Causes  for  decrease  in  manufacture  of,  v . . .  714 

Cultivation  of,  abandoned  in  Algeria,  v .  86 

Exhibit  of  ,  v. . . .  712 

In  Roumania,  v .  120 

Statistics  concerning  product,  v .  713 

Uses  of  fiber  of,  v .  713 

Yield  of,  in  Holland,  v .  113 

Flax  culture,  history  and  methods  of.  in  France,  report  of  Chas.  Richard 

Dodge,  II .  493 

industry  in  Belgium,  report  of  Charles  Richard  Dodge,  n .  508 

Lefebre  process,  without  retting,  II .  513 

Van  Mullem  &  Desevarte  system  of  retting,  n .  513 

Flax  and  hemp  industry  in  France,  report  of  Charles  Richard  Dodge,  n .  493 

Flour  milling,  iv .  516 

Fluted  scale,  progress  in  controlling,  v .  606 

Food  adulterations,  v . 783 

plants,  families  to  which  they  belong,  v .  639 

substances,  vegetable,  list  of  exhibits,  v .  861 

Forage  beets,  statistics  of,  v .  60 

varieties  raised  in  France,  v  . .  .  70 

Forage  plants — 

Alfilaria,  v .  739 

Bermuda  grass,  v . 739 

Bur  clover,  v .  739 

Cow  peas  ,  v .  739 

Crab  grass,  v. .  1 .  739 

Cultivated  in  France,  v .  55 

Indian  corn,  v .  738 

Japan  clover,  v .  740 

Miscellaneous,  v .  740 

Of  the  United  States,  cultivated,  v .  .  737 

Spontaneous  ,  V .  739 

Texas  millet,  v .  738 

Forage  plants  and  grasses  in  the  United  States,  report  of  George  Vasey,  v . .  . .  .  735 

presses,  v .  303 

Foreign  commissions,  general  list  of,  1 .  77 

expenditures  of,  in  Paris,  I .  222 

countries  represented,  appropriations,  space  occupied,  etc. ,  i .  220 

trade  of  the  United  States,  1887-88,  v .  807 

Forests — 

Botany  of,  v .  748 

Culture  of,  v .  756 

Exhaustion  of,  v .  776 

Growth  and  industry,  products  of,  n .  646 

Utilization  of,  v .  763 

Forestry — 

Directorship  of,  in  France,  v  .  163 

Exhibit  of  autumn  leaves,  V .  777 

from  Tunis,  v .  92 

Instruction  in,  v . 173, 192 

In  the  United  States,  report  of  B.  E.  Fernow,  v .  747 


500 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Forestry — Continued.  Page. 

List  of  exhibits,  v .  876 

School  at  Nancy,  v .  192 

Fougerat’s  Basculeur,  hi .  297 

Foundation  for  jetties  at  La  Pallice,  port  of  Rochelle,  hi .  736 

Four-spindle  valve  milling  machine,  hi .  351 

Fowl  Meadow-grass  ( Poa  serotina ;),  v . 737 

Fowls,  varieties  exhibited,  v .  471 

Fox’s  corrugated  boiler  flues  and  furnaces,  in .  311 

machine-flanged  plates,  hi .  311 

France — 

Agricultural  colonies  of,  V . 169 

inspection  in,  v .  163 

institutions  of,  v . 141, 161, 167 

instruction  in,  V .  . L  .  161 

table  of,  v . .  171 

statistics  of,  v .  162 

Art  in,  II .  10 

Ecoles  maternelles  (kindergartens)  in,  II . 107 

Exhibits: 

Agriculture,  v . 35,141,176 

Apiculture,  v .  434 

Artistic  metal  work,  n . 315,318 

Gaget  Gauthier,  Marron  of  Rouen,  Thiebaut  freres,  Society  anonyme  des  Hauts- 
Fourneaux  et  Fouderes  du  Yal  d’Osue,  Ringel  d’lllzach. 

Ceramics,  n . .299,  302,  304, 305 


Galle  of  Nancy,  Deck  of  Sevres,  Clement-Massin,  Montagnon,  Hache,  Jullien 
&  Co.,  Haviland  &  Co.,  Redon,  Dartout,  Bousard,  Facchina,  Guilbert,  Martin 
Bapterosse,  “  ficole  Frangaise  de  Mosaique,”  M.  Gillet,  Muller,  Loebnitz,  Par- 
ville.  Freres,  “L’Union  Ceramique  et  chaufourniere  de  France.  ” 

Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products,  II . 540,675 

A.  Boude  &  Son,  Raffineries  de  Soufre  Meridionales,  Louis  Chambon’s  Son, 

Louis  Esmieux,  Etablissement  Kuhlman,  Pilon  Bros.  &  Buffet,  A.  Labarre  & 

Co.,  Societe  Marseillaise  de  Sulfure  de  Carbone,  Frederic  Hernbel,  F.  Desmonte’s, 
Lemaire  &  Co..  Compagnie  d’ Exploitation  des  Min6raux  de  Rio-Tinto,  Societe 
des  Manufactures  de  Glaces  et  Produits  Chimiques  de  Saint  Gobain,  Societe 
Anonyme  de  Produits  Chimiques,  Societe  Anonyme  des  Usines  des  Produits  Chi¬ 
miques,  d’Hautmont,  Society  Anonyme  des  Yerreries  et  Manufactures  de  Glaces 
d’Aniche,  Doguin  &  Co.,  Agobel  &  Co.,  Pechiney  &  Co.,  Solvay  &  Co.,  E.  A. 

Billaut,  L.  Marquet  de  Vasselot,  Brigonnet  &  Naville,  Paul  Moreau  &  Co.,  Poulenc 
Bros.,  A.  Roques, Paul  Rosseau  &  Co.,G.  De  Laire  &  Co.,  Delval  &  Pascalis,  J.  E. 

Paul  Morguerite  Delarcharlonny,  C.  E.  Noel,  Pommier  &  Co.,  C.  Arnold,  Ch. 

Dubois,  Administration  des  Mines  de  Bouxwiller,  A.  Carof  &  Co.,  H.  Levasseur, 

Glaziot  Bros.,  Dela  Cruse  Trewoedal  Bros.,  Le  Gloahee,  G.  Derrien,  C.  Camus 
&  Co.,  Kestner&  Co.,  A.  M.  Tneurier,  Pierre-Benite,  C.  Glaudon,  Veuve  Cb.  Decle 
&  Co.,  E.  Porion,  Holden  &  Son,  P.  Houzeau  &  Co.,  M.  Passy,  G.  S.  Chauvel, 
L’Eresque,  Blouche  &  Triouleyre,  A.  Parlier,  M.  Cerckel,  Doix,  Mulaton  &  Wolf, 

Mante,  Legre  &  Co.,  E.  Beau,  Society  Generale  pour  la  Fabrication  de  la  Dyna¬ 
mite,  Societe  Anonyme  de  Dynamite  de  Mapagne,  Coiquet  &  Co.,  Joudrain  &  Co., 

Gigodot  &  Laprevote,  E.  Hatton,  Jocquand  &  Son,  Morel  &  Georget,  Tatin  Bros., 

J.  Durand,  Son  &  Co.,  E.  Lacour,  Baron,  Charles  Morel,  A.  de  Milly,  E.  Asselin, 

E.  Calvet  &  Co.,  Tessier,  Huyard  &  Co.,  Petit  Bros.,  Michaud  Bros.,  D.  Leca  & 

Co.,  Poulet,  Son  &  Co.,  Charles  Roux’s  Son,  Stearinerie  Frangaise,  Exposition 
Collective  des  Stearineries  Savonniers,  A.  Dbcourdemauche  &  Co.,  Torrilhon  & 

Co.,  Societe  Generale  des  Telephones,  India  Rubber  Co.  of  Paris,  Hutchinson  & 

Co.,  Menier  &  Co.,  F.  Cassassa,  Son  &  Co.,  Frangois  Grellou  &  Co.,  C.  Guibal, 

Baptst  &  Hamet,  A,  Croulard,  Lefranc  &  Co.,  E.  Hardy-Milori,  Ringaud,  Meyer 
&Co.,  Mme.  Veuve,  Edouard  Rommel,  Lorilleux  &  Co.,  Parquin,  Gauchery, 
Zagar.o\vski  &  Laehiche,  Legros,  Piat  &  Leau,  C.  Expert-Besancon  &  Co.,  L. 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


501 


France— Continued. 

Exhibits — Continued. 

Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products — Continued.  Page. 

Fauve,  Levainville  &  Rambared,  Th.  Lefebre  &Co.,  Jlrae.  Veuve  Tassy  de  Mont- 
luc,  Desckamps  Bros..  Vieux-Jean  d'Heurs,  E.  Guimet,  G.  W.  Dorneman,  F. 
Richter,  L.  Robelin,  G.  Chalmel,  L.  Dida,  Hartog  &  Co.,  M.  R.  Schmidt,  Societe 
Anonyme  des  Gommes  Nouvelles  et  Vernis,  Societe  Frangaise  de  Produits  Phar- 
maceutiques,  Adrian  &  Co.,  Egrot,  A.  Billault,  Compagnie  Parisienne  des  Cou- 
leurs  d’Aniline,  Brigonnet  &  Naville,  Chassaing  &  Co.,  J.  A.  Chassevant,  C.  J. 
Desnoix,  L.  Frere,  H.  Fournier  &  Co.,  Genevoix  &  Co.,  P.  M.  Petit,  Society  du 
Traitement  des  Quinquinas,  French  pharmacists  (collective),  Chas.  Hoffman,  G. 
Coutela,  Boulfroy  &  Co.,  A.  Richard  &  Bro.,  L.  Roguier,  Desmaris  Bros.,  A. 
Deutsch  &  Sons,  Pluch  &  Co.,  Societe  Anonyme  des  Huiles  Minerales  des  Colom- 
bes,  Nazarian  Bros.,  Niquez’s  Son,  Profit  &  Neveu,  L.  Mougenot,  Delique  Bros., 

A.  Barigny,  O.  Ballton  &  Co.,  J.  Drouillet  &  Son,  J.  P.  Brun  &  Son,  Societe  des 
Lieges  d’Edong,  Bourgogne  &  Co.,  Maurel  &  Prom,  P.  Morchond  &  Bros.,  Rene 
Callette,  A.  Deutsch  &  Sons,  Durand  Huguenin  &  Co.,  Gilliard-Mounet  &  Cartier, 

J.  Ruch  &  Son,  Soci6t6  Anonyme  des  Matieres,  Colorantes  et  Produits,  Chimiques 
de  St.  Denis,  M.  THernute,  Count  de  Chardounet  Corbeau  Gruel  &  Ferret,  A.  Do- 
mange,  T.  Sueur  &  Son,  C.  Floquet  &  Son,  Guillon  &  Son,  E.  H.  Holley,  Lefeore- 
Josset,  Frerat  &  Goussard,  D.  Soyer,  E.  Berthier  &  Co.,  Paul  Dessaily  &  Co.,  T. 

Collat,  Lefort,  Societe  Anonyme  des  Produits  Chimiques  Agricoles,  Compagnie 
de  St.  Gobain,  Acieries  du  Nord. 


Clocks  and  watches,  n .  321 

Gamier,  Haas,  BrSguet,  Scheoob  &  Bro.,  ficole  de  Cluses,  liteote  de  Besaucon, 
iScole  d’Horlogerie  de  Paris. 

Decorated  papers,  n .  309 

Isidore  Leroy  &  Son,  Messrs.  Hoock,  M.  Romain,  M.  Petitjean,  M.  Paeon,  M. 

Cadot,  Jeune,  M.  Tallott,  M.  Jouanny,  Gillou  &  Son. 

Director  of  Superior  Education  and  of  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruc¬ 
tion  and  Fine  Arts,  ii .  .  137 

The  Sorbonne,  Lyons  Museum  of  Nat.  History,  Ethnographic  Museum  of 
France. 

Drawing  and  modeling,  II .  159 

Chambre  Syndicate  de  la  Gravure  of  Paris,  Bouasse-Lebel,  Massin,  Durand, 
Desmarest,  Engelmun,  Fleuret,  Hautecouer,  Jeandraut,  Libart,  Miss  Montckar- 
mont,  Poilpot,  Wochter,  Miss  Zilhorst. 

Furniture  and  accessories,  ii .  291 

Galle,  of  Nancy. 

Gas  lighting,  ii  . . . .  .  326 

uLa  Societe  Technique  de  l’lndustrie  de  Gaz,1'  Renard,  Hubert  &  Co.,  Bour- 
rey,  Wenham  Company. 

Goldsmiths’  and  silversmiths’  work,  ii  . . .  . . .  313 

Froment-Meurice,  Christofel  &  Co. 

Heating  apparatus,  ii .  323 

Stoves,  by  Cade;  furnaces,  by  Geneste-Herscher,  Godillot;  hot  water,  by  Cuan; 
steam,  by  Chibout,  Fouche,  Geneste-Herscher,  and  Grouveile;  range,  by  Bou- 
gnodet  &  Gamier. 

Insects,  v . 440 

Maps  and  apparatus,  ii . 183 

Villard  &  Cotard’s  globe,  charts  of  the  city  of  Paris,  charts  of  other  cities  of 
France,  maps  of  France  and  of  Europe,  Coronelle's  Celestial  Globe. 

Medicine  and  surgery,  ii  ...  .  .  172 


M.  Matteieu,  Pradel  &  Paguignon,  Robillon,  Wickham,  Voibbellier,  Sandras, 

Falrich,  Le  Gouidee,  Martin,  Osselin,  Geneste-Herscher  &  Co.,  Friese,  Froger, 
Gauttard,  Duthiel,  Dumez,  Choquort  &  Penchot,  Dr.  Anzoux,  Carne,  Yvon  & 

Berlioz. 

Meteorological  methods  and  instruments,  ii .  240 

Montsouris  municipal  observatory,  M.  Descroix,  chief,  city  of  Paris;  Richards 
Bros.,  including  the  observatory  on  Eiffel  tower;  Parenthon  &  Co.,  A.  Berthelmy, 

H.  Enon,  Ph.  Pellin,  E.  Ducretet  &  Co.,  Alph.  Huetz,  L.  C.  Baudin,  J.  Tonnelot, 

G.  Raymond,  Naudet  &  Co.,  Pertuis  &  Son,  M.  Renaut.  T  Hue,  F.  Perillat,  Ch. 
Bourdon,  Golaz  &  Son,  Physical  Laboratory  of  the  Sorbonne,  Chateau  &  Son, 
Alvergniat  Bros.,  A  Baserga,  J.  Boulan. 


502 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


France — Continued. 

Exhibits — Continued.  Page. 

Microscopes,  n . . 228 

J.  A.  Nachet,  Bezu-Hausser  &  Co.,  Verick  &  Hiassnie,  Moreau-Teigne. 

Musical  instruments,  II .  167 


E.  &  J.  Abbey,  Cavaille-Coll,  organ  Society  of  the  Alexandres,  Rodolphe, 

Merklin  &  Co.,  Erard  &  Co.,  Thibouville-Lamy,  Richard  &  Co..  Mustel,  Meyer- 
Marix,  Dumont  &  Lelievre,  Cottins  &  Tailleur,  Christophe  &  Etienne,  Herouard 
Bros.,  Thibouvilles,  Paquette  Bros.,  Jacquot  &  Son,  Eugene  Henry,  General 
Association  of  Work  people,  Berson. 

Printing  and  books,  II .  150 

Cohn  &  Co.,  Delalain  Bros.,  Gauthier- Villars  &  Son,  Firmin-Didot  &  Co.,  Gruel 
&  Engelman,  Hetzel  &  Co.,  Jouvet  &  Co.,  Henri  P.  Laurens,  Moguier,  Plon 
Nourrit  &  Co.,  Reinwald,  Testard  &  Co.,  Burdin  &  Co.,  of  Angiers,  Cogniard  of 
Rouen,  Jacquot  of  Nancy,  Privat  of  Toulouse,  Th6gard  fils  of  Dourdan. 


Products  of  hemp,  flax,  etc.,  ii . .  347 

J.  Casse  &  Sons,  “Cauftoir  de  1’ Industrie  Liniere,11  Saint  Bros.,  Carmichael 
Bros.  &  Co.,  M.  Cauvin-Yoose,  Simonnot,  Goddard  &  Co  . 

Railway  rolling  stock,  in . 450 

Scientific  instruments,  n .  177 

M.  Gautier,  Society  of  Opticians,  Richards  Bros.,  Yericke  &  Stiassnie,  Madam 
Pi’ince,  Perteers  &  Son,  Nachet,  minister  of  public  works,  Bardon,  Secretan, 

Mignot,  Chateau  &  Son,  Vesly. 

Sericieulture,  v . 430 

Stationery ,  etc . ,  ii .  156 

Abadie  &  Co.,  Cawley  &  Henry,  Mine  Ausedat,  Blanchet  Bros.  &  Kleber,  Bloch, 
Bourgeois,  Chouanard,  Dagron  &  Co.,  Darbay  &  Son,  Forest- Vincent  &  Son, 
Francois,  Gilbert  &  Co.,  Haro  Bros.,  Mary  &  Son,  Pitet. 

Tapestry,  carpets,  etc.,  ii . .  306 

Gobelin  and  Beauvais  tapestry  manufactories,  Braquenie  &  Co.,  Hamot,  Sal- 
landrouze. 

Technical  instruction,  ii .  194 

Conservatoire  des  Arts  et  Metiers  of  Paris,  Central  School  of  Arts  and  Man¬ 


ufactures,  national  schools  of  mines  and  of  bridges  and  roads,  national  schools 
of  arts  and  trades  at  Aix,  Angiers,  and  Chalons-  sur-Marne,  National  Apprentice 
School  of  Delleys,  Algeria,  National  School  of  Clicks  of  Cluses,  chamber  of  com¬ 
merce,  High  Commercial  and  Industrial  School  of  Bordeaux,  apprentice  schools 
for  wagon  and  carriage  makers,  “Elisa  Lemonnier”  schools,  Paris  Free  Pro¬ 


fessional  Schol  of  Design  and  Molding. 

Telescopes,  n . . 222, 226 

Henry  Bros.,  Paul  &  Prosper  Bardon,  Secretan,  Lutz  Gautier. 

Exhibit  and  statistics,  by  M.  Morel,  director  of  secondary  instruction,  n.  130 
College  of  St.  Barbara,  Delagrove,  Carne,  Bazin  &  Co.,  Croizemarie  Rosseau  &  Co., 
Sozanne,  Miss  Parent. 

Extent  of  art  influence  in,  n  . . . .  10 

Figure  painting  in,  n  .  37 

History  of  technical  instruction  in,  ix.  .  193 

Institute  of ,  n .  28 

Landscape  painting  in,  n .  33 

Ministry  of  agriculture  in,  v. . . .  .  161 

Museums  of,  v .  189 

National  manufacturers  of ,  n .  31 

Gobelins,  Mosaics,  Sevres. 

Portraiture  in,  li .  35 

Provincial  schools  of  art  in,  n .  28 


Amiens,  Bordeaux,  Bourges,  Calais,  Dijon,  Lille,  Lyons,  Marseilles,  Montepellier, 
Nancy,  Nice,  Rouen,  St.  Etienne,  Turcoing,  Toulouse,  Valenciennes. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


503 


France— Continued.  Page. 

Sculptors  of ,  II . .  45 

M.  L.  E.,  Albert  Lefevre,  Paul  Aub6,  Alfred  Boucher,  Auguste  Cain,  Jules  Daloce, 

Paul  Dubois,  Leon  Fagel,  J.  A.  J.  Falguiere,  Emmanuel  Fremieb,  Adrien  Gaudez, 

Claude  G.  B.  E.  Guillaume,  Antonio  Mercie,  Auguste  Rodin,  Rene  de  Saint  Morceaux, 

Jean  Turcan. 

System  of  art  education  in,  II .  . .  23 

Franklin,  W.  B.,  commissioner-general — 

Delegates  to  International  Congresses  appointed  by  i .  451 

Letter  of  instructions  to,  i . .  .  xi 

Letter  to  Secretary  of  State,  estimate  of  appropriation,  i .  xix 

transmitting  official  report,  i .  xxi 

Official  report,  i . 1 

Staff  of ,  i .  75 

Frean,  Prof.  H.,  views  of  United  States  agricultural  exhibits,  v  .......... .494, 887 

French  artillery  exhibit,  iv . .  . .  .  .  278 

cavalry  exhibit,  iv . 278 

French  colonies  exhibits — 

Agriculture,  v . 98 

Furniture  and  accessories,  II .  .  293 

Insects,  v  .  . . .  .  441 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n . . .  188 

Superior  education,  II . 144 

French  Edison  Company’s  dynamo  and  motor,  iv .  35 

Swan  incandescent  lamp,  iv .  64 

French  railway  rolling  stock  exhibits — 

Compagnie  B6na-Guelma  (Algeria-Tunis),  in. . 463 

des  Chemins  de  Fer  du  Nord,  in .  459 

Sud,  ill .  461 

Internationale  des  wagons  lits,  ill .  . .  462 

Paris  and  Orleans  Company,  hi  .  468 

Lyons  and  Mediterranean  Company,  hi .  450 

Societe  Anonyme  Internationale,  hi .  462 

Gen6ral6  des  Chemins  de  Fer  Economiques,  in . . .  463 

Special  motors,  in . 464 

Western  Company,  in  .  438 

Woolf  engine,  in . 455 

French  general  commission,  organization  of,  i .  214 

gun  shops,  iv .  280 

French  India  exhibits — 

Agriculture,  v . 101 

Drawing  and  modeling,  II .  164 

Schools,  ii  . 129 

Pondicherry,  Martinique,  New  Caledonia,  Reunion,  St.  Denis,  Papeeti,  Tahiti. 

Secondary  instruction,  II . 136 

French  laws  and  regulations  governing  the  Exposition,  i .  183 

French  life-saving  apparatus,  instructions  in  use  of,  iv  .  .  443 

first-class  stations,  iv .  451 

second-class  stations,  iv .  438 

French  manufacturer’s  exhibit  of  wood- working  machinery,  hi  . .  . .  4 

method  of  polishing  glass,  II . 220 

national  manufactures,  II . 31 

pastelists,  n .  96 

possessions  in  Africa,  agricultural  exhibit  of ,  v .  99 

school  of  art,  technical  strength  of ,  ii  .  .  .  .  . . . . .  20 


504 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


French  war  department  exhibit —  Page. 

Administrative  arms  of  the  service,  iv . . .  285 

Subsistence,  camp  equipage. 

Manufacture  of  powder,  iv .  287 

Registering  manometer  for  pressures,  calorimetric  shell,  hydraulic  power  press. 

Medical  and  sanitary  services,  iv .  290 

Military  ballooning,  iv .  .  285 

engineering,  iv .  284 

geography  and  cartography,  iv .  .  274 

Military  telegraphy— field,  fortress,  and  light  telegraphy  and  military  signals; 
cavalry,  artillery,  gun  shops,  apparatus  for  studying  motion  of  projectiles  in  guns,  mis¬ 
cellaneous. 

French  Water-Color  Society,  exhibit  of,  n .  96 

Fresh  beef,  exports  of ,  v  . . .  804 

Frey  &  Co.’s  combined  boring  and  milling  machine,  hi .  .  821 

Fricot’s  releasing  valve  gear,  hi .  Ill 

Fruit  industry  in  United  States,  report  of  H.  E.  Van  Deman,  v .  675 

product^  estimated  value  of,  v .  675 

trees  of  Luxemburg,  v .  156 

Fruits — 

Cultivated  at  K’sar  Tyr,  Tunis,  v . . .  94 

in  Algeria,  v . 87,90 

Roumania,  v . 121 

Display  of,  from  Reunion,  v .  97 

Evaporated  and  dried,  v .  675 

Exhibits  of,  from  Portugal  and  colonies,  v .  117 

French  exhibit,  v .  86 

List  of  exhibits,  v .  862 

Miscellaneous,  v . 684 

Fumat’s  safety  lamp,  hi .  280 

Fungi,  illustrations  of,  V .  789 

Fungicide  machinery,  exhibit  of,  v .  274 

manufacture  of,  v .  29 

Fungicides,  instruments  for  application  of ,  v .  855 

Fungous  diseases  of  plants,  list  of  exhibits .  878 

report  of  B.  T.  Galloway,  v  .  789 

Furniture  and  accessories — 

Exhibits  of  Austria-Hungary,  ii  .  294 

Belgium,  ii .  298 

China,  n  .  295 

Denmark,  ii.  . .  .  294 

France,  n . 291 

French  colonies,  ii .  .  293 

Great  Britain,  n . 295 

Italy,  ii .  293 

Japan,  n  .  295 

Russia,  ii .  295 

Switzerland,  it  . . .  295 

the  United  States,  n .  296 

Number  of  exhibitors,  ii .  291 

Report  of  David  Urquhart,  jr,  n .  291 

Fusicladium  dendriticum,  apple  scab,  v .  789 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


505 


Gr. 

Page. 


Gabon  Congo,  agricultural  exhibit  of ,  v . .  ...  .  99 

Gabriel  incandescent  light,  iv .  .  65 

Galloway,  B.  T. ,  report  on  fungous  diseases  of  plants,  v .  789 

Galloway  boilers,  m .  90 

Garabit  viaduct,  in .  756 

Garlic,  cultivation  of,  in  France,  v .  83 

raised  by  market  gardeners,  v . . .  657 

Gas,  production  of,  in  France,  from  1878  to  1888,  inclusive,  ii .  328 

Gas  engines  with  electrical  ignition,  iv .  137 

lighting  apparatus,  exhibit  of  France,  n . .  326 

treatment,  for  scale  insects,  v  .  608 

Gay-Lussac  must  scale, v  .  372 

Gear-cutter  for  spirals,  hi .  337 

Geissler  &  Crook’s  tubes,  iv .  .  228 

Gelatin,  glue,  bone  black,  and  phosphorus,  II .  608 

General  chemical  products,  fine  chemicals,  etc.,  report  of  Prof.  Spencer  B. 

Newbury,  ii .  590 

Alum,  ferrocyanides  and  ferricyanides,  iodine  a  id  its  derivatives,  products  of  the 
distillation  of  wood,  alcohol,  and  potash  salts,  potash  from  beet  root  residues,  potash 
from  the  suint  of  sheep  wool,  oxygen,  miscellaneous  products. 

General  city  hospital  of  Berlin,  ii .  779 

contents  of  the  report,  I . . xxi 

General  electrical  supplies — 

Carbons,  iv .  247 

Fixtures,  iv .  250 

Hard  rubber,  iv . 249 

Porcelain  and  eartliware,iv .  249 

General  mechanics— 

Circular  of  information  for  the  jury  furnished  by  exhibitors,  ill .  74 

Classification  of  exhibits,  in .  73 

Displays  in  United  States  section  and  awards,  hi .  71 


Worthington  Pumping  Engine  Company,  grand  prize  ;  American  Elevator  Com¬ 
pany,  Armington  &  Sims,  C.  H.  Brown  &  Co.,  Crosby  Steam  Gauge  and  Valve  Com¬ 
pany,  Otis  Bros.  &  Co.,  Straight  Line  Engine  Company,  Jerome  Wheelock,  gold 
medals. 


Distribution  and  value  of  awards,  in .  72 

Gas-engine  exhibitors,  ill .  131 

Otto,  Lenoir,  Delamare  Deboutteville  &  Malandi’s  simplex,  tests  of  gas  consumption, 

Louis  Charon’s,  Ravel,  Ragot  (petroleum),  Taylor,  Griffin.  Crossley  Bros.,  Baldwin. 

Hydraulic  machinery,  in . 154 

Jonval  or  Fontaine  turbines,  Girard  turbines  in  use  at  Chaux-de-Fonds,  J.  J.  Reiter’s 
exhibit,  Brault,  Tissot  &  Gillet’s  exhibit,  Berge’s  installation  of  wheels  under  great 
heads. 

Instruments  for  measuring  pressure,  speed,  etc.,  hi .  224 

Pressure  gauges  (Bourdon’s),  Buss’s  speed  indicators  and  recorders,  steam-engine 
indicators,  water  meters  (Schbnheyder,  Thompson). 

Pneumatic  postal  dispatch,  hi .  219 

Pumps  and  pumping  engines,  in . 173 


Hand  and  power  pumps  (Ivlontrichard’s),  direct-acting  steam  pumps,  pumping  en¬ 
gines  (Worthington’s,  Wheelock’s;,  centrifugal  pumps,  Forcot’s,  Decour’s,  Nezeraux’s), 
hydraulic  rams,  (Bollee’s,  Durozoi’s  ram  pump,  W.  B.  Douglass’s,  Gould’s  Manufac¬ 
turing  Company’s  Silver  &  Deming  Manufacturing  Company’s),  hydraulic  elevators 
(Roux,  Combaluzier  &  Lepape’s  Otis,  Edoux,  Ellington). 


Report  of  C.  B.  Richards,  M.  A. .  hi .  71 

Space  allotted  to  exhibitors  of,  hi .  71 


506 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


General  mechanics — Continued.  Page. 

Steam  boilers,  hi .  76 

Sectional,  Babcock  &  Wilcox,  Root,  De  Nayer,  Roser,  Belleville,  shell,  Galloway, 

Dulac  with  Field  tubes,  Serpolet’s  steam  generator. 

Steam  engines,  hi . 98 

Exhibit  in  general,  Weyher  &  Richemond,  Farcot,  Brasseur,  Le  Couteux  &  Gamier, 

Corliss  cut-off  gear,  Bonjour,  Fricart’s  releasing  valve  gear,  De-Ville-Chatel  &  Co.  with 
Fricart’s  gear,  Sulzer,  Escher,  Wyss  &  Co.,  Carels  Bros,  compound,  in  United  States 
section,  in  British  section,  Parson’s  compound  turbine. 

Transmission  of  power  by  compressed  and  rarefied  air,  in .  211 

Popp  system,  Petit  &  Boudenot's  system. 

General  review  of  the  sixth  group — 

Allotment  of  space  in  machinery  hall,  in . .  15 

Class  48.  Mining  and  metallurgy,  in .  .  24 

50  and  51 .  Agricultural  work,  food  industries,  and  chemical  manu¬ 
factures,  in .  . . .  27 

53.  Machine  tools,  hi . .  28 

54  and  55.  Machinery  and  processes  for  the  textile  industries,  ill. . .  32 

56.  Machines  for  sewing  and  the  manufacture  of  clothing,  in .  33 

57.  Manufacture  of  articles  for  furniture  and  dwellings,  in .  43 

58.  Paper  manufacture  and  printing,  in .  47 

59.  Miscellaneous  machines,  in  . . .  55 

60.  Carriages,  wagons,  harness  work,  and  saddlery,  in .  61 

Classification,  hi . 11 

Description  of  Machinery  Hall,  ill . .  .  14 

General  character  of  the  Exposition,  in . . .  7 

Introduction,  in .  5 

Machinery  Hall ,  ill .  15 

Number  of  exhibitors  by  nations  and  classes,  in .  12 

Particulars  of  boilers  supplying  steam,  ill . .  21 

steam  engines  used  for  motive  power,  in .  19 

Prices  paid  exhibitors  who  furnished  steam,  ill . .  21 

received  for  power  furnished,  in .  20 

Space  occupied  by  exhibitors,  ill . .  13 

Geneva,  description  of  water  supply  of,  and  prices,  in .  163 

Geographic  distribution  of  principal  mineral  products  of  the  United  States,  I.  371 

Geographical  and  cosmographical  maps  and  apparatus,  ii .  183 

Germanicum,  for  poultry,  v .  54 

used  as  forage,  v . 54 

Germany,  agronomic  instruction  in,  v .  .  204 

German  exhibitors  in  Art  Department,  II .  50 

Painters:  Albert  Keller,  Wilhelm  Leibl,  Max  Lieberman,  Charles  Meyer,  Hansold, 
Frederick  Karl  von  Uhde. 

Etchers:  Karl  Koepping. 

Gerard  dynamo,  iv .  44 

incandescent  lamp,  iv .  65 

Girard  turbine,  and  applications  of,  iii . . .  154 

Gleeosporium  lindemuthianum,  v .  .  790 

venetum,  v .  791 

Glycine  hispida,  use  in  Japan,  v .  127 

Gjers’  patent  soaking  pits,  description  of ,  ii .  430 

Goa,  exhibit  of,  v  . 119 

Gold- 

Exhibitors  of,  with  notes  of  production,  yield,  and  cost,  per  ton,  i .  381 

Produced  in  the  United  States  from  1870,  i .  380 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


507 


Gold— Continued.  Page. 

Production  of,  and  value,  II .  408 

Value  of  annual  product  of  the  United  States  from  1870,  i .  380 

Gold  and  silver — 

Approximate  distribution  of  product  of,  in  1887,  and  value,  1 .  416 

Coinage  of,  at  the  United  States  mints,  in  1888,  I . .  418 

Produced  in  Mexico  from  1877  to  1888,  i .  422 

the  United  States  from  1792  to  1844,  and  value,  i .  417 

in  1887,  I . 416 

Gold,  silver,  and  copper  coinage  in  Mexico  from  1873  to  1888,  i .  423 

Gold,  silver,  lead,  and  copper — 

Produced  in  the  United  States  west  of  the  Missouri  River,  from  1870,  I.  .  420 

in  1888,  1 .  421 

Value  of  annual  product  of  the  United  States  west  of  the  Missouri  River 

from  1870,  I .  421 

Goldsmiths’  and  silversmiths’  work,  n .  313 

Gomot,  M.,  report  on  rural  assistance,  v .  510 

Gooseberry,  native  species  succeeds  everywhere,  v . .  381 

Gossypium  arboreum,  from  India,  v .  703 

barbadense,  from  Barbadoes,  v . .  ...  702 

herbaccum,  fiber  from  stalk  of,  v .  720 

Gourds,  French  exhibit  of,  V .  79 

Gour-noir  viaduct,  hi .  767 

Govoron,  syndicate  of,  against  injurious  insects,  v .  .  142 

Graft — 

Champin,  v .  334 

Cleft  or  shoulder,  v . . . .  .  332 

Cutting  or  slip,  v  .  330 

English  whip,  v  , .  333 

Fermaud,  v.  .  335 

Full  shoulder,  v .  333 

Heel,  v .  333 

Pontois,  v .  334 

Saddle,  v .  335 

Grafting  of  vine — 

Corny’s  machine  for,  v . 340 

Guillebot's  machine  for,  v . 338 

Exhibit  of  tools  for,  v . 312 

Indoor,  v .  343 

In  vineyard,  v . 342 

Nursery,  V . 343 

Petit’s  machine  for,  v .  337 

Production  of  stocks  for,  v .  330 

Richter’s  guide  for,  v .  340 

Time  for,  v .  330 

Tools  employed  in,  v .  335 

Various  methods  of,  v .  331 

Grafting  schools,  v .  344 

Grafts — 

Care  of ,  v .  342 

Hilling  up,  v .  341 

For  vine,  choice  of,  v.  .  . 330 

On  vine,  bandages  and  ligatures  for,  v .  340 

Gramme  dynamo,  iv . 40 


508 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Grand  Central  Railway  exhibit,  mixed  carriage  for  first  and  second  class 

passengers,  hi .  468 

twenty-ton  gondola  with  movable  sides,  ill .  469 

Grandean,  Leon,  views  of  the  U.  S.  agricultural  exhibits,  v . 494,887 

Grape — 

Black  rot  of,  v . 798 

Catawba,  v . 679 

Concord,  v . 679 

Crushing  of ,  v .  378 

Cultural  methods,  v . 871 

Delaware,  v  . .  . .  679 

Downy  mildew  of ,  V  . . .  .  793 

Grown  in  all  parts  of  the  United  States,  v .  679 

Influence  of  climate  upon,  v  . . . .  . . .  370 

soil  on,  v .  371 

variety  on  quality  of  wine,  v .  371 

Niagara,  v .  679 

Powdery  mildew  of ,  v . 792 

Product  of  one  acre,  v .  679 

Secondary  products  of,  V .  422 

Septosporium  on,  v .  793 

Spanish  measles  of,  v .  793 

Grape-crusher  of  G.  Pepin  fils,  v .  381 

‘  ‘  Grape  fruit,”  popular  name  for  pomelo,  v .  683 

Grape  gathering — 

At  Bordeaux,  v .  375 

Instruments  for  determining  time  of ,  V .  372 

Outfit,  v .  374 

In  Bourgogne,  v .  375 

Grapes — 

Combining  different,  V . 392 

Gathering  of ,  v . 372 

Leading  varieties  in  France,  v .  371 

Low  prices  of ,  v .  689 

Maturity  of ,  v .  372 

Picking  and  marketing,  v . .  687 

Prices  obtained  for,  in  California,  v . . . .  688 

Time  of  gathering,  v .  374 

Uses  of  husks  and  lees  of ,  v . 422, 425 

Grapevine,  new  disease  of,  in  California,  v .  689 

Grapevines,  pruning  and  training,  v .  688 

selection  of  varieties,  v .  689 

Graphic  method  of  quadrature,  hi .  885 

Graphite — 

Amount  annually  produced  in  the  United  States,  i .  406 

Exhibitors  of ,  i .  406 

Manufactured,  importation  of,  i . 406 

Where  found,  i .  406 

Gravona  bridge,  in . 798 

Gray’s  safety  lamp,  in .  280 

telautograph,  iv . 105 

Great  Britain — 

Agricultural  instruction  in,  v .  206 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


509 


Great  Britain — Continued.  Page. 

Exhibits  : 

Apiculture,  v . 437 

Art  department,  II .  74 


Painters:  L.  Alma-Tadema,  E.  Burne  Jones,  J.  P.  Calderon,  E.  Crofts,  Luke 
Fildes,  Stanhope  O.  Forbes,  Andi’ew  C.  Gow,  H.  Herkomer,  Frank  Hall,  J.  C. 
Hook,  W.  B.  Leader,  Sir  Frederick  Leighton,  Sir  John  Millais,  Henry  Moore, 
W.  Q.  Orchardson,  W.  W.  Ouless,  Alfred  Parsons,  John  R.  Reid,  Briton  Riviere, 
J.  J.  Shannon,  John  M.  Swan,  G.  F.  Watts,  J.  Meneil  Whistler.  Water-color 
artists:  J.  Aumonier,  W.  Langley,  H.  Marshall,  W.  L.  Aylie,  Alfred  East. 


Sculptors:  Sir  Frederick  Leighton,  Hamo  Thornycroft. 

Etchers:  Hoyden,  R.  W.  Macbeth,  Short,  Whistler,  and  others. 

Ceramics,  n .  300 

Brown,  Westhead,  Moore  &  Co.,  Copeland,  Doulton,  Brownfield  &  Sons. 

Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products,  n .  555 


Johnson,  Matthey  &  Co.,  Bruner,  Mond  &  Co.,  Continental  Oxygen  Company 
(limited),  Albright  &  Wilson,  Lever  Brothers,  Edward  Cook  &  Co.,  Price’s  Patent 
Candle  Company,  Bartrum  Harvey  &  Co. ,  Birnbaum  &  Sons,  G.  Cording,  Lee 
Brothers,  Nicholson  &  Co.,  J.  Mandelberg  &  Co.,  The  North  British  Rubber  Com¬ 
pany,  William  Currie  &  Co.,  Griffilks  Brothers,  Rowney  &  Co.,  Thomas  Christy 


&  Co.,  Bishop  &  Sons,  Burrows,  Welcome  &  Co.,  Clayton  Aniline  Company, 
Eglinton  Chemical  Company. 

Decorated  papers,  ii .  310 

Anoglypta  Company,  Jeffry  &  Co.,  Fisher’s  Patent  Wall  Hanger  Syndicate, 

William  Woollams  &  Co.,  Wylie  &  Lockhead. 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n .  162 

Furniture  and  accessories,  n .  295 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n .  188 

Medicine  and  surgery,  n .  176 


Gray  &  Son. 

Microscopes  and  objects,  ii . 

Ross  &  Co., Watson  &  Sons,  Pillischer. 


Musical  instruments,  n .  170 

Bishop  &  Son,  Brinsmead  &  Son,  Silvani  &  Smith. 

Printing  and  books,  n .  150 

Galignani  Library,  Oxford  University  Press,  Illustrated  London  News,  British 
and  Foreign  Bible  Society,  Augener  &  Co.,  British  Trade  Journal,  Caston  &  Co., 

Griggs,  Morgan  &  Co.,  Riviere  &  Son,  Chromo  Lithographic  Art  Studio. 

Scientific  instruments,  ii .  181 

Rein  &  Son,  Clarkson,  Pillischer,  Ross  &  Co.,  Dallmyer. 

Stationery,  etc.,  n .  157 

Windsor  &  Newton,  Gillott  &  Sons,  Mitchell  &  Alexandre,  Tetley. 

Tapestry,  carpets,  etc.,  n .  ....  .  308 

Crossley  &  Sons. 

Telescopes,  n .  224 

Dallmyer,  Pillischer. 

Great  Britain  and  colonies,  agricultural  exhibit,  v . 108 

Greece  exhibits  — 

Agriculture,  v . 112 

Apiculture,  v .  438 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n .  163 

Maps  and  apparatus,  Ii .  189 

Plan  of  Athens. 

Meteorological  section,  ii .  270 

H.  Pieroni,  of  Athens. 


510 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Greece  exhibits — Continued.  Page. 

Printing  and  books,  II  . . . . . .  . .  153 

Medicine  and  surgery,  n .  176 

Musical  instruments,  n .  170 

Scientific  instruments,  n .  182 

Schools,  ii  .  128 

Athens  Orphans  Asylum. 

Stationery,  etc.,  ii  .  .  .  . .  157 

Superior  education,  ii .  143 

Greek  art  ideas,  influence  of ,  n . .  . .  21 

sculptors  in  the  art  department,  n . . .  82 

Bounanos,  of  Athens. 

Green  peas,  price  of  earliest  product,  v .  660 

Greenwood  &  Batley’s  mammoth  lathe,  in .  352 

Griffin  gas  engine  (G.  C.  Bingham  exhibitor)  hi  . .  149 

Grinding  and  polishing  glass,  ii . 214 

Groningen  Agricultural  Society,  display  of,  v. . . . .  113 

Grosse  porcelain,  introduced  by  M.  Deck,  n .  299 

Group  I.  Classification  of,  ii .  2 

II.  Classification  of,  n .  114 

III.  Classification  of ,  n . . .  290 

IV.  Classification  of ,  n . . . .  334 

V.  Classification  of,  n .  399 

Guadeloupe  exhibits,  agriculture,  v .  104 

drawing  and  modeling,  ii .  165 

Guano  from  Cape  Verde  Islands,  v  .  .  118 

imported.  >nto  the  United  States  in  1887,  i .  410 

Guatemala  exhibits — 

Agriculture,  v .  136 

Drawing  and  modeling,  li . 163 

Insects,  v .  442 

Musical  instruments,  n . 170 

Printing  and  books,  ii .  153 

Schools,  II .  128 

Boja-Verapaz,  minister  of  public  instruction. 

Guava  grown  in  Florida,  v .  683 

rarely  grown  in  California,  v .  683 

Guiana,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v .  104 

Gum  arabic,  export  of,  from  Senegal,  V . .  98 

Gumbo,  in  market  gardens,  v .  654 

Gunnell,  W.C.,  engineer  United  States  Commission,  report,  i .  45 

Gymnosporangium  macropus ,  v . 790 

Gypsum — 

Exhibitors  of ,  i .  410 

Importation  of,  into  the  United  States  in  1887,  1 .  410 

Produced  in  the  United  States  in  1887,  I . .  410 

Where  found  in  the  United  States,  1 .  410 

Gypsum,  lime,  and  mica,  i .  410 

Gyrating  screen  for  coal,  exhibited  by  E.  B.  Coxe,  United  States,  in .  24 

H. 

Haiti,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v . * .  137 

Hams,  curing  and  inspecting,  v .  547 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


511 


Page 

Hand  and  power  pumps,  in .  173 

Haras,  conducting  horse  exhibit,  v .  473 

Hardy’s  patent  multiple  wedge  for  bringing  coal  down,  hi .  288 

picks,  ill .  288 

Haricots,  cultivation  in  Algeria,  v .  84 

Harvard  College,  agricultural  science  at,  v .  .  817 

Harvesters,  straw-binding,  V .  290 

trials  of,  v . 282,296 

Hastings,  Prof.  Charles  S. , report  on  optical  instruments  and  optical  materials, 

II  ....  . .  213 

Haupt,  Prof.  Lewis  M.,  report  on  railway  plant,  ill .  437 

Havre,  Bellot  Lock,  hi . . . .  694 

iron  wave  breaker  on  the  breakwater,  south  side  of  outer  harbor,  ill. .  700 

Hawaii  exhibits — 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n. . . . .  191 

Musical  instruments,  II  ....  .  171 

Printing  and  books,  II .  153 

Schools,  II  .  128 

Hawkins,  Rush  C.,  commissioner,  report  on  fine  arts,  n .  3 

Hay- 

Clover,  v . 739 

Exhibit,  v .  741 

Fowl  meadow  grass,  v .  737 

From  fresh- water  marshes,  v .  736 

Hungarian  grass,  v .  738 

Johnson  grass,  v. . .  738 

Kentucky  blue  grass,  v .  738 

Orchard  grass,  v  .  737 

Prairie,  v .  737 

Presses,  trials  of,  v . 282,  303 

Red  top,  v .  737 

Salt,  various  uses  of,  v .  735 

Texas  blue-grass,  v . 738 

Timothy,  v . 737 

(See,  also,  Forage  Plants.) 

Haymaking  in  the  United  States,  V .  740 

Healy  &  Co.,  exhibit  of  carriages,  award  of  grand  prize  for,  hi  .  61 

Heat  galvanometer,  iv .  199 

Heating  air  for  compressed-air  motors,  in .  270 

apparatus,  exhibits  of  France  and  of  the  United  States,  n .  323 

Heginbotham,  Joseph,  automatic  circular  rib-knitting  machine,  hi .  397 

Machine  Company’s  knitting  machine,  in .  387 

Heinrich  &  Mulberger  ampere-hour  meter,  iv . 223 

Heissler  dynamo,  iv .  47 

system  of  transmitting  electricity,  iv .  70 

Helianthus  tuberosus,  use  of,  in  France,  v . . . .  75 

Helson,  M.  Cyrique,  of  Turin,  exhibit  of,  hi .  484 

Hemp — 

Crop  by  States,  v .  711 

Culture,  history,  and  methods  of,  in  France,  n .  503 

History  of,  v .  712 

In  Kentucky,  v .  710 

Indian,  fiber  from,  exhibited,  v .  ...  722 


512 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Hemp — Continued.  Page, 

Quality  of  product,  v . . .  712 

Retting  of,  v .  . .  .  711 

Sisal,  fiber  from,  utilized,  V . .  720 

Henrion  arc  lamp,  iv . . .  59 

dynamo,  iv .  43 

Hepworth  knitting  machine,  III .  393 

Herefords,  exhibit  of ,  v . .  . .  . .  462 

Hering,  Carl,  report  on  electricity,  iv .  9 

Herodote  telegraph  system,  iv . . .  101 

Hibiscus  moscheutos,  experiments  whh,  in  New  Jersey,  v .  719 

Hides,  horse,  v . 600 

High  lift  locks  on  the  Central  Canal,  France,  hi  .  619 

Hill,  Geo.  Wm.,  report  on  cereal  products  in  United  States,  v .  619 

History  of — 

Baking,  iv .  543 

Invention  of  optical  glasses  by  Guinand,  II .  235 

Labor,  report  of  Wickham  Hoffman,  i .  125 

Preservation  of  woods,  n .  724 

Sea-island  cotton,  by  W.  A.  Clark,  v .  .  702 

United  States  agricultural  exhibit,  v . 491 

History  and  present  condition  of  agricultural  science  in  the  United  States, 

report  of  A.  C.  True,  v .  . . .  809 

Hoffman,  Wickham,  report  on  history  of  labor,  I .  125 

review  of  the  exhibition  of  social  economy,  1 .  101 

Hoffmeier  railway  tie  system,  hi .  . .  512 

Hog  cholera,  v .  551 

products,  export  of ,  V  .  805 

Hogs,  raising  and  feeding,  v . 589,553 

slaughtering  and  packing,  v .  545 

Holcus  saccharatus,  as  forage  plant  in  France,  v .  53 

sorghum,  cultivated  in  France,  v . 53 

Holland  exhibits — 

Agriculture,  v .  113 

Art  department,  n .  . .  .  .  87 

Painters  in  oil:  D.  A.  C.  Artz,  Nicholas  Bastert,  Georges  H.  Breitner,  Edouard  Frank¬ 
fort,  P.  J.  C.  Gabriel,  Joseph  Israels,  Frederick  H.  Kraemmerer,  Henry  Luyter,  Jacob 
Maris,  Anton  Mauve,  Hendrik  W.  Mesdag,  Albert  Neuberys,  William  Roelofs,  and 
M’lle.  Therese  Schwartze. 

Painters  in  water  colors :  Bock,  Bosboom,  Cate,  and  Weissenbrach. 

Ceramics,  n . 301 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n .  163 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n . 189 

Meteorological  section,  ii .  267 

H.  Ollaud,  of  Utrecht. 

Musical  instruments,  II .  170 

Printing  and  books,  II . .  154 

Schools,  II . 128 

Scientific  instruments,  II .  182 

Secondary  instruction,  II .  185 

Stationery,  etc. ,  n .  158 

Tapestry,  carpets,  etc.,  n  . 808 

“  Manufacture  Roy  ale  de  Deventer.” 

Technical  instruction,  n  . .  199 

Haarlem  School  of  Industrial  Arts  ;  Leyden  School  of  Arts  and  Trades  ;  Amsterdam 
School  of  Mechanics. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


518 


Page. 

Holsteins,  exhibit  of,  V .  463 

Hookham's  ampere-hour  meter,  IV . . .  221 

Honduras,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  V .  .  137 

Honfleur,  siphons  and  siphonage,  m . . .  715 

sluicing  basin  with  feeding  weir,  ill .  708 

Honorary  commissioners  appointed  by  governors  of  States,  i .  79 

Honors  and  prizes  in  agricultural  section,  v . .  152 

Hop  plant — 

Cultivation  of ,  v .  . 666 

Diseases  of,  v .  667 

How  propagated,  v .  666 

Insects  injuring,  v .  667 

Louse,  difficulties  in  dealing  with,  v .  605 

Hop-raising  district  of  New  York,  v . . .  667 

Washington  State,  v .  667 

Hops — 

Average  selling  price,  v .  667 

Bleaching  by  sulphur,  v . .  666 

Cost  of  production  of ,  v .  667 

Cultivation  of,  encouraged  in  Burgundy,  v .  .  237 

Exhibit  of,  v . 237 

Grades  of ,  v .  667 

Harvesting  and  drying  of,  v .  .  665 

Product  of  various  States,  v .  668 

Their  culture,  V . 9 .  664 

Varieties  of ,  v .  667 

Horsemeat  as  food,  iv . 634 

Horseradish,  cultivation  in  France,  v . . . .  75 

Hors  s,  cattle,  etc.,  increase  of,  v .  803 

exhibit  of ,  v . 473 

French  cross-bred,  v . 475 

Horticulture— 

Arrangement  of  farm  and  kitchen  garden,  iv .  838 

Cultivation  of  truffles,  iv .  853 

Exhibit  of  the  United  States,  iv .  799 

Forestry  buildings,  iv .  843 

Hothouses  and  conservatories,  iv .  ......  830 

Programme  of  exhibits  by  epochs  of  display,  iv . .  800 

Replanting  forests,  iv .  816 

Report  on,  by  David  King,  United  States  expert,  iv .  795 

Tools  used  in  forest-planting,  iv .  . , .  849 

Utilization  of  sewage,  iv .  827 

Hosiery  and  accessories  of  wearing  apparel,  n .  360 

Exhibitors  of  gloves;  manufacturers  of  Grenoble;  Trefousse  &  Co.,  Bonclat  Brothers, 
Courvoisier,  Bourgoin  &  Co.,  Francoz,  jr..  Boussard  &  Morrison,  Buscarlet  &  Son, 

Malo,  jr. 

Elastic  web  and  braces  :  Riviere  &  Co.,  Froxnage  &  Co.,  M.  Bailly,  Messrs.  Fayaud, 
Boulenger,  Ordman,  Grandjean. 

Buttons:  Messrs.  Bapterosses,  Adt  Bros.,  Anglade,  Bogriot,  Bertha  Wulveryck  & 

Servas,  Didron,  Doguen,  Lemaire  Valle,  Leprince,  Morchand  d  Bignon  Ammer  &  Co., 

Parent,  Roulinot  Brothers  &  Pradier. 

Shirts:  Seuer  &  Co.,  Colombier  Brothers,  Sell wob,  Beaumont  &  Co. 

Hosiery:  Syndical  Chamber  of  the  Hosiery  of  the  Aube.  Roanne  Manufacturers, Cou- 
turat  &  Co.,  Mauchauffe  &  Co.,  Verdier  &  Schultze,  Bouly-Lepage,  Tonuel,  Bruley 
Brothel’s,  Hirsch  &  Regley,  Reney  &  Baulet,  Quinquarlet,  Feron  &  Mortier,  Rabanis, 

H.  Ex.  410 - 33 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


514 

Hosk 

Boileau,  Messrs.  Bretonville,  Dassel,  Sumene. 

Woolen  Knitted  Work :  Roanne  Manufacturers,  Heilly-Horde,  Ducreux,  Margue 
Brothers,  Oudin  &  Millet,  Pauley-Robelin,  Saunier-Pruden. 

Fans :  Duvelleroy,  Kees,  Evette,  Ahrweiler,  Ettlinger,  Crensy,  Lepault  &  Deberghe, 

Levy,  Rodien,  Krakauer-Kreycy,  Moser,  Hugot. 

Corsets :  Farcy  &  Oppenheim,  Chaband,  Fadon,  Leprince,  Salomon,  Legrain,  Lange- 
Porcherot,  Stiegler,  Ulrichvivien,  Willinger,  Josselin,  Dacier,  Jonatte.  Prudehon,  de 
Gray  ter,  Davoult,  Pilte  &  Chapin,  Moyer,  Strouse  &  Co.,  Roth  &  Goldschmidt. 

Umbrellas,  parasols,  and  handles  :  Meurgey,  Folmer  Clogg  &  Co.,  L.  petit-Charoblet, 
Gagne-Petit,  Bon  Marche. 

Handkerchiefs :  Leon  Dennery. 

Collars  and  ties:  M.  Klotz,  Akar  &  Co.,  Bourgeois,  Laborde,  Tharel,  Legee,  Lepre- 
vost,  Marix,  Moyer. 

Jersey  fabrics :  Key  ret  &  Co.,  Le  Roy  &  Co. 

Hotchkiss  Ordnance  Company’s  exhibit  (19  pieces),  IV . .  300 

How  to  help  the  working  classes,  n .  11 

Howe,  Henry  M. ,  report  on  apparatus  and  methods  of  mining  and  metal¬ 
lurgy,  hi . . .  . .  249 

Hughes  multiplex-telegraph  system,  iv .  113 

telegraph-transmitting  apparatus,  iv  . . .  100 

Hulse  &  Co.’s  tool  exhibit,  iii .  354 

Humber  &  Co.,  exhibit  of  cycles  and  award  of  gold  medal  for,  xn .  62 

Hungarian  grass  ( Setaria  italica),  v .  738 

Hungary — 

Agricultural  instruction  in,  v .  198 

Agriculture  of,  v . 105 

Agronomy  and  statistics  of,  v .  .  153 

Exhibits: 

Agriculture,  v .  . . . 153, 198 

Cereal  and  vegetable,  v .  105 

Superior  education,  ii . . . . .  143 

Sericulture  in,  v .  433 

Hurd,  Dr.  Henry  M.,  description  of  Johns  Hopkins  hospital,  Baltimore,  xx . . .  791 

Hurre’s  combined  vertical  and  horizontal  milling  machine,  in .  321 

Hurtu  &  Hautin’s  exhibit  of  embroidering  machines,  in  .  40 

precision  tools,  ill .  323 

Husmann,  George,  report  on  viticulture  in  California,  v . .  .  688 

Huyghens,  Christian,  method  of  lens-making,  ii . . .  216 

Hydraulic  canal  left  at  La  Louviere,  Belgium,  hi .  561 

Les  Fontinettes,  France,  m. . 552 

elevators  in  the  Eiffel  Tower,  hi .  199 

punching  machine,  ill .  335 

railway  (chemin  de  Fer  Glessant),  iii .  523 

rams,  iii . 192 

works  and  pneumatic  foundation  at  Genoa,  ill .  .  722 

Hygiene  and  public  charities,  report  of  W.  H.  Chandler,  ph.  d.  ,  ii .  757 

Exhibits  of  the  city  of  Paris,  city  hospital  of  Antwerp,  general  city  hospital  of  Ber¬ 
lin,  Johns  Hopkins  hospital,  St.  Luke’s  hospital,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

I. 

Icerya,  progress  in  controlling,  v. . .  .  606 

Igname  in  Brazil,  v .  . . .  134 

Illuminated  fountains  (by  electricity),  iv . 98 

Illumination  by  gasoline  of  buoys  and  beacons,  in .  882 

Illustrations,  list  of,  in  vol.  I .  V 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


515 


Implements —  Page. 

Agricultural,  v .  304 

Forestry,  v .  304 

For  vine-culture,  v .  310 

Tunisian,  v .  91 

Imports  of — 

Copper,  from  1867,  i .  392 

Guano,  in  1887,  1 .  410 

Gypsum  in  1887,  I  . . .  ...  410 

Lead,  from  1867,  I .  397 

Manufactured  graphite,  i .  406 

Merchandise,  in  1887-’88,  v  .  807 

Zinc  and  zinc  oxides,  in  1887,  1 .  399 

Improvements  in  illuminating  apparatus  for  light-houses,  II .  233 

made  by  tenants  of  agricultural  lands,  laws  relating  thereto,  v .  515 

opinion  of  International 

Congress  on,  v .  517 

Incandescent  lamps,  iv .  62 

Incubators,  accounts  of,  v .  257 

the  Incomparable,  v .  257 

India,  French,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v .  101 

peanuts  in,  v .  674 

Portuguese,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v .  119 

India  rubber  and  gutta-percha,  n .  619 

Indian  corn  ( Zea  mays),  horse  collars  woven  from  husks  of ,  v .  723 

(See  Corn  and  Maize.) 

Indurated  fiber  ware,  v .  776 

Industrial  porcelain,  n  .  302 

Scholars’  Museum,  exhibit  of,  in  technical  instruction,  n .  194 

Influence  machine  for  generating  electricity,  iv .  228 

of  art  dealers,  n .  17 

Greek  art  ideas,  n . 21 

South  Kensington  Museum,  n .  15 

In j  urious  insects ,  v .  439 

syndicate  to  combat,  v .  142 

and  beneficial  insects  in  the  United  States,  report  of  C.  V.  Riley,  v.  603 
“  Insect  Life,”  periodical  bulletin  of  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  v. .  611 

Insecticide  machinery — 

Fixhibit  of ,  v .  274 

Manufacture  of,  v .  29 

Tested,  v . 267,274 

And  appliances,  v .  608 

Insecticides,  distributers  of,  v .  267 

list  of  exhibits,  v .  858 

recent  methods  described,  v .  607 

Insects — 

Collections  of,  exhibited,  v .  440 

Destructiveness  of ,  v .  603 

Losses  occasioned  by,  v .  604 

Injurious,  v . 142, 439 

advances  made  in  methods  for  controlling,  v .  605 

foreign,  introduced  in  United  States,  v . 603 

investigation  of,  v .  604 

literature  on,  in  United  States,  v . 604 


516 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Insects — Continued.  Page. 

Injurious,  new  facts  constantly  discovered  regarding,  v .  . . .  805 

syndicate  to  combat,  v .  142 

United  States  exhibit  of ,  v .  611 

(See,  also,  Entomology.) 

Installation  of  electric  plants,  iv . .  .  76 

Institute,  polytechnic,  at  Zurich,  v .  215 

Quinta  normal,  at  Santiago,  v . 220, 226 

National  Agronomic,  v .  173 

Royal  Agronomic,  at  Grignon,  v .  168 

Institute  of  Agronomy  at  Lisbon,  v . . .  209 

Animal  Vaccine  in  Chile,  v .  225 

Coetbo,  Y .  168 

France,  n .  28 

Magyar-Ovar  in  Hungary,  v .  198 

St.  Agneau,  v .  168 

Sericiculture  at  Gorz,  v .  197 

Institutes,  agricultural — 

At  Bahia,  v . . . : . . . 158, 218 

Gembloux,  v . 204 

Grand  Jouan ,  v .  168 

Rio  Janeiro,  v . 158 

Sergipe,  Brazil,  v .  159 

Saulsaie,v .  168 

In  Finland,  v . .  213 

Institutions  of  credit,  v .  141 

Instruction,  agricultural,  resolutions  of  International  Congress  on,  v .  518 

of  adults,  II .  117 

Instructions  to  agents  (Appendix  ii),  v .  852 

International  Button-Hole  Sewing  Machine  Company’s  exhibit,  hi .  34 

International  Congress  of  agriculture,  recommendations  of ,  v  . . . . .  505 

report  of  C.  V.  Riley  and  Amory  Aus¬ 
tin,  y  . 499 

subjects  discussed,  y .  500 

International  Congresses,  list  of,  1 .  449 

American  delegates  to,  I . .  451 

Meteorological  and  hydrological  and  climatological 

Congresses,  n .  273 

Iron — 

Exhibitors  of ,  1 .  379 

II .  .  .  418 


Fould-Dupont,  Jacob  Holtzer  &  Co.,  Compagnie  des  Fonderes  Societe  Anonyme  des 
Acieres  et  Forges  de  Firminy,  Marvel  Brothers,  Compagnie  des  Hauts-Fourneaux, 
Compagnie  Anonyme  des  Forges,  Societe  Anonyme  d’Eclairage,  Societe  des  Acieries 
de  Longwy,  Compagnie  des  Mines,  Hennebout,  Valton-Remaury,  Soci6te  Anonyme 
des  Forges  de  Franche-Comite,  Societe  des  Chaines  en  Acier  sans  Soudres,  France; 

Society  Anonyme  Mitis  Beige,  Belgium;  Gjers  Mills  &  Co.,  England;  Societe  des 
Acieries  d’Alexandrowsky,  Russia;  Society  Anonyme  de  Metallurgie  et  Constructiones, 

Spain. 

Ferrosilicon,  uses  of,  n .  429 

Gjers  patent  soaking  pits,  n . .  430 

Process  for  producing,  n .  409, 413, 415, 428, 430, 432 

Bessemer  Basic,  Clapp-Griffiths,  Robert,  Basic  open  hearth,  Mitis,  Gjers  soaking 
pits,  Oury. 

Production  of  pig  iron,  steel  rails,  nails,  etc.,  i .  379 

Products  and  shipments  of,  and  ore,  in  1886, 1887,  and  1888,  l .  378 

Silicospiegel,  uses  of,  II .  429 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


517 


Pa,-- 


Iron  Car  Company’s  exhibit,  ill .  502 

ore,  production  of,  by  countries,  II . . .  402 

oxide  plating,  iv .  152 

Irrigation  of  arid  region,  v . 798 

Italy- 

Agricultural  instruction  in,  v .  207 

Exhibits  : 

Agriculture ,  v .  114 

Art  department,  n .  82 


Oil  painters  :  Leonardo  Eazzaro,  Bartholomeo  Bezzi,  Jean  Baldini,  Filippo  Car- 
cono,  Guglielmo  Ciardi,  Angelo  Morbelli,  G.  Muzzioli,  Luigi  Nono,  Giovanni 


Segautini,  Adolf  Tommassi. 

Pastel  painter  :  Arturo  Reitti. 

Sculptor:  Eugenio  Maccagnani. 

Ceramics,  II .  801 

Cartargalli,  Salviatti. 

Furniture  and  accessories,  II .  298 

“  Besaul-Pauciera,”  Gojani  of  Florence,  Garino,  Sarfatti,  Guetta  of  Venice, 
Testolini. 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n  .  190 

Plans  of  Rome  and  vicinity,  Sicily,  Ischia. 

Musical  instruments,  ii .  169 

“  Ocarenes.” 

Printing  and  books,  II .  158 

School  furniture  and  apparatus,  II .  128 

Scientific  instruments,  II .  182 

Secondary  instruction,  II .  185 

Sericiculture,  v .  480 

Stationery,  etc.,  II .  . 157 

Superior  education,  n .  148 

Viticulture,  v .  318 


J. 


Jabiochkoff  arc  lamp,  iv . 

candle  transformer,  iv . 

Jacquemier  ampere-hour  meter,  iv . 

Japan — 

Agricultural  instruction  in,  v . 

Clover  ( Lespedza  striata),  v . 

Exhibits: 

Agriculture,  v . 

Ceramics,  n . 

Korausha,  Miyakawa,  Hioch-i-Yen. 

Decorated  papers,  n . 

Mr.  Horiki. 

Drawing  and  modeling,  II . 

Furniture  and  accessories,  n  . . . . 

Insects,  v . 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n . 

Musical  instruments,  n . 

Printing  and  books,  II . 

Schools,  ii . 


59 

51 

222 

216 

740 


127, 157 
.  302 


311 

163 

295 

442 

190 

171 

154 

128 


518 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Japan — Continued. 

Exhibits — Continued.  Page. 

Scientific  instruments,  II . . . 182 

Secondary  instruction,  n .  135 

Stationery,  etc. ,  n .  158 

Superior  education,  n .  144 

Sericiculture,  v  .  431 

Technical  instruction,  II .  198 

Japanese  dietaries,  v .  808 

methods  of  artistic  metal  work,  n .  317 

Jasper  dynamo,  iv .  .  42 

Jerseys,  exhibit  of,  v .  462 

Jewelry — 

Exhibit  of  American  precious  stones,  II .  387 

Exhibitors  of ,  II .  381 

Bapst  &  Falize,  Boas  of  Amsterdam,  Latinie,  Coutermans  of  Antwerp,  United  Dia¬ 
mond  Mines,  De  Beers  consolidated  mines,  Bulfontein  mine,  Griqua  Landwest  Diamond 
Mining  Company,  M.  Roulina,  Christofle,  Boucheron,  Vever,  Sandoz,  Teterger,  Fornet, 

Foment  Meurice  Poussielgue-Rusand,  Blais  &  Company,  P.  Brunet,  Armand  Galli'at, 

Tiffany  &  Company,  Savard  &  Son,  Topard  &  Roteau,  Col.  C.  W.  Jenks,  Mr.  Bement. 

Remarkable  specimens,  II .  386 

Report  of  George  F.  Kunz,  ii .  .  381 

Revival  of  the  Enamel  Art,  ii .  384 

Jewelry  and  precious  stones — 

Exhibitors  of,  n .  372 

Bapst,  Marrat  Brothers,  Boucheron,  Vever,  Savard  &  Son,  Topard  &  Roteau,  Tiffany 
&  Company,  Fouquet,  Rouvenat,  Gross,  Aucoc,  Moche, 

Review  of  group,  by  A.  Van  Bergen,  ii .  371 

Johns  Hopkins  Hospital,  description  of ,  by  Dr.  Henry  M.  Hurd,  n .  791 

Johnson  grass  (sorghum  halpense),  v .  . .  738 

Joly  &  Foucart’s  lever  presses  for  tiles,  in . .  417 

self-contained  continuously-acting  tile  machine,  ill .  432 

special  delivery  table  for  brick  machines,  ill .  426 

two  forcing-screw  brick  machine,  in . . .  426 

Jonval  turbine  in  use  at  Genoa,  in .  163 

Joulie,  M.,  explanation  of  system  pursued  on  farm  at  Arcy-en-Brie,  v .  530 

Judge,  E.  T.,  data  of  canning  industry,  v . . .  668 

Julien  electric  railway  system,  iv .  74 

Juneberry,  dwarf,  grows  wild,  V .  .  381 

Juries— 

Class  1  and  2,  painting  and  drawing,  n  . . .  .  106 

3,  sculpture  and  engraving  on  medals,  ii .  107 

4,  drawing  and  models  in  architecture,  II .  107 

5,  engraving  and  lithography,  ii .  107 

Jurors,  list  of,  from  United  States,  1 .  99 

Jute,  statistics  concerning  consumption  of,  v .  .  716 

tested  in  Texas,  v . .  717 

K. 

Kaki,  introduced  from  Japan,  v .  684 

Kalamazoo,  Mich. ,  noted  for  its  celery,  v . .  656 

Kale,  cultivation  of,  v .  .  656 

Kansas,  discovery  of  salt  in,  I . . .  407 

Kent  laboratories  of  Yale  College,  construction  of,  ii- .  679 

Kentucky  blue  grass  (Poa  pratensis),  v . .  738 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


519 


Page. 

Kentucky,  hemp  grown  in,  v .  .  710 

Kern,  M.  G. .  report  on  vegetable  products  of  United  States,  v .  639 

Kerosene  compounds  as  insecticides,  v .  607 

Kerrys,  exhibit  of,  v . . .  462 

Khotinsky  incandescent  lamp,  iv .  65 

Kidder  laboratories  of  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  construction 

of,  II .  . . .  699 

Kientzy  Brothers’  exhibit  of  printing  presses,  hi .  51 

Kind-Chaudron  process  for  sinking  shafts,  hi .  255 

Kindergartens  (ficoles  Maternelles)  of  France.  II .  117 

King,  David,  United  States  expert,  report  on  horticulture,  iv .  795 

Knitting  and  embroidering — 

Art  of  knitting  by  machinery,  in .  369 

Outline,  needles,  machines  (Joseph  Heginbotham,  straight-rib,  Saxony,  Abel,  Aiken, 

Lamb,  Paget,  spring-needle  circular,  Terrors  circular,  Hepworth,  Nye  &  Frederick, 

Tuttle,  National  Automatic),  fashioning. 

Embroidering  machines,  hi . . .  403 

Beninger  Brothers,  Otto  Tritschuller,  Weisendanger  &  Co.,  F.  Saurer  &  Sons. 

Knitting  machines,  hi .  365 

E.  M.  A.  Argellier,  A.  Bonamy,  Emanuel  Buxtorf,  H.  Degogeux,  F.  L.  Lemaire,  C. 

Terrot,  M.  Grammot,  H.  Sirodot,  Hantz-Nass,  Edouard  Dubied  &  Co..  D.  Haenens- 
Gathier,  Harrison  Patent  Knitting  Company,  Paget  Company,  Emile  Brochon,  Coron 
&  Co.,  Louis  Godard,  Philias  Vallee,Tatham  &  Ellis. 

Knitting  machine  in  which  the  design  is  produced  by  electrical  means,  iv. . .  147 

Knives,  penknives,  scissors,  razors,  etc.,  ii .  311 

Kohl-rabi,  raised  to  a  limited  extent,  v .  656 

K’sar  Tvr,  domain  of ,  v .  94 

Kunz,  George  F.,  report  on  jewelry,  ii .  381 

mineral  exhibits,  ii .  389 

Kyanizing  wood,  American  experiments  in,  n .  750 

D. 

Labor  and  anthropology,  general  regulations  governing  retrospective  exposi¬ 
tion  of,  i . . . . .  159 

Laboratories — 

Agricultural,  v .  147 

Agronomic: 

Berlin  for  Charbon  virus,  v .  225 

Seine-et-Oise,  v .  150 

Brewing,  v .  205 

Chemical,  construction  of,  at : 

Cornell  University,  n  .  703 

Federal  Polytechnic  School,  Zurich,  Switzerland,  ii .  705 

Kent  Laboratories  of  Yale  College,  ii .  679 

Kidder  Laboratories  of  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  ii  .  699 

Lehigh  University,  ii .  685 

Fermentation,  V .  175 

Vegetable  pathology,  v .  176 

Laces,  net,  embroideries,  and  trimmings — 

Exhibitors,  n .  356 

Noirot  Biais,  Idoux,  Reichenbach,  Roeheron,  Trev.es,  Lamperiere,  Pouteau,  Fichet, 

&  Co.,  Claire- Leproust,  Crouvezier,  Langiois,  Dielltegard,  Weber  &  Son,  Lefebure, 

George  Martin,  Compagnie  des  Indes,  Robert  Bros.,  Daveniere,  Lecomte  &  Co.,  Lepel- 
tiere,  Waree,  Neveu,  Blazy,  Poiret,  of  France;  Directoire  Commercial  de  St.  Gall,  of 
Switzerland;  Robert  West,  of  England;  Bergeran,  Jules  Lara,  Dansart,  of  Belgium. 

Review  of  A.  Van  Bergen,  n .  355 


520 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Lactocrite  for  milk  analysis,  v . . . .  256 

Lcestadia  bidwellii,  black  rot  of  the  grape,  v . . .  793 

Lafitte’s  patent  flux  plates,  hi  .  312 

Lagenaria  vulgaris,  French  exhibit  of ,  v  . .  79 

Lagerman  type-setting  machine,  hi .  51 

Lake  copper,  average  pUce  per  pound  in  New  York  from  1860,  1 .  393 

Lamb  knitting  machine,  hi .  378 

Machine  Company’s  looper,  ill .  .  402 

power  cardigan  jacket  knitting  machine,  in  .  379 

Lamont,  C. ,  tool  exhibit,  III .  .  327 

Land  grant  of  1862,  how  applied  .  816 

number  of  institutions  benefited .  .  816 

surface  of  United  States .  797 

Landscape  painters  of  France,  II .  .  34 

Cozin,  Collin,  Busson,  Benet,  Zuber,  Heilbuth. 

painting  in  France,  n .  33 

Lard,  cotton-oil,  v .  706 

grades  of ,  v .  550 

Large  milling  machine,  in .  344 

La  Societe  Anonyme  des  Ateliers  de  Construction  de  la  Meuse  of  Liege,  in  . .  473 

Latin  races,  artistic  instinct  of,  n . .  21 

Lautli,  M.,  discovery  of  “Nouvelle  porcelaine,”  n .  297 

Laveur  bridge,  hi . .  ...  .  782 

Law*s  and  regulations  governing  the  Exposition.  1 .  183 

Lead — 

Amount  annually  produced  in  United  States,  1 .  396 

Average  monthly  price  of,  at  New  York,  from  1870,  i  .  398 

Exhibitors  of  (with  notes  of  production,  cost,  etc.),  I .  398 

Exported  from  the  United  States  from  1867,  1 .  397 

Imported  into  the  United  States  from  1867,  I . 397 

Produced  in  the  United  States,  from  1873,  I . 396 

ii .  403 

Lead  and  precious  metals  produced  in  Leadville,  in  1888,  i .  396 

silver,  amount  annually  produced  in  Leadville,  from  1860,  i .  397 

rivet  fastenings  for  safety  lamps,  in  .  287 

Leaf  fibers  shown  by  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  v .  720 

vegetables  as  garden  crops,  v .  655 

Leather  — 

Alligator,  v .  601 

Calfskin,  v .  597 

Carriage,  v . 599 

Cowhide.,  fancy,  v . 597 

Enameled,  v .  598 

Formula  for  tanning  and  finishing,  v .  598 

Furniture,  V .  597 

Harness,  v .  597 

Hemlock  dry  sole,  v .  596 

Hemlock  slaughter  sole,  v .  .  596 

Horsehide,  v .  600 

Kid,  v .  599 

Lace,  v .  .  . -  600 

Morocco,  v . .  599 

Oak  sole,  v . . . s .  595 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


521 


Leather — Continued.  Page. 

Patent,  v .  598 

Production  in  America,  V .  595 

Russia,  v . 599 

Sheepskin,  v .  600 

Varieties  of,  v .  595 

Union  sole,  v .  595 

Upper,  v .  .  .  ,  597 

Leather  production  of  America,  report  of  Isaac  A.  Bailey,  v .  595 

0  work,  fancy  wooden  articles,  baskets,  brushes,  n .  331 

and  skins,  n .  667 

Sole  leather,  curriecl  leather,  enameled  leather,  morocco  leather,  tawed  leathers. 

Le  Blanc  &  Co.’s  bolt  forging  machine,  in .  326 

Le  Blon  arc  lamp,  iy .  61 

Le  Brun’s  large  milling  machine,  in .  338 

Le  Couteux  &  Garnier’s  Corliss  cut-off  gear,  hi .  107 

Leek,  raised  by  market  gardeners,  v .  657 

Legat  &  Herbert,  exhibit  of  machine  for  sewing  straw,  hi .  41 

Leguminous  plants,  suggestions  for  improvement  in  culture  of,  in  France,  v.  65 

Lehigh  University,  construction  of  laboratories,  II .  685 

Valley  Creosoting  Works,  history  of,  n .  715 

Lemons,  cultivation  in  Monaco,  v .  115 

of,  increasing,  v. . . .  .  682 

quality  of  United  States  product  equal  to  any,  v .  682 

Leinbacli,  M.  F.,  exhibit  of  paper-bag  machine,  hi .  59 

Lenoir  gas  engine,  in .  144 

Lentils,  French  exhibit  of,  v .  67 

Lepidium  sativum,  v  .  82 

Lespedza  striata,  v  .  740 

Lestophonus  iceryce,  introduced  parasite  of  fluted  scale,  v .  606 

Letters — 

Bayard,  T.  F.,  Secretary  of  State,  to  Commissioner-General  Franklin,  of 

instructions,  I .  XI 

Circular  to  governors  of  States  and  Territories,  I .  xvn 

Blaine,  J.  G.,  Secretary  of  State,  of  introduction,  i .  vil 

Blake,  W.  P.,  transmitting  report  on  mineral  resources  of  United  States 

to  Commissioner-General,  i .  366 

Franklin,  W.  B. ,  Commissioner-General,  transmitting  estimate  of  appro¬ 
priation  to  Secre¬ 
tary  of  State,  i  . .  xix 
official  report,  i.  . . .  xxi 

Riley,  C.  V.,  submitting  Part  2,  Vol.  v .  487 

Rusk,  J.  M.,  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  transmitting  Part  2,  Vol.  v .  487 

Lettuce,  extensively  raised,  v . 657 

not  much  shipped,  v . . .  660 

varieties  cultivated  in  France,  v .  80 

Lifting  bridge  at  La  Villette,  Paris,  hi .  752 

Light-house  apparatus  at  Cape  Antifer,  hi .  870 

improvements  for  use  of  mineral  oil,  iii  . .  872 

in  methods  of  illumination,  ill .  876 

at  Port  Vendres,  hi .  867 

Lightning  arrester  for  electric  lines,  iv . . .  80 

rods,  iv .  245 

Lille  school  of  arts,  n  .  29 

Lime,  exhibits  of,  i  .  411 


522 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Lime  produced  in  United  States  in  1887,  and  value,  i. . .  .  411 

where  found  in  United  States,  i .  411 

Limon  multiplex  telegraph  system,  iv .  .  ....  114 

Limes  grown  successfully  in  Southern  Florida  and  California,  v .  683' 

Linseed,  important  product  of  Argentine,  v .  131 

Lippmann  ampere  meter,  iv . . . .  214 

capillary  electrometer,  iv .  204 

lifting  ram,  in .  250 

patent  filtering  column,  ill .  249 

modification  of  the  Kind-Chaudron  process  for  shaft-sinking,  hi.  .  262 

nippers  for  shaft-sinking,  in . , .  252 

pipe  cutter,  hi . .  251 

reamer,  hi .  250 

Lippersheim’s  discovery  of  the  telescope,  ii .  216 

Liquors,  iv .  717 

Live-stock  exhibit,  report  of  C.  V.  Riley  and  Amory  Austin,  v .  461 

Lock  at  Bougival  and  its  hydraulic  working  appliances,  in .  572 

Locomotives,  table  of  general  data,  m  . .  542 

without  fire,  in .  464 

Locust,  Rocky  Mountain,  estimated  damage  by,  v .  604 

Locusts,  in  Algeria,  v .  .  439 

Lodyguine  incandescent  lamp,  iv .  65 

Long-distance  system  of  transmitting  electricity,  iv .  72 

Loser,  Charles  McK.,  report  on  fermented  drinks,  iv .  721 

Lucern,  qualities  of,  v .  55 

Luffa  cylindrica,  used  as  a  sponge,  v .  722 

Lumber,  yard  quotations,  v .  764 

Lupine,  uses  of ,  v .  55 

Lupuline,  bitter  principle  of  hops,  v .  665 

extracted  by  Lawrence  process,  v .  667 

Luxemburg — 

Agronomy  of,  v . 155 

Agronomic  instruction  in,  v .  . ‘ .  207 

Exhibits  : 

Apiculture,  v .  438 

Maps  and  apparatus,  ii .  190 

Plan  of  “Forest  of  Ardennes.” 

Printing  and  books,  n . 154 

Heintze. 

Schools,  ii .  128 

Secondary  instruction,  n .  135 

Stationery,  etc.,  n .  158 

Lamort. 

Superior  education,  n .  144 

Viticultural  machinery,  v .  314 

Ly  coper  don,  edible  truffle,  v .  41 

Lyle,  Capt.  D.  A.,  ordnance  department,  U.  S.  Army,  report  on  military  and 

life-saving  material,  iv .  261 

Lyons  Municipal  School,  exhibit  of  work  of,  n .  120 

School  of  Art,  n . 29 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


52$ 


M. 

Machines —  Page. 

Agricultural,  v . 288,300 

rules  for  trials  in  competition  of,  v .  266 

Corny ’s  grafting,  v . .  340 

For  fluting  bayonets,  hi .  319 

forming  cutters,  ill .  322 

sewing  straw,  hi .  41 

Fungicide,  v .  274 

Gendre,  v . 359 

Gendre  &  Tracy,  v .  360 

Guillebot’s,  v  . . . .  337 

Insecticide,  v .  . . 29, 274 

Mowing,  v . 282,  297 

Spraying,  v .  361 

Machine  tools — 

American  Screw  Company’s  exhibit,  hi . 29 

Awards  to  United  States  exhibitors,  in .  28 


Brown  &  Sharpe  Manufacturing  Company,  William  Sellers  &  Co.,  American  Screw 
Company,  G.  F.  Simonds,  Stiles  &  Parker  Press  Company,  American  Tool  and  Ma¬ 
chine  Company,  E.  W.  Bliss  &  Co.,  Morse  Twist-drill  and  Machine  Company,  H.  J. 
Sternberg  &  Son.,  The  Tannite  Company,  Warner  &  Swasey. 

Report  by  Prof.  John  H.  Barr,  hi .  317 

General  remarks,  Bariquand's  miscellaneous  tools,  machine  for  fluting  bayonets; 

Boney  &  Son’s  heavy  tools,  planer  for  chamfering  plates,  Dandoy,  Maillard  &  Co.’s  ver¬ 
tical  spindle  milling  machine,  drill  press,  table,  and  vise;  Frey  &  Co.’s  combined  boring 
and  milling  machine;  Hurre’s  combined  vertical  and  horizontal  milling  machine,  ma¬ 
chine  for  forming  cutters ;  Hurtu  &  Hautin’s  precision  tools,  tap-straightening 
machine,  drill-fluting  machine;  Richards  &  Co.’s  side  planer;  Le  Blanc  &  Co.’s  bolt- 
forging  machine,  nut-chamfering  machine;  C.  Lamont’s  exhibit;  Nury’s  machine 
for  punching  rails,  etc.;  Panhard  &  Lavassor’s  band  saws  for  sawing  metal,  saw 
sharpener,  circular  saws  and  jig  saws  for  metal;  Pretot’s  milling  machine;  Sainte, 

Kahn  &  Co.  ’s  emery  wheels  and  grinders,  hydraulic  punching  machine ;  The  Alsatian 
Society’s  large  tools,  gear  cutter  for  spiral  gears;  Le  Brun’s  large  milling  machine, 
pulley,  lathe,  slotting  machine;  Steinlen  &  Co.’s  exhibit,  bolt  and  nut  machine;  by  De¬ 
moor,  Belgium,  drill-grinder;  Fetu,  Defize  &  Co.’s  key-seating  machine,  special  grind¬ 
ing  machine  for  rectifying,  large  milling  machine;  American  Screw  Company’s  wood- 
screw  machines;  Brown  &  Sharpe’s  exhibit;  William  Sellers  &  Co.’s  quick-return  planer; 

Seller’s  drill  grinder;  Warner  &  Swasey ’s  monitor  lathe,  four-spindle  valve-milling 
machine;  Greenwood  &  Batley’s  mammoth  lathe ;  Hulse  &  Co.’s  tools;  Selig,  Sonnen- 
thal  &  Co.’s  wheel-too  h  cleaner  and  other  grinding  machines;  Pearn’s  lightning  tap¬ 


per;  Oerlikon  machine  works’  bevel  gear  planer. 

Review  by  C.  B.  Richards,  M.  A.,  ill.  . . .  28 

Sirnond,  Geo.  F. ,  forging  machine,  hi .  30 

Steinlen  &  Company’s  works  and  exhibit,  hi .  . . .  28 

Machinery,  farm,  v .  265 

for  knitting  and  embroidering,  hi .  365 

stations  for  trials  of,  V .  176 

Machinery  Hall,  construction  of ,  hi .  832 

description  of ,  hi .  .  14 

MacKellar,  Smith  &  Jordan  Company,  award  of  gold  medal  to,  hi .  51 

Maclura  aurantiaca,  as  silkworm  food,  v . . .  614 

Madagascar,  vegetables  in,  v  .  . . 99, 103 

Madeira  wine,  exhibit  of,  v .  118 

Magnetic  fastenings  for  safety  lamps,  in .  286 

nickel  alloy,  iv .  246 

separators  or  sorters,  iv .  95 

and  fluid  bridges  for  measuring  electricity,  iv .  226. 


524 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Magnet’s  system  of  railroad  carves,  m .  517 

Mahne’s  process  for  producing  copper,  n .  440 

Maiche  dynamo,  iv .  47 

Maize — 

Conditions  of  cultivation  of ,  v . .  51 

Crop  of  the  United  States,  v .  .  623 

Exhibits  and  cultivation  of,  v . . 51, 102, 106, 119, 124, 131, 134 

Husks  woven  into  horse  collars,  v . .  723 

In  France,  v .  53 

Mode  of  cultivation  of ,  v . .  52 

New  Caledonian  exhibit  of ,  v .  102 

Roumanian  exhibit  of,  v .  119 

Soils  best  adapted  to,  v .  52 

Varieties  of ,  v .  52 

Malissard-Toza’s  automatic  “basculeur  ”  or  dumping  plant,  in .  295 

Mallow,  fibers,  growth  of ,  v . .  718 

Indian,  experiments  with  fiber  of,  v. . . .  719 

swamp  rose,  experiments  with,  in  New  Jersey,  v .  719 

Manganese  ore,  exhibits  of,  i .  404 

production  in  the  United  States,  1887,  i .  404 

Mangel-wurzels,  cultivation  in  France,  v .  .  70 

Mango,  testing  of,  v .  684 

Manioca,  grown  in  New  Caledonia,  v .  103 

Manufacture  of  beet  sugar,  iv .  681 

cane  sugar,  iv  .  . . .  681 

powder  in  France,  iv .  287 

Maple,  spot  disease  of  ( Phyllosticta  acericola),  v .  791 

sugar,  value  of  crop,  v .  691 

where  made,  v .  691 

Maps  and  apparatus — 

Charts  and  plans  of  the  city  of  Paris,  ii  .  184 

Coronelli’s  celestial  globe,  ii .  185 

Department  of  Agriculture,  United  States,  showing  distribution  of  ani¬ 
mals  and  birds,  Ii .  186 

Exhibit  of  Belgium,  n  .  188 

France,  ii  .  .  .  183. 

Switzerland,  n .  .  187 

the  United  States,  ii .  ..  186 

Exhibits  of  various  countries,  ii . . .  188 

Greeley’s  international  weather  charts,  ii .  186 

Maps  of  France  and  of  Europe,  n .  185 

Plans  of  French  cities,  n .  .  185 

Swiss  Federal  topographic  collection,  n . .  187 

Villard  &  Cotord’s  great  globe,  n .  183 

Work  of  the  Belgian  Government,  n .  188 

Maquaire  arc  lamp,  iv .  .  .  57 

Market  value  of  certain  American  mines,  i .  418 

gardening  in  the  North,  v .  649 

South,  v .  657 

commercial  features  of ,  v .  658 

Marlatt,  C.  L.,  report  on  useful  and  injurious  insects,  v .  427 

wine-making,  v .  369 

Marly  dam  on  the  Seine,  hi .  ...  570 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


525 


Page. 

Marsaut’s  safety  lamp,  hi .  288 

Marseilles  School  of  Art,  u  .  29 

Marshes,  salt-water,  hay  product  of,  v .  735 

fresh- water,  hay  product  of ,  v .  735 

Martinique — 

Agricultural  products  of ,  v .  104 

Exhibits : 

Agriculture,  v .  104 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n .  165 

Mascart’s  electrometer,  iy .  203 

Masonry  caissons  at  the  crossing  of  the  Garonne  at  Marmonde,  in .  792 

Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  construction  of  Kidder  laboratories,  II  699 
Matches,  exhibited  by  La  Compagnie  Generale  des  Allumettes  Chimiques 

pour  la  France  et  l’Etranger,  II .  330 

Maxim-Nordfeldt  guns  and  ammunition,  exhibit  of,  iv .  383 

McCoy,  S.,  exhibit  of  pneumatic  tools,  hi .  46 

McDonald,  Alex.,  report  on  peanuts,  v .  673 

tobacco  in  the  United  States,  v .  725 

Measures  and  values,  table  of,  i .  44 

Measurements,  French,  v .  32 

Meat  industries  of  the  United  States,  report  of  H.  C.  Clark,  v .  539 

Meats,  canning,  v .  547 

Medicago  denticulata,  v  .  .  739 

sativa,  v .  739 

Medical  and  sanitary  services  in  French  army,  iv .  290 

Medicine  and  surgery — 

Exhibits  of  Belgium,  n .  174 

France,  II .  172 

the  United  States,  n . 175 

various  countries,  II .  176 

Veterinary  and  comparative  medicine,  n .  171 

Melhafa  used  in  Algeria,  v . .  439 

Meline,  Jules,  president  International  Congress  of  Agriculture,  v .  499 

Melograph  and  melotrope,  iv .  144 

Melons,  requirements  of  plants,  v .  652 

Southern  States  furnish  chief  supply,  v .  652 

varieties  cultivated  in  France,  v .  77 

Menier,  Madame,  domain  of,  v .  ....  265 

Merino  sheep  predominate  in  United  States,  v .  695 

Meritens  arc  lamp,  IV .  61 

Merriam,  C.  Hart,  report  on  economic  ornithology,  v .  779 

Merrow,  J.  M.,  report  on  machinery  for  knitting  and  embroidering,  in .  365 

Mesure  &  Nouels’  pyrometric  spyglass  for  estimating  temperatures  in  forg¬ 
ing,  iv .  264 

Metal  for  guns,  iv .  268 

Meteorology  at  the  Exposition — 

Exhibits  in  the  retrospective  section,  n .  .  . .  262 

of  France,  li .  . 240 

the  United  States  Signal  Service,  n .  263 

various  countries,  n . 264 

Report  of  A.  Lawrence  Rotch.  n .  239 

Methods  of  imparting  knowledge,  n .  ....  14 

preserving  meat  and  fish,  iv .  .  638 


526 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page- 

Methods  of  selecting  the  art  exhibits,  II . . . . . .  104 

the  bakery,  iv . . . . . . . .  548 

Metropolitan  railway  of  Paris  exhibit,  ill .  525 

Mexican  grass,  fiber  from,  utilized,  v .  . . .  720 

Mexico — 

Agricultural  instruction  in,  v .  226 

statistics  of . 187 

Coinage  in,  from  establishment  of  mints  in  1534,  I  . . .  423 

1873  to  1888, 1 .  423 

Exhibits  : 

Agriculture,  v . .  137 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n . . .  190 

Medicine  and  surgery,  II .  176 

Printing  and  books,  II .  153 

Schools,  II . , .  126 

Stationery,  etc.,  II . . . .  158 

Superior  education,  II . 143 

Technical  instruction,  n .  199 

National  Commercial  School. 

'Gold  and  silver  product  of,  from  1877  to  1888,  i  .  422 

silver,  and  copper  coinage  of,  from  1873  to  1888, 1. .  423 

Mineral  resources  of ,  I . 422 

Meyer  automatic  telegraph  repeater,  iv  . . . .  109 

Miani,  Silvestrie  et  Cie. ,  exhibit  of ,  m . . .  484 

Mica,  exhibitors  of,  1 .  411 

production  and  importation  of,  in  1887,  I  . . .  411 

uses  of ,  and  where  "mined,  1 .  410 

Michigan  Agricultural  College,  foundation  of ,  v .  815 

peach  belt,  v .  677 

Microphone  transmitter,  iv .  123 

Microscopy  and  food  adulterations,  report  of  Thos.  Taylor,  v . .  783 

Microtome.  Taylor’s  combination  freezing,  v .  787 

Mildew  affecting  cereals,  v . . .  633 

Military  ballooning  in  the  French  army,  iv .  .  285 

engineering  in  the  French  army,  iv .  284 

telegraphy,  iv . /  276 

Military  and  life-saving  material,  report  of  Capt.  D.  A.  Lyle,  Ordnance  De¬ 
partment  U.  S.  Army,  iv .  261 

Milk  and  koumiss,  iv .  568 

Milk-mixers,  not  ing  of  merit  shown,  v .  248 

Milkweed,  fiber  from,  v .  722 

Millboard-making  machine,  exhibit  of ,  m .  49 

Millet,  cultivation  and  use  of,  v .  54 

Mine-blasting  by  electricity,  iv .  141 

transportation  by  hanging  chains  at  Am-Sedma,  Algeria,  in .  289 

Mineral  exhibits — 

Character  of,  and  names  of  exhibitors,  n .  389 

Artificial  minerals:  Messrs.  Friedel,  Bourgeois,  Fouque,  Gorgen. 

Rock  sections:  Dr.  Fouque,  Michel-Levy. 

Pompeian  blue  (wollastonite):  Dr.  Fouque. 

Artificial  Argentine  crystals:  M.  Etard. 

Rock  crystal  chandeliers. 

Colored  marbles  from  Belgium  and  the  Pyrenees. 

“Aspargus”  stone  from  Spain. 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


527 


Mineral  exhibits — Continued. 

Character  of,  etc. — Continued.  Page. 

Ores  of  mercury  from  Servia. 

Ozocerite  from  Galatia. 

Nephrite,  graphite,  jade:  M.  Alibert,  Russia. 

Malachite,  lapis  lazuli,  etc.:  M.  Wcerfel,  Russia. 

Topaz  crystals  from  Ural  Mountains. 

Pyrogranit:  Paul  de  Kristoffowitch. 

Ores  of  mercury:  Russian  Mercury  Mining  Society. 

Silver  from  the  Konigsberg  mine,  Norway. 

Rare  earths  from  Norway. 

Opals  from  Hungary. 

Amber  from  Roumania. 

Calamine  from  Laurium  mines,  Greece. 

Lapis  lazuli  from  Persia . 

Marbles,  etc.,  from  Algeria. 

Sapphire,  zircon,  and  tourmaline  from  Madagascar. 

Topaz  from  Japan. 

Nickel  ores,  etc.,  from  New  Caledonia. 

Jade  from  New  Zealand. 

Gold  from  South  Africa. 

Silver,  onyx,  crystals  from  Mexico. 

Silver  ores  from  the  Argentine  Republic. 

Precious  stones  and  Indian  ornaments  from  Brazil. 

Silver  ore  from  Potosi  and  Pulacayo  mines,  native  copper  from  Corocoro,  bismuth 
from  Tupiza,  lapis  lazuli,  arsenic,  and  prousite,  Bolivia. 

Prousite  (ruby  silver)  and  soda  from  Chile. 

Marbles  and  salt  from  Paraguay. 

Anaconda  copper  ore,  Black  Hills  columbite,  Copper  Basin  ozurite  and  malachite, 

Black  Hills  cassiterite  (tin),  New  Almaden  quicksilver,  agatized  tree  trunks,  Maine 


tourmalines,  United  States. 

Report  of  George  F.  Kunz,  n . . . .  889 

Mineral  oils  exported  from  United  States,  1887-’88,  I .  409 

products  of  United  States,  value  of,  II  .  403 

Mineral  resources  of  the  United  States — 

Annual  value  of  mineral  products,  1 .  367 

Market  value  of  certain  American  mines,  i .  418 

Miscellaneous  minerals,  1 .  415 

Principal  localities  where  are  found: 

Gypsum,  1 .  410 

Lime,  I . 411 

Mica,  I .  411 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas,  1 .  407 

Slate,  i .  411 

Production  of: 

Antimony  in  1886-’87-’88,  1 .  405 

Building  stone,  marble,  slate,  etc.,  in  1887,  and  value,  I .  411 

Coal  in  1887-88,  I .  373 

Copper  from  1882  to  1887,  inclusive,  1 .  390 

Crude  petroleum  from  1859,  i .  408 

Gold  from  1870,  I .  380 

and  silver  from  1792  to  1844,  1 .  417 

1887.  i .  416 

(in  Mexico)  from  1877  to  1888,  1 .  422 

silver,  lead,  and  copper  west  of  Missouri  River,  in  1888, 1 .  421 

from  1870,  I. . .  420 

Gypsum  in  1887, 1 . 410 

Lead  from  1873,  i .  396 

and  precious  metals  in  Leadville  in  1888,  i .  396 


528  GENERAL  INDEX. 

Mineral  resources  of  the  United  States — Continued. 

Production  of — Continued.  Page. 

Lead  and  silver  in  Leadville  from  1860,  i .  897 

Lime  in  1887,  and  value,  I . .  411 

Manganese  ore  in  1887,  i . , .  404 

Mica  in  1887,  and  value,  i .  411 

Nickel  in  1887,  I .  405 

Phosphate  rock  in  South  Carolina,  1887— ’88,  i .  410 

Precious  stones  and  gems,  including  gold  quartz,  1883-87  (est.),  I. . .  412 

Pyrites,  1882  to  1887, 1 . . .  405 

Quicksilver  at  New  Almaden,  Cal., from  1850,1  .  402 

in  California,  from  1879, 1 .  ...  400 

the  United  States,  1887-’88,i . 399 

Roofing  slate,  1884  to  1887,  and  value,  i .  412 

Salt  from  1883  to  1887,  by  localities,  i . .  407 

Silver  from  1870,  i .  384: 

Zinc  (spelter),  1882  to  1887,  inclusive,  by  States,  1 .  399 

Report  of  W.  P.  Blake,  i .  363 

Shipment  of  iron,  iron  ore,  and  products  of,  1886,  1887,  and  1888,  i.  .....  378 

Statistical  tables,  etc. ,  I .  363 

Mining  and  metallurgy — 

Awards  to  United  States  exhibitors,  in . .  24 

Cyclone  Pulverizer  Company,  Ingersoll  Rock  Drill  Company,  Theodore  Blake,  Elmer 
Sperry  &  Co. 

Blowing  machinery  for  metallurgical  works,  ill .  304 

Cockerill  engine. 

Boring  and  shaft-sinking,  in .  249 

Lippman’s  patent  filtering  column,  lifting  ram,  reamer,  pipe  cutter  and  nippers  for 
shaft-sinking;  light  sinking  outfit,  solid  trepans,  couplings  for  rods,  bell  and  cone 
joints,  Kind-Chaudron  process  for  sinking  shafts,  and  Lippman’s  modification. 

Classified  table  of  exhibits  and  awards,  n .  402 

Crushing  machinery,  hi .  301 

Blake  multiple- jaw  crusher. 

Gyrating  screen  for  coal,  exhibited  by  E.  B.  Coxe,  in .  24 

Hoisting  machinery,  in . 270 

Tail  rope  counterweight  at  the  Lyons  shaft  of  the  Montrambert  de  la  Berandiere 
Copt  Mining  Company,  Rossigneux’s  pump-rod  balance,  brake  attachment  for  hoisting 
engines,  Champigny’s  V-grooved  pulley  for  wire  ropes. 

Mining  tools  and  appliances,  hi .  .  278 

Safety  lamps  (Gray’s,  Fumat’s,  Davy’s,  Clanny’s,  Marsaut’s,  Mueseler’s);  fastenings 
for  safety  lamps  (Cuvelier’s,  magnetic,  lead-rivet);  steel  mine  cars,  Hardy’s  patent 
picks,  and  multiple  wedge. 

Mining  transportation,  etc. ,  ill .  .  289 

Transportation  by  hanging  chains,  at  Ain-Sedma,  Algeria;  Cadegal  fan-brake  and 
gravity  road  at  Balboa;  Malissard-Toza’s  automatic  “  Baxculeur,”  or  dumping  plant; 
Fougerat’s  “  Basculeur  ”  coal-transferring  plant  at  Eleu. 

Production  of  coal,  iron  ore,  pig  iron,  steel,  zinc,  and  copper,  by  coun¬ 
tries,  II . .  402 

lead  and  minor  metals  in  the  United  States,  ii .  403 

Products  of  Class  41,  n .  401 

Review  by  C.  B.  Richards,  m.  a.  ,  m .  24 

Rock  drills  and  air  compressors  for  mines,  ill .  .  .  263 

Bosseyeuse  drill,  Dubois  &  Francois  air  com  iressor,  cost  of  compressing  air,  venti¬ 
lation  by  the  Korting  jet  blower,  heating  air  for  compressed-air  motors. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


529 

Mining  and  metallurgy — Continued.  Page. 

Rolling  mills  and  iron-working  appliances,  etc. ,  in .  305 

Universal  reversing-plate  mill  of  Chatillon  et  Commentry,  reversing  26-inch  bloom¬ 
ing  and  rail  train  at  Valenciennes,  Fox’s  patent  corrugated  boiler  flues  and  furnaces, 
Lafitte’s  patent  flux  plates,  self-skimming  foundry  ladle. 

Minneapolis  mills,  product  of,  v . .  627 

Miot  dynamo,  iv .  39 

Miscellaneous  accessories  to  electric  plants,  iv .  88 

Miscellaneous  exhibits  in  electricity — 

Lightning  rods,  iv .  245 

Magnetic  nickel  alloy,  iv . 246 

Non-magnetic  watch  movements,  iv .  246 

Steel  magnets,  iv .  246 

Miscellaneous  exhibitors  in  the  Art  Department,  II . . .  96 

Arturo  Michelena,  of  Venezuela;  J.  J.  de  Soreza-Pinto,  of  Portugal;  Thompson,  of 
England;  Zackarie  Zakarian,  of  Constantinople;  Vilasco,  of  Mexico. 

Miscellaneous  machines — 

Awards  to  exhibitors,  in .  58 

Of  typewriters:  Caligraph,  Hammond,  Remington,  gold  medals;  Bar-lock,  Columbia, 
Mercury,  World,  silver  medals;  Hall,  bronze  medal. 

Of  wire  corkscrew  machines:  Clough  &  McConnell,  silver  medal. 

Of  cash  registering  and  adding  machines:  Lamson  Consolidated  Store  Service  Com¬ 
pany,  silver  medal. 

Of  finishing  and  bunching  cigar  machines:  John  R.  Williams  Company,  silver  medal. 

Number  of  gold  medals  awarded,  in .  55 

Paper-bag  machines,  exhibit  of,  ill .  ...  59 

M.  F.  Leinbach,  Bibby  &  Boron,  Planche  Brothers,  Claude  Rochette. 

Thorne  typesetting  and  distributing  machine,  hi . . .  53 

Typewriters,  exhibit  of,  ill .  55 

Remington,  Caligraph,  Bar-lock,  Hammond,  Hall,  Columbia,  Mercury,  World,  Mas- 
kelyne’s,  Velagraph. 

Miscellaneous  minerals,  i . 415 

Miscellaneous  railway  exhibits — 

Arbel  wheels,  hi .  . . . .  529 

Brouhon,  Pierre,  dumping  car,  in . .  527 

Ferand  system  of  supporting  car  bodies,  ill . . .  528 

Gruson  coupler,  ill  ....  .  .  528: 

Inloes,  W.  H.,  turn-table  lock,  hi .  526- 

Merchants’  Dispatch  Transportation  Company,  refrigerator  car,  ill ..... .  527 

Noulet  &  Co.,  bridge,  switch  semaphore,  car,  hi .  526 

Peckham  Street  Car  and  Wheel  and  Axle  Company,  ill  . .  529 

Valere  Mabile,  iron  work,  m . , .  527 

Mites,  sulphur  and  kerosene  to  destroy,  v .  608 

Miti’s  process  for  producing  iron,  ii .  428 

Model  homes  for  working  people,  n .  12 

Modern  art,  tendencies  of,  n .  16; 

Moessard’s  photographic  camera,  n . . .  203 

Moha  used  for  forage,  v . 54 

Monaco — 

Exhibits  ; 

Ceramics,  II .  301 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n .  163 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n .  190 

H.  Ex.  410 - 34 


530 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


Monaco — Continued. 

Exhibits — Continued.  Page. 

Meteorological  section,  n . . . . . . 271 

Apparatus  for  scientific  cruises  of  the  yacht  Hirondelle. 

Printing  and  books,  II .  154 

Fruit  industry  of,  v .  115 

Monilia  fructigena,  v . 792 

Montpellier  School  of  Art,  n .  30 

Montrichard’s  valveless  pump,  hi . 173 

Morbeau,  Henry,  patent  for  making  nickel  and  steel  alloy,  n .  460 

Morchella  esculenta,  v . 40 

nigra ,  v .  40 

Morel,  M.,  director  of  secondary  instruction,  France,  exhibit  and  statistics 

by,  II .  130 

Morille,  edible  mushroom,  v  .  40 

Morrow,  George  E.,  report  on  cattle  and  swine  raising  in  United  States,  v. . .  553 

Morns  multicaulis,  one  cause  of  silk-culture  failure  in  United  States,  v .  614 

Mosaics,  ii .  304 

Moss,  Spanish  or  southern,  used  in  place  of  curled  hair  in  mattresses,  v .  721 

Movable  dam  at  Poses  on  the  Seine,  hi .  588 

Suresnes  on  the  Seine,  ill .  564 


Mowers — 

American,  v .  300 

McCormick  No.  3,  v .  300 

Osborne  No.  4,  v  .  . . .  300 

Plano,  v .  300 

Trials  of,  v . 282,296,299 

Wood,  inclosed  gear,  v .  300 

Moyotte,  exhibits  of  drawing  and  modeling,  n .  165 

scientific  instruments,  n .  182 

Mozambique,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v .  118 

Mueseler’s  safety  lamp,  hi .  283 

Multiple  series  system  of  transmitting  electricity,  iv .  70 

Museum  of  Natural  History  at  Paris,  v .  189 

U.  S.  National,  entomological  work  of,  v .  611 

Mushrooms — 

Common  meadow,  v .  38 

Edible,  v .  38 

Exhibit  of,  and  truffles,  V . 38, 106 

French  exhibit  of,  V .  38 

Musical  instruments — 

ExhibitsofBelgium.il . 169 

France,  ii . . .  167 

Great  Britain,  n .  .  .  170 

Italy,  ii . 169 

Switzerland,  II .  169 

the  United  States,  n .  170 

various  countries,  n . 170 

Report  of  Arthur  J.  Stace,  commissioner,  n . 165 

Muskmelons,  abundant  in  all  markets,  v .  653 

Must  scale,  the  Baume,  v .  372 

Gay-Lussac,  v .  372 

Guyot,  v .  373 

Mustard,  cultivation  in  France,  v . 83 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


531 


Page. 

Mustard  for  greens  and  salad,  v .  657 

Myrick,  Herbert,  report  on  associated  dairying  in  New  England,  v .  565 

silo  and  ensilage,  v .  743 

N. 

Nails,  production  of,  i .  .  379 

Nancy  School  of  Art,  n .  30 

National  automatic  knitter  for  seamless  hosiery  (Walter  P.  McClure,  exhib¬ 
itor),  hi .  401 

manufactory  at  Sevres,  exhibit  of,  II .  297 

need  of  art  culture,  n .  7 

Navigation  of  the  Seine  from  Paris  to  the  sea,  III .  649 

Netherlands,  exhibit  of  cattle,  v .  463 

Nevada’s  production  of  silver  in  1887,  i .  385 

New  Caledonia — 

Agricultural  products  of ,  v . 103 

Exhibits : 

Agriculture,  v .  102 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n .  165 

Printing  and  books,  II .  154 

Scientific  instruments,  II .  182 

New  York,  discovery  of  salt  in,  I .  407 

hop-raising  district  of,  v .  667 

State  Agricultural  College,  foundation  of ,  v .  815 

New  Zealand — 

Agricultural  exhibit  of ,  v .  ...  102 

products  of,  v .  103 

Producing  peaputs,  v .  674 

Seed  and  cereal  exhibit  of ,  v  .  Ill 

Newbury,  Prof.  Spencer  B. ,  Cornell  University,  report  on  photographic  proofs 

and  apparatus,  II.  201 
chemical  and  phar¬ 
maceutical  prod¬ 
ucts,  II . .  529 

Newton,  Isaac,  first  Commissioner  of  Agriculture,  v .  825 

Newton’s  invention  of  the  pitch-tool  for  polishing,  II  .  218 

Nezeraux’s  centrifugal  jet  pumps,  hi  .  190 

Nicaragua,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v .  138 

Nice  School  of  Art,  n . 30 

Nickel- 

Alloys  of,  with  steel;  paper  by  James  Riley,  before  Glasgow  Iron  and 

Steel  Institute,  n . 455 

Discovery  of  ores  of,  in  Oregon,  I . .  405 

Exhibitors  of ,  i . 404 

ore,  II .  448 

“Le  Nickel”  Mining  and  Smelting  Company,  Christofle  &  Co.,  L’Ep&ne  &  Co.,  Fon- 
derie  de  Nickel  et  Metaux  blancs,  France;  Ringerie  Nickel  Mines  and  Works,  Norway; 

Oregon  Nickel  Company. 

Produced  in  the  United  States  in  1887  . . .  405 

Value  of  metal  produced  in  the  United  States  in  1887  .  404 

Nicotiana  per sica,  furnishes  Tumbeki,  v  . .  727 

rustica,  originated  in  Brazil,  v  .  727 

tabacum ,  first  found  in  Virginia,  v . . .  727 


532 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Nixon  nozzle,  use  of,  v .  .  611 

Non-magnetic  watch  movements,  iv .  246 

Norfolk,  center  of  peanut  trade,  v . . . .  678 

mills  for  preparation  of  peanuts,  V .  674 

Norway  and  Sweden  exhibits — 

Agriculture,  v . .  116 

Art  department,  II . ,. . . .  . .  85 

Mile.  Harriet  Baeker,  Jacob  Bratland,  Jacob  Gloersen,  Hans  Heyerdahl,  Mile.  Kitty 
Kielland,  Christian  Krohg,  Gerhard  Munthe,  Eilip  Peterson,  Christian  Skredevig,  Fritz 
Thaulow,  Erik  Werenskiold. 

Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products,  n .  642 

Drawing  and  modeling,  II .  168 

Maps  and  apparatus,  II .  189 

Journalists1  Association,  Dietrichson. 

Medicine  and  surgery,  n .  .  176 

Stoerner. 

Musical  instruments,  ii . 171 

Printing  and  books,  II .  154 

Scientific  instruments,  II .  182 

Schools,  II  .  128 

Marie  Rosing1  s  girls’  school  at  Christiania. 

Secondary  instruction,  n .  135 

Stationery,  etc.,n .  158 

Superior  education,  n . .  144 

Nossi  Be,  exhibit  of,  v .  100 

“  Nouvelle  porcelain,”  discovery  of,  and  composition,  ii .  297 

Nozzles — 

Nixon  or  climax,  v . 611 

Riley  or  Cyclone,  description  of,  v .  610 

Spray,  consideration  of,  v .  610 

Universal  spray  tip,  v .  610 

Number  of  exhibitors  of  machinery  by  nations  and  classes,  ill .  12 

farmers  and  farm  laborers,  V .  798 

Nurseries  of  Tunis,  V . .  94 

Nury’s  machine  for  punching  rails,  etc.,  hi .  327 

Nut-chamfering  machine,  in .  326 

Nve  &  Fredick  automatic  circular  rib-knitting  machine,  in .  376 

circular  rib-cuff  machine,  ill . 394 

O. 

Oatmeal,  increase  in  use  of ,  V .  .  629 

Oats — 

Distribution  in  United  States,  v . . .  800 

Exhibits  and  cultivation  of,  V . 50, 86, 114, 120 

Increase  in  acreage  of ,  v .  629 

crop  of ,  v . . .  800 

Statistics  of,  v . 59 

Varieties  of,v . 629 

Weight  of,  per  bushel,  v . . .  629 

Oca,  cultivation  of,  in  Bolivia,  v .  133 

Oerlikon  bevel  gear  planer,  in . . . .  357 

dynamo,  iv .  28 

system  of  transmitting  electricity,  iv .  72 


GENERAL  INDEX.  533 

Page. 

Official  instructions  to  Commissioner-General  Franklin  by  Secretary  of  State 

Bayard,  i . . xi 

Oidium,  or  powdery  mildew,  v .  352 

Oil,  cotton-seed,  v .  705 

olive,  production  of,  v . 44,110,117,125 

vegetable,  production  of,  V . 99, 101, 118 

Okra,  grown  for  its  fiber,  v .  718 

in  market  gardens,  v .  654 

Oleo  oil,  manufacture  of,  v .  549 

Oleomargarine,  manufacture  of,  v  .  . 549 

under  the  microscope,  v . .  . . .  783 

Olives — 

Cultivation  of,  v .  110 

Exhibit  of ,  v .  . .  .  44 

Mill  for  crushing,  v . . .  247 

Mode  of  preserving,  v  . .  . .  44 

Presses  for,  V .  245 

Stone  roller  for  crushing,  v . .  247 

Successfully  grown  in  California,  V .  684 

Olive-oil  press,  v . 246 

Ollagnier’s  lever  press  for  tiles,  ill .  417 

Oloron  railway  bridge,  in .  . . .  796 

Onions — 

Average  price  of ,  v . .  .  .  648 

Prices  for  earliest,  v . 659 

Varieties  cultivated  in  France,  V .  82 

grown,  v . 648 

Where  most  extensively  grown,  v .  647 

Operations  on  the  Comstock  lode  in  1888,  i .  385 

Optical  instruments  and  optical  material — 

Exhibit  of  industrial  optics,  u .  232 

Flat  glasses  and  mirrors,  by  E.  J.  Radiguet. 

Spectacle  lenses  of  colored  glass,  by  the  Society  des  Lunetiers. 

Achromatic  spectacles  and  eyeglasses. 


Opera  and  field  glasses,  by  Baille-Lemaire,  Bardon,  Bourdon,  Colmont,  Frechet, 

Levy,  and  others. 

Apparatus  for  light-houses  and  other  marine  signals,  by  the  Palais  des  Arts  Liberaux. 

Exhibit  of  miscellaneous  apparatus,  n .  228 

Heliostats,  Becquerel  phorphorscope,  reading  telescope,  filar  micrometer,  aids  to 
photometric  determinations,  by  Ph.  Pellin. 

Lantern  with  vertical  attachment  and  silenium  cell,  by  Albert  Duboscq. 

Saccharimeters  and  tools,  by  Leon  Laurent. 

Projection  and  polarization  apparatus,  by  Victor  Lefebvre. 

Lecture  demonstration  apparatus,  by  E.  Lutz. 

Goniometers,  by  A.  Picart. 

Lenses,  mirrors,  and  crystal,  by  Benoit  &  Berthoit. 

“Aplanatic  ”  mirror,  by  Th.  Simon. 

Glass  and  crystals,  by  Ivan  Werlien. 

Instrument  for  determining  the  foci  and  axial  optical  constants  of  small  optical 


systems,  by  Mr.  Margier. 

Exhibit  of  microscopes  by  Austria-Hungarian  makers,  II .  227 

British  makers,  II .  227 

French  makers,  ii .  228 

telescopes  by  British  makers,  II .  224 

French  makers,  II .  222 

History  of  the  invention  of  optical  glasses  bj  Guinand,  II.  . . .  23o 


534 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Optical  instruments  and  optical  material — Continued.  Page. 

Improvements  in  illuminating  apparatus  for  light- houses,  Fresnel’s  in¬ 
vention,  ii .  233 

Professor  Abbe’s  apochromatic  microscopes,  II . . .  227 

Report  of  Prof.  Chas.  S.  Hastings,  Sheffield  Scientific  School,  Yale  Uni¬ 
versity,  ii  . . . . .  213 

Search-light  apparatus,  n . . .  235 

Orange,  cultivation  in  Monaco,  v .  116 

increasing  proportions  of,  industry,  v .  682 

leaf  scab  ( Cladosporium  sp.),  v . . .  790 

Orange-growing  in  California,  v .  682 

Florida,  v .  . . 682 

Orchard  grass  ( Dactylis  glomerata)  v .  737 

Ordinary  applications  of  the  arts  of  drawing  and  modeling,  n .  158 

Organization,  methods,  and  appliances  of  agricultural  instruction,  report  of 

C.  V.  Riley,  v . 161 

and  material  for  secondary  instruction,  ii .  130 

of  the  French  general  commission,  1 .  214 

Ornithology,  economic,  v . 779 

Orobranche  minor,  as  a  forage  plant  parasite,  v .  56 

Osage  orange,  as  silkworm  food,  v .  614 

Oscillating  bridge  over  the  Dames  canal  lock,  in .  638 

Otis  elevators,  in . 202 

railway  joint,  ill. . . .  511 

Otto  gas  engine,  III . 134 

Oury  process  for  producing  iron,  II .  432 

Oxalis  crenata,  v .  133 

Oxycoccus  macrocarpus,  large  areas  suited  to,  v .  681 

P. 

Paget  warp  knitting  machine,  in .  388 

Paine,  S.  White,  shoe-lasting  machine,  III .  43 

Palm,  date,  cultivation  of,  v .  89 

varieties  of ,  v .  90 

Panhard  &  Lavassor’s  band  saws  for  metal,  m. .  328 

Panicetiim  tryphoideum  in  Algeria,  v .  86 

Panicum,  cultivation  and  use  of ,  v . . .  54 

sanguinale,  crab  grass,  v .  739 

texanum,  v .  .  738 

Paper  and  printing — 

Debie  mill-board  machine,  in . .  .  49 

Delcambre  composing  machine,  III . . .  52 

Exhibit  of  paper-bag  machine,  in . . .  59 

paper-making  machines,  in .  47 

Darblay,  D’Nayer  &  Co.,  Dautreband  &  Thiry,  Escher  Wyss  &  Co. 

Printing  presses,  in . . . . . .  49 

Campbell  Printing  Press  Company,  Casey  Machine  and  Supply  Company.  Golding  & 
Company,  Liberty  Machine  Works,  John  Thompson,  Vve.  Alauzet  &  Tiquet,  Kientzy 
Bros. 

Thorne  type  setting  and  distributing  machine,  III .  53 

Type  and  type-printing  material,  in .  51 

Setting  and  distributing  machines,  in . . .  51 

Lagerman,  Delcambre,  Thorne. 

Paper-bag  machines,  hi . . . . .  59 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


535 


Page. 

Paper-making  machines,  in .  47 

Paraguay,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v . .  139 

maps  and  apparatus,  exhibit  of,n .  190 

tea,  v .  139 

Parceling  of  soil,  v .  512 

resolutions  of  international  congress  on,  v .  515 

Paris,  exhibit  of  in  hygiene  and  public  charities,  II .  757 

Paris,  Lyons  and  Mediterranean  Railway  Company,  exhibit,  hi .  450 

Parks,  C.  Wellman,  superintendent  of  liberal  arts,  report,  i .  67 

o  n  technical  i  n  - 

struction,  ii.  . . .  193 

Parrot  Silver  and  Copper  Co.,  Butte,  Mont.,  description  of  works, n .  442 

Parsley,  most  frequent  seasoning  herb,  v .  657 

Parsnips,  much  defective  seed  of ,  v .  655 

raised  for  winter  use,  V .  655 

Parson’s  compound  steam  turbine,  in . .  126 

Particulars  of  boilers  supplying  steam  in  machinery  hall,  in .  . .  21 

steam  engines  used  in  machinery  hall,  in . . .  19 

Pasteurizing.  (See  Cliauffage,  under  Wines.) 

Patents  for  manufacture  of  alloys  of  nickel  and  steel,  n .  458 

Pathology,  vegetable,  exhibit  of  section  of,  v .  789 

Paulet’s  metal  railway  tie,  hi .  516 

Pearn’s  lightning  tapper,  hi .  357 

Pea-fowls,  v . 472 

Pea-sheller,  the  Dondey,  v . . . . .  306 

Peach,  black  spot  of  (Cladosporium  carpophilum),  v .  791 

Peaches,  canning  of,  v . .  .  670 

varieties  grown ,  v .  . .  677 

where  grown,  v . '. .  677 

and  peach  yellows,  distribution  of,  v .  794 

Peach  yellows ,  v .  677 

photographs  of,  v .  794 

Peanuts — 

Argentine  export  of ,  v . 132 

Crop  and  values  for  1866,  v .  673 

Cultivation  of,  v . 98, 101, 132 

and  commerce  in,  v . 673 

Culture  in  the  Rivieres  du  Sud,v .  99 

Development  of  industry  in  United  States,  v .  673 

Their  cultivation  and  commence  in  the  United  States,  report  of  Alex. 

McDonald,  v  .  673 

Total  crop  of  United  States,  v . .  ....  674 

Used  in  making  oil,  v .  673 

Pear,  the,  grown  in  nearly  all  parts  of  United  States,  v .  678 

varieties  gro wm ,  v .  678 

blight,  distribution  of ,  v . . . .  794 

Pear-leaf  blight  ( Entomosporium  maculatum),  v . .  790 

Pears,  canning  of,  v  . 670 

Pease — 

As  a  field  crop,  v . .  .  640 

early  garden  crop,  v .  653 

Mode  of  cultivation  of ,  v .  66 

Varieties  of,  v . 66, 653 

Yield  of  principal  States,  v .  641 


536 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Peen-to,  peach  from  China,  V .  . . .  677 

Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company  exhibit,  hi .  495 

Pepper  grass,  for  salad,  V .  .  657 

Peppers,  French  exhibit  of ,  v .  83 

grown  for  pickling  and  seasoning,  v  . . .  r . .  654 

varieties  grown,  v .  ...  654 

Perfumery,  soaps,  etc.,ii . 330 

Permanent  charge  telegraph  system,  iv . 101 

Peronospora  viticola,  distribution  of ,  v .  793 

Perret  dynamo,  iv .  44 

Perry  volt  meter,  iv .  208 

Persia,  agricultural  exhibit  of ,  v .  127 

Peru,  agricultural  exhibit  of,v .  139 

Petit  &  Boudinot’s  system  of  distribution  of  power  by  rarified  air,  hi .  218 

Petroleum  and  natural  gas — 

Compounds  of  petroleum  used  as  insect-destroyers,  v .  607 

Consumption  of  natural  gas,  1 .  407 

Exhibitors  of ,  I . 410 

Exports  of  mineral  oils,  1887-88,  I . . .  409 

Number  of  wells  completed,  new  production  of  crude  petroleum,  and 

average  per  well,  1887-’88,  i .  409 

Pipe  line  deliveries  of  crude  petroleum,  1888,  I  . . .  408 

Principal  localities,  where  found,  I  .  . .  .  407 

Production  of  crude  petroleum  in  United  States  from  1859,  1 .  408 

distilled  petroleum,  n .  643 

Value  of  oil  produced  since  1860,  i .  409 

Phalaris  canariensis,  cultivation  of,  in  France,  v .  55 

Pharmaceutical  products,  n .  630 

Phaseolus  radiatus,  cultivation  in  Japan,  v .  127 

vidgaris,  cultivation  in  France,  v .  65 

Phleum  pratense,  v .  737 

Phoenix  dactylifera,  cultivation  of,  v . . .  87 

Phonopore  telegraphy,  iv .  Ill 

Phorodon,  hop,  difficulties  in  controlling,  v .  606 

Phosphate  rock,  produced  in  South  Carolina  in  1887-88,  I .  .  410 

*  ‘  Photograph  without  an  objective  ” — the  ‘  ‘  pinhole  ”  camera,  by  R.  Colson,  n .  207 

Photographic  cameras,  n .  203 

Watson  &  Sons,  of  London,  Shaw  &  Co.,  of  London,  Eastman  Dry  Plate  and  Film 
Company,  of  Rochester,  the  ‘  ‘  Kodak.” 

Photographic  lenses — 

Change  in  types  of,  II .  201 

Exhibit  of  France,  ii .  202 

C.  Berthiot,  J.  Zion,  E.  Frangais,  Fleury-Hermagis. 

Exhibit  of  Great  Britain,  ii . . . .  202 

J.  H.  Dallmyer  &  Co.,  Ross  &  Co. 

Photographic  proofs,  display  of,  n .  205 

and  apparatus,  report  of  Prof.  Spencer  C.  Newbury, 

Cornell  University .  201 

Photographic  proofs  and  processes  — 

Displays  of,  n .  208 

Instantaneous  views,  by  H.  de  Perpigna,  Grassia,  G.  West  &  Sons. 

Portrait  work,  by  Walery  of  London,  Lafayette  of  Dublin,  Burnside  of  Guernsey, 
Thompson  &  Vander  Weyde  of  London,  Sarony  of  New  York,  Scholten  &  Guerin  of 
St.  Louis,  Bloch  of  Brooklyn,  Falk  of  New  York,  Decker  of  Cleveland,  Clark  of  Chicago. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


537 


Photographic  proofs  and  processes — Continued. 

Diplays  of — Continued.  Page. 

The  platinotype. 

Flexible  tissues  as  support  for  film,  by  the  Eastman  Company,  Rochester,  New  York. 
Gelatino-bromide  paper,  by  the  Eastman  Company,  Morgan  &  Co.  of  London,  Nadar 
of  Paris. 

The  Carbon  process,  by  Braun  of  Paris. 

Cyanotype  or  blue  print  process. 

Landscape  photography,  by  Fleury  of  Pontresnia,  Nille  Hinnen  of  Zurich,  Geo.  F. 

Baker,  Niagara  Falls,  the  United  States  Geological  Survey. 

Lantern  slides  of  albumen,  by  J.  Levy  &  Co.  and  Lachenal  &  Co.  of  Paris. 

Photogravure  and  phototypogravure,  by  the  Goupil  Co. 

Heliotype  or  phototype  process,  by  Dujardin.  Berthaud,  and  others. 

Heliotype  printing,  Ducos  de  Hauron  process,  by  Qunisac  &  Bacquie  of  Paris. 


Photographs  of  peach  yellows,  V .  794 

Photomechanical  processes  in  photography,  II .  210 

Photogravure  and  phototypogravure,  heliotype  or  phototype  process,  heliotype  print¬ 
ing,  Ducos  de  Hauron  process. 

Photometer,  iv .  . . . . .  226 

Phragmidium  mucronatum,  v . . .  791 

Phyllosticta  acericolct,  v .  .  791 

Phylloxera — 

Bureau  on,  v . 162 

Commission  on,  V . .  . .  163 

Destruction  of  winter  egg,  v .  456 

Grape,  not  yet  fully  investigated,  v .  605 

Grapevine,  v .  443 

History  of ,  v .  443 

In  California,  v .  ...  689 

Means  of  dispersion,  v .  447 

Method  of  controlling,  v .  .  447 

Present  status  of ,  v . . . . . . .  30 

Remedies  against,  v .  30,447 

Service  in  France,  v .  .  164 

Station  in  Hungary,  v . 154 

Submersion  as  a  remedy,  v . .  456 

Physical  resources  of  United  States,  V . . . . . .  797 

Phytophthora  infestans ,  V .  . . .  792 

Phytoptus  spp.,  sulphur  and  kerosene  used  to  destroy,  v .  608 

vitis,  v .  792 

Pickles,  exhibit  of ,  v .  137 

Piedmont  section,  rice  grown  in,  v . .  636 

Pieper  arc  lamp,  iv . .  57 

dynamo,  iv . 41 

incandescent  lamp,  iv. .  .  66 

Pig  iron,  production  of,  by  countries,  II  . .  .  40# 

States,  i .  379 

Pigments,  paints,  and  varnishes,  n .  624 

Pilter,  Tli.,  exhibit  of  domain  of,  v . . .  93 

Pimento,  exhibit  of ,  V . .  83 

Pine,  long-leafed,  needles  of,  used  as  fiber,  v .  721 

Pineapples,  canning  of,  v .  670 

grown  in  southern  Florida,  v .  683 

Pinetti’s  automatic  tile  press,  hi .  420 

cylinder  mill  for  mixing  clay,  III  ,  . .  . . . .  415 

forcing  presses,  piston  and  roll,  in . . .  424 


538 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Pinus  australis ,  needles  of,  used  as  fiber,  v . . .  721 

process  of  manufacturing  needles  of,  into  fiber,  v .  721 

Pipe-line  deliveries  of  crude  petroleum  in  1888,  i .  408 

Piquettes,  how  made,  v .  428 

Pistache  in  Algeria,  V .  .  87 

Pisum  sativum ,  cultivation  in  France,  v . .  66 

Pita,  fiber  of  century  plant,  V .  .  720 

Plainer  light-house,  in; .  864 

Plains,  grasses  on  the,  v .  737 

Plan  of  agricultural  exhibit,  v  . .  23 

Planer  for  chamfering  plates,  hi .  319 

Plant  louse,  hop,  difficulties  in  dealing  with,  v .  605 

Plants,  fungous  diseases  of ,  v . . .  789 

Plated  zinc,  iv .  152 

Plow,  Fondeur’s  vineyard,  v . . . .  316 

Plum,  the,  where  most  successful,  v . . .  678 

Poa  arachnifera,  v  . . . .  738 

pratensis,  v  . 738 

serotina,  v. .....  . . .  .  .  737 

Pocket  galvanometer,  iv .  199 

Poi,  national  diet  of  Hawaii,  v .  129 

Polarized  diaphragms  telephone  receiver,  iv .  123 

Polariscope,  Taylor’s  pocket,  v .  786 

Polder,  explanation  of  term,  v . . .  113 

crops  grown  on,  V .  114 

Polygonum  fagopy rum,  use  and  cultivation  of,  v . .  54 

Pomelo,  introduced  from  West  Indies,  v .  683 

Popcorn,  in  the  United  States,  v .  624 

Popp  system  of  transmitting  power  by  compressed  air  and  electricity  (The 

Parisian  Co.,  exhibitor),  III .  212 

Population,  per  cent  of,  engaged  in  agriculture,  v .  798 

Pork  products,  removal  of  restriction  on,  v .  495 

Portable  railways,  hi . 520 

Portable  weapons — 

Exhibitors  of,  II . 373 

Winchester  Arms  Company,  Smith  &  Wesson,  Colt  Arms  Company,  Leopold  Ber¬ 
nard,  Eley  Bros.,  Richard  &  Co.,  Faure-Lepage,  Gaucher-Bergards,  Heuse  Lemoine, 

Pieper,  La  Soci6t6  francaise  de  munitions,  Lochet  &  Debertrand. 

Review  by  A.  Van  Bergen,  ii .  373 

Superior  exhibit  by  the  United  States,  n . .  373 

Porter,  H.  K.,  &  Co.,  locomotive,  III. . . .  499 

Portrait  painters  of  France,  II .  35 

Bonnat  Gervex,  Roll,  Raffaelli  Besnard,  Carolus-Durand,  Meissonnier. 

Portugal — 

Agricultural  instruction  in,  V . 208 

Exhibits: 

Drawing  and  modeling,  II .  163 

Insects,  v . 442 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n . 190 

Working  sections  of  a  railroad  in  Angola. 

Musical  instruments,  n .  170 

Printing  and  books,  II .  154 

Scientific  instruments,  n  . 182 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


539 


Portugal — Continued. 

Exhibits — Continued.  Page. 

Stationery,  etc.,  II .  . .  158 

Technical  instruction,  II .  .  199; 

Lisbon  commercial  and  industrial  school. 

Portuguese  colonies’  exhibits — 

Agriculture,  v .  117 

Maps  and  apparatus ,  II .  188 

Printing  and  books,  n .  154 

Schools,  II .  128 

College  of  Regeneration,  Carvalho,  Lisbon. 

Secondary  instruction,  II .  135> 

Portuguese  India,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v . .  119 

Postal-dispatch  and  telegraph  bureau  of  France,  exhibit  of  pneumatic  dis¬ 
patch  tubes,  hi .  219 

Postel-Vinoy  dynamo,  iv .  44 

Potato  rot  ( Phytophthorci  infestans),  distribution  and  severity  of,  v .  794 

Potatoes — 

Cultivation  of,  in  France,  v .  61 

Distribution  of,  v. . . 794 

Earliest,  from  Bermudas,  v .  . . . .  659 

Early  varieties  of ,  v .  659 

Estimated  acreage,  1880  to  1887,  v .  644 

Importance  of,  as  a  field  crop,  v .  642 

Prices  for  early  yield,  v .  659 

Principal  varieties  of ,  v .  62 

Production  by  States,  v . , .  645 

Soil  and  culture,  v . 642 

Statistics  of,  in  France,  v .  60 

Sweet,  French  exhibit  of,  v .  65 

Where  most  grown,  v .  642 

Poultry,  exhibit  of,  v .  470' 

of  the  Plate  farm,  v . 233 

Powdered  carbon  telephone  transmitter,  iv . .  125 

Powders,  instruments  for  application  of,  v .  355 

Powdery  mildew  of  the  grape  ( TJneinula  ampelopsidis) ,  v .  .  792 

Power  screw  press  for  tiles  driven  by  friction  disks,  m  . . . .  416 

Prairie  hay,  v .  737 

Prairies,  vegetation  of,  v . . .  736 

Precious  stones,  American  exhibit  of,  n .  387 

and  gems,  i .  412 

exhibitors  of  (with  notes  of  production,  cost, 

etc.),  i .  414 

produced  in  United  States  in  1887-88,  includ¬ 
ing  gold  quartz  (estimated),  i .  412 

Preserved  fruits,  centers  of  industry  in,  v . .  676 

Preservation  of  wood,  historical  sketch  of  M.  D.  Solion,  a.  c.,  n .  719 

Preserving  wood,  miscellaneous  American  experiments  in,  n .  753 

Presses,  agricultural — 

Exhibits  of,  v .  302 

Hay,  trials  of ,  v . . 286,  302 

Mabille  Brothers’ wine,  v . .  389 

Masson  horse,  v . 390’ 

Whitman  Agricultural  Company,  v . 302 


540  GENERAL  INDEX, 

Presses,  agricultural — Continued.  Page. 

Whitman’s  forage,  v . . .  ...  304 

Wine;  Y . .311,389 

Pretot’s  milling  machine,  in .  333 

Prices  for  power  furnished,  etc.,  in  machinery  hall,  hi  .  . .  .  .  20 

paid  exhibitors  who  supplied  steam  for  machinery  hall,  in .  21 

Primary  instruction,  II .  117 

Principal  mineral  products,  United  States,  geographical  distribution  of ,  i . . .  371 

sources  of  graphite  in  the  United  States,  i .  406 

pyrites  in  the  United  States,  I .  405 

Printing  presses,  exhibits  of,  in .  49 

Printing  and  books — 

Exhibits  of  Belgium,  II . . .  151 

France,  n . 150 

Great  Britain,  n .  150 

the  United  States,  n .  146 

various  countries,  n .  152 

Report  of  Arthur  J.  Stace,  commissioner,  II . .  145 

Prize  winners  in  textile  fabrics,  wearing  apparel,  and  accessories,  n .  335 

Prizes,  agricultural,  v . 151,153,296,443 

Processes  of,  and  progress  in,  the  manufacture  of  brick  and  tile,  in .  411 

Production  and  export  of  cotton,  V .  805 

Products  of  forest  growth  and  industry,  II .  647 

petroleum  distillation,  II .  643 

Progress  of  cereal  production,  v . . .  803 

the  optical  art  in  England,  n .  218 

Proportion  of  cotton  exported,  v .  805 

Proust,  M.  Antonin,  head  of  the  art  department,  II .  104 

Prunes,  dried, V . 43,123, 127 

French  exhibit  of,  V .  43 

Japanese  varieties  introduced,  v  . . . .  678 

varieties  of ,  v .  44 

■Prunus  americana,  cultivated,  v .  678 

chicasa ,  cultivated ,  v .  678 

domestica  difficult  to  produce  in  Eastern  States,  v .  678 

umbellata,  cultivated,  v .  678 

Pulley  lathe,  hi . 338 

Pumps — 

For  mixing  insecticides,  v . . . .  609 

French  modification  of  the  Riley  nozzle,  v .  365 

Japy  nozzle,  v . 363 

Of  Societe  1’ Avenir  Yiticole,  V .  364 

Raveneau  nozzle,  v .  363 

Riley  nozzle,  v .  362 

Yermorel  nozzle,  v .  366 

Pump  system  for  supplying  the  canal  from  the  Marne  to  the  Rhine,  and  the 

Eastern  canal,  France,  in .  635 

Pumping  engines,  ill .  175 

Pumpkins,  for  stock  and  for  culinary  use,  v .  649 

varieties  raised  in  France,  v .  76 

Puvillard  arc  lamp,  iv .  .  61 

Pyrites,  exhibitors  of.  I . 406 

principal  sources  of  ,  I . .  .  405 

production  of,  in  United  States  in  1882-87,  i . . .  405 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


541 


Page. 


Pyromagnetic  generator,  IV . v .  .  230 

motor,  iv .  230 

Pyrometer,  iv . . . 225- 

Q. 

Quadruplex  telegraph  system,  iv . .  . . .  113 

Quicksilver — 

Exhibitors  of,  with  notes  of  production,  etc.,  1 .  399 

Produced  at  New  Almaden,  California,  from  1850,  i .  402 

in  California  from  1879,  I .  400 

the  United  States,  1887-88,  I. . . . .  399 

Quince,  grown  in  small  lots,  v .  679 

species  introduced  from  China,  V .  679 

Quinia,  cultivation  in  Bolivia,  v .  133; 

Quinta  Normal  de  Agricultura  at  Santiago,  v .  220 


R. 


Rabbits,  exhibit  of,  v . 

Radiophonic  multiplex  telegraph  system,  iv . 

Radishes — 

Exhibit  and  cultivation  of,  v .  . 

Horse,  cultivation  of,  v . 

Not  many  shipped,  v  . . . 

Varieties  for  garden  crop,  v .  . 

Railroad  electric  signals,  iv . 

Railway  block  signals — 

Compagnie  de  l’ouest,  hi  .  . .  . . . . . 

du  Midi,  hi . . . 

Lesbros  system,  hi . . . 

Simplex  railway  patents  syndicate,  hi . . . . 

Train  staff  system  (Webb  &  Thompson),  hi . . 

Railway  bridge  joint,  in . 

carriages,  table  of  general  data  relating  to,  in . 

joints  and  fastenings,  hi . .  . . . . . 

Railway  plant — 

American  road  machines,  hi . . . . . . 

Champion,  Leader,  Lamborn. 

Block  signals,  hi . . . 

Compagnie  de  Fouest,  Compagnie  du  Midi,  Lesbros  system,  Simplex  railway  pat¬ 
ents  syndicate,  train  staff  system  (Webb  &  Thompson). 

Deductions  and  comparisons,  in . 

Electric  motors,  in . . .  . 


472 

113 


74 

75 
660 
654 
134 


531 

532 
530' 
5&2 
510' 
542 
516 


538; 

530 

546 

533 


Sprague  Company,  Thomson-Houston,  International  Company. 


Installation,  in .  437 

Miscellaneous  United  States  exhibits,  hi . . .  539 


Bishop  combination  joint,  Boyden  power  brake,  Laird  automatic  coupler,  equip¬ 
ments  and  supplies  by  New  York  Commercial  Company;  models  by  Railway  News 
Company;  Steven’s  crossing  gate,  car  coupler,  brake,  and  combined  anti-derailing 
switch,  frog  and  crossing  ;  Tubular  Barrow  Machine  Company,  Warren’s  lever  jacks. 

Permanent  way,  hi .  507 

Webb  tie,  Belgian  iron  tie,  rail  joints  and  fastenings,  bridge  joint,  Otis  joint,  Hoff- 
meier  system,  wooden  cross-ties,  other  metallic  ties,  Paulet  system,  Sandberg  system, 

Magnat  system,  portable  railways,  Abt  system  for  steep  inclines,  hydraulic  railway 
(Chemin  de  Fer  Glessant)  Metropolitan  Railway  of  Paris,  miscellaneous. 


-542 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


Railway  plant — Continued.  Page. 

Report  of  Prof.  Lewis  M.  Haupt,  in . . .  437 

Typical  exhibits,  hi .  438 


French.— Western  Railway  Company,  Paris,  Lyons  and  Mediterranean  Company, 
Woolf  Engine,  Compagnie  des  Chemins  de  Fer  du  Nord,  Compagnie  des  CheminS  de 
Fer  du  Sud,  Societe  Anonyme  Internationale,  Compagnie  Internationale  des  Wagons- 
lits,  Societe  General  de  Chemins  de  Fer  Economique,  Compagnie  Bona-Guelma  (Al- 
geria-Tunis)  special  motors,  locomotive  without  fire,  Compagnie  des  omnibus  et  tram¬ 
ways  de  Lyons,  Societe  des  Anciens  Etablissements  Cail. 

Belgian.— Grand  Central  Railway,  Belgian  State  Railways,  Tank  locomotive  made 
by  La  Societe  Anonyme  “  La  Mettallurgique  11  of  Brussels,  La  Societe  Anonyme  des 
eteliers  de  Construction  de  la  Meuse  of  Liege,  Usine  Ragheno  at  Malines. 

English. — London,  Brighton  and  South  Coast  Railway  Company,  Southeastern  Rail¬ 
way  Company,  North  London  Railway  Company,  London  and  Northwestern  Railway 
Company,  Midland  Railway  Company. 

Swiss.— Societe  Suisse  of  Winterthur. 

Italian. — Societe  des  Chemins  de  Fer  de  Mediterranee  of  Milan,  Society  Italienne  des 
Chemins  de  Fer  Meridionaux  of  Florence,  Miani,  Silvestri  et  Cie.  of  Milan,  M.  Cyriaque 
Helson  of  Turin. 

United  States.— Baldwin  Engines,  Pennsylvania  Railroad  Company,  Strong  locomo¬ 
tive,  H.  K.  Porter  &  Co.  locomotive. 

Special— Decauville  Railway  engine  for  high  speed,  speed  regulator,  Iron  Car  Com¬ 


pany,  compressed  air  motors. 

Raisin  industry  in  California  reviving,  v . . .  690 

wine,  method  of  making,  v .  .  420 

Rake,  elevator,  description  of,  v .  .  290 

Ramie — 

Bounties  offered  for,  in  New  Jersey,  v .  714 

Cultivation  of,  v . 86,99,716 

How  propagated,  v .  . 715 

Machine  trials  of,  1889  : 

Armand-Barbier  decorticator,  n .  520 

Crozat  de  Fleury  &  Monceau  process,  II .  524 

Favier’s  machines,  n .  518 

Landtsheer’s  machines,  II .  522 

Michotte’s  machine,  ii .  521 

report  of  Charles  Richards  Dodge,  ii .  .  518 

summary,  n .  525 

Long  under  cultivation  in  East  India  and  China,  V .  715 

Tested  in  various  parts  of  United  States,  v . . .  714 

Uses  to  which  fiber  can  be  put,  v .  715 

Rape,  broom,  as  a  parasite  of  forage  plants,  v .  56 

Rapid-firing  guns,  iv .  269 

Raspberry,  anthracnose  of,  v . 791 

origin  of ,  v .  680 

Ravel  gas  engine,  iii .  146 

Reana  luxuriana  as  a  forage  plant,  v .  56 

Reapers — 

American,  v .  ....  297 

Binding,  competition  of ,  V  .  282 

Light,  v .  298 

Osborne  No.  8,  v .  297 

Rechniewski  dynamo,  iv . 30 

Reconstruction  of  the  roadway  of  the  suspension  bridge  at  Tonnay  Cha- 

rente,  hi  .  748 

Recording  ampere  and  volt  meters,  iv . 215 

Recovering  tar  and  ammonia  from  blast-furnace  gases,  processes  of,  ii .  407 

Alexander  &  McCosh,  Dempter  &  Henderson,  Addie,  Neilson. 


GENERAL  index. 


543 


Page. 

Red  spider,  treatment  of ,  v .  .  608 

Red-tailed  hawk  (Buteo  borealis),  stomach  contents,  v .  781 

Red-top  ( Agrostis  vulgaris),  v . .  737 

Registering  photometer,  Dessendier's  apparatus,  II .  205 

Regulations  governing  retrospective  exposition  of  labor  and  anthropology,  I. .  159 

of  the  superior  (international)  jury,  i .  91 

Reidler,  Prof.,  of  Berlin,  investigation  by,  of  Popp’s  system  of  transmitting 

power  by  compressed  air,  in . .  216 

Reiter,  J.  J.,  exhibit  of  turbines,  in .  .  168 

Relative  value  of  gold  and  silver  of  Comstock  Lode,  I  .  386 

exhibits  in  agricultural  work  and  food  industries,  in .  27 

of  chemical  manufactures,  m . , .  27 

Remarkable  specimens  of  jewelry,  n .  . .  386 

Reports  on — 

Agronomy,  agricultural  statistics,  by  C.  V.  Riley,  v . .  141 

Alimentary  products,  by  A.  Howard  Clark,  expert  commissioner,  iv. . .  .  455 

Apparatus  and  methods  of  mining  and  metallurgy,  by  Henry  M.  Howe, 

hi .  249 

Appliances  and  products  of  methods  employed  for  the  preservation  of 

woods,  by  W.  H.  Chandler,  PH.  d.,  ii .  715 

Artificial  silk,  manufacture  of,  by  Charles  Richards  Dodge,  n .  526 

Associated  dairying  in  New  England,  by  Herbert  Myrick,  v .  565 

Brick  and  tiles,  porcelain  and  pottery,  by  H.  D.  Woods, C.  e.,  in .  411 

Canning  industry  (statistics),  by  E.  T.  Judge,  v .  668 

Castor-bean  industry  (statistics),  by  Alex.  Euston,  v .  663 

Cattle  and  swine  raising  in  the  United  States,  by  Geo.  E.  Morrow,  v.  ...  553 

Cereal  products  of  the  United  States,  by  Geo.  Win,  Hill,  v  .  619 

Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products,  by  Prof.  Spencer  B.  Newbury, 

Cornell  University,  H . 529 

Civil  engineering,  public  works,  and  architecture,  by  William  Watson, 

PH.  D.,  Ill .  551 

Comparative  composition  of  American  and  European  beef,  by  Clias.  D. 

Woods,  v .  393 

Construction  of  chemical  laboratories,  by  W.  H.  Chandler,  ph.  d.,  ii.  . . .  679 

Cotton  industry,  by  James  R.  Binford,  v .  706 

Dairy  industry,  by  H.  H.  Wing,  v .  577 

products,  by  James  Cheesman,  iv .  616 

Dyeing  industry,  by  M.  de  Caux,  ii .  659 

Economic  ornithology,  by  C.  Hart  Merriam,  v .  779 

Education  and  the  liberal  arts,  by  Arthur  J.  Stace,  commissioner,  n.  . . .  115 

Electricity,  by  Carl  Hering,  iv  .  . . .  ,  .  9 

Exhibition  of  social  economy,  by  Wickham  Hoffman,  1 .  101 

Exposition,  by  W.  B.  Franklin,  commissioner-general,  I.  . . .  1 

W.  C.  Gunnell,  engineer,  United  States  commission,  i. . . .  45 

Farm  improvements  and  agricultural  work,  by  C.  V.  Riley  and  Amory 

Austin,  v .  231 

Fermented  drinks  by  Chas.  McK.  Loser,  iv .  721 

Field  trials  of  agricultural  machines,  by  C.  V.  Riley,  v. . .  265 

Fine  arts,  by  Rush  C.  Hawkins,  commissioner,  ii .  3 

Flax  industry  in  Belgium,  by  Chas.  Richards  Dodge,  n .  508 

and  hemp  industry  in  France,  by  Chas.  Richards  Dodge,  ii  .  493 

Forage  plants  and  grasses,  by  Geo.  Vasev,  v .  735 

Forestry  in  the  United  States,  by  B.  E.  Fernow,  v  .  743 


544 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Reports  on — Continued.  Page. 

Fruit  industry,  by  H.  E.  Van  Deman, Y .  . .  675 

Fungous  diseases  of  plants,  by  B.  T.  Galloway,  v .  789- 

Furniture  and  accessories,  by  David  Urquhart,  jr.,  u .  291 

General  mechanics,  by  C.  B.  Richards,  m.  a.,  hi .  .  71 

History  and  present  condition  of  agricultural  science  in  the  United  States, 

by  A.  C.  True,  v . 809 

History  of  labor,  by  Wickham  Hoffman,  I .  125 

Horticulture,  by  David  King,  United  States,  expert,  V .  795 

Hygiene  and  public  charities,  by  W.  H.  Chandler,  ph.  d.,  ii .  757 

Injurious  and  beneficial  insects  in  the  United  States,  by  C.  V.  Riley,  v. .  608 

International  Congress  of  Agriculture,  by  C.  V.  Riley  and  Amory  Aus¬ 
tin,  Y .  499 

Jewelry,  by  Geo.  F.  Kunz,  II .  381 

Leather  production  of  the  United  States,  by  Isaac  A.  Bailey,  v .  595- 

Liberal  arts,  by  C.  Wellman  Parks,  superintendent,  I  .  67 

Live  stock  exhibit,  by  C.  V.  Riley  and  Amory  Austin,  v . .  .  461 

Machine  tools,  by  Prof.  John  H.  Barr,  hi .  317 

Machinery  for  knitting  and  embroidery,  by  J.  M.  Merrow,  hi .  365 

Meat  industries  of  the  United  States,  by  H.  C.  Clark,  iv .  539' 

Meteorology  at  the  Paris  Exhibition,  by  A.  Lawrence  Rotch,  II .  239' 

Microscopy  of  food  adulterations,  by  Thos.  Taylor,  v. ......  . .  783 

Military  and  life-saving  material,  by  Capt.  D.  A.  Lyle,  Ordnance  Depart¬ 
ment  United  States  Army,  iv .  261 

Mineral  exhibits,  by  Geo.  F.  Kunz,  II .  389 

resources  of  the  United  States,  by  W.  P.  Blake,  i .  363 

Mining  and  metallurgy,  products  of,  by  W.  H.  Chandler,  ph.  d.,  ii .  401 

Northwestern  Society  of  Beekeepers,  by  C.  V.  Riley,  v .  616 

Optical  instruments  and  materials,  by  Prof.  Chas.  S.  Hastings,  Sheffield 

Scientific  School,  Yale  University,  n .  213 

Organization,  methods,  and  appliances  of  agricultural  instruction,  by  C. 

V.  Riley,  v . 161 

Peanuts,  their  commerce  and  cultivation  in  the  United  States,  by  Alex. 

McDonald,  v .  673 

‘ ‘  Photograph  without  an  objective,’'  the  pinhole  camera,  by  R.  Colson,  n .  207 

Photographic  proofs  and  apparatus,  by  Prof.  Spencer  B.  Newbury,  ii.  . .  201 

Proceedings  of  the  International  meteorological  and  hydrological  and 

climatological  Congresses,  by  A.  Lawrence  Rotch,  delegate,  n .  273 

Railway  plant,  by  Prof.  Lewis  M.  Haupt,  hi .  437 

Ramie  field  trials  of  1888,  by  Chas.  Richards  Dodge,  ii .  518 

Rice  culture,  by  Milton  W.  Whitney,  v .  638 

Riggs  collection  of  armor,  by  J.  Durand,  I . . .  169 

Rural  assistance  (agricultural),  by  M.  Gomat,  v .  510 

Silo  and  ensilage,  by  Herbert  Myrick,  v . .  743 

Stationery,  bookbinding,  and  articles  used  in  painting  and  drawing,  by 

Arthur  J.  Stace,  commissioner,  n  . .  155- 

Statistics  of  agriculture,  by  J.  R.  Dodge,  v . . .  797 

Sugar  industry  of  United  States,  by  H.  W.  Wiley,  v .  691 

Superior  education,  by  Arthur  J.  Stace,  commissioner,  n .  136 

jury,  by  George  Berger,  Commissioner-General  of  the  Exposi¬ 
tion,  1 .  85 

Technical  instruction,  by  C.  Wellman  Parks,  n .  193 

Textile  fabrics,  wearing  apparel,  and  accessories,  by  W.  H.  Chandler, 
ph.  d.,  ii .  335 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


.  545 


Reports  on — Continued.  Page. 

Textile  fibers  of  the  United  States,  by  Chas.  Richard  Dodge,  v .  695 

Tobacco  in  the  United  States,  by  Alex.  McDonald,  v .  725 

Useful  and  injurious  insects,  by  C.  L.  Marlatt,  v .  427 

Vegetable  products  of  the  United  States,  by  M.  G.  Kern,  v .  639 

Vegetables,  forage  plants,  and  cereals,  by  Amory  Austin,  v .  35 

Vine  culture,  by  C.  V.  Riley,  v .  309 

Visit  to  farm  at  Arcy-en-Brie,  by  Amory  Austin,  v .  529 

Viticulture  in  California,  by  Geo.  Husmann,  v .  688 

the  United  States,  by  B.  F.  Clayton,  v  . . . .  685 

Wine-making,  by  C.  L.  Marlatt,  v .  369 

Resin  compounds  used  against  insects,  v .  607 

Resolution,  joint,  of  Congress,  authorizing  publication  of  report,  I .  ix 

Restaurants,  concessions  to,  and  regulations  of,  I  .  217 

Retrospective  exhibit  of  French  art,  n . ; .  97 

military  art  by  the  French  war  department,  IV .  295 

exposition  of  labor  and  anthropology,  regulations  of ,  1 .  159 

Reunion  exhibits — 

Agriculture,  v .  97 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n .  .  165 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n .  191 

Musical  instruments,  II . . . .  171 

Printing  and  books,  II .  154 

Reversing  26-inch  blooming  and  rail  train  at  Valenciennes,  5,000  horse¬ 
power,  hi .  308 

Reviews  of — 

Agricultural  work  and  food  industries,  by  C.  B.  Richards,  M.  A.,  in .  27 

Group  iv,  by  A.  Van  Bergen,  n . . .  339 

Machine  tools,  by  C.  B.  Richards,  m.  a.,  iii  .  28 

Mechanical  appliances,  by  C.  B.  Richards,  M.  a.,  hi .  5 

Mining  and  metallurgy,  by  C.  B.  Richards,  M.  A.,  Ill .  24 

Rhubarb,  cultivation  of ,  v . 652 

in  France,  V . 69 

use  of,  v . 651 

Ribes  aureum,  wild  currant,  v .  681 

grossulctria  affected  by  fungus,  v .  381 

hirtellum  in  Central  and  Eastern  States,  v .  381 

rubrum ,  cultivated  currants  derived  from,  v . .  681 

Rice — 

Culture  of,  in  French  India,  v . . .  101 

Sandwich  Islands,  v .  129 

South  Carolina,  v .  635 

report  of  Milton  W.  Whitney,  v .  635 

when  introduced,  v .  635 

Lands,  area  of,  v . 638 

price  of,  v . . . . .  638 

Manner  of  cultivating,  v .  637 

Not  cultivated  in  France,  v .  54 

On  alluvial  swamps,  v .  636 

Soil  suited  to,  v .  636 

Upland,  valued  for  seed,  v .  635 

Where  it  can  be  grown,  v .  635 

Yield  of ,  v . 638 

H.  Ex.  410 - 35 


546 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Richards,  C.  B.,  m.  a. —  Page. 

Report  on  general  mechanics,  hi .  71 

Review  of  agricultural  work  and  food  industries,  m .  27 

machine  tools,  m .  28 

mechanical  appliances,  hi  ...  . . .  5 

mining  and  metallurgy,  hi . . .  24 

Richards,  J.  W.,  analyses  of  commercial  aluminum,  n .  480 

Richards  &  Co.’s  side  planer,  hi .  .  325 

Riggs  collection  of  armor,  i .  169 

iv . 272 

Riley  cyclone  nozzle. ,  v . . . 29, 276, 362, 610 

Riley,  C.  V.— 

Articles  by,  v . 3, 141, 229, 265, 309, 461, 480 

Brief  history  of  United  States  exhibit,  v .  491 

Circular  of  announcement,  v .  851 

Introduction  to  report,  v . 23 

Letter  of  submittal  (part  II),  v, , . . . .  488 

Toast  of,  at  international  congress,  v . . .  534 

and  Amory  Austin,  report  on  farm  implements  and  agricultural  work,  v.  231 

international  congress  of  agriculture,  v. . . .  499 

live-stock  exhibit,  v .  461 

Riley,  James,  paper  on  nickel  and  steel  alloys,  read  before  Glasgow  Iron  and 

Steel  Institution,  n .  455 

Rivieres  du  Sud,  agricultural,  products  of,  v .  99 

Robert  process  for  producing  iron,  description  of,  and  exhibitors,  n .  413 

Societe  Anonyme  des  Hauts  Forneaux,  Fonderie,  Forges  et  Laminoirs  de  Stenay. 

Rogot  petroleum  engine,  hi .  147 

Roofing  slate  produced  in  the  United  States,  1884-87,  and  value  of,  I ...... .  412 

Root  boiler,  ill .  82 

Roots  cultivated  in  France,  v .  75 

various  garden  crops  of ,  v . . .  654 

Roscoe,  Sir  Henry,  lecture  on  aluminum  before  Royal  Institution,  London,  n.  466 

Rose,  black  spot  of,  v .  791 

rust  ( Phragmidium  mucronatum),  v .  .  791 

Roser  boiler,  hi .  86 

Rossigneaux’s  pump-rod  balance,  hi .  272 

Rotch,  A.  Lawrence,  report  on  meteorology  at  the  Paris  Exposition,  n .  239 

of  proceedings  of  International  Meteorological 
and  International  Hydrological  and  Climato¬ 
logical  Congresses,  n . 273 

Rouen  school  of  art,  II .  30 

Roumania  exhibits — 

Agriculture,  v . .  .............  119, 213 

Drawing  and  modeling,  II.  .  :  . . . .  164 

Medicine  and  surgery,  n .  176 

Printing  and  books,  II  . . . .  154 

Stationery,  etc. ,  n . . . . . .  158 

School  apparatus,  II .  .  128 

Secondary  instruction,  II . . . . .  ...  135 

Superior  education,  n . 144 

Roux,  Combaluzier  and  Lepape  Elevators,  in . . .  200 

Rubus  canadensis  native  to  Northern  States,  v .  680 

ocddentalis  wild  in  Central  and  Eastern  States,  v .  680 

strigosus,  manner  of  propagation,  v .  680 


GENERAL  INDEX.  547 

Page. 

Eulms  trivialis  in  South,  v . .  680 

villosus,  most  important  species  of  the  blackberry,  v .  680 

Rudge  Cycle  Company,  award  of  gold  medal  for  exhibit  of  cycles,  hi .  62 

Eumex  acetosa,  cultivation  of ,  v .  82 

Rural  assistance,  report  of  M.  Gomot,  v .  510 

resolutions  of  international  congress  on,  v .  511 

house-building  in  America,  ii .  13 

Rusk,  J.  M.,  letter  of  transmittal  to  Secretary  of  State  of  part  ii,  volume  v. . .  487 

Secretary  of  Agriculture,  v .  828 

Russia — 

Agronomy  of ,  v .  157 

Agronomic  instruction  in,  V .  218 

Exhibits  : 

Agronomy,  v .  121 

Art  department,  ii .  89 


Painters  in  oil:  M’lle  Marie  Bashkirtzeff,  Joseph  Chelmonski,  Jean  End> 
gouroff,  Alexis  Harlanroff,  Samuel  Hirszenberg,  Kouznetzoff,  Georges  Lehmann, 
Constantine  Makouski,  Joseph  Pankiewiez,  Ivan  Pranishnikoff,  Swiedomski, 
Vinceslas  Szymanowski. 

Painters  in  water  colors  and  pastel,  and  pen-and-ink  artists  :  Adalbert  Gerson, 


Pranishnikoff,  Samokich,  Pierre  Sokoloff. 

Sculptor :  Pierre  Jourgueneff. 

Drawing  and  modeling,  ii .  164 

Furniture  and  accessories,  ii .  296 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n. .  190 

Caucasian  Mountains,  plan  of  Kiew. 

Medicine  and  surgery,  n .  176 

Meteorological  section,  ii.  . .  269 

J.  Timtchenko,  L.  Rabniowitch. 

Musical  instruments,  n .  170 

Krall  &  Seidler  Malecki,  Kerntopf  &  Son,  Glavatch. 

Printing  and  books,  II . 154 

Scientific  instruments,  n . 182 

School  apparatus,  Ii .  128 

Secondary  instruction,  ii . 135 

Stationery,  etc.,  n .  158 

Probable  increased  production  of  wheat,  v .  627 

Rust  or  mildew  affecting  cereals,  v .  633 

Rye,  exhibits  and  cultivation  of,  v . 51, 86, 120, 122 

yield  in  United  States  and  value,  v .  630 


s. 


Saccharometer  for  estimating  maturity  of  grape,  V. .  .  372 

Safety  lamps,  in . . , .  278 

Sainfoin  for  forage,  v .  55, 86 

Sainte,  Kahn  &  Co.’s  emery  wheels  and  grinders,  in .  334 

Salad  plants,  list  of,  v .  657 

Salads,  varieties  cultivated  in  France, v .  80 

Sale  of  the  “  Angelus,”  ii .  19 

Salsify,  cultivation  of,  v .  655 

Salt,  production  of,  in  United  States,  from  1883  to  1887,  by  localities,  i .  407 

discovery  of,  in  Kansas,  i . 407 

New  York,  i .  407 

Salt  roll  for  cattle,  v .  261 


548  GENERAL  INDEX. 

Salvador  exhibits —  Page. 

Agriculture,  v .  ...  139> 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n . 164 

Musical  instruments,  n . 171 

Printing  and  books,  II .  154 

Scientific  instruments,  n .  182 

Schools,  II .  129> 

Santa  Ana  National  College  for  Young  Ladies,  Salmon  Cafias,  statistics  and  natural 
history  specimens  by  Dr.  David  Guzman. 

Secondary  instruction,  n .  135* 

Stationery,  etc.,  II .  158 

Superior  education,  n .  144 

San  Domingo  exhibits  of  printing  and  books,  n .  .  153 

San  Marino — 

Agricultural  instruction  in,  v .  214 

Exhibits: 

Agriculture,  v. . . . .  213 

Drawing  and  modeling,  it .  164 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n .  191 

Schools,  ii .  129 

Secondary  instruction,  n .  135 

Superior  education,  n .  144 

Sandberg  metal  railway  tie,  in . .  . .  517 

Sandwich  Islands,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v .  128 

peanuts  in,  v . 674 

Sapodilla,  testing  of ,  v .  684 

Sautter,  Lemonnier  &  Co.,  arc  lamp,  iv .  60 

dynamo,  iv .  40 

Saw  sharpener,  hi . . .  .  332 

Saxony  knitting  machine  (Abel  Machine  Company  exhibitor),  hi .  385 

Scale,  fluted,  progress  in  controlling,  v. . . .  606 

insects,  gas  treatment  of,  v .  608 

use  of  kerosene  and  resin  compounds  against,  v .  607 

Scarabseid  larvae,  kerosene  used  to  destroy,  v  . .  607 

Scheme  of  classification,  agricultural  exhibit,  v .  24 

Schmerber  Brothers’  power  press  for  tiles,  hi .  418 

Schneider,  Henri,  patents  for  making  nickel  and  steel  alloys,  n .  458 

Schonheyder  water  meter  (Beck  &  Co.  exhibitors),  in .  234 

Schools — 

Agricultural: 

Austria  and  Hungary,  v .  153 

Central  Practical,  v . 210 

Ettelbriick,  v .  207 

Ferrestreu,  v .  213 

Free,  Beauvais,  v .  192 

National,  Grignon,  v . 177 

Montpellier,  Jv . 180 

Primary,  v . . . 187, 198, 201 

Belgium,  v . 203 

Superior,  Milan,  Pisa,  and  Naples,  v .  207 

Upsala,  and  Alnarp,  v . 214 

Art: 

Algiers,  n . . . . .  31 

Amiens,  II . . .  28- 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


549 


Schools — Continued. 

Art — Continued.  Page. 

Bourges,  n .  29 

Bordeaux,  n .  29 

Calais,  II .  29 

Conservatoiredes,  v .  190 

Dijon,  ii . 29 

Lyons,  n .  29 

Lille,  ii .  29 

Marseilles,  n .  29 

Montpellier,  n . .  30 

Nancy,  ii . 30 

Nice,  ii .  30 

Paris,  ii .  26 

Rouen,  n .  30 

St.  Etienne,  n .  30 

Toulouse,  ii . 30 

Turcoing,  II .  30 

Y  alenciennes ,  1 1 .  30 

at  Ada,  V . 201 

Cassa,  v . 198 

Debreczin,  v .  200 

Grand  Jonaw,  v .  179 

Istvan-Telek,  v .  202 

Keszthely,  v .  198 

Kolozs-Monostor ,  v .  198 

Mont-sur-Marchiennies,  v .  ...  204 

Piracicaba,  v .  219 

Prague,  v .  ...  .  198 

San-Bento  -de-Lages ,  v .  218 

Blind,  deaf  and  dumb,  exhibit  of  apparatus  for,  n .  129 

Brewing,  Germany,  v .  204 

Modiing  and  Prague,  v .  198 

Cantonal,  expenses  of  the,  v .  215 

Cornell  University,  n . 703 

Dairy,  v .  215 

Distilling,  founding  of,  recommended  in  France,  v . .518,  528 

and  starch  making,  Berlin,  v  .  206 

Farm,  v . 169,186 

Trois-Croix,  v . 168 

For  construction  of  agricultural  machines,  v .  213 

Forestry,  Nancy,  v . 193 

Grafting,  v .  345 

Harvard  University,  agricultural  science  at,  v .  817 

Horticultural,  national,  at  Versailles,  v .  182 

special,  v . 204,  215 

Kindergartens  in  France,  ii .  117 

Lehigh  University,  n . 699 

Lyons  municipal,  exhibit  of,  II . .  120 

Normal,  Japan,  v .  216 

Painting,  n .  24 

Polytechnic,  federal,  at  Zurich,  n . 705 

Pomological,  Ferrestreu,  v .  213 

Technological,  Massachusetts  Institute,  it. . . . .  699 


550 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Schools — Continued.  Page. 

Secondary  instruction,  Government,  Pretoria,  v . .  „ . .  216 

Shepherd,  v .  187 

national,  Moudjebeur,  v .  ...  188 

Sugar,  industrial,  v . 205 

Superior  primary,  v .  191 

Sylvicultural,  pratical,  Nogent-sur-Vernisson,  v . 194, 197 

Veterinary  : 

Alfort,  v .  196 

Buda-Pesth,v .  203 

French,  v .  . 162, 196 

Lyons,  v .  196 

Pelatas,  v . 219 

Yale  University,  II . 679 

Schuylersville  Creamery,  v .  568 

Science,  agricultural,  in  the  United  States,  report  of  A.  C.  True,  v .  809 

Scientific  applications  of  photography,  displays  of,  ii .  206 


In  medicine,  by  Dr.  Londe  and  Prof.  Charcot ;  in  military  operations,  by  French  Minis¬ 
ter  of  War,  Mr.  Gaston  Tissaudier,  and  Mr.  Shadbolt ;  in  astronomy  and  meteorology  ; 
to  motions  of  men  and  animals,  by  M.  Marey  and  W.  Muybridge  ;  to  scientific  research, 


by  Prof.  H.  A.  Rowlands. 

Scientific  instruments — 

Exhibits  of  Belgium,  ii .  180 

France,  ii .  177 

Great  Britain,  n .  181 

Switzerland,  II .  180 

the  United  States,  n .  179 

various  countries,  n .  135 

Report  of  Arthur  J.  Stace,  commissioner,  II .  177 

Sea  Island  cotton,  history  of,  by  W.  A.  Clark,  v .  702 

Search-light  apparatus,  ii .  235 

Seasoning  herbs,  v .  657 

Second  wines,  or  vins  de  marc ,  v .  423 

Secondary  instruction — 

Exhibits  of  Brazil,  n .  134 

Belgium,  n .  131 

Switzerland,  ii .  155 

the  United  States,  n .  133 

various  countries,  n .  135 

and  statistics  by  M.  Morel,  director  of  France,  II  .  130 

Secretaries  of  superior  jury,  list  of ,  i . . . . .  84 

Secretary  of  Agriculture,  duties  of,  v . . .  828 

Section  of  vegetable  pathology,  exhibit  of,  v .  780 

Sectional  steam  boilers,  hi . 76 

Seed — 

Canary,  v .  55 

Establishment  of  Vilmorin-Andrieux  et  Cie. ,  visited  by  section  of  in¬ 
ternational  congress,  v. . .  522 

Production  of,  v .  661 

Where  various  sorts  are  grown,  v .  662 

Seeders,  competitions  in,  V . 267, 269 

Seed-testing  stations,  v . . 175 

Self -skimming  foundry  ladle,  hi .  312 

Selig,  Sonnethal  &  Co.’s  grinding  machines,  m . . .  355 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


551 


Page. 

Sellers’  drill-grinder,  in . 349 

Sellers,  Wm.,  &  Co,,  quick-return  planer,  hi .  347 

Senegal,  exhibit  of  agriculture,  v .  98 

drawing  and  modeling,  II .  165 

printing  and  books,  II  .  154 

Separators,  buttermilk,  v . 254 

descriptions  and  figures  of,  v . . .  251 

mechanical,  v .  250 

Septosporium  on  grape,  v .  793 

Sericiculture — 

Efforts  to  introduce,  in  United  States,  v .  614 

Exhibits  of  foreign  countries,  v .  430 

French  exhibit,  v .  429 

In  Algeria,  v . . . .  .  . .  430 

Australia,  v . 197 

Hungary,  v . 154,433 

Resolutions  international  congress,  v . . .  529 

Station  at  Montpellier,  France,  v .  181 

Padua,  v .  208 

Statistics  of,  v .  427 

United  States  exhibit  of,  v . .  616 

Work  of  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture  in,  v. . . .  . .  .  615 

Serpolet  Bros.’  exhibit  of  steam  tricycle,  hi .  62 

Serpolet’s  instantaneous  steam  generator,  hi .  .  93 

Servia — 

Agricultural  instruction  in,  v . 214 

Agronomy  of,  v . 157 

Exhibits: 

Agriculture,  v .  123 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n .  190 

Musical  instruments,  n .  .  170 

Schools,  ii .  128 

Scientific  instruments,  II .  182 

Secondary  instruction,  II .  136 

'  Superior  education,  n .  144 

Wearing  apparel  and  accessories,  II .  366 

Setaria  italica,  v .  738 

Severac’s  metal  railway  tie,  ill .  516 

Sewing  and  clothing  machines — 

Awards  to  United  States  exhibitors,  in  . .  .  ...  34 

International  Buttonhole  Machine  Company,  Wheeler  and  Wilson  Manufacturing 
Company,  Davis  Sewing  Machine  Company,  New  Home  Sewing  Machine  Company, 

Singer  Sewing  Machine  Company,  White  Sewing  Machine  Company,  Paine  Shoe 
Lasting  Machine  Company,  medals. 

Classification  of  exhibits,  hi . 33 

Comely,  E.,  exhibit  of  “  Couso-Brodeur,”  ill .  . .  38 

Davis  Sewing  Machine  Company,  hi . 37 

Derriey,  M.  Jules,  exhibit  of,  hi .  40 

French  section,  exhibit  in,  hi .  37 

Hurtu  &  Hautin,  exhibit  of,  ill .  40 

International  Buttonhole  Sewing  Machine  Company,  hi .  34 

Legat  &  Herbert’s  machine  for  sewing  straw,  hi .  41 

Machines  for  sewing  straw,  hi .  41 

Paine’s  shoe-lasting  machine,  hi . 43 


552 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Sewing  and  clothing  machines — Continued.  Page. 

Singer  Manufacturing  Company,  hi .  .  86 

Wheeler  and  Wilson  Company,  hi .  85 

White  Sewing  Machine  Company,  hi .  87 

Shallot,  used  in  France,  v . .  83 

Sheep,  increase  of,  v  . . .  803 

races  exhibited,  v . 467 

Shell  boilers,  ill .  90 

Shepherd  school,  National,  in  Algeria,  v .  188 

Ship-repair  shipway  at  Rouen,  hi .  704 

Shorthorns,  exhibit  of ,  v .  .  .  461 

Shutters  for  instantaneous  photography,  n .  202 

Siam,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v  .  128 

Silicospiegel,  uses  of,  ii . .  .  429 

Silk  culture,  early  history  of,  v .  813 

in  Hawaii,  v . 129 

United  States,  v .  612 

list  of  exhibits,  v . . .  851 

(See  also  Sericiculture.) 

industry  of  the  United  States,  v .  614 

raw,  amount  consumed  in  United  States,  V .  614 

worm,  culture  in  Hawaii,  v .  129 

Silks  and  silk  fabrics,  grand  prizes  awarded,  n .  .  353 

review  by  A.  Van  Bergen,  n .  351 

statistics  of  the  trade,  n .  354 

Silo,  construction  and  cost,  v .  743 

and  ensilage,  improved,  report  of  Herbert  My  rick,  v  .  743 

Silver — 

Amount  in  United  States,  i  .  .  384 

used  industrially  in  the  United  States,  I .  384 

Cost  of  production  in  the  United  States,  i .  384 

Exported  to  China,  Japan,  The  Straits,  etc.,  in  1887-88,  i .  422 

Produced  in  Nevada  in  1887,  i .  385 

the  United  States  from  1870,  and  value .  384 

Value  of  production  of,  n .  403 

Simonds,  George  F.,  forging  machine,  ill .  .  30 

Singer  Company’s  exhibit  of  sewing  machines,  ill .  36 

Sisal  hemp,  imported  from  Yucatan,  v .  720 

Sisymbrium  nasturtium ,  cultivation  of ,  v .  82 

Slate,  I .  411 

Slotting  machine,  in .  339 

Smith  &  Coventry’s  tool  exhibit,  ill .  356 

Smokeless  powder,  iv . . . .  268 

Snuff,  tobacco  best  suited  to  manufacture  of,  v .  733 

Soaps,  glycerine,  and  stearine,  n . . .  .  610 

Social  economy,  review  of  exhibition  of ,  I .  101 

Societa  Tartufaria  Spoletina,  exhibit  of,  v .  114 

Societe  Agricole  et  Immobiliere  Franco- Africaine,  v .  .  ...  93 

Industrielle  de  Batna  et  du  Sud  Algerien,  v .  88 

Anonyme  des  forges  et  Chantiers  de  la  Mediterranee,  exhibit  of  war 

material,  naval  construction,  iv .  359 

industrial  exhibit,  hi .  462 

Centrale  d’ Apiculture  et  d’lnsectologie,  v .  435 

d’ Agriculture  de  Rennes,  v .  143 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


553 


Page. 

Societe  des  Agriculteurs  de  France,  v .  143 

anciens  6tablissements  Cail  exhibit,  in .  466 

Chemins  de  Fer  de  la  Mediterranee  exhibit,  ill .  484 

Frangaise  d’ Encouragement  de  l’lndustrie  Laitiere,  v .  148 

Generate  de  chemins  de  Fer  Economique  exhibit,  ill .  463 

Italienne  des  Chemins  de  Fer  Meridionaux  exhibit,  ill .  484 

Nationale  d’ Agriculture  de  France,  v .  143 

d’ Encouragement  a  l’Agriculture,  V .  145 

Suisse  of  Winterthur  exhibit,  ill . . .  483 

Societies,  agricultural,  v . , .  .142, 156,  206 

apicultural,Y .  157 

for  promoting  agriculture,  y .  810 

Society  of  Belgrade,  agricultural,  v .  157 

Woburn,  Royal  Agricultural,  v .  206 

Prince  Michael, y . .  .  157 

Sohon,  M.  d.,  A.  C.,  historical  account  of  processes  for  preserving  wood,  II. .  719 

Soja,  use  in  Japan,  Y .  . .  127 

Solarium  esculentum,  cultivation  in  France,  v .  69 

Sorghum — 

Cane,  quantity  of  molasses  from,  Y .  692 

Exhibits  and  cultivation  of,  v . 52,53,82,86 

Investigation  of  sugar-producing  capabilities  of,  v .  692 

Sugar,  amount  produced,  Y .  692 

used  as  forage  plant  in  France,  y .  53 

White,  used  by  Arabs,  v .  . .  54 

Sorghum  halepense  (Johnson  grass),  v .  738 

saccharatum,  cultivation  in  United  States,  v .  692 

Soups,  canning  of,  v . 548 

South  African  Republic — 

Agricultural  instruction  in,  Y .  216 

Exhibits: 

Agriculture,  v . 126 

Maps  and  apparatus,  II .  .....  .  191 

Musical  instruments,  II .  171 

South  and  Central  America,  condition  of  art  in,  II . .  96 

South  Kensington  Museum,  influence  of,  II . 15 

Space  allotted  to  exhibits  in  general  mechanics,  hi .  ....  71 

occupied  by  exhibitors  in  machinery,  in. . . .  13 

Spain  exhibits — 

Art  department,  II. . . .  . . .  .  58 

Painters :  Luis  Alvarez,  Jose  J.  Aranda,  Jose  Casado  del  Alesal,  Antonio  Gisbert, 

Felix  Resurrecion  Hidalgo,  Louis  Jiminez,  Raimundo  de  Madrozo,  Jos6  Carbonero 
Moreno,  Francisca  Pradilla,  Martin  Rico,  Emilio  Francis  y  Sala. 

Pen-and-ink  artist :  Daniel  Urrabieta  Vierge. 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n . . . .  163 

Lazaro,  Artistic  Society  of  Barcelona,  school  of  art  at  Ferrol. 

Insects,  v .  443 

Maps  and  apparatus,  ii. . 190 

Medicine  and  surgery,  II .  176 

Musical  instruments,  ii .  170 

Printing  and  books,  ii .  153 

Scientific  instruments,  n . 182 

Schools,  ii .  128 

Cadiz  Academy  of  Fine  Arts,  Cadiz  School  of  Arts  and  Trades,  Madrid  Art  School, 
Barcelona  Institute. 


554 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Spain  exhibits — Continued.  Page. 

Secondary  instruction,  n .  185 

Stationery,  etc. ,  u .  .  157 

Superior  education,  n .  143 

Technical  instruction,  n .  199 

Barcelona  Association  of  Industrial  Engineers. 

Spanish  colonies,  agricultural  exhibit  of,  v .  ....  125 

measles  of  the  grape,  v .  793 

moss  used  in  mattresses, v .  721 

Special  grinding  machinery  for  rectifying,  in . .  343 

Special  railway  engines  and  appliances — 

Decauville  railway,  hi  .  .  500 

Engine  for  high  speed,  in .  501 

Railway  motors,  in  .  464 

Speed  regulator,  hi .  502 

Special  wines,  v .  406 

Specimens  of  iron  construction  in  Paris,  hi . 801 

Speed  register  of  electricity,  iv .  228 

Sperry  dynamo,  iv . 43 

Sphcerella  fragarice,  v .  790 

Spices  and  condiments,  iv .  714 

Spider,  red,  kerosene  and  sulphur  used  against,  v . .  (  08 

Spinach,  culture  of,  v . . .  82 

varieties  sown,  v .  ....  .  .  . .  656 

Spinning  and  weaving  machines  ;  awards  to  United  States  exhibitors,  ill. . .  32 

National  Cordage  Company;  Eureka  Fire-Hose  Company. 

Spirits,  alcohol,  iv .  776 

Sponge  cucumber,  used  in  South  America  and  West  Indies,  v. . .  722 

Spot  disease  of  the  maple  ( Phyllosticta  acericola ),  v .  791 

Sprague  electric  railway  system,  iv .  ....  73 

Spray  nozzles,  consideration  of ,  v .  610 

Spraying  machines,  enumeration  of,  v .  276 

Sprayers — 

Consideration  of,  v . 275,361 

Frechou,  v .  277 

Japy,  v . 275,363 

Noel  nozzle,  v .  277 

Pilter-Bourdil,  V .  279 

Riley  nozzle,  V .  . 29, 276,  362 

Roth,  v .  277 

Vermorel,  v .  . . . 276, 281 

Yvert,  v .  280 

Spring-needle  circular-knitting  machine  (J.  S.  Crane  &  Co.  exhibitors),  hi.  .  390 

Squashes,  average  price  of ,  v .  660 

varieties  grown,  v . 653 

in  France,  v .  76 

St.  Etienne  School  of  Art,  ii .  30 

St.  Luke’s  Hospital,  South  Bethlehem,  Pa.,  description  of,  n .  805 

St.  Pierre  and  Miquelon  fishery,  exhibit  of,  v .  105 

Stace,  Arthur  J. ,  commissioner,  report  on  education  and  the  liberal  arts,  H . .  115 

stationery,  bookbinding,  and  arti¬ 
cles  used  in  painting  and  draw¬ 
ing.  ii .  155 

superior  education,  n .  136 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


555 


Page. 

Stachys  tubifera,  qualities  of ,  v . . . .  76 

Staff  of  Commissioner-General  of  United  States,  I. . . . .  75 

Standard  cell  for  measuring  electricity,  IV .  224 

Standards  for  dietaries,  v .  ...  808 

Starch-making  and  distilling,  school  of,  at  Berlin,  v . . .  206 

State  encouragement  to  art  students  and  artists,  II .  23 

Stationery,  bookbinding,  and  articles  used  in  painting  and  drawing — 

Exhibits  of  various  countries,  n .  156 

Report  of  Arthur  J.  Stace,  commissioner,  II .  155 

Stations — 

Agronomic,  v . 147,  207, 224 

Campinas,  v .  159 

Pas-de-Calais,  V .  149 

Pondicherry,  v . 101 

Chemico-agricultural,  v .  154 

Experiment,  v .  194 

For  trials  of  machinery,  v .  154 

Seed-testing,  v . 153, 175 

Sericicultural,  v . 181,208 

Statistics  of  admission  to  the  Exposition,  1 .  216 

agriculture  of  the  United  States,  v .  797 

Statues  and  monuments  generally  considered,  II .  6 

Steam  engines — 

Exhibit  of ,  in  .  98 

In  British  section,  in .  125 

Davy,  Paxman  &  Co. 

United  States  section,  ill .  123 

C.  H.  Brown  &  Co. ;  Straight  Line  Engine  Company;  Armington  &  Sims;  Jerome 
Wheelock. 

Steam  gauges,  hi .  224 

indicators,  ill .  .  233 

Steel  bridge  at  Rouen  on  the  Seine,  hi  . .  745 

magnets,  IV  . 246 

mine  cars,  hi . 287 

production  of,  by  countries,  n. . . .  402 

rails,  production  of,  I  .  379 

Steinler  &  Co.’s  machine  works  and  tool  exhibit,  ill . 28,  339 

Stemmer,  Gaillot’s  rotating,  v . 378 

Stemming  of  grapes,  v. . . . .  377 

Steno-telegraphy,  iv  .  102 

Stirrer  pump  for  insecticides,  V .  609 

Stock  yard,  Chicago,  v . 541 

Stomach  contents  of  crows,  v . 780 

Straight-knitting  machines,  in .  376 

with  fashioning  mechanism ,  hi .  386 

power  mechanism,  hi .  380 

Straight-Line  Engine  Company’s  exhibit,  hi .  124 

Strangleweed,  parasitic  on  forage  plants,  v .  56 

Stratton’s  tree-planter,  v .  306 

Strawberry,  grown  in  all  parts  of  United  States,  V .  679 

where  most  grown,  v .  680 

leaf -blight  {Splicerella  fragarice),  v . .  790 

Strawbinding  harvester,  v .  290 


556 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Strawsonizer,  use  and  description  of,  v .  304 

String  beans,  price  of  early  yield,  v . .  660 

Strong  locomotive,  in . . . . .  497 

Submarine  cable  telegraphy,  iv . . .  115 

Sucrose,  per  cent  of,  in  maple  sap,  v . . .  691 

Sugar — 

Beet,  cultivated  extensively  in  Belgium,  v .  107 

cultivation  of,  v . 71,97 

industry  of,  Austria  and  Hungary,  v . . .  105 

Sandwich  Islands,  v . 128 

varieties  of,  v .  73 

Cane,  v . . . .103, 117, 128, 135, 692 

Corn,  canning  of,  v. . . . .  . . .  670 

raised  as  a  kitchen  vegetable,  V .  649 

Cultivation  in  Madagascar,  v .  100 

New  Caledonia,  v .  103 

From  beets,  v  . . . . 520, 692 

Industry,  iv  .  665 

in  United  States,  report  of  H.  W.  Wiley,  v .  691 

Maple,  v .  691 

Production  and  consumption,  v . 519 

Sorghum,  v .  692 

used  for  forage  in  France,  V .  53 

Sulpho-carbonate  of  potassium  for  Phylloxera,  V . . .  454 

Sulphur,  fumes  of,  used  to  bleach  hops,  v . ' .  666 

and  kerosene,  used  as  remedies  against  mites,  v .  608 

Sulphur  and  sulphuric  acid — 

Bisulphide  of  carbon  (sulphocarbonite),  II .  543 

Dioxide  and  sulphites,  n  .  542 

Fuming  sulphuric  acid,  n .  556 

Refining  of ,  II .  540 

Sulphur  and  its  derivations,  n .  535 

materials  of  manufacture  and  processes  of,  I. . . .  547 

methods  of  extraction,  II .  536 

Sulzer’s  engine,  hi .  116 

Sunbeam  (Jansen’s)  incandescent  lamp,  iv .  66 

Superior  education — 

Exhibits  of  Belgian  establishments  for,  n .  138 

Director  of,  and  of  the  Minister  of  Public  Instruction  and 

Fine  Arts  of  France,  n .  137 

work  from  establishments  for,  in  Switzerland,  II .  142 

the  United  States,  n .  140 

various  countries,  n . .  143 

Report  of  Arthur  J.  Stace,  commissioner,  n . .  136 

Superior  jury — 

Distribution  of  foreign  members  by  countries  and  by  classes,  1 .  95 

List  of  members  of,  I . . .  83 

secretaries  of ,  I .  84 

Regulations  governing,  i . . .  91 

Report  of  Georges  Berger,  Commissioner-General  of  the  Exposition,  I. . .  85 

Surinam,  source  of  peanut  supply  for  Antilles,  v .  674 

Sweden — 

Agricultural  instruction  in,  V . 214 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


557 


Sweden — Continued. 

Exhibits :  Page. 

Agriculture,  v . 116 

Art  department,  II . . .  92 


Painters  in  oil :  Richard  Bergh,  Nils  Forsberg,  Auguste  Hagborg,  Ernest  Joseph- 
son,  Carl  Larsson,  Bruno  Lilijefors,  Allan  Osterlind,  M’lle  Hanna  Pauli-Hirsch 
Hugo  Salmson,  Alfred  Wahlberg,  Anders  Zorn. 

Painters  in  water  colors  and  pastel :  Carl  Larsson,  Robert  Thegertrom,  Alf 
Wallender,  Anders  Zorn. 

Sculptor :  Pierre  Hasselberg. 


Technical  instruction,  n .  199 

Sweet  potatoes — 

Cultivation  of,  V .  646 

French  exhibit  of,  v .  65 

Prices  for  early  and  late  supply,  v .  659 

Production  by  States,  v  . . .  647 

Where  grown,  v .  646 

Swine — 

Asiatic  race,  v .  469 

At  Chicago  fat-stock  show,  v .  564 

Breeds  exhibited,  v .  468 

kept  in  United  States,  v .  . . . .  561 

Celtic  race,  v .  . . .  468 

Iberian  race,  v . 469 

Increase  of ,  v . 808 

Manner  of  fattening,  v . . . .  .  563 

Products,  average  export  of,  v  ...  . . .  805 

Switches  for  electric  lines,  IV .  .  83 

Switzerland — 

Agricultural  instruction  in,  v . 214 

At  the  cattle  show,  v . . .  464 

Exhibits : 

Agriculture,  V .  125 

Apiculture,  v .  438 

Art  department,  n  . . . . . . . .  94 

Painters :  Baud  Bovy,  Ernest  Bieler,  Louise  Breslau,  Eugene  Bernand,  Jules 
Girodet,  Charles  Giron,  Edouard  Ravel,  Alphonse  Stengelin. 

Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products,  n . .  610 

J.  H.  Pestalozzi,  Societe  pour  Plndustrie  chimique. 

Drawing  and  modeling,  II . 162 

Homberg,  of  Berne  ;  Orell,  Fiissli  &  Co,  of  Zurich. 

Furniture  and  accessories,  II . 295 

Live  stock,  v .  464 

Maps  and  apparatus,  ii .  187 

Simon,  of  Basel,  Imfeld,  Ringier,  of  Berne,  Heine,  of  Zurich,  Federal  topo¬ 
graphic  office,  Bonthillier  de  Beaumont,  Hofer  &  Bergers,  Wurster,  Randegger 
&  Co. 

Medicine  and  surgery,  n . 176 

Wienaud,  Schenkler,  Reverdin. 

Meteorological  section,  n .  .  264 

Th.  Usteri  Reinacher,  of  Zurich. 

Musical  instruments,  II . . . 169 

Rordorf  &  Co.,  Trost  &  Co.,  Baiger,  Wahlen,  Siebenhuner,  Wolff. 

Printing  and  books,  ii  .....  . . . .  152 

Cantonal  School  of  Industrial  Arts,  Geneva;  Colliond,  of  Berne;  Clo,  of  Sion;  Sin- 
noutre,  of  Basel. 


558 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Switzerland — Continued. 

Exhibits— Continued.  Page. 

Railways,  in .  483 

School  system,  statistics,  and  methods,  n .  126 

Scientific  instruments ,  II  . .  180 

Kern  &  Company,  Genevese  Society,  Usteri-Rienacher,  Amsler-Loffon  &  Son, 
Klingelfuss,  Despres,  Chatelain,  Coradi. 

Secondary  instruction,  ii .  133 

Baeehtold,  Hassig,  Hofer  &  Burger,  Kradolfer, Lussy.  Orell  Fiissli  &  Co.,  Tro- 
chsler,  Wettstein  &  Co. 

Stationery,  etc. ,  n .  157 

Superior  education,  n .  142 

Zurich  School  of  Art  and  Female  Labor,  International  League  for  Sunday 
Observance,  Orell,  Fiissli  &  Company,  Zurich. 

Technical  instruction,  II . 199 

Girls1  schools  of  Zurich  and  Locle,  Technical  school  of  Wintherthur. 

Sylviculture,  instruction  in,  v . . . . 194,  215 

Syndicates,  professional  agricultural,  v .  142 

Synopsis  of  classification  of  exhibits,  I .  258 

System  of  art  education  in  France,  n .  23 

Systems  of  transmission  and  distribution  of  electricity,  iv .  67 

T. 

Tables  of — 

Corn  distribution  in  United  States,  v .  799 

Cost  of  transmitting  power,  hi .  161 

Cotton  and  tobacco  distribution,  v . . .  801 

Oats  distribution,  v .  800 

Wheat  distribution  in  United  States,  v .  798 

Tahiti,  agricultural  exhibit  of ,  v .  .  104 

drawing  and  modeling,  exhibit  of,  n .  165 

Tail  rope  counterweight  at  Lyons  coal  shaft,  hi . 270 

Tan  barks,  exhibit  of ,  v . 774 

Tank  locomotive,  made  by  la  Soci6t6  “  La  Metallurgique ”  of  Brussels,  hi.  . .  472 

Tanning,  formula  for,  v .  598 

materials,  analyses  of,  v .  775 

Tap  straightening  machines,  hi .  324 

Tapestry,  carpets,  etc. — 

Exhibits  of  Austria-Hungary,  II .  308 

France,  n .  306 

Great  Britain,  ii .  308 

Holland,  n . 308 

Number  of  exhibitors,  II . 306 

Report  of  David  Urquhart,  jr.,  n .  306 

Taraxacum  dens-leonis,  cultivation  of,  v .  82 

Taro,  cultivation  of,  in  Oceanica,  v .  129 

Tarragon,  use  and  propagation,  v. . .  83 

Tartar,  obtained  from  marc,  v .  .  424 

Tasimeter,  iv  . 226 

Tasmania,  mineral  exhibit  of,  v . . .  112 

producing  peanuts,  v .  674 

Taucarville  lock,  single  gate,  canal  from  Havre  to  Taucarville,  in .  702 

Taylor,  Thomas,  report  on  microscopy  and  food  adulterations,  v .  783 

Taylor’s  gas  engine,  in .  .  ...  148 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


559 


Page. 

Taylor’s  combination  freezing  microtome,  v .  .  787 

pocket  polariscope,  v. . .  .  786 

Tea  industry,  iv .  709 

Technical  instruction — 

Exhibits  of  France,  ii .  194 

Industrial  Scholars’  Museum,  n .  194 

the  United  States,  n .  196 

various  countries,  II .  198 

History  of,  in  France,  n .  193 

Report  of  C.  Wellman  Parks,  ii .  193 

Technical  strength  of  the  French  School  of  Art,  n .  20 

Telegraphy  and  telephony — 

Telegraphy,  iv .  99 


Single  transmission  systems — Hughes’  apparatus,  Estienne,  Herodote,  permanent 
charge,  steno-telegraphy,  train  telegraphy,  telephonograph,  autographic,  Gray’s 
telautograph  ;  automatic  te’egraphy— Wheatstone,  Meyer  automatic  repeater  ;  diplex 
systems,  duplex  systems — Edison,  Hughes,  phonopore  telegraphy ;  quadruplex  sys¬ 
tems,  multiplex  systems — Hughes,  radiophonic,  Limon,  Claude  ;  submarine  cable 
telegraphy,  accessories. 


Telephony,  iv .  . .  119 

Systems  in  France,  receivers— Ader,  double  diaphragms,  concentric  poles,  polarized 
diaphragms  ;  transmitters — microphone,  powdered  carbon,  Ader  long-distance  tele¬ 
phone  ;  accessories,  systems  of  transmission,  miscellaneous. 

Telephone  apparatus  for  divers,  iv .  130 

bullet  probe,  iv . .  .  131 

transmission  systems,  iv .  .  .  127 

Telephonograph,  iv . 104 

Telephonographic  transmission,  iv  .  .  131 

Tendencies  of  modern  art,  ii .  16 

Teosinte,  as  a  forage  crop,  v .  .  56 

Terquem,  E.,  superintendent  of  display  of  American  publications,  n .  149 

Terrot’s  circular  knitting  machine,  ill  . .  . . .  391 

with  spring  needles,  ill .  392 

Tests  of  gas  consumption  by  gas  engines,  hi .  142 

Tetranychus  telarius,  treatment  of,  v .  608 

Texas  bluegrass  ( Poa  arachnifera),  v .  738 

millet  (Panicum  texanum),  Y .  738 

Textile  fabrics,  wearing  apparel,  and  accessories — 

Classified  table  of  exhibitors  and  awards  by  countries,  n .  336 

Prize  winners  in  the  United  States,  n .  335 

Report  of  W.  H.  Chandler,  ph.  d.,  f.  c.  s.,  ii .  335 

Review  by  A.  Van  Bergen,  ii .  339 

Textile  fibers  of  United  States,  v .  .  695 

list  of  exhibits,  v .  869 

report  of  Charles  Richards  Dodge,  v .  695 

Theatrophone,  iv .  130 

Thermogenerators — 

Chalk  battery  (Edison),  iv .  230 

Chaudron,  iv .  229 

Clarmond-Carpentier,  iv .  230 

Pyromagnetic  motor,  iv .  230 

Thompson,  John,  water  meter,  in  .  241 

Thomson-Houston  amperemeter,  iv .  210 

arc  light,  iv .  59 

dynamo  and  motor,  iv .  38, 44 


560 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


Page. 

Thomson-Houston  electric  railway  system,  iv .  73 

Thomson  (Elihu)  amperemeter,  iv .  210 

ampere-hour  meter,  iv .  228 

apparatus  for  research  into  electricity,  iv .  227 

arc  light,  iv .  59 

compensating  system  of  transmitting  electricity,  iv .  69,71 

galvanometer,  iv .  191 

Thomson  (Sir  William)  standard  ampere  balances,  iv .  211 

Thorne  type  setting  and  distributing  machine,  exhibit  of,  hi .  53 

Thread  and  fabrics  of  hemp,  flax,  etc.,  exhibit  of  France,  n .  347 

review  of  A.  Van  Bergen,  n .  347 

Thury  dynamo,  iv .  34 

Tillandlia  usenoides,  substitute  for  curled  hair  in  mattresses,  v .  721 

Timothy  (Phleum  pratense),  v . 737 

Tin — 

Discussion  by  Prof.  J.  S.  Newberry  on  deposits  in  the  United  States,  II. .  144 

Exhibitors  of  (with  notes),  I  .  404 

ore,  ii . 447 

Cleveland  Tin  Mining  Company,  Harney  Peak  Tin  Mining  Company. 

Where  found  in  United  States,  i .  404 

Tieste,  national  beverage  of  Nicaragua,  v .  .  139 

Tobacco — 

Area  cultivated,  v .  730 

Attempts  to  repress  use  of  ,v .  726 

Botanical  description  of ,  v .  .  727 

Early  culture  in  Maryland,  v . . .  729 

Virginia,  v .  727 

Exhibits  and  cultivation  of,  v . 101, 120, 126, 132 

In  the  United  States,  v . . .  725 

Increase  of  crop,  v .  801 

Introduction  into  Europe,  v .  726 

Its  manufacture,  v . 780 

List  of  exhibits,  v .  .  875 

Notes,  currency  of  colonial  Virginia,  v .  727 

Order  of  cities  in  manufacture  of ,  v .  732 

States  in  manufacture  of ,  v .  732 

Origin  of  name,  v . . . . .  725 

Report  of  Alex.  McDonald,  v . . .  725 

Principal  types  and  their  uses,  v . , . . .  733 

Producing  belt  of,  V .  730 

Production  restricted,  v .  802 

Recent  distribution  of  crop,  v . .  . . .  729 

Varieties  of ,  v . : .  69 

and  distribution,  v .  731 

Whence  exported,  v  ...  .  .733 

Tobacco  and  cotton  distribution,  v .  801 

Tomatoes — 

Canning  of,  v . . .  670 

Cultivation  of,  v .  652 

•  in  France,  V  .  . .  .  69 

Prices  of  early  product,  v .  660 

Require  high  degree  of  heat,  v .  652 

Varieties  grown,  v . .  652 

in  France,  v .  69 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


561 


Page. 


Tonkin,  agricultural  products  of,  v .  102 

Topinambour,  cultivation  and  use  of,  v .  75 

Torcy-neuf  reservoir  for  feeding  the  Central  Canal,  France,  in .  612 

Torricelli’s  telescope  in  the  physical  museum  at  Florence,  ii .  216 

Total  amount  of  dividends  paid  by  certain  American  mines  to  1888, 1 .  418 

Toulouse  school  of  art,  ii . . .  30 

Towage  for  boats  by  a  submerged  chain  with  a  fireless  engine,  III .  631 

Toys— 

Exhibitors  of,  II .  377 


Emile  Jumeau,  Steiner,  Chevrot,  Rabery,  Lefevre  Brothers,  Bourgeois.Vichy  Rossig- 
nol,  Niquet  &Bouchet,  Villard&,Weil,Crauser,  Desportes,  Delegrave,  Mallete,  Bassee, 
Grosse  Reynaud,  Maning,  Brissouet  Laurent,  Lepierre  Chauvin,  Bazin ,  Blanchon,  Julien, 
Maury,  Thibouville  &  Lamy,  Rolleau  &  Toiseau,  Bigot,  Duthiel,  Duhotoy,  Chenel,  Mon- 
charmont,  Janou  Jost,  Foin  &  Dumon,  Arthaud,  Halle,  Dumont,  Carreire,  Sevette,  Run- 


galdier,  Roulleau,  Mercier,  Poudra,  Talon,  Pean,  Foliot,  Ouachee. 

Review  by  A.  Van  Bergen,  ii .  376 

Trade  of  United  States,  foreign,  for  1887-88,  V .  807 

Train  telegraphy,  IV .  104 

Training  rivers  through  tidal  estuaries,  essay  by  Prof.  Vernon- Harcourt,  ill. .  653 

Transformer  system  of  transmitting  electricity,  iv .  71 

Transformers,  electric,  iv  . . . .  49 

Traveling  and  camp  equipage — 

Exhibitors  of,  ii .  375 


Mackintoshes  :  Mr.  Mackintosh;  waterproof  garments,  Fayaud;  Guibal;  Hutchinson; 


Torrilhon. 

Rubber  shoes  :  Boston  India  Rubber  Shoe  Company. 

Camp  bed :  M.  Thuan. 

Tents :  M.  Quillons. 

Furniture  :  M.  Clair-Leproust ;  Marks’s  Adjustable  Folding  Chair  Company. 

Review  by  A.  Van  Bergen,  ii . . .  375 

Traversing  bridge  over  dock  locks  at  St.  Malo-St.  Suran,  hi .  718 

Tree-planting  machine,  v . 29,306 

Trichiniasis,  v .  551 

Triticum  durum,  cultivation  in  Algeria,  v .  85 

Tropical  fruits,  v .  683 

True,  A.  C. ,  history  and  present  condition  of  agricultural  science  in  United 

States,  v .  809 

Truffles — 

Collecting,  by  means  of  trained  dogs  and  hogs,  v .  . .  43 

Exhibit  of,  V .  38 

Exportation  of,  v .  . 43 

Italian,  v .  43 

Nature  and  mode  of  occurrence,  v .  41 

Perigord  and  other  varieties,  v .  42 

Produced  in  France  in  1869,  v . 43 

Tuber  cestivum,  v .  42 

brumale,  v .  .  42 

magnatum,  v .  43 

melanosporum,  v . 42 

mesentericum,  v .  42 

Tunis— 

Farming  tools  of ,' v .  ...  90 

Vegetable  products  of ,  v . 93 

Exhibits : 

Agriculture,  v . . . .  90 

H.  Ex.  410- - 36 


562 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Tunis — Continued. 

Exhibits — Continued.  Page. 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n .  165 

Printing  and  books,  u .  . . . .  154 

Secondary  instruction,  II. . .  .  136 

Superior  education,  ii .  145 

Tunnel  through  Cabres  Pass,  ill . .  773 

Tuns,  consideration  of,  v .  .  394 

Turcoing  school  of  art,  II . . .  30 

Turnips,  cultivation  of,  v . 74, 648 

early  spring  supply,  v .  655 

for  stock  and  for  table,  v. . .  .  648 

Turpentine  orcharding,  v  .  771 

Turrettini,  Col.,  tables  by, of  cost  of  transmitting  power,  in .  161 

Tuttle  knitting  machine  (Lamb  Company  exhibitor),  n  I . .  398 

Type  and  type-printing  material,  in .  .  51 

setting  and  distributing  machines,  ill .  51 

writers,  exhibit  of ,  in .  55 

U. 

Uncinula  ampelopsidis,  v .  792 

United  States — 

Exhibitors: 

Alphabetical  catalogue  of ,  i .  344 

Classified  catalogue  of ,  I .  261 

List  of  awards  to,  and  collaborators,  i . .  424 

donations  made  by,  i .  452 

Exhibits: 

Agriculture,  brief  history  of,  v .  491 

general  classification  of,  v .  492 

press  reviews  of,  v. . . .  .  887 

Apiculture,  v .  436 

Art  department  (and  review  of  in  Journal  des  Debats),  n .  61 

General  Painters:  Wm.  S.  Allen,  J.  Carroll  Beckwith,  Edward  A.  Bell,  Henry  S. 
Bisbing,  Robert  F.  Blum,  Frank  N.  Boggs,  Robert  B.  Brandegee,  Frank  A.  Bridg¬ 
man,  Howard  R.  Butler,  Wm.M.  Chase,  Wm.  A.  Coffin,  Kenyon  Cox,  Wm.  P.W. 

Dana,  Wm.  T.  Dannat,  Charles  H.  Davis,  Thos.  W.  Deering,  Wm.  L.  Dodge,  C. 

Ruger  Donoho,  Henry  F.  Farney,  Frank  Fowler,  Gilbert  Gaul,  Walter  Gay,  Carl 
Gutherez,  Alexander  Harrison,  Birge  Harrison,  Edward  L.  Henry,  George  Hitch¬ 
cock,  Wm.  H.  Howe,  Daniel  R.  Knight,  Walter  MacEwen,  J.  Gari  Melchers,  H. 
Humphrey  Moore,  Henry  Mosler,  J.  Douglass  Patrick,  Charles  D.  Pearce,  Henry 
G.  Plumb,  Charles  S.  Reinhart,  William  T.  Richards,  John  L.  Sargeant,  Julius  L. 
Stewart,  Julian  R.  Story,  Abbott  H.  Thayer,  Wordsworth  Thompson,  G.  S.Trues- 
dell,  Charles  F.  Ulrich,  Eugene  L.  Vail,  Horatio  Walker,  E.  L.  Weeks,  and  J.  Alden 
Weir. 

Portrait  painters  :  Anderson,  M’lle  Beaux,  G.  B.  Butler,  Cauldwell,  Delachaux, 

Eakins,  W.  Eaton,  Forbes,  Healy,  Hinckley,  Huntington,  Isham,  Johnson,  M’lle 
Kellogg,  Mme.  Klumpke,  Lockwood,  Meza,  Newman,  Peters,  Porter,  Renouf ,  Rice, 
Strickland,  Tarbell,  Throop,  Vonnoh,  Wight,  and  Wiles. 

Landscape  painters :  Benson,  Boyden,  Birch,  Bristol,  C.  H.  Eaton,  Fisher,  Gif¬ 
ford,  Gross,  Haas  (marine),  H.  Hamilton,  J.  M.  Hart,  Hassam,  Hayden,  Innes, 

Bolton  Jones,  MacEntee,  Macy,  Miller,  Minor,  Nicoll,  Parton,  Robbins,  Van  Bos- 
kerck,  Whiteman,  Whittridge,  Wickenden,  Ogden,  Wood,  and  Wyant. 

Historical  and  genre  painters:  Bacon, Baird, Birney,  Blashfield,  J.  G.  Brown, 
Darling,  Denman,  Dolph,Freor,  Elizabeth  Gardner,  Hovenden,  Irwin,  Kavanah, 
Koehler,  Millett,  MoelLer,  Potthast,  Ryder,  Shirlaw,  Stokes,  Turner,  Vedder,  Volk, 

Ward,  Webb,  Witt,  and  T.  W.  Wood. 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


563 


United  States — Continued. 

Exhibits — Continued . 

Art  department,  etc. — Continued.  Page. 

Water  color,  pen  and  ink,  and  pastel  artists:  Edward  A.  Abbey,  Charles  S.  Rein¬ 
hart,  Julius  L.  Stewart,  William  H.  Low,  Fred  Remington,  Julius  Rolshoven,Rosina 
E.  Sherwood,  William  J.Whittemore,  William  H.  Drake,  Eliza  Greatorex,  Joseph 
Pennell,  Irving  W.  Wiles,  E.  H.  Blashfield,  M.  H.  Gibson,  and  A.  C.  Redwood. 

Sculptors:  S.  H.  Adams,  Paul  W.  Bartlett,  H.  H.  Kitson,  Miss  T.  A.  Ruggles,  and 
Olin  L.  Warner. 

Engravers :  Aikman  (Miss),  Bernstrom,  Closson,  Cole,  Davidson,  Davis,  French, 
Johnson,  King,  Kingsley,  Kruell,  Lindsay,  Miller,  Caroline  A.  Powell,  Putnam, 
Smithweck,  Standenbour,  Tinkey,  Varley,  Wellington,  and  Wolff. 


Ceramics,  u .  302 

Rockwood  pottery. 

Chemical  and  pharmaceutical  products,  n .  542 


Seabury  &  Johnson,  Armour  &  Co.,  Le  Page  &  Co.,  Christine  Lugano,  Maclish 
Russian  Cement  Company  (Gloucester),  George  Upton,  Everett,  Ward  &  Co., 
R.  W.  Bell  Manufacturing  Company,  Brookhaven  Rubber  Shoe  Company,  Re¬ 
vere  Rubber  Company,  Waterbury  Company,  Henry  M.  Johnson,  Valentine  & 
Co.,  F.  W.  Devoe  &  Co.,  Frederic  Crane  Chemical  Company,  B.  F.  Brown  &  Co., 
Fairchild  Bros.  &  Foster,  W.  R.  Warner  &  Co.,  Chesebrough  Manufacturing 
Company,  Borne,  Scrymser  &  Co.,  F.  S.  Pease  &  Co.,  and  Garner  &  Co. 


Clocks  and  watches,  ii .  321 

Trenton  and  Waterbury  Watch  Companies,  Tiffany  &  Co. 

Decorated  papers,  n .  310 

Warren,  Lange  &  Co. 

Drawing  and  modeling,  II .  160 

Morgan,  of  Chicago,  Maillard,  Caroline  S.  Brooks,  Baldwin  &  Gleason  Com¬ 
pany,  Cooperative  Building  Plan  Association  of  New  York,  Dashiel,  Edwards, 

Harris,  Roth. 

Furniture  and  accessories,  n . .  296 

Brunswick-Balke-Collender  Company,  Cutler  &  Son,  Derby  Kilmer  Company, 
Werklen. 

Goldsmiths’  and  silversmiths’  work,  Ii .  314 

Tiffany  &  Co. ,  Gorham  and  Meriden  Brittannia  Companies. 

Heating  apparatus,  n .  323 

Stoves,  by  Simpson. 

Maps  and  apparatus,  ii .  186 

Department  of  Agriculture  ;  geological  maps  of  Wisconsin,  Pennsylvania,  Min¬ 
nesota,  New  Jersey,  and  New  York  ;  McNally  &  Co.;  Hall,  of  Albany  ;  Foote,  of 
Philadelphia;  Whitehouse,  General  Greely. 

Medicine  and  surgery,  ii . 175 

Frees,  Rhodes,  Lena  M.  Hoffman,  Seabury  &  Johnson,  Fell,  Piper,  Doremus 
&  Co.,  Pomeroy  Truss  Company,  Cleopatra  K.  Farrington,  Schott,  Roy,  Nichol¬ 
son,  Knapp,  Brown,  Farley. 

Meteorological  section,  n. . .  263 

Signal  service. 

Musical  instruction,  ii . 170 

Musical  instruments,  II .  170 

Weber,  Dion,  Bohmann. 

Portable  weapons,  ii  . 373 

Precious  stones,  ii .  387 

Printing  and  books,  II.  .  146 

Houghton,  Mifflin  &  Co.,  Appleton  &  Co.,  Gebbie  &  Co.,  Ivison,  Blakeman  &  Co., 

G.  C.  Merriam  &  Co.,  George  Barrie,  Estes  &  Lauriat,  Lippincott  Company,  D. 
Lothrop&Co.,  Barnes  &  Co.,  L.  Prang  &  Co.,  Tainter  Brothers  &  Co.,  Robert  M. 


564 


GENERAL  INDEX, 


United  States — Continued. 

Exhibits — Continued. 

Printing,  etc. — Continued.  Page. 

Lindsay,  McClurg  &  Co.,  Dodd,  Mead  &  Co.,  Henry  Carey  Baird  &  Co.,  Frederick 
A.  Stokes  &  Bro.,  John  Wiley  &  Sons,  Century  Company,  Johns  Hopkins  Uni¬ 
versity,  University  Publishing  Company,  American  Bookseller,  Dramatic  Mirror, 
Coutanseau’s  Monthly  Bulletin,  School  Bulletin  Publications,  Photo-Electrotype 
Engraving  Company,  Brentano’s,  War  and  Navy  Department,  Austin’s  System  of 
Chemical  Labels,  Armstrong  &  Knauer’s  “Manufactures  of  the  United  States 


for  Domestic  and  Foreign  Trade.” 

Railways,  II .  485 

Baldwin  engines,  Pennsylvania  Company,  H.  K.  Porter  &  Co.’s  locomotives, 

Strong  locomotives. 

Schools,  II .  156 


Boston  Public  Schools  ;  “Cooper  Union  Convent  of  Good  Shepherd,  Newport, 
Kentucky ;  Elizabeth  (New  Jersey)  public  school ;  Christiansen  Institute  of 
Brooklyn ;  Institute  of  Our  Lady  of  the  Sacred  Heart,  Washington  Heights, 
Illinois  ;  Marianna  Institute,  Arkansas  ;  Moline  (Illinois)  public  schools  ;  Mystic 
Valley  Institute,  Mystic  Bridge,  Connecticut ;  Penn  School,  St.  Helena  Island, 
South  Carolina  ;  Rowland  Hall  school,  Salt  Lake  City  ;  Silver  street  Kindergar¬ 
ten,  San  Francisco  ;  Sockanosset  school  for  boys,  Howard,  Rhode  Island  ;  Mary¬ 
land  Normal  School ;  Cold  Water  (Michigan)  public  schools ;  Union  school, 
Portsmouth,  New  Hampshire. 


Scientific  instruments,  n . .  186 

The  Adder  Company,  United  States  Observatory,  Signal  Service,  Department 
of  Agriculture,  Darling,  Brown  &  Sharp,  Mary  A.  Booth,  Dion,  Hollerith. 

Secondary  instruction,  n . .  178 


G.  A.  Bobrick  &  Co. ;  Indian  School,  Carlisle,  Pennsylvania  ;  Howard  Female 
College,  Gallatin,  Tennessee ;  Institute  for  Training  Colored  Ministers,  Tusca¬ 
loosa,  Alabama ;  Michigan  Female  Seminary,  Kalamazoo  ;  Alabama  Normal 
School,  Tuskogee ;  Philadelphia  Manual  Training  School ;  St.  Stanislaus  Com¬ 
mercial  College,  Bay  St.  Louis,  Missouri. 


Stationery,  etc., n .  .  156 

Baumgartan  &  Son,  Greylock  Paper  Mills,  Warren  &  Co.,  Fairchild  &  Co., 

Carter,  Dinsmore  &  Co.,  S.  S.  Stafford,  Underwood  &  Co.,  W.  E.  Morgan,  Story  & 

Fox,  Waterman  &  Co., Weeks  &  Campbell. 

Superior  education,  ii .  .  140 

Prof.  C.  Wellman  Parks,  Prof.  H.  A.  Rowland,  Johns  Hopkins  University,  Ala¬ 
bama  Polytechnic  Institute,  Massachusetts  College  of  Pharmacy,  Renssalaer 
Polytechnic  Institute,  college  papers,  photographs. 

Technical  instruction,  II . . . .  ...  .  196 

Renssalaer  Polytechnic  School,  Massachusetts  Institute  of  Technology,  Ste¬ 


vens  Institute  of  Technology,  Cornell  and  Lehigh  Universities,  Alabama  Poly¬ 
technic  Institute,  University  of  Illinois,  St.  Louis  and  Philadelphia  manual 
training  schools,  Women’s  art  school  of  Cooper  Union,  Eastman  Business 


College. 

Jurors,  list  of,  I . . .  99 

Portable  weapons,  superior,  exhibit  of,  n .  378 

Section  in  Machinery  Hall,  in . . .  9 

Signal  service,  exhibit  in  meteorological  section,  n .  .  263 

Trade  balances  of  the,  v .  807 

United  States  of  Colombia,  agricultural  exhibit  of ,  v .  135 

Universal  exposition  of  1889,  u  . . . .  18 

reversing  plate  mill  of  Chatillon  et  Commentry ,  hi .  305 

Unprofitable  traveling,  n . .  14 

Urquhart,  David,  jr.,  report  on  furniture  and  accessories,  II .  291 

Uruguay — 

Agricultural  association  of,  v .  159 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


565 


U  ruguay — Continued. 

Exhibits:  Page. 

Agriculture,  v  . 140 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n .  164 

Maps  and  apparatus,  n .  190 

Montevideo. 

Printing  and  books,  II .  154 

School  furniture,  n .  129 

Secondary  instruction,  II .  136 

Technical  instruction,  II .  199 

Useful  and  injurious  insects,  report  of  C.  L.  Marlott,  v .  427 

Usine  Rogheno  at  Malines,  in .  473 

V. 

Valenciennes  school  of  art,  II .  30 

Valentine,  John  J.,  annual  statement  of  production  of  gold,  silver,  lead,  and 
copper  west  of  the  Missouri  River  in  1888,  and  production  and  coinage  of 

Mexico,  i .  421 

Value  of  beef  products,  v .  804 

mineral  products,  n .  403 

Van  Bergen,  A.,  review  of  Group  iv,  n .  339 

Van  Deman,  H.  E.,  report  on  fruit  industry,  v .  675 

Vanilla  cultivation  in  Reunion,  v .  97 

Vasey,  George,  report  on  forage  plants  and  grasses,  v .  735 

Vats— 

Consideration  of,  v .  311,382 

Fermentation,  V .  382 

Made  of  glazed  bricks,  v .  382 

wood,  v . 382 

Open  or  closed,  v . 383 

Vault,  its  difference  from  the  cellar,  v .  395 

Vedalia  cardinalis,  imported  to  destroy  fluted  scale,  v .  606 

Vegetable  fruits,  v .  652 

oyster,  cultivation  of,  v . 655 

products,  interstate  traffic  in,  v .  660 

not  foods,  list  of  exhibits,  v .  869 

of  United  States,  report  of  W.  G.  Kern,  v .  639 

Vegetables — 

Exhibits  of,  v . 35, 61,  90,  93,  97, 106, 113, 120, 124, 136, 137, 140 

Farinaceous,  v  . 113,137,140 

French  exhibit  of ,  v  . . . .  35 

Grown  on  polders,  v  ...... .  .  114 

List  of  exhibits,  v .  .  862 

Perennial,  doubly  valuable,  v . 651 

Preserved  by  Appert  method,  v .  36 

Vegetables,  forage  plants  and  cereals,  report  of  Amory  Austin,  v .  35 

Venezuela  exhibits — 

Agriculture,  v .  140 

Drawing  and  modeling,  n . 164 

Insects,  v .  443 

Printing  and  books,  II .  154 

Stationery,  etc. ,  n .  158 

Superior  education,  n .  144 


566 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Page. 

Vernon-Harcourt,  Prof. ,  essay  on  training  rivers  through  tidal  estuaries,  hi.  .  658 


Veterinary  hospital  at  Lisbon,  v .  210 

in  Chile,  v .  225 

school  at  Alfort,  v . 196 

Lyons,  v .  196 

of  the  Haras,  v . . .  .  .  197 

instruction,  v . . . 178, 195 

science  at  Lisbon,  v . .  209 

Viaduct  over  the  river  at  Tardes,  hi .  769 

Victoria,  agricultural  exhibit  of ,  V .  108 

instruction  in,  v .  216 

experimental  farm  of,  V .  159 

Villez  movable  dam  on  the  Seine,  in . . .  606 

Vilmorin-Andrieux  et  Cie.,  visit  of  international  agricultural  congress  to,  v. .  552 

Vine  cultivation,  report  of  C.  V.  Riley,  v . . .  309 

culture,  areas  adapted  to,  v .  .  685 

Vines — 

Aestivalis  class  of ,  v .  345 

American,  v  . 345 

Collection  of  American  vines  in  France,  v . .  312 

Diseases  of,  v . . 311, 349 

Grafting  on  cuttings,  v . 343 

Hybrid,  v . 347 

Labrusca  class  of,  v . 347 

Method  of  planting,  v .  . . .  317 

Planting  in  sand  against  Phylloxera,  v .  328 

Propagation  of,  by  grafts,  v . . .  328 

Present  status  of  American,  v . 348 

Riparia  class  of ,  v . 346 

Rupestris  class  of,  v .  347 

Vineyards,  cultivation  of,  v .  .  .  325 

of  Tunis,  v .  95 

Vintage,  correction  and  amelioration  of ,  v .  391 

in  California,  v .  688 

Virginia,  early  culture  of  tobacco  in,  v .  727 

Viticulture — 

Exhibits  of ,  v . 309,312 

In  California,  v .  688 

Hungary,  v .  154 

United  States,  v .  685 

List  of  exhibits  in,  V .  863 

Machinery,  implements,  etc.,  for,  v . 310,  311,  315, 325, 326 

Resolutions  international  congress  on,  v .  529 

Soils  for,  v .  314 

Statistics  of ,  v . 125 

Vitis  vinifera,  in  California,  v .  679 


W. 


Wages,  average,  for  1888,  v .  807 

of  farm  labor,  v .  807 

rates  of ,  v .  807 

Ward,  Henry  L. ,  Rochester,  N.  Y. ,  exhibit  of  Mexican  mammals  and  birds,  II .  143 

Warner  &  Swasey’s  Monitor  lathe,  hi .  350 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


567 


Page. 


Washington,  D.  C. ,  architecture,  n . . .  5 

as  an  art  center,  n .  4 

State,  hop-raising  district  of,  v .  667 

Water  colors  and  pastels,  n . . .  44 

cress,  a  paying  crop  in  suitable  localities,  v .  657 

cultivation  of ,  v .  82 

Water  meters,  hi . 234 

Watermelons — 

Grown  on  Danube,  v .  120 

Not  much  cultivated  in  France,  v .  79 

Prices  for,  V .  660 

Raised  by  planters  of  South,  v .  660 

Where  most  grown,  v .  653 

Watson,  William,  PH.  D.,  report  on  civil  engineering,  public  works,  and 

architecture,  hi .  551 

Wearing  apparel  for  both  sexes — 

Exhibitors  of ,  n .  368 


Hats :  Christy  &  Co.,  John  B.  Stetson  &  Co.,  Fanien,  Mossant,  Tirard. 

Boots  and  shoes :  Manfield  &  Son,  John  Lobb,  Kompert  Bros.,  Marexiano  of  Monte¬ 


video,  Ranciot,  Schwartz,  Coquillot,  Jeandrou-Ferry,  Bisch,  Pinet. 

Feather  trimmings :  Mirtil  Mayer. 

Liveries :  Sutton. 

Dresses :  Mad.  Morgaine,  Pasquier  Pansard,  Ulliac,  LeRoy. 

Ladies’  hats  and  head  dresses  :  Miss  Linn-Faulkner,  Mrs.  Loisel. 

Review  by  A.  Van  Bergen,  n . .  366 

Webb  railway  tie,  hi  . .  .  509 

Weidemann  galvanometer,  iv .  199 

Weights  and  measures  in  French  converted  into  English  equivalents,  in.  ...  545 

table  of  French,  v . .  32 

Western  Railway  Company  of  France,  exhibit — 

Acetate  of  soda  heaters,  hi .  446 

Carriage  with  sleeping  apartment,  hi .  .  442 

Express  locomotive  with  coupled  drivers  and  bogie,  m .  441 

General  data  relative  to  engines,  in .  438 

Heaters  with  interior  flues,  in .  446 

Mixed  carriage  for  light  trains,  in .  444 

Molding  and  machinery,  hi .  448 

Special  devices  and  apparatus,  hi .  445 

Tender  with  two  axles,  in . . .  447 

Thermo-siphon  heaters,  in .  447 

Uncoupling  device,  m .  448 

Weyher  &  Richemond  engines,  in .  99 

Wheat — 

Acreage  and  product,  v . 802 

Aleph,v .  45 

Artificial  crossing  of ,  v  .  49 

Bordeaux,  v .  45 

Bordier,  v  ....  , .  47 

Carter’s  crossed,  v .  108 

Chidham  autumn,  v .  45 

Chubb,  v . 45 

Clawson,  v . 628 

Condition  under  which  gluten  is  formed  in  the  grain,  v . . .  48 

Cultivation  of  winter  and  summer  wheat  in  France,  v .  45 

Dalton  Goldendrop,  v .  46 


568 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Wheat— Continued.  Page. 

Dattel,  v  . . . .  45 

Distribution  in  United  States  (table),  v .  798 

Exhibits  of,  v . 82, 105, 109, 111,114, 117, 124, 131, 133, 134, 229 

Experiments  with,  v . . 48, 49, 108 

Fultz,  v .  628 

Goldendrop,  v . 46 

Growing,  increase  of,  v .  799 

progress  of ,  v . .. .  802 

Hard,  in  Algeria,  v .  85 

varieties  raised  in  southern  climates,  v .  47 

Hallett’s  genealogical,  v .  46 

Hunter,  v .  46 

Kessingland,  v . 46 

Lamed,  v .  46 

March,  white,  v .  45 

Martin  Amber,  v . 628 

Mediterranean,  v .  628 

Midge,  estimate  of  damage  by,  v  .  604 

Noah,  v .  46 

Nursery,  v .  46 

Per  hectare  as  shown  at  the  exposition,  v . . .  57 

Poulard,  and  their  differences  from  the  tender,  v .  47 

Prince  Albert,  v .  46 

Product  and  export  of ,  v .  803 

Quality  and  quantity  of  French,  v . 48 

Rieti,  v .  46 

Roseau,  v .  46 

Rousselin,  v .  46 

Russian  varieties,  v .  121 

“Saskatchewan”  Fife,  v .  628 

Saumur  march,  V  .  47 

Schireff  Scotch,  v .  47 

square,  v .  47 

Scotch  Fife,  v .  628 

Selection  of ,  v . 49 

Spelts  (epeautres),  v .  48 

Standup,  v . 47 

Statistics,  v .  85 

Tappahannock,  v .  .  628 

Tender,  v .  47 

Varieties  used  in  France,  v.  . 45 

Victoria,  autumn  white,  v .  47 

Victoria  dore,  V .  47 

Where  greatest  percentage  is  grown,  v . 627 

Yield  of,  per  acre  in  Canada,  v .  ...  627 

Wheatstone  automatic  telegraph  system,  iv .  106 

Wheeler  &  Wilson  Company’s  exhibit  of  sewing  machines,  hi .  35 

Wheelock,  Jerome,  engines,  hi .  124 

pumping  engines  (De  Quillac  &  Meunier  exhibitors),  hi  .  180 

White  Sewing  Machine  Company’s  exhibit,  in .  .  37 

Whitney,  Milton  W.,  report  on  rice  culture,  V .  638 

Wiley,  H.  W., report  on  sugar  industry  of  the  United  States,  v .  691 

Wilmington,  Del. ,  principal  seat  of  snuff  manufacture,  v .  733 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


569 


Page. 

Wine  casks,  consideration  of ,  v .  394 

and  tuns,  cleaning  of,  v .  395 

cellar,  V .  376 

Wine  estate,  the,  v .  425 

exchange,  opened  in  California,  v .  690 

grapes,  drying  of,  v .  689 

Wine-making — 

Addition  of  alcohol  or  brandy  in . ,  v . .  392 

sugar  in,  v .  392 

tartaric  acid  in,  v .  393 

water  in,  v .  393 

Best  time  for  gathering  grapes  for,  v . .  371 

Cellar  for,  v .  376 

Combining  different  grapes,  v .  392 

Corrections  of  the  vintage,  v .  391 

Cuvage,  v .  377 

Cuve  wine,  v .  391 

Crushing,  methods  employed,  v .  379 

machines  for,  v .  380 

grapes,  v .  378 

Description  of  various  establishments  for,  v .  686 

Egrappage,  v .  377 

Fermentation : 

duration  of,  V .  388 

Ferrague  cuve  for,  v .  386 

means  of  starting,  v .  388 

need  of  prolonging,  v . . . . .  384 

open  vs.  closed  vats,  v . . .  383 

Perret  cuve  for,  v .  384 

relation  of  temperature  to,  v .  387 

vats  for,  v . . .  382 

Foulage,  v .  378 

In  France,  v . 368 

Maturity  of  grape  for,  v .  372 

Press-wine,  v . .  .  391 

Racking  the  wine  and  pressing  the  husks,  v .  388 

Stemming,  v .  ...  377 

apparatus  and  rules  for,  v .  378 

“Stuck”  wines,  remedies  for,  v .  .  387 

Use  of  plaster  in,  v . . .  393 

Wine  press,  Mabille  Bros,  v .  389 

Masson  horse  power, v .  391 

used  in  champagne  district,  v .  390 

Wine  product — 

Relation  of  climate  to,  v .  370 

cultural  methods  to,  v .  371 

soil  to,  v .  371 

variety  of  grape  to,  v .  371 

Wine  tuns,  v .  394 

vaults,  construction  of,  v . 394 

Wines — 

Acid,  v . 405 

Additions  to  prevent  fermentation  of ,  v .  400 


570 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


Wines — Continued.  Page. 

Alcohol  in,  v .  . .  892 

Bitter,  v .  406 

Bottling,  Y .  402 

California,  consumption  of,  increasing,  v .  690 

Chalk,  plaster,  etc. ,  used  in  clearing  of ,  v .  898 

Champagne,  see  Champagne. 

Chauffage  or  heating  of ,  v .  .  401 

Congelation  of ,  v .  400 

Diseases  of ,  v . . .  .  .  404 

Effects  of  climate  on,  v .  370 

Falsification  of ,  v .  368 

Filter  for  the  Yigouroux,  v .  397 

Filtering  and  fining,  v .  396 

with  blood,  Y . 399 

gelatin,  v . . 399 

isinglass,  v .  399 

milk,  Y  .  399 

white  of  eggs . 399 

Flat  or  turbid,  v .  405 

Foaming,  Y . 411 

French,  importance  and  reputation  of ,  v .  368 

Greasy,  v .  405 

Industry  in  Tunis,  v . . .  .  ....  96 

Low  prices  of ,  v .  689 

Manufacture  of ,  Y .  3 

Mechanical  agents  for  clearing  of ,  Y . . .  398 

Mutage  of ,  v .  400 

Press  and  cure .  391 

Racking,  v .  396 

Raisin,  v . 420 

Report  on  fermented  drinks,  of  Chas.  McK.  Loser,  IV .  782 

Rosy,v .  411 

Sugaring,  v .  392 

Sweet  or  liquorous,  v .  408 

Treatment  of,  in  vault,  v .  395 

Watering,  V .  393 

White,  v . 406 

Wing,  H.  H.,  report  on  dairy  industry,  v .  .  .  577 

Wires,  cables,  and  conduits  for  electric  systems,  IV .  230 

Wood  treatment  tests  (Engineering  News),  II . 718 

Wood-working  and  furniture  machinery  exhibits — 

Exhibit  of  Faure,  M.  Pierre  P.,  ill .  46 

Foy,  J.  A.,  hi . 44 

French  manufacturers,  m . 45 

McCoy,  S.,  pneumatic  tool,  hi .  46 

Wooden  railway  cross-ties,  in .  515 

Woodhouse  &  Rawson  amperemeter,  iv .  209 

Woods,  Chas.  D. ,  report  on  comparative  composition  of  European  and  Amer¬ 
ican  beef,  v .  393 

Woods,  H.  D.,  c.  E.,  report  on  brick  and  tile,  hi .  411 

Woolf  railway  engine,  hi .  455 

Wool,  at  the  head  of  textile  products  of  United  States,  v .  695 

exhibit  of,  v .  696 


GENERAL  INDEX.  571 

•  Page. 

Wool,  statistics  concerning,  v .  696 

Woolen  threads  and  fabrics,  review  by  A.  Van  Bergen,  n .  349 


Prize  winners  :  Bellest  &  Co.,  Breton  &  Sons,  Belin  &  Co.,  Boussus,  Boussant  &  Gau 
det,  Michel  Bureau,  Eabourier,  Bisson  &  Co.,  Grand  Jean  &  Co.,  Noirot  Janson,  Gamou- 
net-Dehollande,  Michau  &  Co.,  Lesser  &  Gamier,  France;  Group  of  Viennese  exhib¬ 
itors,  Austria-Hungary  ;  exhibitors  from  Mexico,  Portugal,  Chile,  Brazil,  Argentine 


Republic,  Spain. 

Works  of  St.  Chammond,  exhibit  of  war  material,  iv .  342 

Worthington,  Henry  R.,  exhibit  of  direct  acting  steampumps,  hi .  176 

Y 

Yale  College,  agricultural  science  at,  v .  817 

construction  of  Kent  laboratories,  n .  679 

Yam,  cultivation  in  Brazil,  v . . .  . . .  134 

Yellows,  peach,  photographs  of ,  v .  794 

Yucca,  fiber  from  various  species  of ,  v .  721 

z. 

Zea  mays ,  husks  used  in  making  horse  collars,  v .  723 

Zinc — 

Distillation  of,  by  gas,  II .  439 

Exhibitors  of ,  n .  433 

La  Societe  de  la  Vielle-Montagne,  SociSte  Anonyme  des  mines  et  Fonderies  de  zinc, 
Belgium  ;  Lonis  Cahaigne  &  Co.,  France. 

Production  of,  by  countries,  II .  402 

Spelter,  produced  in  the  United  States  from  1882  to  1887,  by  States,  I. . . .  399 

Zinc  and  zinc  oxides  imported  into  the  United  States  iu  1887, 1 .  399 

Zurich  dynamo,  iv .  41 


O 


22 


Plate  XXII. 


Paris  Exposition  of  1889. 


PARIS  UNIVERSAL  EXPOSITION 
1889 

GENERAL  PLAN 


Scale 

syo 


SPACE  OCCUPIED  BY  THE 
UNITED  STATES 

Fine  Arts  Gallery . 7800 

Liberal  Arts.  Gallery. . gW* 

Machinery  Hall,GmfldF/<wr.34900  \  s?- 

,(  s  Gallery. . 3.325  /  ^ 

Agriculture  and  Food  Products . i^SO 

W  A  Wood,Agricultural  Machines . .1  075 

Head  Quarters  of  the  U.S.Commission _ 

Total . 113.300 


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